CN204721316U - A kind of low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer - Google Patents
A kind of low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer Download PDFInfo
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- CN204721316U CN204721316U CN201520158967.2U CN201520158967U CN204721316U CN 204721316 U CN204721316 U CN 204721316U CN 201520158967 U CN201520158967 U CN 201520158967U CN 204721316 U CN204721316 U CN 204721316U
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Abstract
A kind of singly balanced active mixer that can work at low supply voltages.Comprise the ac coupling capacitor C0 of RF input signal (Vrf), direct current biasing resistance R0, input pipe N1 and offset N0 thereof; Also comprise the metal-oxide-semiconductor N2 as load, N3, P2 and P3, wherein, N2 and P2 is connected to positive local oscillation signal (Vlop) by electric capacity C2 and C3, N3 and P3 is connected to negative local oscillation signal (Vlon) by electric capacity C4 and C5; The direct current biasing of the grid of load pipe P2 and P3 is provided by P0; The biased of grid of load pipe N2 and N3 is provided by resistance R1, and biasing resistor R1 and offset N0, on same current path, ensures that the bias voltage of N2 and N3 is slightly higher than the bias voltage of N1.The utility model solves the problem that existing active mixer is difficult to work under the low-voltage of pole, and has lower power consumption.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relate to the frequency mixer in radio-frequency front-end; especially the active mixer of low-voltage and low-power dissipation; adopt CMOS technology; in low pressure Digital Analog Hybrid Circuits, there is larger advantage; and structure is simple; compared with conventional mixer, when low voltage operating, there is lower power consumption, belong to integrated circuit (IC) design field.
Background technology
Along with the progress of CMOS integrated circuit processing technique, the size of metal-oxide-semiconductor is more and more less, and operating frequency is also more and more higher, and CMOS technology can manufacture several GHz even radio circuit of tens GHz.On the other hand, CMOS technology is particularly suitable for manufacturing the digital circuit of low-power consumption, and therefore, radio circuit and digital circuit are often integrated in monolithic chip, forms SOC(system on chip) design.Along with the reduction of metal-oxide-semiconductor size, its voltage endurance capability is also more and more lower, and on the other hand, from reducing the angle of power consumption, low voltage operating is also the trend of future chips design, and it is even lower that the supply voltage of up-to-date 45nm technique has been reduced to 1.2V.
To digital circuit, lower supply voltage can reduce the amplitude of oscillation, raising speed reduce power consumption, but for radio frequency and analog circuit, lower supply voltage is obvious advantage not, result in the series of problems such as the reduction of voltage swing, the reduction of dynamic range, the change of operating state on the contrary.Frequency mixer is as the important module of radio-frequency front-end, and carry the task of conversion mutually between radiofrequency signal and intermediate-freuqncy signal, its performance also receives the impact that voltage reduces.
Traditional active mixer (single-balanced structure) as shown in Figure 1, as mentioned above, along with the reduction of supply voltage VDD, certain quiescent current can be consumed as R1 and R2 of load resistance in Fig. 1, thus produce certain static drop, like this as N1 and N2 of switching tube and will be compressed as the operating voltage of the N0 of radiofrequency signal input pipe.If supply voltage is very low, so above-mentioned three pipes are easy to because voltage margin departs from normal operating conditions not.
Fig. 1 also has a shortcoming to be exactly, the transfer function formula according to frequency mixer:
（1）
Want to improve radiofrequency signal to the gain of intermediate-freuqncy signal, or increase resistance R1, or the gm0 of raising N0 pipe, the former can further compression work voltage, and the latter significantly can increase power consumption, all can bring difficulty to design.
In formula (1)
,
This expression formula just must be set up when local oscillation signal Vlop and Vlon is desirable long arc square wave, and that is, N1 and N2 must operate on off state, otherwise gain can significantly reduce, and even works abnormal.But along with the raising of rf frequency, the existence of various parasitic capacitance seriously can change the waveform of this signal, makes square wave be difficult to existence, and tends to be low-pass filtered the approximate sine wave that becomes; Long arc signal means larger power consumption in addition, unfavorable for reduction power consumption.
Summary of the invention
The utility model, for the deficiency of conventional active frequency mixer technology, proposes a kind of active mixer of low-voltage and low-power dissipation, under can being operated in lower supply voltage, not high to local oscillation signal amplitude requirement, and can obtain higher gain.Concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer.Comprise the ac coupling capacitor C0 of RF input signal (Vrf), direct current biasing resistance R0, radio frequency input pipe N1 and direct current biasing pipe N0 thereof.It is characterized in that the grid of described radio frequency input pipe N1 is connected by direct current biasing resistance R0 with the grid of described direct current biasing pipe N0, and the grid of described N0 pipe is connected with the drain electrode of himself; The drain electrode of described radio frequency input pipe N1 is connected with the source electrode of load pipe N3 with load pipe N2, and the drain electrode of described load pipe N2 is connected with the drain electrode of load pipe P2, and the drain electrode of described load pipe N3 is connected with the drain electrode of load pipe P3.The node that IF output signal Vifn is connected from described load pipe N2 with described load pipe P2 is drawn, and the node that IF output signal Vifp is connected from described load pipe N3 with described load pipe P3 is drawn.
