CN115749703B - CO injection2Method for improving extraction degree of heterogeneous bottom water and gas reservoir through huff and puff - Google Patents
CO injection2Method for improving extraction degree of heterogeneous bottom water and gas reservoir through huff and puff Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005380 natural gas recovery Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101001121408 Homo sapiens L-amino-acid oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100026388 L-amino-acid oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035425 carbon utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种注CO2吞吐提高非均质底水气藏采出程度的方法,包括:(1)将高渗岩心和低渗岩心分别放入夹持器中,将两个夹持器并联组成岩心并联系统,系统中段连接围压泵,入口端分别连接地层水中间容器、天然气中间容器,出口端连接CO2中间容器,所述高渗岩心和低渗岩心的出口端分别通过回压阀连接回压泵和分离器,分离器连接气量计和气相色谱仪;(2)建立原始地层条件;(3)计算地质储量;(4)进行恒压底水驱;(5)注CO2吞吐;(6)计算累计采收率;(7)计算CO2采出量、游离气量和溶解气量。本发明原理可靠,操作简便,通过评价底水气藏水窜后期注CO2吞吐的可行性,为底水气藏后期注CO2开发提供技术支持,同时解决了CO2气体埋存的问题。
The present invention relates to a method for improving the recovery degree of heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoir by injecting CO2 , comprising: (1) placing a high permeability core and a low permeability core in a clamp respectively, connecting the two clamps in parallel to form a core parallel system, connecting a confining pressure pump to the middle section of the system, connecting the inlet end to a formation water intermediate container and a natural gas intermediate container respectively, and connecting the outlet end to a CO2 intermediate container, the outlet ends of the high permeability core and the low permeability core are connected to a back pressure pump and a separator respectively through a back pressure valve, and the separator is connected to a gas meter and a gas chromatograph; (2) establishing original formation conditions; (3) calculating geological reserves; (4) performing constant pressure bottom water drive; (5) injecting CO2; (6) calculating cumulative recovery; (7) calculating CO2 recovery, free gas volume and dissolved gas volume. The present invention has reliable principle and is easy to operate. By evaluating the feasibility of injecting CO2 in the late stage of water channeling in bottom water gas reservoirs, the present invention provides technical support for the late stage of CO2 injection development in bottom water gas reservoirs, and solves the problem of CO2 gas burial.
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及油气田开发技术领域,特别涉及一种注CO2吞吐提高非均质底水气藏采出程度的实验方法。The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, and in particular to an experimental method for improving the recovery degree of heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoirs by injecting CO2 huff and puff.
背景技术Background technique
目前开发的大多数气藏都属于不同程度的水驱气藏,其中边、底水活跃的气藏占40%~50%,尤其在四川盆地,有水气藏储量占总储量80%以上。气藏在开发过程中一旦孔隙水发生流动或边底水侵入,就会在储层中形成气、水两相渗流,大大增加渗流阻力;且对于非均质气藏,高渗区域是主要水侵通道,水很难进入低渗高压孔隙,而是绕过低渗孔隙带,沿高渗区域快速推进,形成气藏内的低渗高压死气区,导致气藏采出程度大大降低。Most of the gas reservoirs currently under development are water-driven gas reservoirs to varying degrees, of which 40% to 50% are gas reservoirs with active edge and bottom water. In particular, in the Sichuan Basin, water-driven gas reservoirs account for more than 80% of the total reserves. Once pore water flows or edge and bottom water invade during the development of a gas reservoir, gas-water two-phase seepage will form in the reservoir, greatly increasing the seepage resistance; and for heterogeneous gas reservoirs, the high-permeability area is the main water invasion channel, and it is difficult for water to enter the low-permeability and high-pressure pores. Instead, it bypasses the low-permeability pore zone and advances rapidly along the high-permeability area, forming a low-permeability and high-pressure dead gas zone in the gas reservoir, which greatly reduces the recovery of the gas reservoir.
