CN204903506U - Foam flooding evaluation device - Google Patents
Foam flooding evaluation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN204903506U CN204903506U CN201520675071.1U CN201520675071U CN204903506U CN 204903506 U CN204903506 U CN 204903506U CN 201520675071 U CN201520675071 U CN 201520675071U CN 204903506 U CN204903506 U CN 204903506U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a foam flooding evaluation device and evaluation method, this foam flooding evaluation device includes foam installation, supplies liquid device, rock core analogue means and data acquisition system, the evaluation method of utilizing this foam flooding evaluation device is after carrying out saturated simulated formation pretreatment of water through the rock core model to the different permeabilities of select to have, to the rock core model saturated crude oil carries out in proper order, pour into into the formation water with water drive oil, pour into the foam into with the foam flooding to pour into the process control injection parameter into in order to obtain obtaining the optimum foam injection parameter that the biggest crude oil recovery ratio is corresponded to the rock core model of different permeabilities, this foam flooding evaluation device the device and method design are reasonable, and the working property is reliable, simulate effectual, its corresponding evaluation method can be used to foam flooding in -process foam the migration, transfer and the research of enhanced oil recovery mechanism such as to drive.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to oil-gas field development experimental assembly technical field, particularly a kind of foam flooding evaluating apparatus.
Background technology
Foam system has the characteristic of high, stifled very much not stifled little, the stifled oil of water blockoff of apparent viscosity, can effective shutoff medium to high permeable position, has the effect of selective profile control, can improve sweep efficiency; Meanwhile, frothing agent itself is the surfactant that a kind of activity is very strong, significantly can reduce oil water interfacial tension, improves reservoir rocks wetting state, improves oil displacement efficiency.Therefore, foam profile is a kind of technology of very rising raising recovery ratio.Laboratory often adopts Simulation evaluation experimental provision to carry out assess foam profile modification, optimizes the injection parameter such as injection rate, injected slurry volume, gas liquid ratio of foam profile.
At present, there is a large amount of documents and patent discloses foam profile evaluating apparatus.The people such as Pang have delivered " TheBlockingAbilityandFlowingCharacteristicsofSteadyFoams inPorousMedia " in " TransportinPorousMedia " the 1st phase in 2010, propose a kind of foam evaluations device.The structure of this device is that gas enters frother from air feed bottle through mass flow controller control flow and foam liquid, frother is that the glass microballoon being 0.25mm by diameter is filled and presented and formed, the foam produced enters six-way valve after frother flows out, then directly porous medium is entered, be used for studying the shut-off capacity of foam and flow behavior, although this device can adopt gas mass flow controller to control gas flow, after but gas and foam liquid are mixed to form foam, directly be connected with porous medium inlet end, bear from after porous medium inlet port pressure, because gas is different with the compressibility of liquid, the inlet of liquid will be greater than gas inlet, cause liquid inlet more than gas inlet, gas liquid ratio is uncontrollable, porous medium in this device fills by uniform beaded glass the homogeneous core model made, and can not be used for the selectivity of assess foam to enter effect.Publication CN102865898A and CN202202850U it is also proposed a kind of foam profile evaluating apparatus, gas loads in piston container by this device, according to the gas liquid ratio of setting, promote piston container injecting gas with two pumps respectively according to a fixed displacement and foam liquid enters into frother simultaneously.This device adopts injection pump to control gas flow, exist after porous medium inlet port pressure is transmitted to frother equally, because gas is different with the compressibility of liquid, the inlet of liquid will be greater than gas inlet, cause liquid inlet more than gas inlet, gas liquid ratio is uncontrollable, affects foam profile evaluation effect.Although this device can study the shunt volume of foam with two basket, can not there is layer cross flow in fluid, thus can not simulate the deep rock tunneling effect of foam in porous medium in a model.In addition, also have some experimental provisions not have frother, directly gas and foam liquid are injected in core model by six-way valve, gas liquid ratio can not ensure more simultaneously.In recent years, the formula, performance evaluation and the profile control field test aspect that concentrate on foam is more studied for foam profile control technology, remain in shortcoming in the flowing law of foam in porous medium and shutoff study mechanism etc., especially lack basic and the simulating lab test device of accurate stable and effective experimental technique.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of by foam profile raising oil recovery factor technology, can be used in assess foam profile modification and foam migration rule, improve experiment accuracy, accurately control gas liquid ratio, for foam profile technology provides basic theory to instruct foam flooding evaluating apparatus.
