CN109707352B - Experimental device and experimental method for measuring nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity oil displacement efficiency - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for measuring nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity oil displacement efficiency Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device for measuring nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity displacement of reservoir oil, which is provided with a simulated rock core and comprises an injection system, a temperature control system, a back pressure control system and a data acquisition system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to tertiary oil recovery, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for measuring nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity oil displacement efficiency.
Background
In the process of oil field development, under the condition that the natural energy of the stratum is insufficient, in order to improve the recovery ratio of crude oil, the oil displacement energy needs to be increased by means of water displacement, gas displacement, chemical displacement and the like. The water flooding is to supplement the formation energy by injecting water and keep a higher production pressure difference to promote the oil extraction. The nitrogen injection for oil displacement is to mix gas with produced fluid, and the density of mixed liquid in a shaft is reduced by expansion of the gas, so that the outflow of well liquid is promoted, and the recovery ratio is improved. The displacement properties of water drive and gas drive are different, when the wettability of rock is water wet, the water drive is a self-absorption process, and the gas drive is a displacement process. The water flooding method is a more traditional method for improving the recovery ratio, but the water flooding method easily causes the problems of blockage, corrosion, scaling and the like which damage oil layers.
In recent two years, gas flooding has been increasingly used in oil fields as a clean and environmentally friendly displacement means without damaging oil reservoirs, where economic costs permit. The gas drive is widely applied to production and development of various large oil fields due to the advantages of no pollution and the like, wherein the most frequently used gas is nitrogen, and the nitrogen has stable property and is not easy to reflect pollution or damage stratum and fluid. However, in the actual production stratum, microcracks and fine channels exist, so that the nitrogen flooding has a relatively obvious oil displacement effect when the nitrogen flooding is injected into the stratum at the beginning, but the pressure is increased along with the increase of the gas injection quantity, and a plurality of small crack channels become large high-permeability channels under the action of the pressure. At this time, nitrogen starts to be discharged from the hypertonic section having a smaller flow resistance, and a gas channeling phenomenon occurs. The volume of the nitrogen participating in the oil displacement is greatly reduced, and the oil displacement efficiency is also suddenly reduced.
In consideration of the fact that the foam flooding can block large pore passages and increase pore flow resistance, injected gas can participate in the oil displacement process more, the crude oil recovery rate is improved, and the foam flooding can be injected into the stratum after gas channeling occurs. The experimental device simulates the process, and can determine whether the crude oil recovery rate can be improved and the improvement degree of the recovery rate can be improved in the nitrogen foam flooding.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to solve the defects of the prior art, measure the difference of the crude oil recovery ratio of nitrogen assisted gravity drive and nitrogen foam assisted gravity drive and provide a guidance basis for a method for increasing the recovery ratio through gas drive and chemical drive, the invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for measuring the oil displacement efficiency of nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity drive.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an experimental device for measuring nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity flooding is provided with a simulated rock core and comprises an injection system, a temperature control system, a back pressure control system and a data acquisition system;
the temperature control system comprises a constant temperature box wrapped outside the simulated rock core;
the data acquisition system comprises a gas-liquid separation device, a drainage and gas collection device and a measuring cylinder which are sequentially connected with the outlet of the simulated rock core through pipelines, wherein a balance is arranged at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation device;
the injection system comprises a constant flow pump, a crude oil tank, a nitrogen tank, a foaming agent tank and a foam generator which are communicated through pipelines, wherein inlets of the foaming agent tank, the nitrogen tank and the crude oil tank are respectively connected with the constant flow pump, outlets of the foaming agent tank, the nitrogen tank and the crude oil tank are converged through the pipelines and then communicated with the pipeline of the inlet of the simulated rock core, an outlet of the nitrogen tank is provided with two pipelines communicated with the convergence part of the pipeline of the simulated rock core, and the foam generator is arranged on one pipeline;
the back pressure control system comprises a sand body inlet pressure gauge, a sand body outlet pressure gauge and a back pressure valve, the sand body inlet pressure gauge is arranged on a pipeline collected by the injection system and connected to the simulated rock core, the sand body outlet pressure gauge is arranged on a pipeline between the simulated rock core and the gas-liquid separation device, and the back pressure valve is arranged on a pipeline between the sand body outlet pressure gauge and the gas-liquid separation device; the outlet pipeline of the advection pump is provided with a valve, the outlet pipelines of the foaming agent tank, the nitrogen tank, the crude oil tank and the foam generator tank are also respectively provided with a valve, and the pipeline between the simulation rock core and the pressure gauge at the sand outlet is also provided with a valve.
