CN111879674B - Testing device and method for determining reasonable well closing time based on shale imbibition permeability - Google Patents
Testing device and method for determining reasonable well closing time based on shale imbibition permeability Download PDFInfo
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- CN111879674B CN111879674B CN202010680556.5A CN202010680556A CN111879674B CN 111879674 B CN111879674 B CN 111879674B CN 202010680556 A CN202010680556 A CN 202010680556A CN 111879674 B CN111879674 B CN 111879674B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device and a method for determining reasonable well plugging time based on shale imbibition permeability, wherein the testing device comprises a shell, an axial load loading system, a well plugging simulation system, a confining pressure loading system and a permeability testing system, the shell is a hollow cube and comprises a side shell, an end surface shell and a sealing block, the left end and the right end of the side shell are respectively connected with the sealing block and the end surface shell in a sealing mode, a liquid injection port is formed in the right end of the side shell, and a downstream air outlet is formed in the center of the end surface shell. The method considers the influence of the mudflat imbibition of the shale on the permeability of the shale under the reservoir condition, including the temperature, the fluid pressure of the liquid in the retention fracture after the pump is stopped, and the reservoir confining pressure, and can be closer to the real situation of the stratum, so that the obtained mudflat time is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic fracturing, in particular to a testing device and method for determining reasonable well-closing time based on shale imbibition permeability.
Background
The method increases the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources, improves the national energy safety supply guarantee, is the current urgent task of each large petroleum company in China, in recent years, researchers find that the flowback rate of most unconventional fracturing wells of a reservoir is extremely low, the reservoir contains a large amount of retained fracturing fluid, and more viewpoints consider that the shale contains abundant nano-scale pores, can generate enough capillary force to enable the retained fracturing fluid to enter the deep part of the reservoir through a seepage way, simultaneously, oil and gas in the pores are displaced through oil-water displacement, micro-cracks can be generated in rock samples, further, the fracturing fluid retained in a slotted network system is effectively cleared, the water lock effect of an effective channel for flowing the oil and gas is automatically released, the production capacity of the reservoir is improved to a certain extent, and the researchers and field engineers propose a measure for adopting a sealed well before the fracturing well is put into production, in order to utilize the imbibition mechanism to the maximum extent, there is another view that the imbibition does not always play a positive role in the stimulation and modification of oil and gas reservoirs, even if the lithology belongs to shale or compact sandstone, the interaction between the fracturing fluid and the rock can bring negative effects, such as the closure of microcracks caused by hydration and expansion of clay, and sediments generated by the erosion action of minerals block flow channels.
However, the permeability testing device in the current shale imbibition process still has shortcomings in some aspects, wherein in the Liu faith (CN109060634A) device experimental method, the shale is saturated with water content of different degrees and then permeability testing is carried out, and because the two processes are in relatively independent equipment, the accuracy of experimental results can be influenced due to the change of environmental conditions in the docking process, and the influence of reservoir conditions cannot be considered. In the method for determining the reasonable shortest well-closing time disclosed by great varight (CN108387501A), only the time point of violent shaking occurring in the water absorption rate curve of the unit pore volume of the rock sample is selected as the well-closing time, but the time point is not necessarily the optimal time point for improving the permeability of the rock sample. In other published relevant documents and patents, most rock samples are in spontaneous imbibition, and it is not considered that the fracturing fluid in a fracture network system still has certain fluid pressure after the pump is stopped, so that the forced imbibition effect is achieved, so that the permeability rule of the shale reservoir in the well closing process needs to be researched by combining with the real conditions of the reservoir, and effective evaluation and guidance are carried out for determining the reasonable well closing time of the shale reservoir.