CN105096719A - Anisotropic two-dimensional visual sand filling model in simulation layer and two-dimensional visual seepage experimental device - Google Patents
Anisotropic two-dimensional visual sand filling model in simulation layer and two-dimensional visual seepage experimental device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anisotropic two-dimensional visual sand filling model in a simulation layer and a two-dimensional visual seepage experimental device. The two-dimensional visual sand filling model includes a bottom board and a cover board. The bottom board and the cover board are both made of transparent material. The surfaces of the bottom board and the cover board are in sealing fit and a sealing rubber pad is arranged between the bottom board and the cover board. A cavity between the sealing rubber pad and the cover board is an enclosed cavity and a cavity between the sealing rubber pad and the bottom board is a filling cavity. The bottom board is provided with three sand filling grooves in parallel. The sand filling grooves are arranged in the width direction of the bottom board. One end of the three sand filling grooves is provided with liquid inlets while the other end of the three sand filling grooves is provided with liquid outlets. According to the invention, the two-dimensional visual seepage experimental device includes a pressure providing module, a pressure data collecting module, an image collecting module, an injection module, the two-dimensional visual sand filling model and a metering module. When using the model and the experimental device provided by the invention, core sandstone particles or quartz sand particles of different particle sizes are put into the sand filling grooves, so that permeability difference is formed among different layers. Therefore, different anisotropic oil deposit can be simulated by different sand filling combinations.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental provision for simulating fluid seepage flow in oil reservoir, being specifically related to a kind of two dimensional visible sand-packed model and two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of simulating in-layer heterogeneity.
Background technology
The core of reservoir study and reservoir heterogeneity.Reservoir Journal of Sex Research is exploration of oil and gas field and important element task in exploitation geological research, when during current domestic many oil fields enter all-high water-cut stage and when falling term, the research seems particularly important.Reservoir heterogeneity makes water drive or chemical flooding sweep efficiency reduce, thus causes ultimate recovery factor lower, causes water filling or injecting inefficient cycle.Therefore, understand oil displacement efficiency and the percolation law of water drive or chemical flooding in heterogeneous reservoir, for the research and development of chemical oil displacement agent, evaluation and screening, improving oil recovery factor further provides theoretical foundation.
The nonuniformity research of reservoir mainly comprises heterogeneous body research in interlayer and layer.The research of heterogeneity is comparatively simple, and many employing rock cores or sandpipe parallel connection, injection-production method and metering all easily realize.In layer, heterogeneous research is less, and subject matter is the model lacking heterogeneous body situation in convenient analog layer.Current method has: 1. suppressed by the rock core of different permeability and form one piece of heterogeneous core with epoxide-resin glue, shortcoming is can not direct vision, cannot simulated formation burden pressure, can not stratified stoichiometric be realized, the oil displacement efficiency change of multilayer core model entirety can only be measured; 2. the rock core of different permeability is suppressed and carry out displacement test in multiple-lay core gripper, in the multiple-lay core gripper that some are special, simulation oil field can be realized and close heterogeneous body water displacing oil Changing Pattern in note separate zone production middle level, but cannot visualization problem be solved, directly can not observe the seepage flow situation of change of fluid in layer in non-homogeneous porous medium.Another kind of displacement test solution to model thinking of determining adopts visual dull and stereotyped burning into sand model or glass etching model, solve visualization problem, but because the dull and stereotyped burning into sand difficulty of nonuniformity is large, glass etch technique requires high, lacks the visual dull and stereotyped sand-packed model and glass etching model that are used for in-layer heterogeneity research at present.
Above experimental provision all closes note conjunction for simulation oil field well pattern and adopts, closes and note point point-to-point injection-production relation adopted, and after long-term waterflooding, immediate vicinity of wellbore oil-containing is less, remaining oil is mainly distributed in the area that oil deposit deep part and nonuniformity are relatively given prominence to, so need exploitation a kind of for the two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of imitation oil displacement experiment system at in-layer heterogeneity earth formation deep seepage flow.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of two dimensional visible sand-packed model and two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of simulating in-layer heterogeneity, this experimental provision can heterogeneous body situation and true formation overburden pressure in simulation layer, and by high-definition camera Real-time Collection transmitting image and data to computing machine, intuitively dynamically can observe oil displacement system seepage flow situation of change in a model, accurately the sweep efficiency difference of the different oil displacement system of reflection.
