CN203295584U - Smelting reduction furnace used for nickel laterite ore smelting - Google Patents
Smelting reduction furnace used for nickel laterite ore smelting Download PDFInfo
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- CN203295584U CN203295584U CN201320314882XU CN201320314882U CN203295584U CN 203295584 U CN203295584 U CN 203295584U CN 201320314882X U CN201320314882X U CN 201320314882XU CN 201320314882 U CN201320314882 U CN 201320314882U CN 203295584 U CN203295584 U CN 203295584U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a smelting reduction furnace used for nickel laterite ore smelting, and belongs to the field of ferro-nickel production. The smelting reduction furnace is divided into five areas of an inclined shaft feeding area, a secondary burning area, a premelting feeding area, a smelting reduction area and a heat preservation settling area; coal and oxygen are burnt to supply heat to energy, a flat flame burner is adopted for heat preservation, an oxygen burner is adopted for secondary burning, and injection pressure of a coal-oxygen gun is adjusted for stirring melt, so that conditions of reaction kinetics are improved. With the adoption of the novel smelting reduction furnace, nickel laterite ore mainly containing 1.52%-3.16% of Ni and 9.58%-39.58% of Fe can be subjected to drying, dehydration, roasting, controlled reduction and melting separation of residues and metal, and a ferro-nickel alloy product containing 13%-20% of Ni is produced. According to the production process, raw ore of nickel laterite ore can be pressed into balls or can be directly put into the furnace for melting; and compared with the adding of a cold metal drying process, the production cost can be substantially reduced.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the ferronickel production field, relates to a kind of melting and reducing equipment and technique with smelting ferronickel from red soil nickel ore, is applicable to smelting red clay nickel ore.
Background technology
The nickel-containing ore type mainly comprises nickel sulfide ore and nickel oxide ore (also claiming red soil nickel ore), and former various countries mainly, take nickel sulfide ore as raw material, pass through electrosmelting; Because the nickel sulfide ore resource has been on the verge of exhaustion, countries in the world De Nie smelting enterprise transfers to sight the exploitation of nickel oxide ore resource and utilizes one after another in recent years.
Smelting to red soil nickel ore is broadly divided into wet method smelting process and pyrometallurgical smelting process.Adopt hydrometallurgy to process red soil nickel ore, available product is mainly sulfide or the oxyhydroxide of nickel, but due to this technique exist such as: the waste residue and liquid environmental pollution after production is serious, engineering construction investment is large, equipment maintenance cost is high, be suitable for the shortcomings such as the resource of hydrometallurgy is few, therefore smelting laterite-nickel ores enterprise this technique of less selection at present.The product that adopts pyrometallurgical smelting to produce is mainly ferronickel, mainly comprises at present blast furnace smelting process (BF), rotary kiln+mineral hot furnace technique (RKEF) and three kinds of techniques of the solid-state direct-reduction of rotary kiln.Wherein the energy of blast furnace smelting process and reductive agent are coke, and consumption is large, and production cost is high, can't realize selective reduction production higher-grade ferronickel in smelting process simultaneously, and product is nickeliferous low generally 3～6%; Rotary kiln+mineral hot furnace technique (RKEF) power consumption is large, and the local production cost in short supply in supply of electric power is high, is difficult to promote.And the solid-state direct-reduction red soil nickel ore of rotary kiln method is to using coal as main fuel, in rotary kiln, completes simultaneously dehydration and roasting to the nickel nodulizing, but can not realize molten minute.The Reduction of Oxides such as the NiO in ore, FeO are that metallic particles is difficult to assemble, and reduction generates the slag inclusion ferronickel granule need carry out magnetic separation again.This explained hereafter cost is lower, and flow process is relatively short.But rotary kiln for directly reducing is produced in the process of ferronickel, due to rotary kiln, need to realize the reduction of nickel oxide, its high temperature section temperature is higher than 1150 ℃, if temperature fluctuation and material component fluctuate, at rotary kiln as easy as rolling off a log ring formation that occurs in rotary course, the equipment that has a strong impact on normally moves, and causes in actual production process efficiency lower, and equipment maintenance cost is high.Although domesticly carried out a large amount of experiments, be not widely used and promote.Thereby for the in short supply and relatively high area of coke cost in supply of electric power, adopting which kind of smelting scheme to build the nickel laterite smeltery becomes urgent problem, need in time develop a kind of new smelting technology and equipment take coal as main fuel.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind ofly does fuel take red soil nickel ore as raw material with coal, utilizes the red soil nickel ore fusion reducing furnace, realizes the controlled also method of original production ferronickel.Production technique adopts raw ore to allocate by a certain percentage carbonaceous reducing agent and fusing assistant into, as furnace charge, drops in stove and smelts.And by controlling temperature of reaction and reaction times, control in process of production the reduction degree of iron.Because being usings coal as main fuel, the coke cost that therefore not only can solve blast furnace technology is too high, can also solve because power supply shortage causes rotary kiln+mineral hot furnace (RKEF) process costs too high or in some areas, because of the supply of electric power shortage, must build power station and cause investing the problems such as excessive.In addition, because the melting mode is to adopt to improve, therefore also solved the rotary kiln problem of ring formation in process of production on the basis of smelting furnace.
A kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores, be divided into oblique vertical shaft material feeding region, secondary combustion zone, fritting feed zone, melting and reducing district and insulation zone, five of settling regions.Tiltedly the vertical shaft material feeding region is positioned at the leading section of fritting feed zone, 75～80 meters of length, and 4～6 meters of diameter of sections, angle of inclination is 1～3 °; 43～47 °, fritting feed zone inclination angle, top passage is secondary combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone and fritting feed zone are positioned at the fusion reducing furnace middle part, and angle of inclination, melting and reducing district is 5～7 °, with the fritting feed zone, be connected, the insulation settling region is positioned at the fusion reducing furnace least significant end.Tiltedly vertical shaft top is mainly furnace charge oven dry and prereduction system.
Tiltedly vertical shaft district temperature is more than 1000 ℃, employing-50 in district～-the 200Pa negative-pressure operation.Flue gas discharge area near oblique vertical shaft below is laid the secondary combustion of oxygen rifle for Exhaust Gas.
Furnace charge more than 1000 ℃ enters the fritting feed zone, and temperature reaches 1200～1350 ℃ and enters the melting and reducing district after heating up in secondary combustion zone.For avoiding furnace charge in feeding mouth turning bonding, in secondary combustion zone, lay coaloust-oxygen gun and carry out fritting, put furnace charge under to fritting feed zone oxygen blast coal powder injection.
The top in melting and reducing zone has configured branched coaloust-oxygen gun, the coaloust-oxygen gun number should be determined according to ore deposit amount or processing power, coaloust-oxygen gun vertically inserts in burner hearth, it is the main thermal source of smelting process, and in heat-processed, adjust jetting pressure melt is carried out to certain stirring, make reaction more abundant, reach the dynamic conditions that improves smelting process.In the melting and reducing district, temperature is 1350～1500 ℃.
The insulation settling region arranges the insulation of flat flame burner for ferronickel precipitation and slag, and in the insulation settling region, temperature is 1300～1450 ℃.The insulation settling region is provided with iron notch and slag notch, and iron notch and slag notch distribute and can in the programming and distribution of production scene, determine according to stove.
The fritting feed zone can well mix oxygen with air, form uniform oxygen-rich mixture body and send in stove, and can regulate at any time the concentration of oxygen and the size of air output, to reach the purpose of controlling temperature and reducing atmosphere in stove.Tiltedly vertical shaft district internal surface can adopt and build ramming mass or refractory brick by laying bricks or stones, fritting feed zone and secondary combustion zone with 50～80mm magnesia carbon brick as inner lining material.Because effects such as temperature variation, slag potential of hydrogen, physical disturbances, furnace charge has certain erosion to secondary combustion zone and fritting feed zone, and working face also can be washed away, weares and teares and corrode, and its life longevity is shortened.In the magnesia carbon brick outside, be sprayed with fire-proof spray coating, thickness is 10mm～80mm, and inwall equally also sprays fire-proof spray coating in the melting and reducing district, can play a protective role to furnace wall, has also increased the dross ability of melting and reducing district inwall simultaneously.
Thermocouple, the detection of CO concentration and high temperature pressure probe in stove, have been configured.Can regulate flow velocity in the air quantity of induced draft fan, wind speed (entering in stove), oxygen concn, water cooling system by in watch-keeping cubicle, monitoring each district's temperature, CO concentration and furnace pressure, to control the temperature of reaction in stove.