近年来,大量学者针对底水气藏水侵开展物理模拟探索研究。发明专利“一种模拟气藏水侵的实验装置及方法”(CN 105604545 A),采用人造缝洞岩心进行模拟气藏水侵过程,了解水侵后残余气的分布特征,但是模型最高承压0.8MPa,不能模拟真实储层条件下的水侵过程。发明专利“一种边、底水气藏多井生产水侵物理模拟实验系统和方法”(CN107905769 A),能够模拟非均质边、底水气藏的水侵过程,但是不能模拟气藏水淹后的状态。发明专利“气藏的模拟开发装置及方法”(CN 112065376 A),通过射线扫描系统对模拟岩心对应的模拟气藏进行扫描,确定模拟气藏的边部或底部水体的运移情况,从而了解气藏开发过程中边部或底部水体的水侵特征。方飞飞等通过模拟非均质气藏水侵和生产动态变化过程,评价不同渗透率级差和不同布井方式对非均质气藏开发效果的影响(方飞飞,刘华勋,肖前华,等.非均质气藏水侵规律物理模拟实验研究[J].实验室研究与探索,2019,38(3):5),但是并未对气藏水淹后如何提高采出程度作出指导。In recent years, a large number of scholars have conducted physical simulation exploration and research on water invasion in bottom water gas reservoirs. The invention patent "An experimental device and method for simulating water invasion in gas reservoirs" (CN 105604545 A) uses artificial fractured cores to simulate the water invasion process of gas reservoirs to understand the distribution characteristics of residual gas after water invasion, but the model has a maximum pressure of 0.8MPa and cannot simulate the water invasion process under real reservoir conditions. The invention patent "A physical simulation experimental system and method for multi-well production water invasion in edge and bottom water gas reservoirs" (CN107905769 A) can simulate the water invasion process of heterogeneous edge and bottom water gas reservoirs, but cannot simulate the state of gas reservoirs after flooding. The invention patent "Simulation development device and method for gas reservoirs" (CN 112065376 A) scans the simulated gas reservoir corresponding to the simulated core through a ray scanning system to determine the migration of the edge or bottom water body of the simulated gas reservoir, thereby understanding the water invasion characteristics of the edge or bottom water body during the development of the gas reservoir. Fang Feifei et al. evaluated the influence of different permeability differences and different well layout methods on the development effect of heterogeneous gas reservoirs by simulating the water invasion and production dynamic changes of heterogeneous gas reservoirs (Fang Feifei, Liu Huaxun, Xiao Qianhua, et al. Physical simulation experimental study on the water invasion law of heterogeneous gas reservoirs [J]. Laboratory Research and Exploration, 2019, 38(3):5), but did not provide guidance on how to improve the recovery rate after gas reservoir flooding.
目前,针对非均质底水气藏的研究,主要集中在水侵规律、生产动态变化,以及如何通过合理、有效地开发底水气藏来提高产出程度。但是针对底水气藏水侵后期,如何注气提高气藏采出程度的研究较少,特别是国内外鲜有对注CO2提高底水气藏采收率的研究。注CO2提高油气采收率和地质封存相结合是未来油气藏开发的发展趋势,注CO2一方面强化油气开采,另一方面推动实现碳捕集、碳利用和碳封存。但由于CO2易溶于水,底水气藏注CO2吞吐不能形成对地层流体的有效驱替,造成能量损失,导致提高采收率程度低,经济效益差。因此对底水气藏注CO2吞吐开发,评价CO2在开发过程中采出量、游离量和溶解量显得尤为重要。At present, the research on heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoirs mainly focuses on water invasion rules, production dynamic changes, and how to improve the output degree by rationally and effectively developing bottom water gas reservoirs. However, there are few studies on how to inject gas to improve the recovery degree of gas reservoirs in the late stage of water invasion, especially on the research on CO2 injection to improve the recovery rate of bottom water gas reservoirs at home and abroad. The combination of CO2 injection to improve oil and gas recovery rate and geological storage is the development trend of oil and gas reservoir development in the future. On the one hand, CO2 injection strengthens oil and gas production, and on the other hand, it promotes carbon capture, carbon utilization and carbon storage. However, since CO2 is easily soluble in water, CO2 injection in bottom water gas reservoirs cannot form an effective displacement of formation fluids, resulting in energy loss, resulting in low recovery rate and poor economic benefits. Therefore, for the development of CO2 injection in bottom water gas reservoirs, it is particularly important to evaluate the production, free amount and dissolved amount of CO2 during the development process.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种注CO2吞吐提高非均质底水气藏采出程度的方法,该方法原理可靠,操作简便,通过评价底水气藏水窜后期注CO2吞吐的可行性,为底水气藏后期注CO2开发提供技术支持。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the recovery degree of heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoirs by injecting CO2 . The method has reliable principle and is easy to operate. By evaluating the feasibility of CO2 injection in the late stage of water breakthrough in bottom water gas reservoirs, technical support is provided for the late stage CO2 injection development of bottom water gas reservoirs.