First the present invention provides a kind of two dimensional visible sand-packed model of simulating in-layer heterogeneity, it comprises a base plate and a cover plate, described base plate and described cover plate are made by transparent material, described base plate coordinates with the face seal of described cover plate, and be provided with a seal gasket between described base plate and described cover plate, cavity between described seal gasket and described cover plate is confined pressure chamber, and the cavity between described seal gasket and described base plate is for fill chamber;
Described base plate be arranged in parallel 3 back-up sand grooves, and described back-up sand groove arranges along the Width of described base plate; One end of described back-up sand groove is provided with inlet, and the other end is provided with liquid outlet.
In above-mentioned two dimensional visible sand-packed model, the rock core sandstone particle of different-grain diameter or silica sand can be inserted as required to form the in-layer heterogeneity sand-packed model of the different permeability combination of simulation in described back-up sand groove.
In above-mentioned two dimensional visible sand-packed model, fluid passage is provided with between adjacent described back-up sand groove, described fluid passage can ensure fluid communication between the pervious course that formed in described back-up sand groove and can not cause the migration of sand, heterogeneous body situation in the layer can simulating actual reservoir.
In above-mentioned two dimensional visible sand-packed model, described base plate is provided with a diversion trench in the inlet end of described back-up sand groove; Evenly fluid passage is carved with between described diversion trench and described back-up sand groove;
Described inlet is connected with described diversion trench; Described diversion trench can ensure that oil displacement system advances along the cross-sectional uniformity of the pervious course formed in described back-up sand groove, and accurate simulation oil displacement system is in the seepage flow situation of earth formation deep.
In above-mentioned two dimensional visible sand-packed model, one end of each described back-up sand groove is equipped with liquid outlet described in, and described liquid outlet is parallel with the length direction of described back-up sand groove, the described liquid outlet of above-mentioned setting can make the displacing fluid flowing through the pervious course formed in described back-up sand groove flow out from different outlets respectively, realize layering to measure, accurately can react different oil displacement system Changing Pattern of seepage flow in non-homogeneous model in layer.
In above-mentioned two dimensional visible sand-packed model, described diversion trench is provided with a washing lotion outlet, and when alter least-squares fluid, the Valved discharge can opening the outlet of described washing lotion rinses liquid unnecessary in described diversion trench.
In above-mentioned two dimensional visible sand-packed model, described cover plate is provided with a pressurization mouth, and described pressurization mouth is connected with described confined pressure chamber, and described pressurization mouth is used for applying confined pressure to described confined pressure chamber.
In above-mentioned two dimensional visible sand-packed model, described base plate and described cover plate specifically can be made up of PMMA; O-ring seal is provided with, to strengthen sealing between the two between described base plate and described cover plate.
Invention further provides a kind of two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of simulating in-layer heterogeneity, it comprises for die block, pressure data acquisition module, image capture module, injection module, described two dimensional visible sand-packed model and metering module;
The described die block that supplies comprises air compressor machine and is attached thereto several logical gas cylinders I;
Described injection module comprises several fluid reservoirs or establishes graduated pipeline, and the inlet end of described fluid reservoir or described pipeline is connected with described gas cylinder I, and its endpiece is connected with inlet described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model;
Described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model, liquid outlet is connected with described metering module;
The computing machine that pressure data acquisition module comprises several pressure transducers and is attached thereto, the endpiece of described gas cylinder I is located at by described pressure transducer;
Described image capture module comprises high-definition camera, LED light source and computing machine, and described high-definition camera is connected with described computing machine; Described LED light source is located at the below of base plate described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model, and described high-definition camera is located at the top of cover plate described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model.