Furthermore, the simulated rock core is a cuboid model filled with quartz sand. When the simulated rock core is prepared, quartz sand with different diameters can be used for filling, and the simulated rock core with different porosities and permeabilities can be obtained.
Furthermore, a thermometer is arranged in the constant temperature box, and the thermometer and the constant temperature box form a temperature control system, so that the actual situation of the stratum can be better simulated.
Furthermore, the drainage gas-collecting device comprises a conical flask, a short pipe and a long pipe, wherein the conical flask is filled with experimental water, one end of the long pipe extends into the experimental water, the other end of the long pipe is communicated with the measuring cylinder pipeline, one end of the short pipe is communicated with the gas-liquid separation device pipeline, and the other end of the short pipe extends into the conical flask and is positioned above the experimental water.
The experimental method of the experimental device for measuring the nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity oil displacement efficiency comprises the following experimental steps,
a. a preparation stage: building an experimental device, connecting the filled simulated rock core into the experimental device, checking the air tightness of the experimental device, adjusting the temperature of the simulated rock core to a set temperature through a thermostat, and preparing crude oil, nitrogen, distilled water and a required foaming agent required by the experiment;
b. simulating an oil saturated core process: opening a crude oil tank valve, pumping crude oil into the simulated rock core through a constant-flow pump, saturating the simulated rock core with oil, and calculating the original oil saturation S0；
c. Nitrogen displacement crude oil experimental stage:closing a crude oil tank valve, opening a valve for communicating a nitrogen tank with the simulated rock core, setting a recovery pressure difference by using a back pressure valve, starting continuous blowout prevention, and carrying out nitrogen oil displacement until the oil production rate is sharply reduced; closing the valve, stopping gas injection, and calculating the oil saturation S at the momentNThe nitrogen displacement efficiency is recorded as etaNThen, then
d. Nitrogen foam assisted gravity displacement crude oil experimental stage: opening a foaming agent tank valve and a valve connecting a nitrogen tank and a foam generator, and controlling the gas-liquid ratio of the foam to prepare nitrogen foam; opening a valve connecting the foam generator and the simulated rock core, and starting a constant-flow pump to inject nitrogen foam into the simulated rock core;
e. and the nitrogen displacement crude oil experiment stage again: opening a valve connected with the nitrogen tank and the simulated rock core again to inject nitrogen for oil displacement, recording the quality of the oil displaced at the moment, and calculating the saturation S of the oil in the simulated rock core after the nitrogen foam displacement is addedfRecording the auxiliary oil displacement efficiency of nitrogen foam as etafThen, then
Furthermore, according to the actual requirements of the oil reservoir area to be researched, the temperature of the constant temperature box is set to be 90 ℃, the recovery pressure difference is 6MPa, and the gas-liquid ratio of foam is 3: 1.
The experimental device and the experimental method for determining the nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity drive oil displacement efficiency can effectively determine the difference of the crude oil recovery ratio of nitrogen assisted gravity drive and nitrogen foam assisted gravity drive, and provide a guidance basis for a method for increasing the recovery ratio through gas drive and chemical drive.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the gas-liquid separation device and the drainage gas-collecting device in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the variation of the crude oil production levels for nitrogen assisted gravity flooding and nitrogen foam assisted gravity flooding.
In the figure, the device comprises a foam generator 1, a simulated rock core 3, a back pressure valve 4, a gas-liquid separation device 5, a balance 6, a drainage and gas collection device 7, a measuring cylinder 8, a crude oil tank 9, a nitrogen tank 10, a advection pump 11, foaming agent tanks 12-1-12-10, a valve 13-1, a sand body inlet pressure gauge 13-2, a sand body outlet pressure gauge 14, a constant temperature box 15, an oil-gas mixed liquid flow 16, separated crude oil 17, a nitrogen gas flow 18, a water flow 19 driven out due to inflow of nitrogen, and distilled water with the same volume as the discharged nitrogen.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
The experimental device for measuring nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity flooding shown in fig. 1 and 2 is the best embodiment of the invention, and is provided with a simulated rock core 2 which comprises an injection system, a temperature control system, a back pressure control system and a data acquisition system.