为达到以上技术目的,本发明采用以下技术方案。In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种注CO2吞吐提高非均质底水气藏采出程度的方法,依次包括以下步骤:A method for increasing the recovery of a heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoir by injecting CO2 huff and puff, comprising the following steps in sequence:
(1)选择不同渗透率的柱塞岩心,其中高渗岩心长度L高,总孔隙体积V高,低渗岩心长度L低,总孔隙体积V低;将高渗岩心和低渗岩心分别放入夹持器中,将两个夹持器并联,组成岩心并联系统,用以模拟非均质地层;所述岩心并联系统中段连接围压泵,入口端分别连接地层水中间容器、天然气中间容器,出口端连接CO2中间容器,岩心并联系统和每个中间容器均置于恒温烘箱中;所述高渗岩心和低渗岩心的出口端分别通过回压阀连接回压泵和分离器,分离器连接气量计和气相色谱仪;(1) Selecting plunger cores with different permeabilities, wherein the high permeability core has a long length L and a high total pore volume V, and the low permeability core has a short length L and a low total pore volume V; placing the high permeability core and the low permeability core in a clamp respectively, and connecting the two clamps in parallel to form a core parallel system to simulate heterogeneous formations; the middle section of the core parallel system is connected to a confining pressure pump, the inlet end is respectively connected to a formation water intermediate container and a natural gas intermediate container, and the outlet end is connected to a CO2 intermediate container, and the core parallel system and each intermediate container are placed in a constant temperature oven; the outlet ends of the high permeability core and the low permeability core are respectively connected to a back pressure pump and a separator through a back pressure valve, and the separator is connected to a gas meter and a gas chromatograph;
(2)建立原始地层条件(2) Establishing original formation conditions
①设置恒温烘箱的温度为地层温度T,将回压设定为地层压力P;将围压设置为P0(P0比P大2MPa左右),设定地层水中间容器所连恒压泵的压力为P0,使地层水中间容器中的水沿管线进入岩心并联系统,直至出口端有水产出;① Set the temperature of the constant temperature oven to the formation temperature T, set the back pressure to the formation pressure P; set the confining pressure to P 0 (P 0 is about 2MPa greater than P), set the pressure of the constant pressure pump connected to the formation water intermediate container to P 0 , and let the water in the formation water intermediate container enter the core parallel system along the pipeline until water is produced at the outlet;
②使地层水只通过高渗岩心,直至高渗岩心出口端的分离器均匀出水;使地层水只通过低渗岩心,直至低渗岩心出口端的分离器均匀出水;随后将恒压泵的压力设定为P,使地层水中间容器的压力稳定在P,直至高渗岩心和低渗岩心的出口端不再有水产出;② Make the formation water pass only through the high permeability core until the separator at the outlet of the high permeability core produces water evenly; make the formation water pass only through the low permeability core until the separator at the outlet of the low permeability core produces water evenly; then set the pressure of the constant pressure pump to P, so that the pressure of the formation water intermediate container is stabilized at P, until no water is produced at the outlet of the high permeability core and the low permeability core;
③使用天然气中间容器所连的驱替泵,将天然气注入到高渗岩心中直至高渗岩心出口端的分离器不再出水,计量水体积Vw高;使用该驱替泵将天然气注入到低渗岩心中,直至低渗岩心出口端的分离器不再出水,计量水体积Vw低;③ Use the displacement pump connected to the natural gas intermediate container to inject natural gas into the high permeability core until the separator at the outlet of the high permeability core no longer produces water, and the measured water volume Vw is high ; use the displacement pump to inject natural gas into the low permeability core until the separator at the outlet of the low permeability core no longer produces water, and the measured water volume Vw is low ;
(3)计算地质储量(3) Calculation of geological reserves
在地层压力下,地层水体积系数为Bw,天然气体积系数为Bg,则:Under formation pressure, the volume coefficient of formation water is B w , and the volume coefficient of natural gas is B g , then:
高渗岩心有效烃类孔隙体积VP高=VW高BW,原始地质储量 Effective hydrocarbon pore volume in high permeability core V P high = V W high B W , original geological reserves
低渗岩心有效烃类孔隙体积VP低=Vw低Bw,原始地质储量 The effective hydrocarbon pore volume of low permeability core V P low = V w low B w , original geological reserves
岩心并联系统总的有效烃类孔隙体积VP=VP高+VP低,总的原始地质储量G=G高+G低;The total effective hydrocarbon pore volume of the core parallel system V P = V P high + V P low , and the total original geological reserves G = G high + G low ;
(4)进行恒压底水驱(分采)(4) Constant pressure bottom water drive (separate production)
将围压稳定在P0,使用地层水中间容器所连的恒压泵将地层水中间容器压力恒定在地层压力P,读出恒压泵体积V1;同步使用回压泵控制高渗岩心和低渗岩心出口端的回压从P缓慢下降,直至高渗岩心和低渗岩心出口端全部产水,分别计量高渗岩心和低渗岩心的累计产气量G高产、G低产,累计产水量Wp高、Wp低;The confining pressure is stabilized at P 0 , and the pressure of the formation water intermediate container is kept constant at the formation pressure P using a constant pressure pump connected to the formation water intermediate container, and the volume V 1 of the constant pressure pump is read; the back pressure at the outlet of the high permeability core and the low permeability core is controlled to slowly decrease from P using a back pressure pump until all the outlets of the high permeability core and the low permeability core produce water, and the cumulative gas production G high production and G low production of the high permeability core and the low permeability core are measured respectively, and the cumulative water production W p high and W p low ;