For this reason, technical solutions of the utility model are as follows:
A kind of foam flooding evaluating apparatus, comprises foam-making apparatus, liquid feed device, rock core analogue means and data acquisition system (DAS), wherein:
Described foam-making apparatus comprise be communicated with by connecting tube successively gas bomb, buffering gas cylinder, gas flow controller, frother, foam hold-up vessel and screw pump;
Described liquid feed device comprises the piston container holding foam liquid, the piston container holding local water, the piston container holding crude oil and ram pump, described ram pump by connecting tube respectively with described hold foam liquid piston container, described in hold the piston container of local water and the described inlet end holding the piston container of crude oil is connected, described in hold the piston container of foam liquid endpiece be connected with the liquid feeding end of described frother;
Described rock core analogue means comprises backpressure pump, core model, metering cylinder and ring press pump, described core model is provided with model fluid entrance, ring press pump connected entrance and model fluid outlet, described ring press pump is connected with the ring press pump connected entrance of described core model by connecting tube, the connecting tube in described core model model fluid exit is provided with check valve, described backpressure pump and metering cylinder to be exported with the model fluid of described core model by described check valve and connecting tube and are connected, the connecting tube of the model fluid porch of described core model is provided with a six-way valve, described six-way valve is also respectively by connecting tube and described screw pump endpiece, the piston container outlet end holding local water is communicated with the described endpiece holding the piston container of crude oil,
The gas buffer pressure tank sensor that described data acquisition system (DAS) is comprised computing machine and is connected with described computing machine by control cables, inlet pressure transducer, back pressure sensor and ring pressure sensor, described gas buffer pressure tank sensor setting is on the connecting tube of described gas bomb and described buffering gas cylinder, described inlet pressure transducer is connected on described six-way valve, on the connecting tube of described back pressure sensor setting between described check valve and described backpressure pump, described ring pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting tube between described core model and described ring press pump.
Described foam flooding evaluating apparatus, by the Signal transmissions of described data acquisition system (DAS), realizes setting and the control of technological parameter.
Described frother, described foam hold-up vessel, described screw pump, described in hold foam liquid piston container, described in hold local water piston container, described in hold the piston container of crude oil, described six-way valve, described core model, described check valve and described metering cylinder and be all arranged in a constant temperature oven.
Described gas bomb and the connecting tube of buffering gas cylinder are provided with the first tensimeter, described six-way valve is provided with the second tensimeter, the connecting tube of described check valve and backpressure pump is provided with the 3rd tensimeter, the connecting tube of core model described in described ring press pump is provided with the 4th tensimeter.
Device portal place on connecting line or exit are provided with the valve of control linkage pipeline open and close, wherein, for safety, on connecting tube between described local water piston container, described in hold between the piston container of crude oil and described core model connecting tube on be provided with double-control valve, be in dangerous high pressure conditions to prevent pipeline.
Particularly, the connecting tube of described gas bomb and described buffering gas cylinder is provided with the first valve, the connecting tube of described buffering gas cylinder and described gas flow controller is provided with the second valve, described ram pump holds foam liquid piston container with described respectively, described local water piston container and the described connecting tube holding the piston container of crude oil are separately installed with the 3rd valve, 4th valve and the 5th valve, the described connecting tube holding foam liquid piston container and described frother is provided with the 6th valve, the connecting tube of described local water piston container and described six-way valve is provided with the 7th valve and the 9th valve, described holding on the piston container of crude oil and the connecting tube of described six-way valve is provided with the 8th valve and the tenth valve, between described screw pump and described six-way valve, connecting tube is provided with the 11 valve, connecting tube between described six-way valve and described core model is provided with the 12 valve, connecting tube between described ring press pump and described core model is provided with the 13 valve, connecting tube between described check valve and described backpressure pump is provided with the 15 valve, connecting tube between described check valve and described metering cylinder is provided with the 14 valve.
Described core model is single fill out sand tube, the fill out sand tube of single rock core, single multilayer heterogeneous core, many different permeabilities in parallel or the glass medium model of imitative rock core structure.Substitute according to simulation bottom experiment needs.
Described hold-up vessel is a closed tank and on tank wall, is provided with the view window for observing foam generation state, whether reaches conveying requirement to observe foam.
Described metering cylinder is graduated cylinder, for measuring the volume flowing into local water in cylinder or crude oil.
Described constant temperature oven is a casing and casing front and back is provided with visual transparent high temperature resistant glass door and window, for operation and record empirical value.
A kind of evaluation method utilizing above-mentioned foam flooding evaluating apparatus:
After the pre-service of saturation simulation local water is carried out to the selected core model with different permeability, be warming up to consistent with simulating oil deposit temperature; Saturated crude oil is carried out successively to core model, injects local water with water displacing oil, injection foam with foam flooding, and contrast oil recovery factor with foam flooding process by changing different injection rates, gas liquid ratio and foam injected slurry volume at injection foam, to obtain obtaining optimum foam injection parameter corresponding to maximum oil recovery factor for the core model of different permeability.