In two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of the present invention, described two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus also comprises one and covers die block, the described die block that covers comprises a gas cylinder II, and described gas cylinder II is connected with confined pressure mouth described in the visual sand-packed model of described dimension with described gas cylinder I respectively.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) in each back-up sand groove, insert the rock core sandstone particle of different-grain diameter or silica sand form permeability contrast between each layer, different back-up sand combination can be carried out as required to simulate multiple heterogeneous reservoir;
(2) fluid passage be located between back-up sand groove can ensure fluid communication between each pervious course and can not cause the migration of sand, heterogeneous body situation (as Fig. 4) in the layer can simulating actual reservoir;
(3) adopt O-ring seal and the additional confined pressure of seal gasket (air pressure), simulated formation burden pressure, complete homogeneous (leading displacement edge advances evenly, as Fig. 4) can be realized;
(4) sample introduction diversion trench can ensure that oil displacement system advances at each pervious course cross-sectional uniformity, and imitation oil displacement experiment system is in the seepage flow situation of earth formation deep;
(5) PMMA panel light transmission rate is high, intuitively dynamically can observe the seepage flow Changing Pattern of oil displacement system in in-layer heterogeneity sand-packed model, is convenient to record leading displacement edge progradation;
(6) displacing fluid that can make to flow through each pervious course flows out from different outlets respectively, realizes layering and measures, and accurately can react different oil displacement system Changing Pattern of seepage flow in non-homogeneous model in layer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the side view that the present invention simulates the two dimensional visible sand-packed model of in-layer heterogeneity.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view that the present invention simulates the two dimensional visible sand-packed model base plate of in-layer heterogeneity.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the present invention simulates the two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of in-layer heterogeneity.
Fig. 4 is that fluid simulates the process schematic of seepage flow in the two dimensional visible sand-packed model of in-layer heterogeneity in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is different oil displacement system model oleaginous saturation degree decline contrast (0.3PV).
In figure, each mark is as follows:
A covers die block, F two dimensional visible sand-packed model, G metering module, 1 base plate, 2 cover plates, 3 pressurization mouths, 4 O-ring seals, 5 seal gaskets, 6 confined pressure chambeies, 7 filling chambeies, 8 threaded holes, 9 inlets, 10 washing lotion outlets, 11 liquid outlets, 12 back-up sand grooves, 13 fluid passages, 14 diversion trenchs for die block, B pressure data acquisition module, C image capture module, D injection module, E.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, be the two dimensional visible sand-packed model of simulation in-layer heterogeneity provided by the invention, it comprises base plate 1 and cover plate 2, is rectangular PMMA panel.Base plate 1 and cover plate 2 coordinate (threaded hole 8 is located on base plate 1) by bolt seal.In order to make both be sealed and matched, between base plate 1 and panel 2, be provided with O-ring seal 4.
As shown in Figure 1, between base plate 1 and cover plate 2, be provided with a seal gasket 5, between sealing rubber cushion 5 and cover plate 2, form a confined pressure chamber 6, form one between sealing rubber cushion 5 and base plate 1 and fill chamber 7, can be used for filling rock core sandstone particle or silica sand.
As shown in Figure 2, base plate 1 is provided with 3 rectangle back-up sand grooves 12 be arranged in parallel, and is provided with evenly fine and closely woven fluid passage 13 between 3 back-up sand grooves 12, fluid communication between the pervious course that formed in back-up sand groove can be ensured and the migration of sand can not be caused.A diversion trench 14 is provided with in one end of back-up sand groove 12, and be also connected by fluid passage between diversion trench 14 with back-up sand groove 12, can ensure that oil displacement system advances along the cross-sectional uniformity of the pervious course formed in back-up sand groove, accurate simulation oil displacement system is in the seepage flow situation of earth formation deep.The sidewall of diversion trench 14 is provided with 3 inlets 9, an end away from the back-up sand groove 12 of diversion trench 14 is provided with liquid outlet 11, and be equipped with a corresponding liquid outlet at the end of each back-up sand groove 12, liquid outlet 11 is parallel with the length direction of back-up sand groove 12, the displacing fluid flowing through the pervious course formed in back-up sand groove can be made like this to flow out from different outlets respectively, realize layering to measure, accurately can react different oil displacement system Changing Pattern of seepage flow in non-homogeneous model in layer.