(5)注CO2吞吐(合采)(5) CO2 injection and huff and puff (combined production)
将高渗岩心出口端和低渗岩心出口端连接在一起,将出口端回压重新设定为P,通过CO2中间容器所连的驱替泵将CO2缓慢注入到岩心并联系统内,每次注入CO2量为0.1VP;控制出口端的回压从P缓慢降低2MPa,产出的气和水经过分离器分离,计量该阶段的产水量Wp1,产气体积G合1;采用气色谱仪分析该阶段采出气体组分,得出天然气含量N1;重复该步骤n次,计量每个阶段的产水量Wpi(i=1,2,3…n),产气体积G合i(i=1,2,3…n),直至Nn<0.1%,读出驱替泵体积V2;Connect the high permeability core outlet and the low permeability core outlet together, reset the outlet back pressure to P, slowly inject CO 2 into the core parallel system through the displacement pump connected to the CO 2 intermediate container, and inject 0.1V P each time; control the outlet back pressure to slowly decrease from P to 2MPa, and the produced gas and water are separated by a separator, and the water production W p1 and gas production volume G total 1 of this stage are measured; use a gas chromatograph to analyze the gas components produced in this stage, and obtain the natural gas content N 1 ; repeat this step n times, measure the water production W pi (i=1,2,3…n) and gas production volume G total i (i=1,2,3…n) of each stage, until N n <0.1%, and read the displacement pump volume V 2 ;
(6)计算累计采收率(6) Calculation of cumulative recovery factor
恒压底水驱阶段:Constant pressure bottom water drive stage:
高渗岩心采收率 High permeability core recovery rate
低渗岩心采收率 Low permeability core recovery
恒压底水驱阶段采收率 Recovery factor at constant pressure bottom water flooding stage
注CO2吞吐阶段采出天然气体积 Volume of natural gas produced during CO2 injection huff-and-puff phase
注CO2吞吐阶段采收率 Recovery rate during CO 2 injection huff-and-puff phase
累计采收率R(%)为:The cumulative recovery factor R (%) is:
(7)计算CO2采出量、游离气量和溶解气量(7) Calculate CO2 production, free gas volume and dissolved gas volume
在地层压力P、地层温度T下,CO2体积系数为Bgc;根据物质平衡方程可知,注入量为封存量和采出量之和,即在地面条件下:At formation pressure P and formation temperature T, the CO 2 volume coefficient is B gc ; according to the material balance equation, the injection volume is the sum of the storage volume and the production volume, that is, under ground conditions:
注入CO2总量W=CO2封存量W1+采出CO2量W2 Total amount of injected CO 2 W = CO 2 storage W 1 + CO 2 production W 2
CO2中间容器注入CO2(地面条件下)总量 Total amount of CO 2 injected into the CO 2 intermediate container (under ground conditions)
采出CO2量 CO 2 produced
CO2封存量 CO 2 storage capacity
实验开始时,并联岩心系统的有效烃类孔隙体积Vp全部被天然气占据,实验结束时,Vp被地层水、游离态CO2和天然气占据,在地层条件下:At the beginning of the experiment, the effective hydrocarbon pore volume Vp of the parallel core system was completely occupied by natural gas. At the end of the experiment, Vp was occupied by formation water, free CO2 and natural gas. Under the formation conditions:
Vp=水侵量We+游离CO2量Gc+未被采出天然气量Gres V p = water intrusion We + free CO 2 G c + unproduced natural gas Gres
气藏水侵量We(地下体积)为:The water intrusion of gas reservoir We (underground volume) is:
We=Winj-WPBw We = Winj - W P B w
其中Winj—气藏注水量(地下体积);Wp—气藏产水量(地上体积);Wherein, Winj is the water injection volume of the gas reservoir (underground volume); Wp is the water production volume of the gas reservoir (above ground volume);
Winj=V1-V2 Winj = V1 - V2
未被产出的天然气在地层下的体积为:The volume of unproduced natural gas beneath the formation is:
即游离CO2量在地层下的体积Gc为:That is, the volume of free CO 2 in the formation G c is:
在地面条件下,岩心游离气量W3为:Under surface conditions, the free gas volume W3 in the core is:
CO2封存量又分为岩心游离气量W3和地层水溶解气量W4,即:The CO2 storage capacity is divided into the free gas volume in the core W3 and the dissolved gas volume in the formation water W4 , namely:
W1=W3+W4 W 1 =W 3 +W 4
即地面条件下,地层水溶解CO2量W4为:That is, under ground conditions, the amount of CO 2 dissolved in formation water W 4 is:
W4=W1-W3 W4 = W1 - W3
与现有技术相比,本发明简便适用,不仅能够模拟非均质底水气藏在真实储层条件下(高温高压环境)发生的水侵过程,而且能够模拟气藏水侵后期注CO2开发,评价注CO2提高底水气藏采出程度的可行性。底水非均质气藏水侵后期注CO2吞吐,CO2采出量、游离量、溶解量比值约为3:1:6,同时天然气采出程度提高了18.07%,说明该方法在解决CO2气体埋存的同时还可以提高气藏采收率。Compared with the prior art, the present invention is simple and applicable, and can not only simulate the water invasion process of heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoirs under real reservoir conditions (high temperature and high pressure environment), but also simulate the CO2 injection development in the later stage of gas reservoir water invasion, and evaluate the feasibility of injecting CO2 to improve the recovery degree of bottom water gas reservoirs. In the later stage of water invasion of bottom water heterogeneous gas reservoirs, CO2 injection was injected, and the ratio of CO2 recovery, free amount and dissolved amount was about 3:1:6, and the natural gas recovery degree was increased by 18.07%, indicating that this method can improve the recovery rate of gas reservoirs while solving the CO2 gas storage problem.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为一种注CO2吞吐提高非均质底水气藏采出程度的装置图。FIG1 is a diagram of a device for injecting CO2 to increase the recovery rate of a heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoir.
图2为恒压底水驱阶段天然气采收率随压力的变化曲线。FIG2 is a curve showing the change of natural gas recovery rate with pressure during the constant pressure bottom water flooding stage.
图3为注CO2吞吐提高天然气采出程度变化图。Figure 3 shows the change in the degree of natural gas recovery increased by CO2 injection.
图4为CO2采出气量与封存气量对比柱状图。Figure 4 is a bar chart comparing the CO2 produced gas volume and the stored gas volume.
图中:1-围压泵;2-恒压泵;3、4-驱替泵;5、6-回压泵;7-地层水中间容器;8-天然气中间容器;9-CO2中间容器;10-低渗岩心夹持器;11-高渗岩心夹持器;12-围压压力表;13、14-出口压力表;15、16-回压压力表;17、18-回压阀;19、20-分离器;21、22-冷水浴;23、24-气量计;25、26-气色谱仪;27、28、29、30、31、32、33、34、35、36-阀门;37-恒温烘箱。In the figure: 1-confining pressure pump; 2-constant pressure pump; 3, 4-displacement pumps; 5, 6-back pressure pumps; 7-formation water intermediate container; 8-natural gas intermediate container; 9- CO2 intermediate container; 10-low permeability core holder; 11-high permeability core holder; 12-confining pressure gauge; 13, 14-outlet pressure gauge; 15, 16-back pressure gauge; 17, 18-back pressure valve; 19, 20-separator; 21, 22-cold water bath; 23, 24-gas meter; 25, 26-gas chromatograph; 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36-valves; 37-constant temperature oven.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面根据附图和实施例进一步说明本发明,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明。但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,均在保护之列。The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments, and for those skilled in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the attached claims, they are all protected.
注CO2吞吐提高非均质底水气藏采出程度的方法,通过实验装置完成,该装置结构见图1,通过低渗岩心夹持器10和高渗岩心夹持器11并联,组成岩心并联系统,用以模拟非均质地层;所述岩心并联系统中段连接围压泵1,入口端分别连接地层水中间容器7(底水中间容器连接恒压泵2)、天然气中间容器8(天然气中间容器连接驱替泵3),出口端连接CO2中间容器9(CO2中间容器连接驱替泵4),岩心并联系统和每个中间容器均置于恒温烘箱37中;所述低渗岩心和高渗岩心的出口端分别通过回压阀17、18连接回压泵5、6和分离器19、20,分离器连接气量计23、24和气相色谱仪25、26。The method of injecting CO2 to improve the recovery degree of heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoirs is completed by an experimental device. The structure of the device is shown in Figure 1. A low-permeability core clamp 10 and a high-permeability core clamp 11 are connected in parallel to form a core parallel system to simulate heterogeneous formations; the middle section of the core parallel system is connected to a confining pressure pump 1, and the inlet end is respectively connected to a formation water intermediate container 7 (the bottom water intermediate container is connected to a constant pressure pump 2) and a natural gas intermediate container 8 (the natural gas intermediate container is connected to a displacement pump 3), and the outlet end is connected to a CO2 intermediate container 9 (the CO2 intermediate container is connected to a displacement pump 4). The core parallel system and each intermediate container are placed in a constant temperature oven 37; the outlet ends of the low-permeability core and the high-permeability core are respectively connected to back pressure pumps 5, 6 and separators 19, 20 through back pressure valves 17, 18, and the separators are connected to gas meters 23, 24 and gas chromatographs 25, 26.
一种注CO2吞吐提高非均质底水气藏采出程度的方法,依次包括以下步骤:A method for increasing the recovery of a heterogeneous bottom water gas reservoir by injecting CO2 huff and puff, comprising the following steps in sequence:
一、实验准备1. Experimental Preparation
(1)选择不同渗透率的柱塞岩心,高渗岩心长度L高=82(cm),孔隙体积V高=44.14(cm3);低渗岩心长度L低=83(cm),孔隙体积V低=34.75(cm3)。(1) Plug cores with different permeabilities were selected. The high permeability core had a length Lhigh = 82 (cm) and a pore volume Vhigh = 44.14 (cm 3 ); the low permeability core had a length Llow = 83 (cm) and a pore volume Vlow = 34.75 (cm 3 ).
(2)将地层水、天然气、CO2分别转入中间容器7、8、9中,岩心夹持器10、11中分别放入低渗岩心和高渗岩心,并一同放入恒温烘箱37中,设置恒温烘箱37的温度为地层温度T=92(℃),并保持所有阀门处于关闭状态。(2) Formation water, natural gas and CO2 are transferred into intermediate containers 7, 8 and 9 respectively, low-permeability cores and high-permeability cores are placed in core holders 10 and 11 respectively, and are placed together in a constant temperature oven 37. The temperature of the constant temperature oven 37 is set to the formation temperature T = 92 (℃), and all valves are kept in a closed state.