Above-mentioned evaluation method concrete steps comprise:
(1) experimental provision connects: connection foam flooding evaluating apparatus, and ensures that the impermeability of each connecting tube and valve is all good, data acquisition system (DAS) normally works, and each valve is all in closed condition; Select suitable core model as required, and ensure that model is water-tight;
(2) core model pre-service: core model claims dry weight m
1, vacuumize 4 ~ 6 hours, open the 7th valve, the 9th valve, the 12 valve to the 15 valve, opening plunger pump is also opened the 4th valve and is made core model saturation simulation local water, claims weight in wet base m by the core model of saturation simulation local water
2, calculate volume of voids; Conveniently water surveys permeability method of testing testing rock core model permeability, and core model is put into constant temperature oven and be heated to consistent with simulating oil deposit temperature, stand-by;
(3) foam profile injection parameter Optimal Experimental:
The saturated crude oil of (i) core model: control backpressure pump back pressure and regulate the pressure of check valve to consistent with simulated formation pressure; Control loop press pump also sets ring pressure; Close the 4th valve, the 7th valve and the 9th valve that hold the piston container of local water, open the 8th valve and the tenth valve that hold the piston container of crude oil, open the 5th valve and start ram pump, with the flow of 0.1 ~ 0.3mL/min to the saturated crude oil of core model, until the crude oil volume in inflow metering cylinder is two times of core model volume of voids, record flow into the volume of local water in metering cylinder, is the volume of the saturated crude oil of core model;
(ii) water displacing oil: retaining ring pressure and back pressure constant, close the 5th valve, close the 8th valve and the tenth valve that hold the piston container of crude oil, open the 7th valve and the 9th valve that hold the piston container of local water, open the 4th valve and start ram pump, in core model, inject local water with the flow of 0.1 ~ 0.3mL/min and carry out water displacing oil, until the liquid aqueous rate flowing out core model reaches 100%, namely flow out, till when trickle is all water without crude oil to metering cylinder; Close the 7th valve, the 9th valve, the 4th valve and the ram pump that hold the piston container of local water;
(iii) foam injection parameter Optimal Experimental: retaining ring pressure and back pressure constant, open the first valve of gas bomb, by in gas insufflation gas surge tank, the force value making the first tensimeter display is 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa, the flow number of gas mass flow controller is set according to experiment parameter, open Sheng the 6th valve and the 3rd valve and start ram pump, open the second valve of gas buffer tank simultaneously, according to the gas liquid ratio of setting, gas and foam liquid are injected foam-making apparatus, the foam produced enters in foam hold-up vessel, and observe foam generation state by the view window on foam hold-up vessel, after foam generation state reaches requirement, open the 11 valve, start screw pump, be injected in core model according to setting flow by six-way valve, the force value that the second tensimeter on record six-way valve shows and the irreducible oil volume flowed in metering cylinder and local water volume,
Change different injection rates, gas liquid ratio and foam injected slurry volume, repeat experimental procedure (1) ~ (3), experimentally numerical evaluation oil recovery factor, contrast experiment's data obtain optimum foam injection parameter.
(4) foam injection efficiency experiment:
I () repeats above-mentioned steps (1) and (2);
(ii) open backpressure pump and regulate check valve to make pressure consistent with the reservoir pressure of simulation;
(iii) the 3rd valve, the 5th valve, the 6th valve, the 8th valve and the tenth valve is kept to be in closed condition, open the 4th valve, the 7th valve and the 9th valve, start ram pump, according to setting flow, local water is injected in core model by six-way valve, force value after the second manometric pressure stability on record six-way valve; Close the 4th valve, the 7th valve, the 9th valve and ram pump.
(iv) retaining ring pressure and back pressure pressure constant, open the first valve on gas bomb place connecting tube, make gas with in certain pressure insufflation gas surge tank, the flow number of setting gas mass flow controller, keep the 7th valve, 8th valve, 9th valve and the tenth valve are in closed condition, open the 3rd valve and the 6th valve, start ram pump and open the second valve simultaneously, gas and foam liquid are injected foam-making apparatus according to certain gas liquid ratio, the foam of generation is entered in foam hold-up vessel and observes foam by the view window on foam hold-up vessel to generate state, open the 11 valve, start screw pump, by described six-way valve, foam is injected in core model according to setting flow, injection pressure stable after, the second manometric force value on record six-way valve.
V () changes the core model with different permeability, repeat above-mentioned steps (1), (2) and (4), be recorded in the core model of different permeability the stationary value of injection pressure when injecting foam.
