CN104196503A - Visual water displacing oil physical model of fractured reservoir and physical simulation experiment device - Google Patents
Visual water displacing oil physical model of fractured reservoir and physical simulation experiment device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a visual water displacing oil physical model of a fractured reservoir and a physical simulation experiment device. The visual water displacing oil physical model of the fractured reservoir comprises a base body (10). Fractures of three levels are formed in the surface of the base body (10) and comprise the large-level fracture (11), the middle-level fracture (12) and the small-level fracture (13). The visual water displacing oil physical model of the fractured reservoir and the physical simulation experiment device can be used for visual water displacing oil physical simulation experiments of the complex fractured reservoir, oil and water motion modes and the recovery ratios and the moisture contents at different stages in a fracture system can be studied, the complex structural well confluence interference and water logging rule of the complex fractured reservoir can be studied, and therefore the theoretical basis and the technical support can be provided for water-flooding extraction of the complex fractured reservoir.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum production engineering field, concrete is the visual water drive oil physical model of a kind of fractured reservoir, or the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of a kind of fractured reservoir.
Background technology
Fractured reservoir has become the important Oil Reservoir Types of China, and reserves and output are all occupied certain proportion.Fractured reservoir because of its complicated structure more more complicated than the exploitation of non-Fractured Reservoir, such oil reservoir has stronger non-homogeneity and complicated oil water relation.In order to improve development effectiveness, be necessary that deep research is carried out in the exploitation of fracture type reservoir, prioritization scheme, to improve output.
Crack is to the existing disadvantageous one side of oil field development, favourable one side again.Favourable aspect shows that it can increase fuel-displaced ability and the water absorbing capacity of oil reservoir; Disadvantageous aspect shows that crack provides preferential path, thereby seriously reduces the sweep efficiency of injected water, and in addition, some Research of Insulating Layer Fractures buds into sensitiveness interlayer, and the water inlet of sensitiveness interlayer causes bypass water breakthrough, causes water filling waste etc.If the understanding deficiency of fracture, hole pattern does not mate with fractue spacing, also may cause the water logging of sudden and violent property, and this is the lesson having had in fractured reservoir recovery process.So the percolation law of research fracture-type reservoir, contributes to be familiar with crack effect under development, and correctly utilizes it, to improve development effectiveness and the economic benefit of fractured reservoirs.Therefore,, for this type of oil field of Efficient Development, conscientiously strengthening, on the basis of reservoir geology research, must, for the feature of fracture development, furtheing investigate the seepage flow characteristics of this class oil reservoir.
" special reservoirs " the 3rd phase in 2011, introduced a kind of " the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of fractured reservoir large scale " for the 109th page to 111 pages, this analogue experiment installation has designed and produced 2 groups of large scale Visualization Model of not filling of crack and filling form.This model uses natural core plate manually to extrude fracture network, utilizes 2 poly (methyl methacrylate) plate sealings to form two-dimentional fracture network physical model.At model upper design injection-production well row, simulation producing well and water injection well.At model bottom design row of water injector simulation end water; Filling crack large scale Visualization Model is used poly (methyl methacrylate) plate acid etching to form crack, and uses quartz sand filling therein, and simulating oil deposit fracture network exists the situation of different fillings.
Manually extrude fracture network because this model uses natural core plate, utilize 2 poly (methyl methacrylate) plate sealings to form two-dimentional fracture network physical model, so this device has following shortcoming:
1, the form in crack and size are all uncontrollable;
2, between natural core plate and poly (methyl methacrylate) plate, may form water breakthrough because of sealing problem.
Fractured reservoirs: oil gas is assembled and the oil-gas reservoir that forms in Fractured trap, is called fractured reservoirs.
Water drive oil: according to plan to reservoir flooding water, make the crude oil in oil reservoir obtain enough energy by producing well extraction by water injection well.
Physical analogy: the method for chamber physical simulation experiment actual physical process by experiment.
Water breakthrough: between hole in oil reservoir, crack, water is more oily while easily flowing, and water forms advantage passage, and oil does not flow or is difficult to and flows.
Summary of the invention
Differ larger problem in order to solve the crack of existing physical model and the crack of actual fractured reservoir.The invention provides the visual water drive oil physical model of a kind of fractured reservoir and physical simulation experiment device, the present invention concludes and has summed up dissimilar intrinsic fracture according to actual intrinsic fracture oil reservoir, determine the relation in leading crack and all the other cracks, autonomous Design intrinsic fracture network, the crack of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir more approaches actual reservoir fractures, and simulate effect approaches true fractured reservoirs more.