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a testing device and a testing method for determining reasonable well-closing time based on shale imbibition permeability, which consider the influences of overburden pressure, confining pressure, fluid pressure in a seam after pump stopping and reservoir temperature and can simulate the evolution law of permeability during well-closing by being closer to the real situation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the testing device for determining the reasonable stuffy well time based on the shale imbibition permeability comprises a shell, an axial load loading system, a stuffy well simulation system, a confining pressure loading system and a permeability testing system;
the shell is a hollow cube and comprises a side shell, an end surface shell and a sealing block, the left end and the right end of the side shell are respectively connected with the sealing block and the end surface shell in a sealing mode, a liquid injection port is formed in the right end of the side shell, and a downstream air outlet is formed in the center of the end surface shell;
the axial load loading system comprises an axial load loader and a test rock sample, wherein the output end of the axial load loader penetrates through the center of the sealing block and enters the shell, two ends of the test rock sample are respectively abutted against the axial load loader and the end face shell, the axial load loader applies load to the test rock sample, the test rock sample is suspended in the right center of the shell, and the right end area of the shell corresponding to the test rock sample is an infiltration chamber;
the stifled well simulation system comprises a seepage liquid tank and a temperature controller, the seepage liquid tank is connected with the liquid injection port, a valve of the seepage liquid tank and a first pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline, and the temperature controller is arranged in the shell;
the confining pressure loading system comprises a hydraulic block moving controller, a hydraulic block, a buckle controller, a buckle and a hydraulic oil tank, wherein the hydraulic block moving controller penetrates through the sealing block to be connected with the hydraulic block inside the shell, the length of the hydraulic block is the same as that of the tested rock sample, a middle channel matched with the tested rock sample is arranged in the center of the hydraulic block, a hydraulic block injection port is formed in the hydraulic block, when the hydraulic block completely moves to the infiltration chamber, the hydraulic block injection port is opposite to the liquid injection port, the buckle controller penetrates through the lateral shell to be connected with the buckle inside the shell, the buckle is used for preventing the hydraulic block from moving randomly, the hydraulic oil tank is connected with the liquid injection port, and a hydraulic oil tank valve and the first pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline;
the permeability testing system comprises an upstream gas tank, a gas flowmeter and a gas-liquid collector, wherein the upstream gas tank is connected with the left end of the testing rock sample, a second pressure sensor and an upstream gas tank valve are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline, the gas-liquid collector is connected with the right end of the testing rock sample or the downstream gas outlet, and the gas flowmeter, a third pressure sensor and a downstream gas outlet valve are sequentially arranged on the connected pipeline.
Preferably, the left end and the right end of the test rock sample are respectively provided with a round left filter sheet and a round right filter sheet.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the right filter plate is larger than the outer diameter of the test rock sample.
Preferably, the inner surface of the end surface shell is provided with a buffer block.
Preferably, the inner surfaces of the liquid injection port and the liquid injection port of the hydraulic block are provided with lines matched with the outer surface of a liquid input pipeline, and when the hydraulic block is completely moved to the infiltration and absorption chamber, the liquid input pipeline is meshed/in threaded connection with the liquid injection port and the liquid injection port of the hydraulic block.
Preferably, the downstream air outlet is in a circular step shape, the inner diameter of the circular step closer to the test rock sample is larger, and the inner diameter at the maximum position is the same as the outer diameter of the test rock sample.
Preferably, the buckle is triangular prism shape, and the side face close to the hydraulic block is at right angle with the bottom face.