As shown in Figure 2, the sidewall of diversion trench is provided with a washing lotion outlet 10, when alter least-squares fluid, the Valved discharge can opening washing lotion outlet 10 rinses liquid unnecessary in diversion trench 14.As shown in Figure 1, cover plate 2 is provided with a pressurization mouth 3, and this pressurization mouth 3 is connected with confined pressure chamber 6, for applying confined pressure to described confined pressure chamber.
As shown in Figure 3, for the two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of simulation in-layer heterogeneity provided by the invention, it comprises voltage supply modules A, pressure data acquisition module B, image capture module C, injection module D, covers die block E, two dimensional visible sand-packed model F and metering module G.
Voltage supply modules A is by an air compressor machine and be attached thereto logical gas cylinder I (not marking in figure), the high pressure that air compressor machine provides reduction valve on gas cylinder I controls to obtain different pressure, power is provided, pressure control range: 0 ~ 6MPa, flow rates: 0 ~ 20m/d for fluid injects.
Injection module D comprises fluid reservoir (not marking in figure), the inlet end of this fluid reservoir is connected with gas cylinder I, its endpiece is connected with the inlet 9 in two dimensional visible sand-packed model provided by the invention, and the liquid outlet 11 in two dimensional visible sand-packed model is connected with metering module G; Metering module G can measure the fluid situation of each pervious course respectively, as water breakthrough period, point liquid measure and accumulative produce oil/Liquid output etc.
Pressure data acquisition module B comprises pressure transducer and the computing machine (not marking in figure) that is attached thereto, and the endpiece of gas cylinder I is located at by pressure transducer, can the force value of each gas cylinder I of Real-Time Monitoring outlet.
Image capture module C comprises high-definition camera, LED light source and computing machine (not marking in figure), and wherein high-definition camera is connected with computing machine; LED light source is located in two dimensional visible sand-packed model immediately below base plate 1, and high-definition camera is located at directly over two dimensional visible sand-packed model cover plate 2, can the seepage flow image of Real-time Collection fluid in sand-packed model, oil saturation change in monitoring sand-packed model.
Cover the gas cylinder II that die block E comprises band reduction valve, gas cylinder II is connected with confined pressure mouth 3 in two dimensional visible sand-packed model with gas cylinder I respectively, can be the dimension pressure that sand-packed model provides different size, simulated formation burden pressure, voltage supply scope: 0 ~ 10MPa.
When using two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of the present invention, except image capture module C, other module is connected by the stainless steel pipeline or flexible pipe that can bear certain pressure.
When testing the two dimensional visible sand-packed model permeability of in-layer heterogeneity with two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of the present invention, can carry out according to following step:
The silica sand of different-grain diameter is filled respectively: silica sand used is 60 ~ 80 orders, 160 ~ 180 orders and >220 object three kinds of particle diameter silica sands in 3 back-up sand grooves 12 of the two dimensional visible sand-packed model of in-layer heterogeneity.
Strike off compacting after often filling out one deck sand, until fill back-up sand groove 12, cover seal gasket 5, O-ring seal 4 and cover plate 2, tighten fixed screw, add confined pressure 1MPa, according to the experimental provision that has been linked in sequence shown in Fig. 3.
Simulated formation mineralized water, salinity is 9374.13mg/L.
Open voltage supply modules A and injection module D, with the driving pressure of 15KPa saturated target reservoir stratum mineralized water, can survey the permeability of each pervious course in model, the process schematic of seepage flow as shown in Figure 4.