The present invention is that the technical scheme that solves its technical problem employing is: the visual water drive oil physical model of a kind of fractured reservoir, comprise matrix, the surface of matrix is provided with the crack of three ranks, the crack of three ranks is respectively large level crack, middle rank crack and little rank crack, and the width in large level crack is more than or equal to 1mm and is less than or equal to 5mm; The width in middle rank crack is more than or equal to 0.3mm and is less than 1mm; The width in little rank crack is more than or equal to 0.01mm and is less than 0.3mm, the ratio of the quantity in the quantity in large level crack and middle rank crack is 1:1.3～4, the ratio of the quantity in the quantity in middle rank crack and little rank crack is 1.3～4:12.6～19, little rank crack is communicated with large level crack and/or middle rank crack, in this surface of matrix, is also provided with Simulated Water horizontal well and waterflood path.
The whole surface of matrix is run through in large level crack.
The whole surface of matrix is run through in middle rank crack.
The surface of matrix is provided with at least 2 large level cracks, and linearly, intersect in every 2 large level cracks in large level crack.
The surface of matrix is provided with at least 3 middle rank cracks, and linearly, intersect between two in middle rank crack in middle rank crack.
Each large level crack is at least crossing with two middle rank cracks, and each large level crack is at least parallel with rank crack in two other.
Matrix is rectangle transparent plexiglass plate, the crack of these three ranks and Simulated Water horizontal well are arranged on the upper surface of matrix, waterflood path is located at the edge of the upper surface of matrix, and the two ends of waterflood path are equipped with injection catheter interface, and the end of Simulated Water horizontal well is provided with fluid catheter interface.
The visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of a kind of fractured reservoir, contain the visual water drive oil physical model of above-mentioned fractured reservoir, on this surface of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir, be coated with transparent panel, the edge of matrix and this transparent panel is tightly connected by metal frame, and the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of described fractured reservoir also contains constant flow pump, vacuum pump, bucket, oil-water separation metering device and simulated oil container; Constant flow pump is communicated with the waterflood path of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir by pipeline, bucket and vacuum pump are communicated with the waterflood path of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir by pipeline, and oil-water separation metering device and simulated oil container are communicated with the Simulated Water horizontal well of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir by pipeline.
Oil-water separation metering device and simulated oil container are arranged in parallel, and the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of described fractured reservoir is also containing being useful on the camera head that records experimentation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the crack of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir more approaches actual reservoir fractures, and simulate effect approaches true fractured reservoirs more, be especially applicable to Simulation of Complex fractured reservoir.The present invention can be used for the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment of complex fracture oil reservoir, oil-water movement mode and different phase recovery ratio and moisture content in research Fracture System, complex structural well in research complex fracture oil reservoir confluxes and disturbs and rule of waterflooding, for complex fracture reservoir waterflooding provides theoretical foundation and technical support.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir of the present invention and physical simulation experiment device are described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the visual water drive oil physical model simulation of fractured reservoir homonymy two Multilateral Wells.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the visual water drive oil physical model simulation of fractured reservoir heteropleural two Multilateral Wells.
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir Simulated Water horizontal well.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the visual water drive oil physical model simulation of fractured reservoir pressure break horizontal well.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of fractured reservoir.
Wherein 10. matrixes, 11. large level cracks, in 12. rank crack, 13. little rank cracks, 14. Simulated Water horizontal wells, 15. waterflood paths, 16. injection catheter interfaces, 17. fluid catheter interfaces, 18. artificial fracturing cracks;
21. constant flow pumps, 22. vacuum pumps, 23. valves, 24. pressure meters, 25. valves, the visual water drive oil physical model of 26. fractured reservoir, 27. camera heads, 28. valves, 29. valves, 30. oil-water separation metering devices, 31. simulated oil containers, 32. valves, 33. pressure meters, 34. buckets, 35. valves.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir of the present invention is described in further detail.