On the other hand, the testing method for determining the reasonable well plugging time based on the shale imbibition permeability is also provided, the testing device is adopted for testing, and the testing method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing a test rock sample in a imbibition chamber through an axial load loader, applying an axial load simulating the formation upper layer pressure to the test rock sample, and opening a temperature controller to enable the temperature inside the shell to reach the simulated formation temperature;
s2: opening a buckle through a buckle controller, completely moving a hydraulic block to a seepage chamber through a hydraulic block moving controller, enabling an injection port of the hydraulic block to be opposite to a liquid injection port, opening a hydraulic oil tank valve, and injecting hydraulic oil into the hydraulic block to enable the hydraulic block to achieve a confining pressure condition of a simulated formation;
s3: opening an upstream gas tank valve and a downstream gas outlet valve, injecting gas into the test rock sample through an upstream gas tank, respectively reading pressure values on a second pressure sensor and a third pressure sensor after the gas flow detected by a gas flowmeter is stable, and calculating gas permeability according to the pressure values;
s4: closing the upstream air tank valve and the downstream air outlet valve, recycling a part of the hydraulic oil injected in the step S2 into the hydraulic oil tank, reducing the confining pressure until the hydraulic block can move, opening the buckle through the buckle controller, moving the hydraulic block to the left side of the imbibition chamber, and closing the buckle;
s5: closing a hydraulic oil tank valve, opening a seepage and absorption liquid tank valve, injecting seepage and absorption liquid into the seepage and absorption chamber, and entering a well closing stage;
s6: when the well closing time reaches a certain time interval, the imbibition liquid injected in the step S5 is recycled into the imbibition liquid tank, the valve of the imbibition liquid tank is closed, the pressure of the upper stream and the lower stream of the test rock sample is adjusted, the pressure of the lower stream is higher than the pressure of the upper stream, the imbibition liquid in the gas-liquid collector is re-injected into the test rock sample, the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, and the gas logging permeability at different well closing times is measured;
s7: and after the well is sealed, drawing a well-sealing time-permeability curve, determining whether the well is sealed according to the form of the curve, and if the increment of the curve for three times and ten minutes is less than 0.01mD when the well is sealed, determining the corresponding well-sealing time as the reasonable well-sealing time.
Preferably, the calculation formula for calculating the gas permeability according to the pressure value is as follows:
in the formula:
k is gas permeability, 10-3μm2；P0Atmospheric pressure, MPa; mu.sgIs the gas viscosity, mPas; l is the length of the test rock sample, cm; a is the cross-sectional area of the test rock sample, cm2；Pin、PoutAbsolute pressures, MPa, measured upstream and downstream, respectively;
T0experimental temperature for imbibition room, K;
the average flow rate of the gas measured under the experimental conditions, mL/s.
Preferably, whether the well closing is required in S7 in step S8 is determined according to the following method:
if the permeability is reduced along with the prolongation of the well-closing time in the economic well-closing time allowed on site, the well-closing is not needed;
if the permeability increases progressively along with the prolonging of the well-closing time within the economic well-closing time allowed by the site from the certain well-closing time to the end of the well-closing time, the well-closing is needed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method considers the influence of the mudflat imbibition of the shale on the permeability of the shale under the reservoir condition, including temperature, fluid pressure of liquid retained in a crack after pump stop, reservoir confining pressure, and the like, and can be closer to the real situation of a stratum.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a testing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydraulic block of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of a clip of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a side housing of the testing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a side housing of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an axial load loader of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing block of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the end face housing of the testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the liquid inlet line of the test apparatus of the present invention during installation;
FIG. 10 is a plot of stuffer time versus permeability for a first well test method of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a plot of the second stuffer time versus permeability for the test method of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a plot of the third stuffer time versus permeability for the test methods of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-axial load loader, 2-hydraulic block moving controller, 3-sealing block, 4-hydraulic block, 5-side surface shell, 6-end surface shell, 7-buffer block, 8-buckle controller, 9-buckle, 10-hydraulic block injection port, 11-right filter plate, 12-temperature controller, 13-second pressure sensor, 14-upstream gas tank, 15-imbibition tank, 16-hydraulic oil tank, 17-gas-liquid collector, 18-gas flowmeter, 19-third pressure sensor, 20-upstream gas tank valve, 21-imbibition tank valve, 22-hydraulic oil tank valve, 23-downstream gas outlet valve, 24-downstream gas outlet, 25-imbibition chamber, 26-first pressure sensor, 27-liquid injection port, 28-intermediate channel, 29-test rock sample, 30-liquid input pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and the technical features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used in the present disclosure should have the ordinary meaning as understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" and the like in the present disclosure is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before the term cover the elements or items listed after the term and their equivalents, but not to exclude other elements or items.