The simulated rock core 2 is a cuboid model filled with quartz sand. When preparing the simulated rock core 2, quartz sand with different diameters can be used for filling, and the simulated rock core 2 with different porosities and permeabilities can be obtained.
The temperature control system comprises an incubator 14 which is wrapped outside the simulated rock core 2. The oven 14 has a thermometer therein, and the thermometer and the oven 14 constitute a temperature control system. Considering that the simulated sand body simulates the condition of core saturated crude oil in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the well, the temperature control system is added outside the simulated core 2, so that the actual condition of the stratum can be better simulated.
The data acquisition system comprises a gas-liquid separation device 4, a drainage and gas collection device 6 and a measuring cylinder 7 which are sequentially connected with the outlet of the simulated rock core 2 through pipelines, and a balance 5 is arranged at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation device 4. The gas-liquid separation device 4 is preferably a visual gas-liquid separation device 4, is made of transparent visual materials, and is provided with a balance 5 at the lower end thereof for measuring the mass of crude oil 16 separated by the gas-liquid separation device 4. The drainage and gas collection device 6 comprises a conical flask, a short pipe and a long pipe, wherein the conical flask is filled with experimental water, one end of the long pipe stretches into the experimental water, the other end of the long pipe is communicated with a measuring cylinder 7 through a pipeline, one end of the short pipe is communicated with a gas-liquid separation device 4 through a pipeline, and the other end of the short pipe stretches into the conical flask and is positioned above the experimental water.
The discharge liquid (oil-gas mixture liquid flow 15) of the experimental device firstly enters a gas-liquid separator and the separated crude oil 16 is left in the gas-liquid separator, and a balance 5 is arranged at the lower part of the gas-liquid separator and used for measuring the quality of the separated crude oil. Then the separated nitrogen flow 17 continuously flows into the water discharge and gas collection device 6 through the short pipe, the nitrogen flow 17 enters the conical flask from the short pipe, the water flow 18 expelled due to the nitrogen inflow in the conical flask flows into the measuring cylinder 7 through the long pipe, the distilled water 19 with the same volume as the discharged nitrogen is discharged, and the volume of the gas discharged by the experimental device can be determined by measuring the volume of the distilled water. The oil displacement effect of nitrogen and nitrogen foam can be quantified by calculating the saturation of the crude oil in the sand body according to the quality of the expelled crude oil and the expelled gas.
The injection system include through the advection pump 10 of pipeline intercommunication, crude oil tank 8, nitrogen gas jar 9, foaming agent jar 11 and foam generator 1, foaming agent jar 11, nitrogen gas jar 9 and crude oil tank 8 the entry be connected with advection pump 10 respectively, the export then collect the pipeline intercommunication with simulation rock core 2 entry through the pipeline after gathering, nitrogen gas jar export have two and simulation rock core 2 pipelines collect the pipeline that the department communicates, foam generator 1 sets up on one of them pipeline.
The back pressure control system comprises a sand body inlet pressure gauge 13-1, a sand body outlet pressure gauge 13-2 and a back pressure valve 3, wherein the sand body inlet pressure gauge 13-1 is arranged on a pipeline which is collected by the injection system and connected to the simulation core 2, the sand body outlet pressure gauge 13-2 is arranged on a pipeline between the simulation core 2 and the gas-liquid separation device 4, and the back pressure valve 3 is arranged on a pipeline between the sand body outlet pressure gauge 13-2 and the gas-liquid separation device 4. The back pressure valve 3 is used for controlling the back production pressure difference of the simulated rock core 2. The nitrogen can move from one end of the simulated sand body to the other end under the action of the recovery pressure difference and carry out oil flow stored in the holes of the simulated sand body, so that the process of displacing crude oil by nitrogen is completed, and the later nitrogen foam oil displacement process is the same.
And a valve is arranged on an outlet pipeline of the constant-flow pump 10, valves are also respectively arranged on inlet and outlet pipelines of the foaming agent tank 11, the nitrogen tank 9, the crude oil tank 8 and the foam generator 1, and a valve is also arranged on a pipeline between the simulated rock core 2 and a pressure gauge 13-2 at the sand outlet.
In the experiment, degassed crude oil is used as experimental oil, nitrogen with the purity of 99% is used as experimental gas, distilled water is used as experimental water, and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) with the concentration of 0.5% is used as foaming agent in the experiment.