Actual complex fractured reservoir has complexity, and intrinsic fracture network design need to, by observing oil field complex fracture acid carbonate rock outcrop area fracture pattern and distribution, observe and describe outcrop area, sets up based on this fracture network model of analogous outcrop.Comprising the trend in crack, the density in crack and width, whether the filling in crack to be, also crannied inclination angle etc.In formulating fracture network design, crack rank is most important Consideration, is divided into three crack ranks: large, medium and small.
Concrete, the visual water drive oil physical model of described fractured reservoir comprises matrix 10, the surface of matrix 10 is provided with the crack of three ranks, the crack of three ranks is respectively large level crack 11, middle rank crack 12 and little rank crack 13, and the width in large level crack 11 is more than or equal to 1mm and is less than or equal to 5mm, the width in middle rank crack 12 is more than or equal to 0.3mm and is less than 1mm, the width in little rank crack 13 is more than or equal to 0.01mm and is less than 0.3mm, the quantity in large level crack 11, the ratio of the quantity in the quantity in middle rank crack 12 and little rank crack 13 is 1:1.3～4:12.6～19, it (is that little rank crack 13 is communicated with large level crack 11 that little rank crack 13 is communicated with large level crack 11 and/or middle rank crack 12, or little rank crack 13 is communicated with middle rank crack 12, or little rank crack 13 is communicated with large level crack 11 and middle rank crack 12), in this surface of matrix 10, be also provided with Simulated Water horizontal well 14 and waterflood path 15, as shown in Figures 1 to 4.Waterflood path 15 is arranged on one end of Simulated Water horizontal well 14, and Simulated Water horizontal well 14 is communicated with one in large level crack 11, middle rank crack 12 and little rank crack 13 or two kinds or three kinds.
Crack, Simulated Water horizontal well 14 and the waterflood path 15 of three ranks is all arranged on the surface groove of matrix 10.The whole surface of matrix 10 is run through in large level crack 11.The whole surface of matrix 10 is run through in middle rank crack 12.The position in little rank crack 13 is uniformly distributed immediately.
The surface of matrix 10 is provided with at least 2 large level cracks 11, and linearly, intersect in every 2 large level cracks 11 in large level crack 11.The surface of matrix 10 is provided with at least 3 middle rank cracks 12, and linearly, intersect between two in middle rank crack 12 in middle rank crack 12.
Each large level crack 11 is at least crossing with two middle rank cracks 12, and each large level crack 11 is at least parallel with rank crack 12 in two other.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the parameter of the visual water drive oil physical model of described fractured reservoir is in table 1.
Table 1
| Matrix | Long (mm) | Wide (mm) | High (mm) |
| ? | 600 | 400 | 13.5 |
| Crack rank | Waterflood path (mm) | Simulated Water horizontal well (mm) | Gap (mm) |
| ? | 4 | 1.5 | 0.2 |
In Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the parameter of the visual water drive oil physical model of described fractured reservoir is in table 2.
Table 2
| Matrix | Long (mm) | Wide (mm) | High (mm) |
| ? | 600 | 400 | 13.5 |
| Crack rank | Waterflood path (mm) | Simulated Water horizontal well (mm) | Gap (mm) |
| ? | 4 | 2 | 0.2 |
In Fig. 4, black color dots line line is artificial fracturing fracture 18, stitches wide 1.5mm.
In Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the seam in large level crack 11 is wide is 1mm; The seam in middle rank crack 12 is wide is 0.5mm; The seam in little rank crack 13 is wide is 0.2mm.Fracture spacing: in heteropleural two Multilateral Wells, horizontal well and pressure break Model of Horizontal Well, the ratio of large, medium and small Number of Fractures is 1:3:19 (being shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4); In homonymy two branch well model, the ratio of large, medium and small Number of Fractures is 3:4:38 (being shown in Fig. 1).
The present invention utilizes laser incising seam technology, on acrylic glass plate, accurately carves seam according to design scheme, and the I of flaw size reaches 0.1mm, can more accurately simulate each rank crack.Position, Simulated Water horizontal well 14 and the waterflood path 15 in large level crack 11, middle rank crack 12, little rank crack 13 is all first manually to draw planar figure according to above-mentioned standard on computers at computer, again by the picture of artificial drafting as shown in Figures 1 to 4 (as JPG form) input laser engraving machine, by the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir described in laser engraving machine carve.