By three repeated experiment checkings, the permeability of each pervious course of sand-packed model has good permeability reappearance and stability, and permeability error is less than 10%, and design parameter is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 basic, normal, high pervious course permeability assay
When carrying out the two dimensional visible Seepage Experiment of in-layer heterogeneity with two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of the present invention, can carry out according to following step:
1, experiment condition
(1) experiment oil displacement system: two kinds of oil displacement systems with differences in rheology are chosen in experiment, be respectively AP-P4 solution (the AP-P4 hydrophobic associated polymer dry powder that concentration is 500mg/L, solid content is 90%, relative molecular weight is 9,780,000, light Asia, Sichuan provides) and the glycerine of 70% (molecular weight is 92.09, analyze pure, Chengdu Ke Long chemical reagent factory).Adopt the CP75 cone-plate system of MCR301 flow graph (German Antonpaar) to carry out shearing rate scan test (probe temperature is 25 DEG C) to testing sample, above rheological experimental analysis finds, is 25.2s in shear rate
-1time, the viscosity approximately equal of two kinds of oil displacement systems, design parameter is as shown in table 2.
The parameter of table 2AP-P4 and glycerine
(2) empirical model: in the two dimensional visible sand-packed model of in-layer heterogeneity, the permeability of 3 pervious courses is respectively 1.08 μm
2, 2.30 μm
2with 4.30 μm
2, each back-up sand groove 12 length, width and height are 100 × 20 × 2mm;
(3) experimental water: simulated formation mineralized water, salinity is 9374.13mg/L;
(4) experiment oil: Bohai Sea SZ36-1 crude oil and aviation kerosene 7:2 mixed preparing by volume, viscosity is 70mpa.s;
2, experimental procedure
(1) the two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus of in-layer heterogeneity shown in Fig. 3 is used, with the driving pressure of 15KPa saturated stratum mineralized water, then with the simulated oil that the saturated viscosity of the driving pressure of 30KPa is 70mpa.s;
(2) controlling the shear rate of oil displacement system in two dimensional visible sand-packed model is 25.2s
-1, according to the AP-P4 solution parameter of two dimensional visible sand-packed model and 500mg/L, calculate the injection flow of the AP-P4 fluid flow experiment of 500mg/L with formula (a);
In above-mentioned formula (a): Q---inject flow, ml/s;
N---power law index, dimensionless;
γ---shear rate, s
-1;
A---cross-sectional area, cm
2;
K---model mean permeability, 1 × 10
-6μm
2;
---model factor of porosity, %;
(3) the AP-P4 fluid flow experiment of 500mg/L is carried out with the injection flow calculated, utilize image capture module C to gather the picture pixels point monochrome information of picture and each pervious course every 30 seconds simultaneously, and according to the statistics of the pixel number collected and corresponding color range value, calculate pervious course brightness and increase number percent, obtain the oil saturation change in back-up sand groove 12, the situation of change of record fluid leading displacement edge;
(4) terminate experiment when oil saturation change tends towards stability in model, injected slurry volume is no less than 0.6PV;
(5) experimental procedure (1) is repeated, equally with shear rate 25.2s
-1be as the criterion, according to two dimensional visible sand-packed model and 70% glycerine parameter, calculate the injection flow of the glycerine Seepage Experiment of 70% with formula (a);
(6) Seepage Experiment of the glycerine of 70% is carried out with the injection flow calculated, utilize image capture module C to gather the picture pixels point monochrome information of picture and each pervious course every 30 seconds simultaneously, and according to the statistics of the pixel number collected and color range value, calculate pervious course brightness and increase number percent, obtain the oil saturation change of each pervious course in back-up sand groove 12, the situation of change (i.e. leading displacement edge position in a model) of record fluid leading displacement edge;
(7) terminate experiment when oil saturation change tends towards stability in two dimensional visible sand-packed model, injected slurry volume is no less than 0.6PV.
When above-mentioned AP-P4 and glycerine two kinds of oil displacement system Seepage Experiments, in two dimensional visible sand-packed model, oil saturation result of variations is as shown in table 3.