Described a kind of low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer, is characterized in that described load pipe N2 is connected with positive local oscillation signal Vlop respectively by electric capacity C2 with C3 with the grid of described load pipe P2; Described load pipe N3 is connected with negative local oscillation signal Vlon respectively by electric capacity C4 with C5 with the grid of described load pipe P3.
Described a kind of low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer, it is characterized in that the direct voltage of the grid of described load pipe P2 and load pipe P3 is all provided by direct current biasing pipe P0, the grid of described P0 pipe is connected with drain electrode, and providing operating current by bias current sources I2, described DC offset voltage receives the grid of load pipe P2 and load pipe P3 respectively by resistance R3 and R5.The direct voltage of the grid of described load pipe N2 and N3 is provided by a resistance R1 of series connection on described N0 pipe, the upper terminal voltage of described resistance R1 is as DC offset voltage, slightly higher than the gate voltage of described N0 pipe, this voltage is connected to the grid of described N2 and N3 pipe by resistance R2 and R4.
Advantage of the present utility model and remarkable result:
1, adopt the resistance in the PMOS replacement conventional mixer being operated in linear zone, do not consume quiescent voltage, be applicable to working at lower voltages.
2, adopt the NMOS tube being operated in linear zone to replace the switch in conventional mixer, obviously can reduce the requirement of amplitude to local oscillation signal and waveform, thus reduce the power consumption of local oscillation circuit.
3, the MOS load resistance adopted is variable resistor, under very low power consumption, can obtain larger voltage swing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure principle chart of traditional singly balanced active mixer.
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of the utility model low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer.
Fig. 3 is the simplified model figure of the utility model low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer.
Fig. 4 is the structure principle chart that the another kind of the utility model low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer is implemented.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
The structure principle chart of low-voltage and low-power dissipation frequency mixer of the present utility model as shown in Figure 2, compared with the traditional singly balanced active mixer shown in Fig. 1, has similarity, also has difference.
Similarity is, radiofrequency signal Vrf is the grid being connected to a NMOS tube by AC coupled, by the mutual conductance gm of this NMOS tube, radio frequency voltage signal is converted to current radio frequency signal; Also have some similarities to be, described current radio frequency signal is all connected to (N2, N3 of N1, N2 and Fig. 2 of Fig. 1) in two NMOS tube, and the grid of these two NMOS tube is all connected respectively on positive and negative local oscillation signal Vlop and Vlon.
But, the effect of described two NMOS tube in the utility model is completely different with the effect in traditional single balance mixer, in traditional single balance mixer (Fig. 1), N1 and N2 is as switching tube work, local oscillation signal Vlop and Vlon that its grid connects must be the square-wave signal that the amplitude of oscillation is larger, makes current radio frequency signal periodically respectively flow through N1 or N2.And in the utility model (Fig. 2), N2 and N3 be not as switch, the direct voltage of its grid end is biased to a rational current potential by R1 resistance, it is made to be operated in linear resistance district, and local oscillation signal Vlop and Vlon by AC coupled in its grid terminal voltage of higher frequency shift, become thyrite.
An obvious difference of the utility model and traditional singly balanced active mixer is, two switching tubes of conventional mixer are connected to two resistance R1 and R2 to power supply, as the load of radio-frequency current, radio-frequency current is converted to the voltage of intermediate frequency, and in the utility model, the position corresponding with described two resistance is replaced by two PMOS P2 and P3, and these two PMOS are connected on local oscillation signal by AC coupled, its direct voltage is produced by P0 pipe, this makes P2 similar with N3 with P3 and N2, also resistance area is operated in, and become thyrite.
According to above explanation, as shown in Figure 3, radio-frequency voltage Vrf is converted to radio-frequency current gm*Vrf to simplified model of the present utility model, it is by thyrite Rn2 that this radio-frequency current is upwards looked, two branch roads of Rp2 and Rn3, Rp3 composition, the former controls by voltage Vlop, and the latter controls by voltage Vlon.
According to electric current distribution principle, the electric current that we can obtain flowing to two branch roads is respectively:
So IF output signal can be expressed as:
From mathematic(al) representation, the output of frequency mixer should be the product of radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal, and in formula (4), only have radiofrequency signal Vrf, there is no local oscillation signal, and in fact, four resistance Rn2, Rn3, Rp2, Rp3 are the functions of local oscillation signal Vlop and Vlon, if therefore designing suitable is the mathematic(al) representation that can meet frequency mixer completely.
The resistance formula being operated in the NMOS tube of resistance area is:
Wherein K is the constant that technique determines, to PMOS
, to NMOS tube
.