The experimental method of the experimental device for measuring the nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity oil displacement efficiency comprises the following experimental steps,
a. a preparation stage: and (3) building an experimental device, connecting the filled simulated rock core 2 into the experimental device, checking the air tightness of the experimental device, adjusting the temperature of the simulated rock core 2 to 90 ℃ through a constant temperature box 14, and preparing crude oil, nitrogen, distilled water and a required foaming agent required by the experiment. In this step, the set temperature is the reservoir temperature of the formation under study, and the actual average formation temperatures of different field blocks selected by the experiment can be changed.
b. Simulating an oil saturated core process: opening valves 12-7 of a crude oil tank 8, pumping crude oil into the simulated rock core 2 through a constant flow pump 10, saturating the simulated rock core 2 with oil, and calculating the original oil saturation S0；
c. Nitrogen displacement crude oil experimental stage: closing a valve 12-7 of a crude oil tank 8, opening a valve 12-8 of a nitrogen tank 9 communicated with the simulated rock core 2, setting the pressure difference of recovery to be 6MPa by using a back pressure valve 3, starting to continuously prevent blowout, and performing nitrogen oil displacement until the oil production rate is sharply reduced; closing the valve 12-8, stopping gas injection, and calculating the oil saturation S at the momentNThe nitrogen displacement efficiency is recorded as etaNThen, then
In this step, the recovery pressure difference is set according to the reservoir pressure, and the actual formation pressure of the oil field block targeted by the experiment can be changed.
d. Nitrogen foam assisted gravity displacement crude oil experimental stage: opening a valve 12-10 of a foaming agent tank 11 and a valve 12-9 of a nitrogen tank 9 connected with a foam generator 1, controlling the gas-liquid ratio of the foam to be 3:1, and preparing nitrogen foam; and opening valves 12-6 of the foam generator 1 connected with the simulated rock core 2, and starting the advective pump 10 to inject nitrogen foam into the simulated rock core 2. In the step, the gas-liquid ratio of the foam is determined by the actual bottom layer parameters of the oil field, if the actual stratum parameters of the conventional oil field block are selected in the experiment, the gas-liquid ratio of the foam is 1:1, and if the selected block is the compact oil-gas field, the gas-liquid ratio of the foam is 3: 1.
e. And the nitrogen displacement crude oil experiment stage again: opening the valve 12-8 connected with the nitrogen tank 9 and the simulated rock core 2 again to inject nitrogen for oil displacement, recording the quality of the oil displaced at the moment, and calculating the saturation S of the oil in the simulated rock core 2 after the nitrogen foam displacement is addedfRecording the auxiliary oil displacement efficiency of nitrogen foam as etafThen, then
In the experimental process, degassed crude oil is firstly pumped into the simulated core 2 through the advection pump 10 to simulate the oil saturation core process. After the crude oil flows stably in the simulated rock core 2 (sand body). And starting the next stage, performing a nitrogen oil displacement process by controlling the pressure difference, constantly observing the change of the displacement efficiency of the crude oil, and considering that gas channeling occurs due to the existence of a high-permeability channel in the sand body when the displacement efficiency of the crude oil is rapidly reduced, only a small amount of nitrogen still participates in the oil displacement process, the gas amount participating in the displacement is reduced, and the oil displacement effect is deteriorated. And then, at the next stage, injecting nitrogen into the simulated rock core 2 and nitrogen foam generated by mixing a foaming agent in the foam generator 1, plugging a large pore passage, increasing the flow resistance of a high-permeability passage, and then displacing oil again.