(5) Data Processing in Experiment:
The conventional Calculation Method of permeability is surveyed, according to the experimental data recorded in step (3) and step (4), according to formulae discovery volume of voids and factor of porosity according to rock core water; The permeability of core model can be calculated by Darcy formula; Optimum foam profile parameter can be obtained according to the experimental data recorded in step (3), comprise injection rate, gas liquid ratio and foam injected slurry volume; According to the experimental data that step (4) records, according to same flow bet foam and note local water time the ratio of pressure reduction can calculate foam resistance factor Changing Pattern in different permeability core model.
The advantage of the utility model compared with conventional art is: this foam flooding evaluating apparatus adopts gas mass flow controller to control gas flow, screw pump is adopted to be injected in core model after the stable foam supercharging of generation, achieve the accurate control of gas liquid ratio, this foam flooding evaluating apparatus is by the variation of core model, be conducive to the foam flooding of simulating different reservoir parameter, adopt various modes research foam flooding mechanism, evaluate core model foam flooding effect, this device and method is reasonable in design, reliable working performance, simulate effect is good, can be used for the migration of foam in foam flooding process, transfer drives etc. improve recovery mechanism research.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of foam flooding evaluating apparatus of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 be in embodiment 3 resistance factor of foam in different permeability core model with permeability variation law curve figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, the utility model is described further, but these embodiments have any restriction to the utility model absolutely not.
Example 1 (foam flooding evaluating apparatus)
A kind of foam flooding evaluating apparatus, comprises foam-making apparatus, liquid feed device, rock core analogue means and data acquisition system (DAS), wherein:
Described foam-making apparatus comprise be communicated with by connecting tube successively gas bomb 1, buffering gas cylinder 2, gas flow controller 6, frother 7, foam hold-up vessel 8 and screw pump 9;
Described liquid feed device comprises the piston container 3 holding foam liquid, the piston container 4 holding local water, the piston container 5 holding crude oil and ram pump 22, described ram pump 22 by connecting tube respectively with described hold foam liquid piston container 3, described in hold the piston container 4 of local water and the described inlet end holding the piston container 5 of crude oil is connected, described in hold the piston container 3 of foam liquid endpiece be connected with the liquid feeding end of described frother 7;
Described rock core analogue means comprises backpressure pump 11, core model 13, metering cylinder 15 and ring press pump 19, described core model 13 is provided with model fluid entrance, ring press pump connected entrance and model fluid outlet, described ring press pump 19 is connected with the ring press pump connected entrance of described core model 13 by connecting tube, the connecting tube in described core model 13 model fluid exit is provided with check valve 14, described backpressure pump 11 and metering cylinder 15 to be exported with the model fluid of described core model 13 by described check valve 14 and connecting tube and are connected, the connecting tube of the model fluid porch of described core model 13 is provided with a six-way valve, described six-way valve is also respectively by connecting tube and described screw pump 9 endpiece, piston container 4 endpiece holding local water is communicated with the described endpiece holding the piston container 5 of crude oil,
The gas buffer pressure tank sensor 23 that described data acquisition system (DAS) is comprised computing machine 21 and is connected with described computing machine 21 by control cables, inlet pressure transducer 20, back pressure sensor 16 and ring pressure sensor 18, described gas buffer pressure tank sensor 23 is arranged on described gas bomb 1 with on the connecting tube of described buffering gas cylinder 2, described inlet pressure transducer 20 is connected on described six-way valve 12, described back pressure sensor 16 is arranged on the connecting tube between described check valve 14 and described backpressure pump 11, described ring pressure sensor 18 is arranged on the connecting tube between described core model 13 and described ring press pump 19,
Described frother 7, described foam hold-up vessel 8, described screw pump 9, described in hold foam liquid piston container 3, described in hold local water piston container 4, described in hold the piston container 5 of crude oil, described six-way valve 12, described core model 13, described check valve 14 and described metering cylinder 15 and be all arranged in a constant temperature oven 10.
Described gas bomb 1 and the connecting tube of buffering gas cylinder 2 are provided with the first tensimeter, described six-way valve 12 is provided with the second tensimeter, described check valve 14 and the connecting tube of backpressure pump 11 are provided with the 3rd tensimeter, the connecting tube of core model 13 described in described ring press pump 19 is provided with the 4th tensimeter.