(2)使用回压泵5和6分别对回压阀17、18进行回压设置,将回压设定到地层压力P=31(MPa)。(2) Use the back pressure pumps 5 and 6 to set the back pressure on the back pressure valves 17 and 18 respectively, and set the back pressure to the formation pressure P = 31 (MPa).
二、建立原始地层条件2. Establishing original formation conditions
(3)使用围压泵1将液压油注入到岩心并联系统内,将围压升至P0=33(MPa)。(3) Use the confining pressure pump 1 to inject hydraulic oil into the core parallel system to increase the confining pressure to P 0 =33 (MPa).
(4)打开阀门27、29、30、31、33、35、36,进恒压泵2,设定恒压泵压力为P0=33(MPa),使地层水中间容器中的水沿管线进入长岩心并联系统内,直至分离器19和20中有水产出。(4) Open valves 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, and 36 to supply constant pressure pump 2. Set the pressure of the constant pressure pump to P 0 = 33 (MPa) so that the water in the formation water intermediate container flows along the pipeline into the long core parallel system until water is produced in separators 19 and 20.
(5)关闭阀门29,使地层水只能通过高渗岩心11,直至分离器20中均匀出水;关闭阀门30,打开阀门29,使地层水只能通过低渗岩心10,直至分离器19中均匀出水;打开阀门30,将恒压泵2压力设定为P=31(MPa),使地层水中间容器的压力稳定在P=31(MPa),直至分离器19和20中不再有水产出。(5) Close valve 29 so that formation water can only pass through high-permeability core 11 until water is evenly discharged from separator 20; close valve 30 and open valve 29 so that formation water can only pass through low-permeability core 10 until water is evenly discharged from separator 19; open valve 30 and set the pressure of constant pressure pump 2 to P=31 (MPa) so that the pressure of the formation water intermediate container is stabilized at P=31 (MPa) until no more water is produced from separators 19 and 20.
(6)关闭阀门27、30,打开阀门28,使用驱替泵3将天然气中间容器8中的天然气注入到低渗岩心10中,直至分离器19中不再出水,计量水体积Vw低=24.3(cm3);关闭阀门29,打开阀门30,使用驱替泵3将天然气中间容器8中的天然气注入到高渗岩心11中,直至分离器20中不再出水,计量水体积Vw高=32.1(cm3)。关闭所有阀门,岩心原始状态建立完毕。(6) Close valves 27 and 30, open valve 28, and use displacement pump 3 to inject natural gas from the natural gas intermediate container 8 into the low permeability core 10 until no water is produced from the separator 19, and the measured water volume V w low = 24.3 (cm 3 ); close valve 29, open valve 30, and use displacement pump 3 to inject natural gas from the natural gas intermediate container 8 into the high permeability core 11, until no water is produced from the separator 20, and the measured water volume V w high = 32.1 (cm 3 ). Close all valves, and the original state of the core is established.
三、地质储量计算3. Calculation of geological reserves
(7)在地层压力下,地层水的体积系数为Bw=1.03,天然气体积系数为Bg=0.00253,高渗长岩心11有效烃类孔隙体积Vp高(cm3)(7) Under formation pressure, the volume coefficient of formation water is Bw = 1.03, the volume coefficient of natural gas is Bg = 0.00253, and the effective hydrocarbon pore volume Vp of high permeability long core 11 is high ( cm3 )
VP高=VW高BW=32.1×1.03=33.06V P high = V W high B W = 32.1 × 1.03 = 33.06
高渗岩心11的原始地质储量为G高(cm3)The original geological reserves of high permeability core 11 are G high (cm 3 )
低渗岩心10的有效烃类孔隙体积Vp低(cm3)The effective hydrocarbon pore volume V p low of the low permeability core 10 (cm 3 )
VP低=Vw低Bw=24.3×1.03=25.03V P low = V w low B w = 24.3 × 1.03 = 25.03
低渗岩心10的原始地质储量为G低(cm3)The original geological reserves of low permeability core 10 are Glow (cm 3 )
并联长岩心总的有效烃类孔隙体积VP(cm3)Total effective hydrocarbon pore volume V P (cm 3 ) of the parallel long cores
VP=VP高+VP低=33.06+25.03=58.09V P = V P high + V P low = 33.06 + 25.03 = 58.09
总的地质储量G(cm3)为:The total geological reserves G (cm 3 ) are:
G=G高+G低=13067.2+9893.3=22960.5。G= Ghigh + Glow =13067.2+9893.3=22960.5.
四、恒压底水驱(分采)4. Constant pressure bottom water drive (separate production)
(8)使用围压泵1将围压压力稳定在P0=33(MPa),使用恒压泵2将地层水中间容器7压力恒定在地层压力下P=31(MPa),读出恒压泵体积V1=10(cm3)。(8) Use the confining pressure pump 1 to stabilize the confining pressure at P 0 =33 (MPa), use the constant pressure pump 2 to keep the pressure of the formation water intermediate container 7 constant at the formation pressure P=31 (MPa), and read the constant pressure pump volume V 1 =10 (cm 3 ).