As shown in fig. 1-9, in one aspect, the present invention provides a testing apparatus for determining a reasonable blank-hole time based on shale imbibition permeability, which includes a housing, an axial load loading system, a blank-hole simulation system, a confining pressure loading system, and a permeability testing system;
the shell is a hollow cube and comprises a side shell 5, an end surface shell 6 and a sealing block 3, the left end and the right end of the side shell 5 are respectively connected with the sealing block 3 and the end surface shell 6 in a sealing mode, a liquid injection port 27 is formed in the right end of the side shell 5, and a downstream air outlet 24 is formed in the center of the end surface shell 6;
the axial load loading system comprises an axial load loader 1 and a test rock sample 29, the output end of the axial load loader 1 penetrates through the center of the sealing block 3 and enters the shell, two ends of the test rock sample 29 are respectively abutted against the axial load loader 1 and the end face shell 6, a load is applied to the test rock sample 29 through the axial load loader 1, the test rock sample 29 is suspended in the right center of the shell, and the right end area of the shell corresponding to the test rock sample 29 is a seepage chamber 25;
the well plugging simulation system comprises a imbibition liquid tank 15 and a temperature controller 12, wherein the imbibition liquid tank 15 is connected with the liquid injection port 27, an imbibition liquid tank valve 21 and a first pressure sensor 26 are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline, and the temperature controller 12 is arranged inside the shell;
the confining pressure loading system comprises a hydraulic block moving controller 2, a hydraulic block 4, a buckle controller 8, a buckle 9 and a hydraulic oil tank 16, the hydraulic block moving controller 2 passes through the sealing block 3 to be connected with a hydraulic block 4 in the shell, the length of the hydraulic block 4 is the same as that of the test rock sample 29, the center of the hydraulic block 4 is provided with a middle channel 28 matched with the test rock sample 29, the hydraulic block 4 is provided with a hydraulic block injection port 10, when the hydraulic block 4 is completely moved to the infiltration and absorption chamber 25, the injection port 10 of the hydraulic block is opposite to the liquid injection port 27, the buckle controller 8 penetrates through the side shell 5 to be connected with a buckle 9 in the shell, the buckle 9 is used for preventing the hydraulic block 4 from moving freely, the hydraulic oil tank 16 is connected with the liquid injection port 27, a hydraulic oil tank valve 22 and the first pressure sensor 26 are sequentially arranged on the connected pipelines;
the permeability testing system comprises an upstream gas tank 14, a gas flowmeter 18 and a gas-liquid collector 17, wherein the upstream gas tank 14 is connected with the left end of the testing rock sample 29, a second pressure sensor 13 and an upstream gas tank valve 20 are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline, the gas-liquid collector 17 is connected with the right end of the testing rock sample 29 or the downstream gas outlet 24, and the gas flowmeter 18, a third pressure sensor 19 and a downstream gas outlet valve 23 are sequentially arranged on the connected pipeline.
In order to avoid impurity entering the test rock sample, optionally, the left and right both ends of test rock sample 29 are equipped with circular shape left cassette and right cassette 11 respectively, the external diameter of right cassette 11 is greater than the external diameter of test rock sample 29, so can guarantee the leakproofness of device.
In order to avoid that the hydraulic block 4 directly acts on the end surface shell 6 during the movement to generate corresponding stress damage, and influence the confining pressure loading of the test rock sample 29, optionally, the inner surface of the end surface shell 6 is provided with a buffer block 7.
In a specific embodiment, the inner surfaces of the hydraulic block injection port 10 and the liquid injection port 27 are provided with a texture matching the outer surface of the liquid input conduit 30, and the liquid input conduit 30 is engaged/threaded with the hydraulic block injection port 10 and the liquid injection port 27 when the hydraulic block 4 is fully moved to the infiltration chamber 25.