Described gas bomb 1 and the connecting tube of described buffering gas cylinder 2 are provided with the first valve, described buffering gas cylinder 2 and the connecting tube of described gas flow controller 6 are provided with the second valve, described ram pump 22 holds foam liquid piston container 3 with described respectively, described local water piston container 4 and the described connecting tube holding the piston container 5 of crude oil are separately installed with the 3rd valve, 4th valve and the 5th valve, the described connecting tube holding foam liquid piston container 3 and described frother 7 is provided with the 6th valve, described local water piston container 4 and the connecting tube of described six-way valve 12 are provided with the 7th valve and the 9th valve, described holding on the piston container 5 of crude oil and the connecting tube of described six-way valve 12 is provided with the 8th valve and the tenth valve, between described screw pump 9 and described six-way valve 12, connecting tube is provided with the 11 valve, connecting tube between described six-way valve 12 and described core model 13 is provided with the 12 valve, connecting tube between described ring press pump 19 and described core model 13 is provided with the 13 valve, connecting tube between described check valve 14 and described backpressure pump 11 is provided with the 15 valve, connecting tube between described check valve 14 and described metering cylinder 15 is provided with the 14 valve.
Described hold-up vessel 8 is a closed tank and on tank wall, is provided with the view window for observing foam generation state.
Described constant temperature oven is a casing and casing front and back is provided with visual transparent high temperature resistant glass door and window.
Example 2 (foam profile injection parameter Optimal Experimental)
(1) experimental provision is connected: connected as shown in Figure 1 by each for experimental provision clock parts, and check that whether the impermeability of each pipeline and a valve is good, whether data acquisition system (DAS) normally works, and keep each valve to be all in closed condition, metering cylinder liquid level is adjusted to 0 place simultaneously; Wherein, core model 13 is selected three layers and is had the square core model of different permeability and fix with core holding unit, described three layers and the square core model with different permeability is of a size of 4.5cm × 4.5cm × 30cm, these three layers of core model record three layers of rock core permeability by conventional rock gas permeability assay method flows to along simulated solution and is respectively 3012 × 10
-3μm
2, 986 × 10
-3μm
2with 153 × 10
-3μm
2, namely three layers of core model are used for simulating the heterogeneous reservoir condition with most permeable zone, middle pervious course and low permeability layer respectively and check that core holding unit seals water-tight state.
(2) core model pre-service:
I core model is claimed dry weight m by ()
1=976.1g, vacuumizes and keeps 4 ~ 6 hours;
(ii) saturated local water: open the 13 valve, starts and regulating ring press pump 19, back pressure is set to 10MPa, then closes the 13 valve and ring press pump 19; Open the 4th valve, the 7th valve, the 9th valve and the 12 valve, start and pilot plunger pump 22, in core model 13, local water is injected with the flow of 0.1mL/min, until the force value of six-way valve 12 upward pressure table reaches 5MPa, close the 12 valve and ram pump, the core model being full of local water left standstill and within 6 hours, make the abundant saturated local water of core model, then bled off by unabsorbed for core model unnecessary local water, the weight in wet base taking the core model of saturated local water is m
2=1184.5g, according to formula
calculate volume of voids, according to formula
calculate factor of porosity, wherein above-mentioned formula (1) and (2) middle ρ
wfor local water density g/cm
3, value is 1.0g/cm
3, V
ffor core model cumulative volume (cm
3), this core model cumulative volume calculates gained (as shown in table 1 below) by moulded dimension, calculates volume of voids: V by formula (1)
p=(1184.5 – 976.1)/1=208.4mL, calculates factor of porosity by common formula (2):
Restart ram pump 22, in core model 13, local water is injected with the flow of 1mL/min, until second manometric force value reaches stable on six-way valve 12, on record six-way valve 12, the second manometric force value is p=1.178kPa, close ram pump 22, the 4th valve and the 7th valve held on piston container 4 connecting line of local water and the 9th valve, according to Darcy formula
and survey core permeability with reference to the numerical evaluation water in table 1, wherein, in formula, q is local water flow, and value is 1mL/min; μ is the viscosity (Pas) of local water, value 0.5Pas; L is core model length (cm); A is core model area of section (cm
3); Δ p is the pressure reduction at core model two ends, i.e. the difference of the second tensimeter and rock core exit pressure levels on six-way valve 12,10
-1mPa, value is 1.178kPa=0.01178 × 10
-1mPa; Calculate the mean permeability that rock core is surveyed in water outlet: k=1048.4 × 10
-3μm
2.Core model put into constant temperature oven and is heated to simulating oil deposit temperature 45 C, keeping more than 2 hours, stand-by.