In the course of the above experimentIn, can record and compare etaNAnd ηfThe experimental value can effectively measure the difference of the crude oil recovery ratio of nitrogen assisted gravity drive and nitrogen foam assisted gravity drive, and provides a guidance basis for a method for increasing the recovery ratio through gas drive and chemical drive. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the variation of the crude oil production level in nitrogen-assisted gravity flooding and in nitrogen and nitrogen foam-assisted gravity flooding. From the figures it can be obtained that the production rates of the two sets of experiments show a trend of decreasing gradually; the extraction degrees of the two experiments are approximately the same in a certain production time before the foam is injected; after the foam is injected, the difference between the extraction degrees of the two experiments is gradually opened, the final extraction degree of the nitrogen assisted gravity displacement is 33.14 percent, the final recovery ratio of the nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity displacement reaches 44.37 percent, and the extraction degree is improved by 11.23 percent after the nitrogen foam is injected. By comparison of etaNAnd ηfThe experimental numerical value of the method can obtain that the oil displacement efficiency of the nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity flooding is obviously higher than that of the nitrogen assisted gravity flooding, and the method has better oil displacement effect.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. An experimental method of an experimental device for measuring nitrogen and nitrogen foam assisted gravity oil displacement efficiency is provided, the experimental device is provided with a simulated rock core, and is characterized in that: the system comprises an injection system, a temperature control system, a back pressure control system and a data acquisition system;
the temperature control system comprises a constant temperature box wrapped outside the simulated rock core;
the data acquisition system comprises a gas-liquid separation device, a drainage and gas collection device and a measuring cylinder which are sequentially connected with the outlet of the simulated rock core through pipelines, wherein a balance is arranged at the lower end of the gas-liquid separation device;
the injection system comprises a constant flow pump, a crude oil tank, a nitrogen tank, a foaming agent tank and a foam generator which are communicated through pipelines, wherein inlets of the foaming agent tank, the nitrogen tank and the crude oil tank are respectively connected with the constant flow pump, outlets of the foaming agent tank, the nitrogen tank and the crude oil tank are converged through the pipelines and then communicated with the pipeline of the inlet of the simulated rock core, an outlet of the nitrogen tank is provided with two pipelines communicated with the convergence part of the pipeline of the simulated rock core, and the foam generator is arranged on one pipeline;
the back pressure control system comprises a sand body inlet pressure gauge, a sand body outlet pressure gauge and a back pressure valve, the sand body inlet pressure gauge is arranged on a pipeline collected by the injection system and connected to the simulated rock core, the sand body outlet pressure gauge is arranged on a pipeline between the simulated rock core and the gas-liquid separation device, and the back pressure valve is arranged on a pipeline between the sand body outlet pressure gauge and the gas-liquid separation device; valves are arranged on outlet pipelines of the advection pump, valves are also arranged on inlet and outlet pipelines of the foaming agent tank, the nitrogen tank, the crude oil tank and the foam generator tank respectively, and a valve is also arranged on a pipeline between the simulation rock core and a pressure gauge at the sand outlet;
the simulated rock core is a cuboid model filled with quartz sand;
a thermometer is arranged in the constant temperature box;
the drainage and gas collection device comprises a conical flask, a short pipe and a long pipe, wherein the conical flask is filled with experimental water, one end of the long pipe extends into the experimental water, the other end of the long pipe is communicated with a measuring cylinder pipeline, one end of the short pipe is communicated with a gas-liquid separation device pipeline, and the other end of the short pipe extends into the conical flask and is positioned above the experimental water;
the experimental set-up described above comprises the following experimental steps,
a. a preparation stage: building an experimental device, connecting the filled simulated rock core into the experimental device, checking the air tightness of the experimental device, adjusting the temperature of the simulated rock core to a set temperature through a thermostat, and preparing crude oil, nitrogen, distilled water and a required foaming agent required by the experiment;
b. simulating an oil saturated core process: opening a crude oil tank valve, pumping crude oil into the simulated rock core through a constant-flow pump, saturating the simulated rock core with oil, and calculating the original oil saturationS0；
c. Nitrogen displacement crude oil experimental stage: closing a crude oil tank valve, opening a valve for communicating a nitrogen tank with the simulated rock core, setting a recovery pressure difference by using a back pressure valve, starting continuous blowout prevention, and carrying out nitrogen oil displacement until the oil production rate is sharply reduced; closing the valve, stopping gas injection, and calculating the oil saturation S at the momentNThe nitrogen displacement efficiency is recorded as etaN=
；
d. Nitrogen foam assisted gravity displacement crude oil experimental stage: opening a valve connected with a foaming agent tank and a valve connected with a nitrogen tank and a foam generator, and controlling the gas-liquid ratio of the foam to prepare nitrogen foam; opening a valve connecting the foam generator and the simulated rock core, and starting a constant-flow pump to inject nitrogen foam into the simulated rock core;
e. and the nitrogen displacement crude oil experiment stage again: opening a valve connected with the nitrogen tank and the simulated rock core again to inject nitrogen for oil displacement, recording the quality of the oil displaced at the moment, and calculating the saturation S of the oil in the simulated rock core after the nitrogen foam displacement is addedfRecording the auxiliary oil displacement efficiency of nitrogen foam as etafEta is thenf=
；
The temperature of the thermostat is set to be 90 ℃, the recovery pressure difference is 6MPa, and the gas-liquid ratio of foam is 3: 1.
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