In a specific embodiment, the downstream air outlet 24 is circular step-shaped inside, and the inner diameter of the circular step closer to the test rock sample 29 is larger, and the inner diameter of the circular step closest to the test rock sample 29 is the same as the outer diameter of the test rock sample 29, so that the test rock sample 29 can be limited, and the test rock sample 29 can be suspended more stably.
In a specific embodiment, the buckle 9 is a triangular prism, and the side surface close to the hydraulic block 4 is at a right angle with the bottom surface, so that it is more convenient for the buckle controller 8 to control the buckle 9 to move to the outside of the housing for opening and to return to the original position for closing.
In a specific embodiment, the axial load loader 1, the hydraulic block movement controller 2, the snap-in controller 8, the temperature controller 12, the pressure sensor, the upstream gas tank 14, the imbibition liquid tank 15, the hydraulic oil tank 16, the gas flow meter 18 and the like are connected with a computer, so that more precise control and data acquisition can be realized.
It should be noted that the materials used for the components in the testing device do not react chemically with the seepage liquid and the gas in the upstream gas tank, and optionally, the hydraulic block is made of soft glue. The principle of the hydraulic block moving controller 2 for controlling the hydraulic block 4 is the same as the principle of the buckle controller 8 for controlling the buckle 9, and the controller applies force to the controlled object, so that the controlled object moves, the force can be applied manually during the force application, and other modes such as a linear reciprocating motion mechanism like a linear reciprocating motor can also be adopted for realizing the force application.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a testing method for determining reasonable well-closing time based on the shale imbibition permeability, which adopts any one of the testing devices to test and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: manufacturing a test rock sample which is cylindrical and has the size of 25mm multiplied by 50mm or 38mm multiplied by 76mm, fixing the test rock sample 29 in the infiltration chamber 25 through the axial load loader 1, applying an axial load simulating the formation upper layer pressure to the test rock sample 29, and opening the temperature controller 12 to enable the temperature in the shell to reach the simulated formation temperature;
s2: the buckle 9 is opened through the buckle controller 8, the hydraulic block 4 is completely moved to the imbibition chamber 25 through the hydraulic block moving controller 2, the hydraulic block injection port 10 is opposite to the liquid injection port 27, the hydraulic oil tank valve 16 is opened, and hydraulic oil is injected into the hydraulic block 4 to achieve the confining pressure condition of the simulated formation;
s3: opening an upstream gas tank valve 20 and a downstream gas outlet valve 23, injecting gas into the test rock sample 29 through an upstream gas tank 14, respectively reading pressure values on a second pressure sensor 13 and a third pressure sensor 19 after the gas flow detected by a gas flowmeter 18 is stable, and calculating according to the pressure values through a formula (1) and a formula (2) to obtain the initial gas logging permeability before the test rock sample is imbibed;
s4: closing the upstream air tank valve 20 and the downstream air outlet valve 23, recycling a part of the hydraulic oil injected in the step S2 into the hydraulic oil tank 16, reducing the confining pressure to the movable hydraulic block 4, opening the buckle 9 through the buckle controller 8, moving the hydraulic block 4 to the left side of the imbibition chamber 25, and closing the buckle 9;
s5: closing a hydraulic oil tank valve 22, opening a seepage and absorption liquid tank valve 21, injecting seepage and absorption liquid into the seepage and absorption chamber 25, and entering a well closing stage;
s6: after the well closing time reaches a certain time interval, the imbibition liquid injected in the step S5 is recycled into the imbibition liquid tank 15, the valve 21 of the imbibition liquid tank is closed, the pressure of the upper stream and the lower stream of the test rock sample 29 is adjusted, the pressure of the lower stream is higher than the pressure of the upper stream, the imbibition liquid in the gas-liquid collector 17 is re-injected into the test rock sample 29, the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, and the gas logging permeability at different well closing times is measured;
s7: and after the well is sealed, drawing a well-sealing time-permeability curve, determining whether the well is sealed according to the form of the curve, and if the increment of the curve for three times and ten minutes is less than 0.01mD when the well is sealed, determining the corresponding well-sealing time as the reasonable well-sealing time.