Matrix 10 is rectangle transparent plexiglass plate, the crack of these three ranks and Simulated Water horizontal well 14 are arranged on the upper surface of matrix 10, waterflood path 15 is located at the edge of the upper surface of matrix 10, the two ends of waterflood path 15 are equipped with injection catheter interface 16, and the end of Simulated Water horizontal well 14 is provided with fluid catheter interface 17.Injection catheter interface 16 and fluid catheter interface 17 can be the through hole through matrix 10.
The visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of a kind of fractured reservoir, contain the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of above-mentioned fractured reservoir, on this surface of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of this fractured reservoir, be coated with transparent panel, the edge of matrix 10 and this transparent panel is tightly connected by metal frame and seal, and the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of described fractured reservoir also contains constant flow pump 21, vacuum pump 22, bucket 34, oil-water separation metering device 30 and simulated oil container 31; Constant flow pump 21 is communicated with the waterflood path 15 of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of this fractured reservoir by pipeline, bucket 34 and vacuum pump 22 are communicated with the waterflood path 15 of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of this fractured reservoir by pipeline, oil-water separation metering device 30 and simulated oil container 31 are communicated with the Simulated Water horizontal well 14 of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of this fractured reservoir by pipeline, as shown in Figure 5.
Concrete, constant flow pump 21 is communicated with the injection catheter interface 16 of waterflood path 15 one end of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of this fractured reservoir by pipeline, bucket 34 and vacuum pump 22 are communicated with the injection catheter interface 16 of waterflood path 15 other ends of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of this fractured reservoir by pipeline, and oil-water separation metering device 30 and simulated oil container 31 are communicated with the fluid catheter interface 17 of the Simulated Water horizontal well 14 of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of this fractured reservoir by pipeline.Oil-water separation metering device 30 and simulated oil container 31 are arranged in parallel, and the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of described fractured reservoir is also containing being useful on the camera head 27 that records experimentation.
The using method of the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of this fractured reservoir is as follows:
Step 1. utilizes camera head 7 to take pictures, and records fractured reservoir physical analogy model 26 original states.
Before step 2. experiment starts, with constant-flux pump 11, water is injected to the fracture spaces of the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of fractured reservoir, the total injected water volume of accurate-metering and the extraction water yield, after the hole in the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of fractured reservoir is full of by water completely, the difference of the two is storage hydrocarbon voids volume.
Step 3. utilizes the visual water drive oil physical model 26 of vacuum pump 22 fracture type reservoir to vacuumize.While vacuumizing, first valve-off 28, valve 29 and valve 32, open valve 23 and valve 25, then opens vacuum pump 22 and vacuumize, and is-when 0.1MPa, close vacuum pump 22, valve 23 and valve 25 when pressure meter 24 shows pressure.
Step 4. exhausts after vacuum, and valve 29 is closed, and opens valve 28, utilizes the negative pressure saturation simulation oil that vacuumizes acquisition, and this process is slower.Record simulated oil viscosity.Valve-off 28 after saturated.
Step 5. utilizes camera head 27 by visual water drive oil physical model 26 Taking Pictures recordings of fractured reservoir after saturation simulation oil.
Step 6. is opened valve 29,32,35, utilizes constant flow pump 21 to inject pure water with a certain constant flow rate or a certain constant pressure, and viscosity is 1mPas, and water is dyed redness and is convenient to observe.
Step 7. utilizes camera head 27 to carry out whole process video recording and sectional drawing to displacement process, records volume and the oil-water ratio of production fluid in this process every 10 minutes with graduated cylinder, in the time that oil-water ratio exceedes 98%, closes constant flow pump 21 and finishes experiment.
Step 8. is analyzed experiment gained image and data, calculates corresponding moisture content and recovery percent of reserves, reaches a conclusion.
Step 9. repeats experimental procedure 2 to 8.
The physical parameter (as moisture content) that described in the application, the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir measures is compared with true rock, its measurement result is comparatively approaching, illustrate that the crack of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir more approaches actual reservoir fractures described in the application, can be good at Reality simulation fractured reservoirs.
The above, be only specific embodiments of the invention, can not limit the scope that invention is implemented with it, thus the displacement of its equivalent assemblies, or equivalent variations and the modification done according to scope of patent protection of the present invention, all should still belong to the category that this patent is contained.Between technical scheme and technical scheme, all can use by independent assortment in addition, between the technical characterictic and technical characterictic in the present invention, between technical characterictic and technical scheme.