(9)打开阀门27、29、30、31、33、35、36,同步使用回压泵5、6控制回压阀17、18压力以X=1(MPa/h)的速度,从P=31(MPa)缓慢降至P1=29(MPa),使用分离器19、20分离气和水,采用气量计23、24分别计量累产气体体积G低产=3363.7(cm3)、G高产=7317.8(cm3),读出累计产水量Wp低=12.6(cm3)和Wp高=8.4(cm3)。直至出口端全部产水,关闭阀门31、33、35、36。恒压底水驱实验数据见表1,天然气采收率随压力的变化曲线如图2所示。(9) Open valves 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, and use back pressure pumps 5 and 6 to control the pressure of back pressure valves 17 and 18 to slowly decrease from P = 31 (MPa) to P 1 = 29 (MPa) at a speed of X = 1 (MPa/h). Use separators 19 and 20 to separate gas and water. Use gas meters 23 and 24 to measure the cumulative gas production volume G low production = 3363.7 (cm 3 ) and G high production = 7317.8 (cm 3 ), respectively, and read the cumulative water production W p low = 12.6 (cm 3 ) and W p high = 8.4 (cm 3 ). Close valves 31, 33, 35, 36 until all water is produced at the outlet. The constant pressure bottom water flooding experimental data are shown in Table 1, and the curve of natural gas recovery rate changing with pressure is shown in Figure 2.
表1恒压底水驱实验数据Table 1 Constant pressure bottom water drive experimental data
五、注CO2吞吐(合采)5. CO2 injection and huff and puff (combined production)
(10)打开阀门32、33、34,将高渗岩心和低渗岩心入口端和出口端连接起来,形成长岩心并联系统,并使用回压泵6将回压阀18压力重新设定为P=31(MPa)。使用驱替泵4在地层压力P=31(MPa)下,将CO2中间容器9中的CO2缓慢注入到岩心并联系统内,注入CO2量为0.1VP=5.8(cm3)。(10) Open valves 32, 33, and 34, connect the inlet and outlet ends of the high-permeability core and the low-permeability core to form a long core parallel system, and use the back pressure pump 6 to reset the pressure of the back pressure valve 18 to P = 31 (MPa). Use the displacement pump 4 to slowly inject CO 2 in the CO 2 intermediate container 9 into the core parallel system at a formation pressure of P = 31 (MPa), and the injected CO 2 amount is 0.1V P = 5.8 (cm 3 ).
(11)关闭阀门34,打开阀门36,使用回压泵6控制回压压力从P=31(MPa)以X=1(MPa/h)的速度缓慢下降至29(MPa),产出的气和水经过分离器20分离,直至出口端全部产水,关闭阀门36。读出该阶段的累产水量Wpi=12.4(cm3)(i=1,2,3…n),使用气量计计量气体体积G合i(cm3)(i=1,2,3…n),采用气色谱仪26分析气体组分,得出天然气含量Ni(%)(i=1,2,3…)。重复步骤10—11,重复n=6次,直至Ni<0.1%。关闭所有阀门,读出恒压泵体积V2=75.3(cm3)停止实验。注CO2吞吐合采实验数据见表2,注CO2吞吐轮次提高天然气采出程度变化如图3所示。(11) Close valve 34, open valve 36, use back pressure pump 6 to control the back pressure to slowly decrease from P = 31 (MPa) to 29 (MPa) at a speed of X = 1 (MPa/h), the produced gas and water are separated by separator 20 until all water is produced at the outlet, and valve 36 is closed. Read the cumulative water production W pi = 12.4 (cm 3 ) (i = 1, 2, 3 ... n) at this stage, use a gas meter to measure the gas volume G total i (cm 3 ) (i = 1, 2, 3 ... n), use gas chromatograph 26 to analyze the gas components, and obtain the natural gas content Ni (%) (i = 1, 2, 3 ...). Repeat steps 10-11, repeat n = 6 times, until Ni < 0.1%. Close all valves, read the constant pressure pump volume V 2 = 75.3 (cm 3 ) and stop the experiment. The experimental data of CO2 injection and huff - and-puff combined production are shown in Table 2, and the changes in the degree of natural gas recovery improved by CO2 injection and huff-and-puff cycles are shown in Figure 3.
表2注CO2吞吐合采实验数据Table 2 CO2 injection huff-and-puff combined production experimental data
六、采收率计算6. Recovery factor calculation
注CO2提高底水气藏水侵后期采出程度实验的生产阶段分为恒压底水驱阶段和注CO2吞吐阶段,即累计采收率R(%)应为恒压底水驱阶段采收率R1(%)和注CO2吞吐采收率R2(%)之和。The production stages of the experiment on improving the recovery degree of bottom water gas reservoirs in the late water invasion period by injecting CO 2 are divided into the constant pressure bottom water drive stage and the CO 2 injection huff and puff stage, that is, the cumulative recovery factor R (%) should be the sum of the recovery factor R 1 (%) in the constant pressure bottom water drive stage and the CO 2 injection huff and puff recovery factor R 2 (%).