Change the core model of different permeability, repeat experimental procedure (1) and (2), the correlation parameter of the core model of the different permeabilities surveyed is as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1: square core parameters table
(3) the saturated crude oil of core model: open the 13 valve, the 14 valve and the 15 valve, starts ring press pump 19 and backpressure pump 11, controls backpressure pump 11, regulates the 15.2MPa of pressure to simulated formation pressure of check valve 14; Setting ring press pump 19 ring pressure pressure 25MPa; Open the 8th valve and the tenth valve that hold on the connecting pipeline of the piston container 5 of crude oil, open the 5th valve and start ram pump 22, with the saturated crude oil of the flow of 0.2mL/min, until the crude oil volume flowed out in metering cylinder 15 is that (volume of voids is according to formula for 2 times of volume of voids
calculate with related data in upper table 1), the record local water volume flow in metering cylinder 15 is: V=149.8mL; According to material balance principle, the local water volume flow in metering cylinder 15 should equal the volume of the saturated crude oil of core model, i.e. the volume V of saturated crude oil
o=149.8mL, according to formula
v in formula
ofor the volume (mL) of saturated crude oil; V
pfor volume of voids (mL); Calculate oil saturation:
close ram pump 22 and the 5th valve, the 8th valve holding the piston container 5 of crude oil and the tenth valve.
(4) core model water displacing oil: keep back pressure pressure and ring pressure pressure constant, open the 7th valve and the 9th valve that hold the piston container 4 of local water, open the 4th valve simultaneously and start ram pump 22, water displacing oil is carried out with the flow of 0.2mL/min, (namely no longer include crude oil in metering cylinder to flow out until core model water percentage reaches 100%, till when trickle is all water), close ram pump 22, the 4th valve and hold the 7th valve of piston container 4 place connecting line and the 9th valve of local water.
(5) foam injection parameter Optimal Experimental: the first valve opening gas bomb 1, by in gas insufflation gas surge tank 2, the force value that pressure transducer 23 is shown is 0.1 ~ 0.3MPa, the flow 0.1mL/min of gas mass flow controller 6 is set, open the 6th valve held on the piston container 3 place connecting line of foam liquid, open the 3rd valve and start ram pump 22, open the second valve of gas buffer tank 2 simultaneously, according to the gas liquid ratio 1:1 of setting, gas and foam liquid are injected foam-making apparatus 7, the foam produced enters in foam hold-up vessel 8, observe foam by the view window on foam hold-up vessel 8 and generate situation.Open the 11 valve and start screw pump 9, be injected in core model 13 according to 0.2mL/min flow by six-way valve 12, the foam volume being injected into core model 13 is 0.5PV (namely injected slurry volume is 0.5 times of volume of voids), after foam injects, close gas buffer tank 2 and the second valve held on the piston container 3 place connecting line of foam liquid and the 6th valve, close the 3rd valve and suspend ram pump 22, open the 7th valve and the 9th valve that hold on the piston container 4 place connecting line of local water, open the 4th valve and start ram pump 22, in core model 13, inject local water with the flow of 0.2mL/min and carry out water drive irreducible oil, until do not have crude oil to flow out in sample bucket 15.Record foam injects and starts to testing the crude oil volume terminating to flow into metering cylinder 15: Q
o=38.8mL.
According to formula
calculate the oil recovery factor that foam flooding improves on water drive basis, in formula: Q
ostart to testing the crude oil volume (mL) terminating to flow into metering cylinder 15 for foam in experiment injects; V
ofor the volume (mL) of saturated crude oil;
Calculate the oil recovery factor that foam flooding improves on water drive basis:
Change different injection rates: 0.1mL/min, 0.2mL/min, 0.3mL/min, different gas liquid ratio: 2:1,1:1,1:2 and different foam injected slurry volume: 0.1PV, 0.3PV, 0.5PV, repeat step (1) to step (5), from table, improve recovery ratio (%) obtain optimum injection parameter, its corresponding experimental results is as shown in table 2 below.
Table 2: foam profile injection parameter Optimal Experimental result
Can be drawn by data in table 2, show that best injection parameter be injection rate is 0.2mL/min according to the highest oil recovery factor, gas liquid ratio is 1:1, and foam injected slurry volume is 0.5PV, and oil recovery factor reaches 25.9%.
Example 3 (experiment of foam injection efficiency)
(1) experimental provision connects: connect experimental provision according to accompanying drawing 1, check the impermeability of pipeline and valve, whether data acquisition system (DAS) normally works, valve is kept all to be in closed condition, metering cylinder liquid level is adjusted to 0 place, core model selects the single sand-filling tube model of different permeability, and core parameters sees attached list 3, and checks core model sealing state.