The stuffy well time-permeability curves are roughly divided into three types, which are respectively shown in figures 10-12, and if the curve result is shown in figure 10 in the economic stuffy well time allowed on site, the permeability is always reduced along with the prolonging of the stuffy well time, so that the stuffy well can be considered not to be selected; if the curve results are shown in fig. 11 and fig. 12, the permeability increases gradually along with the extension of the closed well time from the closed well time to the end of the closed well time, the closed well is selected, and the closed well time corresponding to the continuous three ten-minute increment of the permeability of less than 0.01mD is the reasonable closed well time.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A testing device for determining reasonable well-closing time based on shale permeability is characterized by comprising a shell, an axial load loading system, a well-closing simulation system, a confining pressure loading system and a permeability testing system;
the shell is a hollow cube and comprises a side shell, an end surface shell and a sealing block, the left end and the right end of the side shell are respectively connected with the sealing block and the end surface shell in a sealing mode, a liquid injection port is formed in the right end of the side shell, and a downstream air outlet is formed in the center of the end surface shell;
the axial load loading system comprises an axial load loader and a test rock sample, wherein the output end of the axial load loader penetrates through the center of the sealing block and enters the shell, two ends of the test rock sample are respectively abutted against the axial load loader and the end face shell, the axial load loader applies load to the test rock sample, the test rock sample is suspended in the right center of the shell, and the right end area of the shell corresponding to the test rock sample is an infiltration chamber;
the stifled well simulation system comprises a seepage liquid tank and a temperature controller, the seepage liquid tank is connected with the liquid injection port, a valve of the seepage liquid tank and a first pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline, and the temperature controller is arranged in the shell;
the confining pressure loading system comprises a hydraulic block moving controller, a hydraulic block, a buckle controller, a buckle and a hydraulic oil tank, wherein the hydraulic block moving controller penetrates through the sealing block to be connected with the hydraulic block inside the shell, the length of the hydraulic block is the same as that of the tested rock sample, a middle channel matched with the tested rock sample is arranged in the center of the hydraulic block, a hydraulic block injection port is formed in the hydraulic block, when the hydraulic block completely moves to the infiltration chamber, the hydraulic block injection port is opposite to the liquid injection port, the buckle controller penetrates through the lateral shell to be connected with the buckle inside the shell, the buckle is used for preventing the hydraulic block from moving randomly, the hydraulic oil tank is connected with the liquid injection port, and a hydraulic oil tank valve and the first pressure sensor are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline;
the permeability testing system comprises an upstream gas tank, a gas flowmeter and a gas-liquid collector, wherein the upstream gas tank is connected with the left end of the testing rock sample, a second pressure sensor and an upstream gas tank valve are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline, the gas-liquid collector is connected with the right end of the testing rock sample or the downstream gas outlet, and the gas flowmeter, a third pressure sensor and a downstream gas outlet valve are sequentially arranged on the connected pipeline.
2. The shale imbibition permeability-based test device for determining reasonable mudflat time as claimed in claim 1, wherein the left and right ends of the test rock sample are respectively provided with a left filter and a right filter which are circular.
3. The shale imbibition permeability based testing apparatus for determining reasonable mudflat time of claim 2, wherein an outer diameter of the right filter is larger than an outer diameter of the test rock sample.
4. The shale imbibition permeability based test apparatus for determining reasonable blind well time of claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the face-side casing is provided with a bumper.
5. The shale imbibition permeability based test apparatus for determining reasonable mudflat time of claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the hydraulic block injection port and the liquid injection port are provided with a texture matching an outer surface of a liquid input pipe, and the liquid input pipe is engaged/threaded with the hydraulic block injection port and the liquid injection port when the hydraulic block is fully moved to the imbibition chamber.