As previously mentioned, local oscillation signal of the present utility model is not high to amplitude requirement, so for simplifying the analysis, we analyze local oscillation signal as small-signal, because Vlop and Vlon phase difference is 180 degree, when small-signal analysis, replace Vlop with dv, so just can replace Vlon with-dv.In addition, according to the general rule of small-signal analysis, we are superimposed upon small-signal on common-mode voltage, and as previously mentioned, common-mode voltage is again fixing, and therefore we can the Vgs-Vth Vc+dv in formula (5), and wherein Vc is fixed constant, we are indifferent to its concrete value, as long as know that it is that the constant relevant to common-mode voltage is just passable.
So the expression formula of four resistance just can be listed as follows
Formula (6) brought in formula (4), arrangement obtains:
（7）
Namely formula (7) Middle molecule is the product of radiofrequency signal and local oscillation signal, the mathematic(al) representation that frequency mixer is the most original just, if local oscillation signal is enough little, its quadratic component is negligible, denominator just becomes a constant term, and so expression formula (7) just becomes the using standard mathematical expression formula of a frequency mixer.
Certainly, generally local oscillation signal is not small-signal, and so formula (7) should use Taylor expansion to expand into power series, as follows:
（8）
2 times of local oscillation signal, even side's item such as 4 powers is there is in formula (8), 2 subharmonic of local oscillator will be introduced in signal after mixing, the mixed components of the even-order harmonics such as 4 subharmonic and radiofrequency signal, this is identical with the mixing results of conventional mixer, can be filtered by filter.
The utility model low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer also has another kind of enforcement structure as shown in Figure 4, this is a kind of simplified structure of Fig. 2, and in the diagram, the grid of N2 and N3 two NMOS tube is directly received on power supply, be equivalent to the resistance that two resistances are fixing, instead of thyrite as shown in Figure 2.Implement structure shown in Fig. 4 also than Fig. 2, for reduction chip area, reduce costs certain advantage.
In sum, the utility model provides a kind of active mixer and another enforcement structure thereof of low-voltage and low-power dissipation.By using thyrite to carry out alternative fixed resistance, under making active mixer can be operated in lower supply voltage, and to the amplitude of local oscillation signal and waveform requirements not high.
Some device in the utility model can be replaced by other structures, does not affect use of the present utility model.Such as, P2 and P3 as load pipe also can replace with NMOS tube or triode.For another example, under rational DC offset voltage, local oscillation signal Vlop can be directly connected on the grid of N2 and P2, thus removes ac-coupled circuit, as long as N2 and P2 two pipes are all operated in linear zone, just meets basic concept of the present utility model and principle.
Claims (3)
1. a low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer.Comprise the ac coupling capacitor C0 of RF input signal (Vrf), direct current biasing resistance R0, radio frequency input pipe N1 and direct current biasing pipe N0 thereof.It is characterized in that the grid of described radio frequency input pipe N1 is connected by direct current biasing resistance R0 with the grid of described direct current biasing pipe N0, and the grid of described N0 pipe is connected with the drain electrode of himself; The drain electrode of described radio frequency input pipe N1 is connected with the source electrode of load pipe N3 with load pipe N2, and the drain electrode of described load pipe N2 is connected with the drain electrode of load pipe P2, and the drain electrode of described load pipe N3 is connected with the drain electrode of load pipe P3.The node that IF output signal Vifn is connected from described load pipe N2 with described load pipe P2 is drawn, and the node that IF output signal Vifp is connected from described load pipe N3 with described load pipe P3 is drawn.
2. a kind of low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer according to claim 1, is characterized in that described load pipe N2 is connected with positive local oscillation signal Vlop respectively by electric capacity C2 with C3 with the grid of described load pipe P2; Described load pipe N3 is connected with negative local oscillation signal Vlon respectively by electric capacity C4 with C5 with the grid of described load pipe P3.
3. a kind of low-voltage and low-power dissipation active mixer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that the direct voltage of the grid of described load pipe P2 and load pipe P3 is all provided by direct current biasing pipe P0, the grid of described P0 pipe is connected with drain electrode, and provide operating current by bias current sources I2, described DC offset voltage receives the grid of load pipe P2 and load pipe P3 respectively by resistance R3 and R5, the direct voltage of the grid of described load pipe N2 and N3 is provided by a resistance R1 of series connection on described N0 pipe, the upper terminal voltage of described resistance R1 is as DC offset voltage, slightly higher than the gate voltage of described N0 pipe, this voltage is connected to the grid of described N2 and N3 pipe by resistance R2 and R4.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107196607A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-22 | 天津大学 | A kind of down-conversion mixer |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107196607A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-22 | 天津大学 | A kind of down-conversion mixer |
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Address after: Yongning road in Jiangning District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, No. 9 211100 Patentee after: Nanjing Nengrui Automation Equipment Co., Ltd. Address before: Yao street in Qixia District of Nanjing City, Jiangsu province 210000 Gan Jia No. 108 east side Patentee before: Nanjing Nengrui Automation Equipment Co., Ltd. |
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Granted publication date: 20151021 Termination date: 20200320 |