(2) core model pre-service:
I () adopts the single core model of filling 30 ~ 200 order silica sand, claim dry weight m
1, the core model after back-up sand is vacuumized and keeps 4 ~ 6 hours;
(ii) the saturated local water of core model: open the 7th valve, the 9th valve and the 12 valve, open the 4th valve and start ram pump 22, in core model 13, local water is injected with the flow of 0.1mL/min, until stop when the force value on six-way valve 12 reaches 5MPa, close the 12 valve, close the 4th valve and ram pump, the core model being full of local water is left standstill and within 6 hours, makes the abundant saturated local water of core model, then unabsorbed for core model unnecessary local water is bled off, take the core model weight in wet base m of saturated local water
2;
(iii) change the core model of different permeabilities, repeat above-mentioned experimental procedure (1) and step (2), according to formula
calculate volume of voids, according to formula
calculate factor of porosity, ρ in formula
wfor local water density (g/cm
3), value is 1.0g/cm
3, V
ffor core model cumulative volume (cm
3); Core model cumulative volume calculates gained by the moulded dimension in table 3, and the result of calculation of its core model factor of porosity is in shown in table 3;
Open the 4th valve and restart ram pump 22, in the core model 13 of above-mentioned experiment, injecting local water with the flow of 1mL/min, until the force value on six-way valve 12 is stablized, recording the second manometric force value, according to Darcy formula simultaneously
survey core permeability with the numerical evaluation water in table 3, result of calculation part is shown in Table 3, and in formula, q is local water flow (mL/min); μ is the viscosity (Pas) of local water, value 0.5Pas; L is core model length (cm); A is core model area of section (cm
2); D is the diameter (cm) of core model; Δ Ρ is the pressure reduction (10 of core model entrance point and endpiece
-1mPa); Change the core model of different permeability, and repeat (1) to (2) experimental procedure, result of calculation, in table 3, core model is put into constant temperature oven and be heated to simulating oil deposit temperature 45 C, and constant temperature keeps 2 hours, stand-by.
Table 3: single core parameters table
(3) foam injection efficiency experiment: open the 14 valve and the 15 valve, starts backpressure pump 11, controls backpressure pump 11, regulates the pressure of check valve 14 to simulated formation pressure p
0=15.2MPa, the 3rd valve, the 5th valve, the 6th valve, the 8th valve and the tenth valve is kept to be in closed condition, open the 4th valve, the 7th valve and the 9th valve, start ram pump 22, according to 0.2mL/min flow, local water is injected in core model 13 by six-way valve 12, the second manometric pressure stability value p1 on record six-way valve 12, open the first valve of gas bomb 1, by in gas insufflation gas surge tank 2, the force value that pressure transducer 23 is shown is within the scope of 0.1-0.3MPa, the flow arranging gas mass flow controller 6 is 0.1mL/min, close the 7th valve and the 9th valve of the piston container 4 holding local water and the piston container 5 holding crude oil, open the 6th valve holding the piston container 3 of foam liquid, open the 3rd valve and start ram pump 22, open the second valve of gas buffer tank 2 simultaneously, according to the gas liquid ratio of 1:1, gas and foam liquid are injected foam-making apparatus 7, the foam that generator 7 produces enters in foam hold-up vessel 8, observe foam by the view window on foam hold-up vessel 8 and generate state, when the foam generated is about to be full of foam hold-up vessel 8, open the 11 valve and start screw pump 9, be injected in core model 13 according to flow 0.2mL/min by six-way valve 12, injection pressure stable after, second manometric force value p on record six-way valve 12
2, close ram pump, the first valve, the second valve, the 3rd valve, the 6th valve and backpressure pump 11, the off-test of foam injection efficiency.Change the core model of different permeability, and repeat (1) to (3) experimental procedure, record in the core model of different permeability the stationary value p of injection pressure when injecting foam
2, in table 3.According to the experimental data that step (3) records, according to resistance factor formula:
draw the resistance factor Changing Pattern of foam in different permeability core model with the numerical evaluation in table 3, result of calculation as shown in Figure 2.
As can be seen from Figure 2, along with the increase of permeability, the resistance factor of foam increases gradually; When permeability is increased to a certain degree, resistance factor substantially no longer changes.
Tested by foam injection efficiency, establish the resistance factor Changing Pattern evaluating of the middle foam of different permeability core model foam injection efficiency test, provide guidance foundation to raising foam flooding effect and site test.
In sum, adopt the variation of core model, the optimization of foam profile device and evaluating and injection mode is set, be conducive to the foam flooding of simulating different reservoir parameter, various modes research foam flooding mechanism can be adopted.Migration, transfer drive etc. for foam in foam flooding process improve recovery mechanism research, to the oil displacement efficiency improving foam profile, for site test provides guidance foundation, are significant.