Tiltedly the vertical shaft material feeding region, take drying tumbler as major equipment, utilizes the mode of rotary type drying cylinder material to be carried out to the prereduction of preheating, drying and dehydrating and Ni.
The energy supply intensity control data of coaloust-oxygen gun are not reduced furnace charge for preheating not, and material energy supply intensity per ton is greater than 600～800 kilojoules/second; Greater than 1000 ℃, material energy supply intensity per ton is greater than 300 kilojoules/second when charge-temperature.
The utility model smelting technology is take the red soil nickel ore that is preheating to prereduction material more than 1000 ℃, partial reduction as main raw material, and the nickel recovery rate is more than 90%, and according to supplied materials situation difference, coaloust-oxygen gun coal powder injection 30～70kg/t does ore deposit, and the oxygen depletion amount is 1.7Nm
3/ kg coal, pan feeding vertical shaft district controls temperature and in the time of 1100 ℃, consumes coal 350kg.As processing power, be 45 tons of siccatives (nickel minerals+flux) per hour, have by charge-temperature 45 minutes with interior from 1000 ℃ of abilities that are warming up to 1500 ℃, average per minute heats up 10 ℃.45 tons of dried furnace charge consumption coal 1350kg, whole day consumes 32.4 tons, coal, and whole day consumes oxygen 55000Nm
3, need to be equipped with 3000Nm
3The oxygen generating station of/h.The burning rifle is set in secondary combustion zone, when measuring the CO furnace gas, carries out the feedback control secondary combustion, the calorific value of coal is as far as possible greater than 25000 kilojoules.For guaranteeing such processing power and heat-up rate, power should guarantee that the energy supply power of dried mineral aggregate per ton is 300～500 Jiao/second, furnace capacity hour capping value, if adopt the normal temperature siccative, energy supply power should be dried ore deposit 500 Jiao per ton/more than second.
In the burning of melting and reducing district, the flue gas of generation is due to suction function and furnace charge charging formation countercurrent movement, thereby the heat exchange condition is good due to fuel, and flue gas is for the furnace charge of preheating from oblique vertical shaft.When furnace charge constantly moves to oblique time, in stove, can produce and have a large amount of water vapour to evaporate, volume-diminished after the evaporation of furnace charge moisture, make the loose of furnace charge change after moisture evaporation simultaneously, increase furnace charge and the area that CO gas in stove contacts, can improve simultaneously reduction efficiency.
Main reaction has:
NiO+C→Ni+CO↑T＝420℃ (1)
FeO+C→Fe+CO↑T＝650℃ (2)
Cr
2O
3+C→Cr+CO↑ (3)
SiO
2+C→Si+CO↑ (4)
2CO+O
2→2CO
2 (5)
By reaction formula (1), (2), can find out that Ni more easily reduces than Fe, in the situation that Ni has first reduced substantially, control 1010 ℃～1400 ℃ of low furnace temperature, the reduction rate of the Fe that slows down as far as possible.In order to improve product nickel content, after the rotating speed of the oblique vertical shaft of adjusting, can control the reducing degree of iron.
Adopt the utility model fusion reducing furnace, the red soil nickel ore that can will mainly contain Ni:1.52%～3.16%Fe:9.58%～39.58 completes drying and dehydrating, roasting, controlled reduction, melting separation slag and metal, produces the Rhometal product that contains Ni:13%～20%.
Production technique can adopt red soil nickel ore raw ore pressure ball, also can directly drop in stove and smelt, and with respect to increasing the cold burden drying process, can significantly reduce production costs.Energy supply intensity directly into stove is 600～800kW/t material.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the utility model fusion reducing furnace structural representation,
1: oblique vertical shaft material feeding region 2: secondary combustion zone 3: oxygen rifle 4: fritting feed zone 5: melting and reducing district 6: coaloust-oxygen gun 7: insulation settling region 8: the insulation flat flame burner
Fig. 2 is the utility model melting and reducing furnace structure vertical view,
Embodiment
The utility model melting and reducing furnace structure is by 1: oblique vertical shaft material feeding region 2: secondary combustion zone 3: oxygen rifle 4: fritting feed zone 5: melting and reducing district 6: coaloust-oxygen gun 7: insulation settling region 8: the insulation flat flame burner forms.Tiltedly vertical shaft is positioned at the leading section of secondary combustion zone, 75～80 meters of length, and 4.5 meters of diameter of sections, angle of inclination is 1～3 °; Secondary combustion and fritting feed zone are positioned at the fusion reducing furnace middle part, and the insulation settling region is positioned at least significant end.During blow-on, adopt Sweet natural gas or petroleum gas as combustion stabilizer, in the time of baker, the Sweet natural gas consumption is not more than 4000m
3/ h, pressure is not less than 200kPa, temperature 15-20 ℃, thermal value, 40.11MJ/kg.