恒压底水驱阶段低高渗长岩心管采收率R高(%)为:The recovery factor R high (%) of low-high permeability long core tube in constant pressure bottom water flooding stage is:
恒压底水驱阶段低渗长岩心管采收率R低(%)为:The recovery factor Rlow (%) of the low permeability long core tube in the constant pressure bottom water flooding stage is:
恒压底水驱阶段模拟气藏总采收率R1(%)为:The total recovery factor R 1 (%) of the simulated gas reservoir in the constant pressure bottom water flooding stage is:
注CO2吞吐阶段采出天然气体积G合(cm3)Volume of natural gas produced during CO 2 injection huff and puff stage Gto (cm 3 )
注CO2吞吐阶驱段采收率R2(%)为:The recovery factor R 2 (%) of the CO 2 injection and huff-and-puff stage is:
即累计采收率R(%)为:That is, the cumulative recovery factor R (%) is:
七、注入CO2封存量计算7. Calculation of injected CO2 storage volume
在原始气藏压力P=31(MPa),温度T=92(℃)下,CO2体积系数为Bgc=0.00397;根据物质平衡方程可知,注入量为封存量和采出量之和,即在地面条件下:At the original gas reservoir pressure P = 31 (MPa) and temperature T = 92 (℃), the CO 2 volume coefficient is B gc = 0.00397; according to the material balance equation, the injection volume is the sum of the storage volume and the production volume, that is, under ground conditions:
注入CO2总量W(cm3)=CO2封存量W1(cm3)+采出CO2量W2(cm3)Total amount of injected CO 2 W (cm 3 ) = CO 2 storage W 1 (cm 3 ) + CO 2 production W 2 (cm 3 )
CO2中间容器9注入CO2(地面条件下)总量W(cm3)为:The total amount of CO 2 (under ground conditions) injected into the CO 2 intermediate container 9 W (cm 3 ) is:
采出CO2量W2(cm3)为:The amount of CO 2 produced W 2 (cm 3 ) is:
即CO2封存量W1(cm3)为That is, the CO 2 storage capacity W 1 (cm 3 ) is
八、CO2游离气和溶解气计算8. Calculation of CO2 free gas and dissolved gas
实验开始时,并联岩心有效孔隙体积Vp=58.09(cm3)全部被天然气占据;实验结束时,Vp(cm3)被地层水、游离态CO2和天然气占据,在地层条件下:At the beginning of the experiment, the effective pore volume of the parallel core Vp = 58.09 ( cm3 ) was completely occupied by natural gas; at the end of the experiment, Vp ( cm3 ) was occupied by formation water, free CO2 and natural gas. Under the formation conditions:
Vp(cm3)=水侵量(We)+游离CO2量(Gc)+未被采出天然气量(Gres)V p (cm 3 ) = water intrusion (W e ) + free CO 2 (G c ) + unproduced natural gas (G res )
气藏水侵量We(地下体积)为:The water intrusion of gas reservoir We (underground volume) is:
We=Winj-WPBw We = Winj - W P B w
其中:Winj—气藏注水量(地下体积),cm3;Wp—气藏产水量(地上体积),cm3;Where: Winj —water injection volume of gas reservoir (underground volume), cm 3 ; Wp —water production volume of gas reservoir (aboveground volume), cm 3 ;
Winj=V1-V2=75.3-10=65.3 Winj = V1 - V2 = 75.3 - 10 = 65.3
We=65.3-33.4×1.03=33.9 We = 65.3-33.4 × 1.03 = 33.9
未被产出的天然气在地层下的体积为:The volume of unproduced natural gas beneath the formation is:
即游离CO2量在地层下的体积Gc(cm3)为:That is, the volume G c (cm 3 ) of free CO 2 in the formation is:
Gc=VP-We-Gres=58.09-33.9-20.54=3.65G c = VP - We - Gres = 58.09 - 33.9 - 20.54 = 3.65
在地面条件下,岩心游离气量W3(cm3)为:Under surface conditions, the free gas volume W 3 (cm 3 ) in the core is:
注入CO2封存量又分为岩心游离气量W3(cm3)和地层水溶解气量W4(cm3),即:The injected CO 2 storage volume is divided into the free gas volume in the core W 3 (cm 3 ) and the dissolved gas volume in the formation water W 4 (cm 3 ), namely:
W1=W3+W4 W 1 =W 3 +W 4
即地面条件下,地层水溶解CO2量W4(cm3)为:That is, under ground conditions, the amount of CO 2 dissolved in formation water W 4 (cm 3 ) is:
W4=W1-W3=6164.3-919.4=5244.9。W 4 =W 1 -W 3 =6164.3-919.4=5244.9.
CO2采出气量、游离气量和溶解气量对比如图4所示。The comparison of CO2 produced gas volume, free gas volume and dissolved gas volume is shown in Figure 4.
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