Claims (8)
1. a foam flooding evaluating apparatus, is characterized in that, comprises foam-making apparatus, liquid feed device, rock core analogue means and data acquisition system (DAS), wherein:
Described foam-making apparatus comprises the gas bomb (1), buffering gas cylinder (2), gas flow controller (6), frother (7), foam hold-up vessel (8) and the screw pump (9) that are communicated with by connecting tube successively;
Described liquid feed device comprises the piston container (3) holding foam liquid, the piston container (4) holding local water, the piston container (5) holding crude oil and ram pump (22), described ram pump (22) by connecting tube respectively with described hold foam liquid piston container (3), described in hold the piston container (4) of local water and the described inlet end holding the piston container (5) of crude oil is connected, described in hold the piston container (3) of foam liquid endpiece be connected with the liquid feeding end of described frother (7);
Described rock core analogue means comprises backpressure pump (11), core model (13), metering cylinder (15) and ring press pump (19), described core model (13) is provided with model fluid entrance, ring press pump connected entrance and model fluid outlet, described ring press pump (19) is connected with the ring press pump connected entrance of described core model (13) by connecting tube, the connecting tube in described core model (13) model fluid exit is provided with check valve (14), described backpressure pump (11) and metering cylinder (15) to be exported with the model fluid of described core model (13) by described check valve (14) and connecting tube and are connected, the connecting tube of the model fluid porch of described core model (13) is provided with a six-way valve, described six-way valve is also respectively by connecting tube and described screw pump (9) endpiece, piston container (4) endpiece holding local water is communicated with the described endpiece holding the piston container (5) of crude oil,
The gas buffer pressure tank sensor (23) that described data acquisition system (DAS) is comprised computing machine (21) and is connected with described computing machine (21) by control cables, inlet pressure transducer (20), back pressure sensor (16) and ring pressure sensor (18), described gas buffer pressure tank sensor (23) is arranged on described gas bomb (1) with on the connecting tube of described buffering gas cylinder (2), described inlet pressure transducer (20) is connected on described six-way valve (12), described back pressure sensor (16) is arranged on the connecting tube between described check valve (14) and described backpressure pump (11), described ring pressure sensor (18) is arranged on the connecting tube between described core model (13) and described ring press pump (19),
Described frother (7), described foam hold-up vessel (8), described screw pump (9), described in hold foam liquid piston container (3), described in hold local water piston container (4), described in hold the piston container (5) of crude oil, described six-way valve (12), described core model (13), described check valve (14) and described metering cylinder (15) and be all arranged in a constant temperature oven (10).
2. foam flooding evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described gas bomb (1) and the connecting tube of buffering gas cylinder (2) are provided with the first tensimeter, (12) are provided with the second tensimeter to described six-way valve, described check valve (14) and the connecting tube of backpressure pump (11) are provided with the 3rd tensimeter, the connecting tube of the described core model of described ring press pump (19) (13) are provided with the 4th tensimeter.
3. foam flooding evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described gas bomb (1) and the connecting tube of described buffering gas cylinder (2) are provided with the first valve, described buffering gas cylinder (2) and the connecting tube of described gas flow controller (6) are provided with the second valve, described ram pump (22) holds foam liquid piston container (3) with described respectively, described local water piston container (4) and the described connecting tube holding the piston container (5) of crude oil are separately installed with the 3rd valve, 4th valve and the 5th valve, the described connecting tube holding foam liquid piston container (3) and described frother (7) is provided with the 6th valve, described local water piston container (4) and the connecting tube of described six-way valve (12) are provided with the 7th valve and the 9th valve, described holding on the piston container (5) of crude oil and the connecting tube of described six-way valve (12) is provided with the 8th valve and the tenth valve, between described screw pump (9) and described six-way valve (12), connecting tube is provided with the 11 valve, connecting tube between described six-way valve (12) and described core model (13) is provided with the 12 valve, connecting tube between described ring press pump (19) and described core model (13) is provided with the 13 valve, connecting tube between described check valve (14) and described backpressure pump (11) is provided with the 15 valve, connecting tube between described check valve (14) and described metering cylinder (15) is provided with the 14 valve.
4. foam flooding evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described core model (13) is be single fill out sand tube, single rock core, single multilayer heterogeneous core, the fill out sand tube parallel connection of many different permeabilities or the glass medium model of imitative rock core structure.
5. foam flooding evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described hold-up vessel (8) is a closed tank and on tank wall, is provided with the view window for observing foam generation state.
6. foam flooding evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described metering cylinder (15) is graduated cylinder.
7. foam flooding evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, on the connecting tube between described local water piston container (4) and on the described connecting tube held between the piston container (5) of crude oil and described core model (13), be provided with double-control valve.
8. foam flooding evaluating apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described constant temperature oven is a casing and casing front and back is provided with visual transparent high temperature resistant glass door and window.
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