Different oil displacement system model oleaginous saturation degree declines contrast (0.3PV) as shown in Figure 5.
Table 3 oil saturation decline analysis result
In table 3, the low oily petition of surrender shows the ratio that in low permeability layer, oil saturation declines, and the middle oily petition of surrender shows the ratio that in middle pervious course, oil saturation declines, and the high oily petition of surrender shows the ratio that in most permeable zone, oil saturation declines;
Height represents the difference of most permeable zone oil saturation down ratio between low permeability layer, in the difference of pervious course oil saturation down ratio between low permeability layer in low expression;
Spread represents the change difference of oil saturation before and after Seepage Experiment.
By directly dynamically observing the position of leading displacement edge in two dimensional visible sand-packed model of oil displacement system, just arriving outlet for terminal with most permeable zone fluid displacement leading edge, record and calculate 2 kinds of oil displacement systems volumetric sweep efficiency in a model, as shown in table 4.
Table 4 nonuniformity sand-packed model sweep efficiency
Can be learnt by the data in above-mentioned table 3 and table 4, the non-Newtonianism of oil displacement system affects the sweep efficiency of oil reservoir, shows as power-law exponent less, and oil displacement system is higher to heterogeneous reservoir sweep efficiency in layer.
Claims (8)
1. simulate the two dimensional visible sand-packed model of in-layer heterogeneity for one kind, it is characterized in that: described two dimensional visible sand-packed model comprises a base plate and a cover plate, described base plate and described cover plate are made by transparent material, described base plate coordinates with the face seal of described cover plate, and be provided with a seal gasket between described base plate and described cover plate, cavity between described seal gasket and described cover plate is confined pressure chamber, and the cavity between described seal gasket and described base plate is for fill chamber;
Described base plate be arranged in parallel 3 back-up sand grooves, and described back-up sand groove arranges along the Width of described base plate; One end of described back-up sand groove is provided with inlet, and the other end is provided with liquid outlet.
2. two dimensional visible sand-packed model according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be provided with fluid passage between adjacent described back-up sand groove.
3. two dimensional visible sand-packed model according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described base plate is provided with a diversion trench in the inlet end of described back-up sand groove; Evenly fluid passage is scribed between described diversion trench and described back-up sand groove;
Described inlet is connected with described diversion trench.
4. the two dimensional visible sand-packed model according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: one end of each described back-up sand groove is equipped with liquid outlet described in, and described liquid outlet is parallel with the length direction of described back-up sand groove.
5. the two dimensional visible sand-packed model according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that: described diversion trench is provided with a washing lotion outlet.
6. the two dimensional visible sand-packed model according to any one of claim 1-5, is characterized in that: described cover plate is provided with a pressurization mouth, and described pressurization mouth is connected with described confined pressure chamber.
7. simulate a two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus for in-layer heterogeneity, it is characterized in that: described two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus comprises two dimensional visible sand-packed model and metering module according to any one of confession die block, pressure data acquisition module, image capture module, injection module, claim 1-6;
The described die block that supplies comprises air compressor machine and is attached thereto several logical gas cylinders I;
Described injection module comprises several fluid reservoirs or establishes graduated pipeline, and the inlet end of described fluid reservoir or described pipeline is connected with described gas cylinder I, and its endpiece is connected with inlet described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model;
Described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model, liquid outlet is connected with described metering module;
The computing machine that pressure data acquisition module comprises several pressure transducers and is attached thereto, the endpiece of described gas cylinder I is located at by described pressure transducer;
Described image capture module comprises high-definition camera, LED light source and computing machine, and described high-definition camera is connected with described computing machine; Described LED light source is located at the below of base plate described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model, and described high-definition camera is located at the top of cover plate described in described two dimensional visible sand-packed model.
8. two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described two dimensional visible seepage experimental apparatus also comprises one and covers die block, the described die block that covers comprises a gas cylinder II, and described gas cylinder II is connected with confined pressure mouth described in the visual sand-packed model of described dimension with described gas cylinder I respectively.
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