Claims (9)
1. the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir, it is characterized in that, the visual water drive oil physical model of described fractured reservoir comprises matrix (10), the surface of matrix (10) is provided with the crack of three ranks, the crack of three ranks is respectively large level crack (11), middle rank crack (12) and little rank crack (13), and the width of large level crack (11) is more than or equal to 1mm and is less than or equal to 5mm; The width in middle rank crack (12) is more than or equal to 0.3mm and is less than 1mm; The width in little rank crack (13) is more than or equal to 0.01mm and is less than 0.3mm, the ratio of the quantity in the quantity in large level crack (11) and middle rank crack (12) is 1:1.3～4, the ratio of the quantity in the quantity in middle rank crack (12) and little rank crack (13) is 1.3～4:12.6～19, little rank crack (13) is communicated with large level crack (11) and/or middle rank crack (12), is also provided with Simulated Water horizontal well (14) and waterflood path (15) in this surface of matrix (10).
2. the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir according to claim 1, is characterized in that: large level crack (11) run through the whole surface of matrix (10).
3. the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the whole surface of matrix (10) is run through in middle rank crack (12).
4. the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the surface of matrix (10) is provided with at least 2 large level cracks (11), linearly, intersect in every 2 large level cracks (11) in large level crack (11).
5. the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the surface of matrix (10) is provided with at least 3 middle rank cracks (12), linearly, intersect between two in middle rank crack (12) in middle rank crack (12).
6. the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: each large level crack (11) is at least crossing with two middle rank cracks (12), each large level crack (11) is at least parallel with rank crack (12) in two other.
7. the visual water drive oil physical model of fractured reservoir according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: matrix (10) is rectangle transparent plexiglass plate, the crack of these three ranks and Simulated Water horizontal well (14) are arranged on the upper surface of matrix (10), waterflood path (15) is located at the edge of the upper surface of matrix (10), the two ends of waterflood path (15) are equipped with injection catheter interface (16), and the end of Simulated Water horizontal well (14) is provided with fluid catheter interface (17).
8. the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of fractured reservoir, it is characterized in that: the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of described fractured reservoir contains the visual water drive oil physical model of the fractured reservoir described in any one claim (26) in claim 1～7, on this surface of the visual water drive oil physical model of this fractured reservoir (26), be coated with transparent panel, the edge of matrix (10) and this transparent panel is tightly connected by metal frame, the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of described fractured reservoir also contains constant flow pump (21), vacuum pump (22), bucket (34), oil-water separation metering device (30) and simulated oil container (31),
Constant flow pump (21) is communicated with by the waterflood path (15) of the visual water drive oil physical model of pipeline and this fractured reservoir (26), bucket (34) and vacuum pump (22) are communicated with by the waterflood path (15) of the visual water drive oil physical model of pipeline and this fractured reservoir (26), and oil-water separation metering device (30) and simulated oil container (31) are communicated with by the Simulated Water horizontal well (14) of the visual water drive oil physical model of pipeline and this fractured reservoir (26).
9. the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of fractured reservoir according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: oil-water separation metering device (30) and simulated oil container (31) are arranged in parallel, the visual water drive oil physical simulation experiment device of described fractured reservoir is also containing being useful on the camera head (27) that records experimentation.
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| CN106285662A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Fractured reservoir physical model splits storage than quantitative control methodin and device |
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| CN106522934B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2023-09-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Physical simulation experiment device and method for development of complex fractured reservoir horizontal well |
| CN111663927A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-15 | 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司研究院 | System, equipment and method for researching moderate water injection in fractured compact oil reservoir |
| CN110541691A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-12-06 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Visual water displacement experimental device and method for heterogeneous sandstone reservoir |
| CN112031727A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-12-04 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Physical simulation device and method for fracturing horizontal well multi-medium throughput |
| CN115182723A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2022-10-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Simulation method for water outlet law of fracture-cavity type oil reservoir oil well |
| CN113738351A (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2021-12-03 | 西南石油大学 | Manufacturing method and experimental method of fracture body oil reservoir physical model |
| CN113738351B (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2023-10-24 | 西南石油大学 | Manufacturing method and experimental method of fracture reservoir physical model |
| CN114495676A (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2022-05-13 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Simulation model for visual discrete fracture-cave network reservoir physical experiment |
| CN114495676B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-11-21 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Simulation model for visual discrete fracture-cavity network reservoir physical experiment |
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