6. The testing device for determining the reasonable blank well time based on the shale imbibition permeability as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interior of the downstream air outlet is in a circular step shape, and the inner diameter of the circular step closer to the test rock sample is larger, and the inner diameter at the maximum position is the same as the outer diameter of the test rock sample.
7. The test device for determining the reasonable mudflat time based on the shale permeability as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the buckle is in a triangular prism shape, and the side surface close to the hydraulic block is at a right angle with the bottom surface.
8. A testing method for determining reasonable well plugging time based on shale permeability, which is characterized in that the testing device of any one of claims 1-7 is used for testing, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: fixing a test rock sample in a imbibition chamber through an axial load loader, applying an axial load simulating the formation upper layer pressure to the test rock sample, and opening a temperature controller to enable the temperature inside the shell to reach the simulated formation temperature;
s2: opening a buckle through a buckle controller, completely moving a hydraulic block to a seepage chamber through a hydraulic block moving controller, enabling an injection port of the hydraulic block to be opposite to a liquid injection port, opening a hydraulic oil tank valve, and injecting hydraulic oil into the hydraulic block to enable the hydraulic block to achieve a confining pressure condition of a simulated formation;
s3: opening an upstream gas tank valve and a downstream gas outlet valve, injecting gas into the test rock sample through an upstream gas tank, respectively reading pressure values on a second pressure sensor and a third pressure sensor after the gas flow detected by a gas flowmeter is stable, and calculating gas permeability according to the pressure values;
s4: closing the upstream air tank valve and the downstream air outlet valve, recycling a part of the hydraulic oil injected in the step S2 into the hydraulic oil tank, reducing the confining pressure until the hydraulic block can move, opening the buckle through the buckle controller, moving the hydraulic block to the left side of the imbibition chamber, and closing the buckle;
s5: closing a hydraulic oil tank valve, opening a seepage and absorption liquid tank valve, injecting seepage and absorption liquid into the seepage and absorption chamber, and entering a well closing stage;
s6: when the well closing time reaches a certain time interval, the imbibition liquid injected in the step S5 is recycled into the imbibition liquid tank, the valve of the imbibition liquid tank is closed, the pressure of the upper stream and the lower stream of the test rock sample is adjusted, the pressure of the lower stream is higher than the pressure of the upper stream, the imbibition liquid in the gas-liquid collector is re-injected into the test rock sample, the steps S2 and S3 are repeated, and the gas logging permeability at different well closing times is measured;
s7: and after the well is sealed, drawing a well-sealing time-permeability curve, determining whether the well is sealed according to the form of the curve, and if the increment of the curve for three times and ten minutes is less than 0.01mD when the well is sealed, determining the corresponding well-sealing time as the reasonable well-sealing time.
9. The test method for determining reasonable blank-hole time based on shale imbibition permeability as claimed in claim 8, wherein the calculation formula for calculating gas logging permeability according to the pressure value is as follows:
in the formula:
k is gas permeability, 10-3μm2；P0Atmospheric pressure, MPa; mu.sgIs the gas viscosity, mPas; l is a test rock sampleLength, cm; a is the cross-sectional area of the test rock sample, cm2；Pin、PoutAbsolute pressures, MPa, measured upstream and downstream, respectively; t is0Experimental temperature for imbibition room, K;
the average flow rate of the gas measured under the experimental conditions, mL/s.
10. The test method for determining reasonable blank-hole time based on shale permeability of claim 8, wherein the determination of whether a blank-hole is required in step S7 is made according to the following method:
if the permeability is reduced along with the prolongation of the well-closing time in the economic well-closing time allowed on site, the well-closing is not needed;
if the permeability increases progressively along with the prolonging of the well-closing time within the economic well-closing time allowed by the site from the certain well-closing time to the end of the well-closing time, the well-closing is needed.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN113586023B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2022-07-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method and equipment for determining well closing time after shale oil reservoir pressure |
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