The utility model structural feature is:
A. adopt coaloust-oxygen gun heat supply, secondary combustion burner waste-gas burning, flat flame burner insulation and precipitate and separate
B. tunnel like fritting to 1100 ℃
C. entrance corner in secondary combustion zone installs the coaloust-oxygen gun fritting, puts furnace charge under
D. be incubated settling region and install flat flame burner for ferronickel precipitation and slag insulation
E. the burning flue gas that produces in melting and reducing district carries out secondary combustion and for the tiltedly charge preheating roasting of vertical shaft
F. the melting and reducing district, with the coaloust-oxygen gun central heating, strengthens reaction, is rapidly heated
G. when entering charge-temperature greater than 1000 ℃, material burner energy supply intensity per ton should be greater than 300 Jiao/second
H. when cold burden entered stove, material burner energy supply intensity per ton should be greater than 600～1000 Jiao/second
The utility model can be smelted the NiFe alloy that to contain Ni13%～20% by the red soil nickel ore that contains Ni1.52%～3.16% in fusion reducing furnace.
The above is only the preferred practical range of the best of the present utility model, and near positive and negative several designs of extending the preferred practical range of the best also belong to this invention protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. the fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores, is characterized in that being divided into oblique vertical shaft material feeding region (1), secondary combustion zone (2), fritting feed zone (4), melting and reducing district (5) and insulation zone, (7) five of settling regions; Tiltedly the vertical shaft material feeding region is positioned at the leading section of fritting feed zone, 75～80 meters of length, and 4～6 meters of diameter of sections, angle of inclination is 1～3 °; 43～47 °, fritting feed zone inclination angle, top passage is secondary combustion zone, and secondary combustion zone and fritting feed zone are positioned at the fusion reducing furnace middle part, and angle of inclination, melting and reducing district is 5～7 °, with the fritting feed zone, be connected, the insulation settling region is positioned at the fusion reducing furnace least significant end; Tiltedly vertical shaft top is furnace charge oven dry and prereduction system.
2. a kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that laying oxygen rifle (3) near the oblique flue gas discharge area of vertical shaft below.
3. a kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that laying in secondary combustion zone coaloust-oxygen gun (6).
4. a kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the top in melting and reducing zone has configured branched coaloust-oxygen gun (6), and coaloust-oxygen gun vertically inserts in burner hearth.
5. a kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that being incubated settling region flat flame burner (8) be set; The insulation settling region is provided with iron notch and slag notch.
6. a kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that oblique vertical shaft district internal surface adopts builds ramming mass or refractory brick by laying bricks or stones, fritting feed zone and secondary combustion zone with 50～80mm magnesia carbon brick as inner lining material, outside spray fire-proof spray coating, thickness is 10mm～80mm, and inwall equally also sprays fire-proof spray coating in the melting and reducing district.
7. a kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that in stove having configured thermocouple, CO concentration detects and the high temperature pressure probe.
8. a kind of fusion reducing furnace for smelting laterite-nickel ores as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that oblique vertical shaft material feeding region is take drying tumbler as major equipment.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107815556A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-20 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of activation device and method of water quenching nickel |
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2013
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107815556A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-20 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of activation device and method of water quenching nickel |
| CN107815556B (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-11-08 | 金川集团股份有限公司 | A kind of activation device and method of water quenching nickel |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20151215 Address after: 113122 Liaoning city in Fushun Province Economic Development Zone Economic Zone Lagucun Laguna Patentee after: Fushun Hanwang DRI Co.,Ltd. Address before: Shenhe Youth Street District of Shenyang City, Liaoning province 110016 No. 227 building Hanking Patentee before: Hanking Industrial Group Co., Ltd. |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20131120 Termination date: 20170604 |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |