CN107217136A - The method and apparatus of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction - Google Patents

The method and apparatus of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107217136A
CN107217136A CN201710455039.6A CN201710455039A CN107217136A CN 107217136 A CN107217136 A CN 107217136A CN 201710455039 A CN201710455039 A CN 201710455039A CN 107217136 A CN107217136 A CN 107217136A
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oxygen
stove
molten point
molten
nickel ore
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黎敏
徐小锋
邬传谷
陈学刚
曹珂菲
李曰荣
崔沐
宋珍珍
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C22B23/023—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes with formation of ferro-nickel or ferro-cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B4/00—Electrothermal treatment of ores or metallurgical products for obtaining metals or alloys
    • C22B4/06—Alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction are provided, the method for oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction includes：Processing is dried in lateritic nickel ore；Dried lateritic nickel ore is delivered to rotary kiln progress roasting prereduction and high temperature calcining is obtained；High temperature calcining is added in molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, flux is added simultaneously, and molten point of stove generation bath smelting of oxygen-enriched air, reducing agent and fuel penetrating oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is reacted and generate dilval and smelting slag by the multichannel spray gun that point stove both sides are melted by being arranged on oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal；Smelting slag is released from the slag notch of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, dilval is released from the metal discharge port of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.The present invention's in the case where providing a small amount of heat, can meet the heat demand of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, it is ensured that what bath smelting reacted is smoothed out.

Description

The method and apparatus of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction
Technical field
The present invention relates to nonferrous metallurgy field, in particular to a kind of side of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction Method and device.
Background technology
Lateritic nickel ore is formed by nickeliferous peridotite in the torrid zone or subtropical zone through long-term weathering leaching is rotten.Due to Weathering And Leaching, mineral deposit generally forms several layers of, and top is one layer of avalanche talus (chapeau de fer), nickeliferous relatively low；Intermediate layer is that limonite type is red Native nickel minerals layer, iron content is more, silicon magnesium is few, and nickel is low, cobalt is higher, general to reclaim metal using wet processing；Bottom is mixed with gangue Peat layer (including garnierite type lateritic nickel ore), the siliceous high and low iron of magnesium, nickel are higher, cobalt is relatively low, typically using thermal process Processing.
The different type laterite composition of table 1 and smelting process
In world's nickel ore resource distribution, lateritic nickel ore accounts for 55%, and sulfide type nickel minerals accounts for 28%, Nodules On The Sea Floor In nickel account for 22%.According to the annual data of US Geological Survey 2015, nearly 81,000,000 tons of world's nickel reserves are distributed mainly on the big profit of Australia The countries such as Asia, New Caledonia, Brazil, Russia, Cuba, Indonesia, South Africa and Philippine.Wherein, about 60% is red Native nickel minerals, 40% is nickel sulfide ore.Lateritic nickel ore storage nickel amount accounts for the 70% of nickel gross reserves, and lateritic nickel ore produces nickel amount 70% is reclaimed using thermal process flow.Pyrogenic process main process has：
(1) rotary kiln-electric furnace (RKEF) technique
RKEF techniques are developed by Elkem companies of the U.S. earliest and are applied to industrial production, are currently smelting laterite-nickel ores nickel The main traditional handicraft of iron.Patent publication No. CN103421922A, guest Lee et al. proposes a kind of Soviet Union of RKEF PROCESS FOR TREATMENTs Indonesia The method that La Weixi nickel laterites produce ferronickel.The characteristics of technique is that unit product comprehensive energy consumption is low, equipment is ripe, production capacity Greatly.
The technique is broadly divided into several processes：Dry, be calcined --- prereduction, electro-smelting, refining.
Dry：Using rotary drying kiln, mainly deviate from the part Free water in ore.
Roasting --- prereduction：Using rotary kiln, mainly deviate from remaining Free water and the crystallization water in ore, preheat ore deposit Stone, selective reduction part of nickel and iron.
Electro-smelting：Reducing metal nickel and part iron, slag and ferronickel are separated, and produce thick ferronickel.
RKEF processing disadvantages：The cobalt in nickel minerals can not be reclaimed, the nickel ore higher to cobalt content is not applied to simultaneously.Due to work Skill high energy consumption, it is economically upper to consider, it is suitable for handling the ore that nickel content is less than 0.05% more than 2%, cobalt content, and will Abundant electric power or fuel supply will be had by asking local.
(2) direct current furnace process
In RKEF technological processes, using rotary kiln and calcination rotary kiln processing material is dried, dust rate is high, and flue dust is nickeliferous Higher, using arc ac electric arc furnace melting is hidden, this electric furnace is difficult directly to handle powder, therefore flue dust needs independent processing, increase Production cost.In order to overcome disadvantages mentioned above, offshore company develops a kind of new technological process and is referred to as NST (NICKEL SMELTING TECHNOLOGY), the technology decomposed outside cement kiln is used for reference in the technological process, and material is levigate, then carries out flash Drying, shower roasting, carry out prereduction in fluidized bed furnace, direct current furnace melting roasting material, refining.
The technique solves effective process problem of flue dust, fines well, but the process matching electric furnace carries out reduction and melted Refining, it is still necessary to consume substantial amounts of electric energy, energy resource structure requires high, handled also uneconomical.
(3) rotary kiln for directly reducing ferronickel technique
Big rivers and mountains technique is rotary kiln for directly reducing ferronickel technique.The technique is initially German Krupp-Renn direct-reduction Iron-smelting process transplanting is transformed, and big rivers and mountains smeltery of Japan starts with rotary kiln for directly reducing work early in 1930s Skill produces ferronickel.
Its main processes is:Raw ore mixes system in proportion after drying, broken, screening process with flux, reducing agent Group, nodulizing generates spongiform dilval through drying and high temperature reduction is calcined, the mixture of alloy and slag through water quenching cooling, The processing such as broken, screening, magnetic separation or gravity treatment, obtain thick ferronickel granule.
Process characteristic：Rotary kiln itself melting can output furnace charge level ferronickel, it is not necessary to which refining process, the granularity of output exists The ferronickel granule of 1~20mm scopes is easily handled and to the wide adaptability of ore.
The technique is mainly characterized by directly utilizing reduction coal and bunker coal to produce ferronickel, be suitable in power supply shortage or The countries and regions of electric power weak foundation are used.
The development experience that big rivers and mountains technique lasts 80 years, only has in Japanese big rivers and mountains smeltery (Ohiyama Smelter) Productivity practical application, breaks through feed-type complexity, ring formation of rotary kiln, treating capacity is low, the problems such as be difficult to scale yet.
(4) rotary hearth furnace process
Rotary hearth furnace direct-reduction technique main equipment is derived from the rotary heating furnace of steel rolling, although initial purpose is Answered for handling dust and discarded object that steel and iron industry is produced, but there are the states such as the U.S., Germany, Japan to be transferred exploitation soon Direct-reduction for iron ore.At home and abroad in the evolution of rotary hearth furnace direct reduction iron making technique, hair over time Exhibition, occurs in that Fastmet, Inmetco, Comet and the typical rotary hearth furnace direct-reduction refining such as newest ITmk3 and CHARP Iron process.
In patent publication No. CN104498711A, Chu Mansheng et al. proposes one kind and produces chromium ferronickel using Stainless steelmaking dust The method of alloy, it belongs to metallurgical waste technical field of comprehensive utilization.Methods described mainly presses Stainless steelmaking dust and coal dust According to certain proportion dispensing, mix and heat, be hot pressed into hot wafering, then hot wafering is quenched through the laggard water-filling of rotary hearth furnace reduction, sieved Inconel and clinker are obtained after point.Present invention process is simple, and whole process is without using any binding agent, reproducibility speed It hurry up, adaptability to raw material is strong, energy consumption is low, the quantity of slag is few, iron, chromium, nickel recovery rate are high, it is valuable in Stainless steelmaking dust for recycling Metal has important application value, with wide prospects for commercial application.
Requirement of the rotary hearth furnace process to raw material, fuel and reducing agent is more flexible, and technique is simple, and equipment is easily fabricated.Cause And small investment, cost is low；But the technique has the following disadvantages or problem limits its development, and subject matter has：
A. radiant heat transfer, influences production efficiency.Heat utilization efficiency is less than 50% in stove, and the thermal efficiency is less than blast furnace, rotary kiln etc. Technique.
B. sulphur and gangue content are high.
C. thermal regulation is difficult to control with atmosphere in stove.
(5) tunnel cave technique
[in publication number CN104611497A, Li Chengwu etc. proposes a kind of lateritic nickel ore in accumulation of heat ferronickel tunnel cave to patent It is reduced directly nickel-contained pig iron method, it is adaptable to reduce ferronickel and use.Using disintegrating machine, dryer, thin broken machine, screening machine, twin shaft Mixer and accumulation of heat ferronickel tunnel cave, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：After the water content for reducing lateritic nickel ore, by laterite nickel Ore deposit particle is crushed, and isolates the lateritic nickel ore particle that diameter is less than 3mm, by lateritic nickel ore particle and carbonaceous reducing agent, is gone back Former flux is well mixed；Hollow brick is made in lateritic nickel ore particle, accumulation of heat ferronickel tunnel cave is transferred to successively, is calcined, is discharged laggard Water-filling, which is quenched, just can obtain nickel-contained pig iron.Its technique is simple, it is adaptable to maximization production, less energy consumption.
But the processing disadvantages are：The method is reduced directly for solid reduction coal, and lateritic nickel ore stone remains static and furnace charge Thermal conductivity is again bad, so as to limit the abundant progress of reduction reaction, production cycle length and productivity ratio is low.Obtained product is sea Continuous ferronickel.
(6) shaft furnace process
In patent publication No. CN104531933A, it is high that Wu Daohong et al. proposes a kind of controlling reduction lateritic nickel ore production The method of quality ferronickel, comprises the following steps：(1) ore is subjected to gas drying；(2) ore after drying is carried out Broken, screening；(3) mineral dust after sieving enters in fluidized bed through reducing gas progress prereduction；(4) ore deposit after prereduction Stone powder hot wafering；(5) ore after briquetting is reduced into shaft furnace through reducing gas；(6) ore after reduction treatment enters Row is broken, levigate and carries out physical separation obtains high-quality dilval.Reaction temperature of the present invention is low, and energy consumption is low, dilval Product quality is high, and can in flexible modulation dilval nickel content.
Shaft furnace process shortcoming：When reaching certain degree of metalization after material prereduction, easily bonded under high temperature extrusion, shaft furnace Furnace wall is also easy to produce stove knot, and the stove knot can not be in hot lower removing, it is necessary to carries out blowing out cleaning, causes the process operation rate low, raw Produce cost high；And fluidized-bed easily coheres and blocked, it is impossible to continuous operation；, it is necessary to be incorporated a certain amount of Jiao during production Charcoal is used to form stock column, and cost is high, and energy resource structure has limitation.
(7) side-blowing bath smelting technology
Side-blowing bath smelting technology in nonferrous smelting field using relatively broad, side-blowing bath melting be from located at side wall and The tuyere in embedment molten bath directly blasts oxygen-enriched air or fuel (can be natural gas, coal dust and coal gas etc.) in melt, essence Ore deposit or oxidation material are added to the weld pool surface by air blast strong agitation with flux, complete oxidation and fusing reaction.
The metallurgical method of this intensified smelting is applied to non-ferrous metal melting sources, vulcanizes, aoxidizes, reducing, making sulfonium and cigarette The metallurgical processes such as change.Nowadays, development evolvement includes numerous different technologies routes to side-blowing bath smelting technology for one Technical field, belong to side-blowing bath smelting technology has Noranda process, Vanyukov smelting method, the special method of special Nirn and silver copper metallurgy The copper smelting methods such as method.
The current technology species of side-blowing bath smelting process processing laterite is few, and main method has：
A. in patent announcement CN101457303 B, Gao Zhankui et al. proposes a kind of side-blowing bath smelting technology processing Laterite produces the smelting process of nickel matte, is mainly characterized by, by the nickel bearing raw material including laterite, oxygen-containing gas, fluxing agent, powder Melting reaction is carried out in coal or coke powder feeding bath smelting furnace, product nickel matte and clinker is obtained.
But method processing material needs to carry out briquetting processing, and its product is nickel matte, it is impossible to directly obtains ferronickel, need to set up nickel Sulfonium further handles pyrogenic process or wet processing flow, adds investment and processing links, adds the loss of valuable metal；
Propose that, on 1~12m2 of hearth area, specific capacity is 25~35t/m2d, converts year after next treatment scale in patent Only 150,000 tons laterites, while according to side-blowing bath Principle of Melting, when tuyere diameter is identical, blast is directly proportional to agitation scope, The air port blast pressure 0.05MPa~0.1MPa proposed in patent claim, it is impossible to which the technological principle for meeting body of heater maximization will Ask, there is small scale, shortcoming poor for applicability；Not yet explicitly body of heater width, because air port blast pressure is side-blown with body of heater width Without clearly stating in the core parameter of bath smelting technique, between the two proportional relation, the patent.
While the method side wall and furnace bottom are jacket structure for water, protected between water jacket and molten bath by dross, the heat that water jacket is taken away Amount is more, and heat loss is big；Water jacket can not dross when, nickel matte is directly contacted with water jacket to be likely to result in water jacket leak and enters molten bath, is drawn Send out security incident.
Not yet explicitly breeze blowing, distribution, tuyere nozzle constitute etc. side-blown melting smelting technology key feature claim Illustrate because every kind of different side-blowing bath smelting technology have its unique feed, to coal, spray gun structure, spray gun pressure and These characteristics are not provided and clearly stated by body of heater special construction, and those skilled in the art can not actually implement its patent.
B. Russia proposes the technique that a kind of use Wa Niukefu two-regions stove handles lateritic nickel ore.
The smelting process starts from Soviet Union's period, and led problem is taught by Moscow steel and alloy institute Vanyukov The fusion smelting technique that group is developed.Wa Niukefu PROCESS FOR TREATMENT lateritic nickel ores belong to two step smelting reduction process, smelting process Realized in a special two-region Wa Niukefu stove, but it is lateritic nickel ore that it, which handles material, but product is nis matte, it is impossible to it is straight Connect melting and obtain ferro-nickel product.
Wa Niukefu stoves are made up of basis, shaft for combining of cupola well and Copper Water Jacket etc., the flux such as nickel ore by It is located at the charge door of furnace roof to add in stove, series of chemical occurs for the oxygen blasted with air port in stove, reacts the oxygen of generation The area of slugging first carries out continuous melting to the furnace charge of addition, and the furnace charge after fusing enters the secondth area by stove internal partition wall, first The oxide that area is obtained carries out reduction-sulfurization processing, generation nis matte and waste in the secondth area.
The problem of Wa Niukefu stoves are present be：1) melt temperature is difficult to maintain, and nis matte and slag passage are often because temperature Degree deficiency is blocked by stove knot, blowing out to be cleared up, the normal production of influence；2) oxygen being blown into from air port holds with fusant reaction Easily occur local peroxidating, and peroxidating can then cause foamed slag, cause splash to threaten safety in production when serious；3) Wa Niukefu The body of heater of stove is put together by water jacket, and flue gas or melt easily overflow at water jacket gap so that operating environment, contaminating enterprises' week Time atmospheric environment, give people and biological living zone adversely affected；4) Wa Niukefu stoves operationally, pass through the water cooling of water jacket Effect makes melt in water jacket surface dross, so as to avoid water jacket and melt long-time from directly contacting, but this dross and unstable, Cause water to enter melt once water jacket ruptures, production safety and personal safety will be seriously endangered；5) Wa Niukefu stoves Copper Water Jacket every Metallurgical furnace is divided into melting and reducing zone by wall, and partition wall both sides are respectively oxidation atmosphere and reduction atmosphere, Copper Water Jacket partition wall presenceization Stability is learned poor, the problem of short life, while partition wall region is also easy to produce stove knot.
C. side-blown smelting technology is fired on top
In patent announcement CN101838747 B, Cao Kefei etc. proposes a kind of for smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore technique.Should Smelting furnace body of heater is provided with the charge door added materials, outlet flue, goes out nickel mouthful and slag notch；The lower end of top combustion spray gun is from body of heater top Portion is stretched into burner hearth and above molten bath, convenient to spray into fine coal and oxygen to molten bath overhead, and concurrent heating is carried out to molten bath；Body of heater side Wall has side-blown spray gun to insert penetrating fine coal and oxygen in molten bath, while the stove is configured with electrode settling section, electrode lower end is stretched into molten With the melt in heated molten bath so as to clarified separation ferronickel and clinker in pond.
In the technique, the top combustion spray gun of setting directly enters fine coal and oxygen to molten bath overhead, in that context it may be convenient to which molten bath is entered Row concurrent heating, but there is coal dust can not burn completely, bring follow-up waste heat boiler and dust collecting system into, can so cause CO in flue gas It is exceeded, cause danger.
Main cause：Lateritic nickel ore is mainly constituted as nickel magnesium silicate, substantially nickel oxide, and smelting reduction is carried out in stove and is melted During refining, it is necessary to control into reduction atmosphere, coefficient of excess air should be less than 1.0.Molten bath overhead sprays into substantial amounts of coal dust and oxygen, by In need control stove in for reduction atmosphere, simultaneously because in stove negative pressure influence, certainly will cause spray into coal dust it is imperfect combustion Complete and be directly drawn into uptake flue；Simultaneously because molten bath is seethed acutely in stove, top combustion spray gun is easily glued or washes away corruption Erosion, occurs leak danger, risk is brought to smelting furnace stable operation.
Only specify that side-blown spray gun sprays into coal dust and oxygen into molten bath in the patent claims, not it is further proposed that Spray gun structure form.It is located at the position in molten bath simultaneously for side-blowing bath smelting technology core feature both sides spray gun spacing and spray gun Put and do not make any claim, remain with electrode insulation area, still need to expend secondary energy sources electric energy.
A kind of oxygen-enriched fine coal melting and reducing lateritic nickel ore technique and oxygen coal side-blown converter are disclosed in CN106609325A, this is special Profit, which is described, is added to laterite the laterite after depth drying in bath smelting furnace by scraper plate or nozzle, and smelting furnace is adopted Use oxygen-enriched side-blowing bath melting.The technique has the thermal efficiency high, it is not necessary to the advantages of consuming a large amount of electric energy.But laterite steams After vapour or rotary kiln drying, burner hearth is sent directly into, causes smelting furnace material melting to reduce institute's calorific requirement too big, it is possible to cause to melt Refining process can not be smoothed out, and residue is nickeliferous higher；Slagging Fang Nie areas lack effective temperature raising means simultaneously, and slagging goes out ferronickel Easily there is freezeout.
The content of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a kind of method and apparatus of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction, to solve Institute's calorific requirement is too big during molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction certainly of the prior art, it is possible to cause fusion process not The problem of being smoothed out.
To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of molten soil of sharing out bonus of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction The method of nickel minerals, including：Processing is dried in lateritic nickel ore, lateritic nickel ore water content is down to less than 22%；At drying Lateritic nickel ore after reason is delivered to rotary kiln and carries out roasting prereduction and obtain high temperature calcining, and the kiln discharge temperature of high temperature calcining is 750 DEG C to 950 DEG C；High temperature calcining is added in molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, high temperature calcining enters molten point of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal The temperature of stove is 700 DEG C to 850 DEG C, while flux is added, by the multichannel for being arranged on molten point of stove both sides of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Spray gun sprays into oxygen rich gas, reducing agent and fuel with 180m/s to 280m/s flow velocity in the molten bath of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Mixed zone, and the temperature in the molten bath of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is promoted to 1450 DEG C to 1550 DEG C, so that oxygen coal is side-blown Material generation bath smelting reacts and generates dilval and smelting slag in electric heating melting point stove；Wherein, molten bath mixed zone refers to Transitional region between molten bath top smelting furnace slag blanket and molten bath bottom dilval layer, the transitional region is closed containing ferronickel simultaneously Gold and smelting slag；Smelting slag is released from the slag notch of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, from molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Metal discharge port releases dilval.
Further, in the step of high temperature calcining is added to molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, high temperature calcining is from oxygen coal side Blow electric heating melting point stove top-feed mouthful and or side wall charge door enter in molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.
Further, during bath smelting reaction occurs for material in molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, oxygen coal is utilized Overfiren air port on molten point of stove of side blowing electrothermal is passed through air so that molten point of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal into molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal The CO that stove overflows fully burns.
Further, multichannel spray gun is arranged on the muzzle set brick of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, and multichannel spray gun Muzzle set brick 100mm to 200mm is stretched out in front end, so that oxygen rich gas, reducing agent and fuel are with 180m/s to 280m/s flow velocity When spraying into molten bath mixed zone, nearby melt cooling is to half curdled appearance for the extension of multichannel spray gun, so as to protect muzzle set Brick does not weather.
Further, processing is dried in lateritic nickel ore, makes the step that its water content is down to less than 22% be specially：Adopt With dry kiln by lateritic nickel ore drying to water content be less than 22%；Lateritic nickel ore after drying process is delivered into rotary kiln to enter Row roasting prereduction the step of be specially：Lateritic nickel ore after drying process is added to by rotary kiln by adhesive-tape machine It is interior；High temperature calcining is added into concretely comprising the following steps in molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal：By calcining hot material induction system by high temperature Calcining is added in molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.
Further, lateritic nickel ore is limonite type, silicon magnesium types or the two lateritic nickel ore coordinated, using lime stone conduct One of composition of flux, with SiO2Based on-MgO-CaO-FeO slag types, by adjusting the addition of flux to adjust slag type, and Fe reduction degree is controlled by adjusting reducing agent addition amount, the dilval of different grades, molten point of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is obtained Temperature in the molten bath of stove in the range of 1400 DEG C to 1550 DEG C, produces nickeliferous 10%~35% according to the difference control of slag type Dilval.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction, including it is dry Molten point of stove of dry kiln, rotary kiln and oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, wherein, adhesive-tape machine is provided between rotary kiln and dry kiln, is returned The lateritic nickel ore that rotary kiln is used to transmit adhesive-tape machine carries out roasting prereduction and obtains high temperature calcining；Rotary kiln and oxygen Be provided with calcining hot material induction system between molten point of stove of coal side blowing electrothermal, the top of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal set top plus Side wall charge door, slag notch and multiple multichannel spray guns, oxygen coal side are provided with material mouth, the side wall of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal The bottom for blowing electric heating melting point stove is provided with metal discharge port, and high temperature calcining is by calcining hot material induction system from top-feed mouthful With or side wall charge door enter in molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, the output end of multiple multichannel spray guns puts in the side-blown electricity of oxygen coal The inside of hot melt point stove.
Further, molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal includes being provided with out above rectangle body of heater, the stage casing of rectangle body of heater Mouth, side wall charge door and top-feed mouthful are located at the first side of outlet flue, and slag notch and metal discharge port are located at outlet flue Second side relative with the first side.
Further, molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal also includes overfiren air port, and overfiren air port is arranged on smelting zone furnace wall On the side wall of side wall and outlet flue.
Further, the second side of outlet flue is provided with water cooling partition wall, and slag notch and metal discharge port are located at water cooling partition wall Remote outlet flue side, multiple multichannel spray guns be located at water cooling partition wall close outlet flue side.
Further, molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal also includes heating component, and heating component is arranged on the remote of water cooling partition wall Separate out the side of mouth.
Further, heating component includes electrode assembly.
Further, cold water pipes are embedded with water cooling partition wall.
Apply the technical scheme of the present invention, due to the lateritic nickel ore in the present invention enter molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal it Preceding to obtain high temperature calcining by rotary kiln progress roasting pre-reduction treatment, in the process, nickel oxide and part iron are in rotary kiln Metallic state is inside reduced into, this calcining containing charcoal enters molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal and carries out selective reduction, can produce nickeliferous 10% The ferronickel of~35% different grades.If not using roasting prereduction, nickel and part iron are first restored, then is difficult to carry out selectivity The also nickelic iron of original production.In addition, carrying out bath smelting reaction to high temperature calcining by being calcined after pre-reduction treatment, it can reduce The heat demand of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, it is ensured that what bath smelting reacted is smoothed out.The oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction of the present invention The high temperature calcining of the method and apparatus of molten point of lateritic nickel ore is 750 DEG C~950 DEG C by hot-loading and hot-conveying, calcining kiln discharge temperature, is entered Molten point of furnace temperature of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is 700 DEG C~850 DEG C.High-temp. furnace material hot-loading and hot-conveying can reduce energy consumption, improve oxygen coal side-blown The efficiency and specific capacity of electric heating melting point stove.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for constituting the part of the application is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows Meaning property embodiment and its illustrate be used for explain the present invention, do not constitute inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates the flow chart of the method for the molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction of the present invention；
Fig. 2 diagrammatically illustrates the front view of the device of the molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction of the present invention；
Fig. 3 diagrammatically illustrates the top view of the molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal of the present invention；And
Fig. 4 diagrammatically illustrates the front view of the molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal of the present invention.
Wherein, above-mentioned accompanying drawing is marked including the following drawings：
10th, dry kiln；20th, rotary kiln；30th, molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal；31st, top-feed mouthful；32nd, side wall feeds Mouthful；33rd, outlet flue；34th, multichannel spray gun；35th, overfiren air port；36th, water cooling partition wall；37th, electrode assembly；38th, slag notch；39、 Metal discharge port；40th, adhesive-tape machine；50th, calcining winding shaft；60th, crane；70th, feeding chamber；80th, ore storage bin；100th, Gan Kuang Storehouse；110th, auxiliary material storehouse；120th, calcining hot material induction system.
Embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the application can phase Mutually combination.Describe the present invention in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual using term "comprising" and/or " bag Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
It should be noted that term " first " in the description and claims of this application and above-mentioned accompanying drawing, " Two " etc. be for distinguishing similar object, without for describing specific order or precedence.It should be appreciated that so using Data can exchange in the appropriate case, so that presently filed embodiment described herein for example can be with except herein Order beyond those of diagram or description is implemented.In addition, term " comprising " and " having " and their any deformation, it is intended that Be to cover it is non-exclusive include, for example, containing process, method, system, product or the equipment of series of steps or unit not Be necessarily limited to those steps or the unit clearly listed, but may include not list clearly or for these processes, side The intrinsic other steps of method, product or equipment or unit.
For the ease of description, space relative terms can be used herein, such as " ... on ", " ... top ", " ... upper surface ", " above " etc., for describing such as a device shown in the figure or feature and other devices or spy The spatial relation levied.It should be appreciated that space relative terms are intended to comprising the orientation except device described in figure Outside different azimuth in use or operation.If for example, the device in accompanying drawing is squeezed, be described as " in other devices It will be positioned as " under other devices or construction after the device of part or construction top " or " on other devices or construction " Side " or " under other devices or construction ".Thus, exemplary term " ... top " can include " ... top " and " in ... lower section " two kinds of orientation.The device can also other different modes positioning (being rotated by 90 ° or in other orientation), and And respective explanations are made to the relative description in space used herein above.
Referring to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, there is provided a kind of molten native nickel of sharing out bonus of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction for embodiments in accordance with the present invention The device of ore deposit, the device includes molten point of stove 30 of dry kiln 10, rotary kiln 20 and oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, wherein, the He of rotary kiln 20 Adhesive-tape machine 40 is provided between dry kiln 10, rotary kiln 20 is used to enter the lateritic nickel ore that adhesive-tape machine 40 is transmitted Row roasting prereduction simultaneously obtains high temperature calcining；It is defeated that calcining hot material is provided between molten point of stove 30 of rotary kiln 20 and oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal System 120 is sent, the top of molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal sets top-feed mouthful 31, the side of molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Side wall charge door 32, slag notch 38 and multiple multichannel spray guns 34, the bottom of molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal are provided with wall Be provided with metal discharge port 39, high temperature calcining by calcining hot material induction system 120 from top-feed mouthful 31 and or side wall feed Mouth 32 enters in molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, and the output end of multiple multichannel spray guns 34, which puts in oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal and melted, divides a stove 30 inside.
The device of oxygen-enriched fine coal molten point of lateritic nickel ore of reduction in the present embodiment also include ore storage bin 80, dry ore storage bin 100 and Auxiliary material storehouse 110, is provided with adhesive-tape machine 40 between ore storage bin 80 and dry kiln 10, using molten point of the oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction of the present invention When the device of lateritic nickel ore carries out oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction, the lateritic nickel ore in ore storage bin 80 passes through adhesive-tape machine 40 are sent in dry kiln 10, are dried by dry kiln 10 after processing, then are transmitted by adhesive-tape machine 40 to revolution Delivered after in the dry ore storage bin 100 at the top of kiln 20 into rotary kiln 20, while reduction coal and auxiliary material are delivered into auxiliary material storehouse 110, and Deliver into rotary kiln 20, by the effect of rotary kiln 20, will enter by the lateritic nickel ore after drying process through auxiliary material storehouse 110 Row roasting prereduction, and obtain high temperature calcining.
Then by calcining hot material induction system 120 from the top-feed mouthful 31 of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal and or side Wall charge door 32 is delivered in molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.In the process, first by calcining hot material induction system 120 Calcining by the lifting of calcining winding shaft 50, and by crane 60 be transported to plus feeding chamber 70 in, plus in the storehouse of feeding chamber 70 High temperature calcining from the top-feed mouthful 31 of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal and or side wall charge door 32 be delivered to the side-blown electricity of oxygen coal In hot melt point stove 30.Flux is added simultaneously, by being arranged on the multichannel spray guns 34 of molten point of stove both sides of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal by richness The temperature that carrier of oxygen, reducing agent and fuel are sprayed into molten bath mixed zone, lifting molten bath with 180m/s-280m/s flow velocity is to 1450 DEG C~1550 DEG C, material generation bath smelting in stove is reacted and is generated dilval and smelting slag.
Because the lateritic nickel ore in the present embodiment is entered before molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is entered by rotary kiln 20 Row roasting pre-reduction treatment obtains high temperature calcining, and in the process, nickel oxide and part iron are reduced into metal in rotary kiln 20 State, this calcining containing charcoal enters molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal and carries out selective reduction, can produce nickeliferous 10%~35% different The ferronickel of grade.If not using roasting prereduction, nickel and part iron are first restored, then is difficult to carry out selective reduction production height Ferronickel.In addition, carrying out bath smelting reaction to high temperature calcining by being calcined after pre-reduction treatment, the side-blown electricity of oxygen coal can be reduced The heat demand of hot melt point stove 30, it is ensured that what bath smelting reacted is smoothed out.
Molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal in the present embodiment includes setting above rectangle body of heater, the stage casing of the rectangle body of heater Outlet flue 33 is equipped with, is easy to the flue dust in molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal being delivered to the outer of molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Portion, side wall charge door 32 and top-feed mouth 31 are located at the first side of outlet flue 33, and slag notch 38 and metal discharge port 39 are located at Second side relative with the first side of outlet flue 33.By being provided with side wall charge door 32 on molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal With top-feed mouthful 31, the molten point stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal enters stove material and passed through on the multiple top-feeds mouthful 31 of furnace roof or side wall The branch of side wall charge door 32 enters stove, accelerates material melting speed, it is to avoid local cold burden accumulation is excessive, causes the phenomenons such as dead stove, Realize the purpose of continuous smelting.
Molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal in the present embodiment also includes overfiren air port 35, and overfiren air port 35 is arranged on oxygen coal On side blowing electrothermal molten point of the side wall of stove 30 and the side wall of outlet flue 33, the overfiren air port on molten point of side wall of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal 35 and outlet flue 33 side wall on overfiren air port 35 blown into molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, enable to overflow in molten bath The CO gone out fully burns in this region, improves efficiency of utilization.
Preferably, the second side of outlet flue 33 is provided with water cooling partition wall 36, and slag notch 38 and metal discharge port 39 are respectively positioned on The side of the remote outlet flue 33 of water cooling partition wall 36, multiple multichannel spray guns 34 are located at the close outlet flue 33 of water cooling partition wall 36 Side.By the effect of water cooling partition wall 36, obtained decanting zone can be separated in molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, it is to avoid this The molten bath in region is acutely disturbed, it is to avoid the raw material on slag blanket top enter the region, the rate of recovery of raising ferronickel that can be larger.
Molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal in the present embodiment also includes heating component, the heating component be arranged on water cooling every The side of the remote outlet flue 33 of wall 36, is easy to heat the material at slag notch 38 and metal discharge port 39, prevents from putting Zha Fangnie areas lack effective temperature raising means and slagging occur and go out ferronickel freezeout occur, are easy to smelting slag from slag notch 38 are emitted, and dilval is emitted from metal discharge port 39.
Preferably, heating component is electrode assembly 37.Certainly, in other embodiments of the invention, it will can also heat Component is set to other heating arrangements, as long as other modes of texturing under the design of the present invention, the guarantor in the present invention Within the scope of shield.According to above-mentioned structure it is recognised that the device water cooling of the molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction of the present invention The side of partition wall 36 is settled using electric heating thermal insulation, it is ensured that slag iron is not freezed outside reaction zone, can smoothly discharge out of the furnace, electrode assembly 37 also ensure that ferronickel preferably separates sedimentation in slag, improves the rate of recovery of nickel.
Cold water pipes are embedded with water cooling partition wall 36 in the present embodiment, by the effect of cold water pipes, are easy in oxygen coal Negative pressure Water Cooling Technology is formed in molten point of stove 30 of side blowing electrothermal, it is to avoid the potential safety hazard that water jacket leak is brought.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, there is provided a kind of oxygen-enriched molten dividend of fine coal reduction according to another embodiment of the present invention The method of native nickel minerals, this method uses the device of the oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction in above-described embodiment to realize, this The method of molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction in embodiment includes：Processing is dried in lateritic nickel ore, makes laterite nickel Ore deposit water content is down to less than 22%；Lateritic nickel ore after drying process is delivered to rotary kiln 20 carries out roasting and prereduction and obtain High temperature calcining, the kiln discharge temperature of high temperature calcining is 750 DEG C to 950 DEG C；High temperature calcining is added into molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Interior, the temperature that high temperature calcining enters molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is 700 DEG C to 850 DEG C, while flux is added, by setting The molten point of both sides of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal multichannel spray gun 34 by oxygen rich gas, reducing agent and fuel with 180m/s extremely 280m/s flow velocity sprays into the molten bath mixed zone of molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, and oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is melted into the molten of point stove 30 Temperature in pond is promoted to 1450 DEG C to 1550 DEG C, so that bath smelting reaction occurs for material in molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal And generate dilval and smelting slag；Wherein, molten bath mixed zone refers to molten bath top smelting furnace slag blanket and molten bath bottom ferronickel Transitional region between alloy-layer, the transitional region contains dilval and smelting slag simultaneously；Divide from oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is molten The slag notch 38 of stove 30 releases smelting slag, and dilval is released from the metal discharge port 39 of molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.
As background section is mentioned, pyrogenic attack lateritic nickel ore existing a variety of methods in the prior art.But, The various technology paths of lateritic nickel ore are handled using side-blowing bath smelting technology, generally existing molten bath bottom temp is inadequate, bottom The problem of dilval illiquidity and bonding.Because existing use side-blowing bath smelting technology handles laterite at present In the various technology paths of nickel minerals, spray gun is arranged at the smelting furnace slag blanket in molten bath, its main heating position near spray gun, away from From bottom dilval layer have with a certain distance from, due to the loss in heat conductive process, cause bottom dilval layer no To enough heats, and make the problem of it produces illiquidity and bonded.However, it is not but this area that Burners Positions, which are moved down, The conventional selection of technical staff, this be again because：Once 1) by multichannel spray gun be arranged on molten bath bottom dilval layer or Mixed zone, then heat release position will focus on this region, but the dilval composition in the region at high temperature will be to neighbouring water jacket Or refractory brick has strong erosion effect, prevent body of heater from maintaining normal a life-span, the lost of life；2) spray gun is arranged on this Region, will strengthen zone melt agitation, so that aggravating dilval components on proximate water jacket or refractory brick has strong erosion, together Sample has influence on converter life.Therefore, those skilled in the art would rather stand furnace temperature deficiency and asking for bonding after comprehensive analysis Topic, is also reluctant to move down and cause frequent blowing out overhaul spray gun.Before the application proposition, above-mentioned viewpoint has been art technology The generally understanding and conventional selection of personnel.
However, in the above embodiments of the present application, inventor by spray gun by being arranged on spray gun mixed zone, and by spray gun stream Speed brings up to 180m/s-280m/s, and a series of problems in the prior art and worry are solved at one stroke.Because when spray gun flow velocity When being promoted to 180m/s-280m/s, the heat that muzzle zonal combustion is produced in conduction to after neighbouring water jacket or refractory brick, and immediately Taken away by the gas and material in spray gun, and the water jacket or refractory brick of muzzle areas adjacent is kept a normal job Temperature.In this case, the corrosion function of the water jacket or refractory brick of the dilval components on proximate of mixed zone is effectively controlled System, makes converter life reach an acceptable degree.In addition, so doing also one extra advantage, handle is just comparable to Liberated heat is burnt in molten bath further through in the gas in spray gun and material web melt back pond, being conducive to improving heat utilization efficiency, is subtracted Few fuel consumption, is to kill two birds with one stone.In addition it should be noted that by multichannel spray gun with 180m/s-280m/s flow velocity The reducing agent and fuel for spraying into molten bath mixed zone can be materials of the same race, for example, be all fine coal, coal gas or natural gas etc..
Further, since lateritic nickel ore in the present embodiment enter the molten point stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal be calcined it is pre- Reduction treatment obtains high temperature calcining, in the process, and nickel oxide and part iron are reduced into metallic state in rotary kiln 20, and this contains charcoal Calcining enters molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal and carries out selective reduction, can produce the nickel of nickeliferous 10%~35% different grades Iron.If not using roasting prereduction, nickel and part iron are first restored, then is difficult to carry out selective reduction to produce high ferronickel.This Outside, bath smelting reaction is being carried out to high temperature calcining by being calcined after pre-reduction treatment, molten point of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal can be reduced The heat demand of stove 30, it is ensured that what bath smelting reacted is smoothed out.
According to the embodiment of molten point of stove of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal of the present invention, above-mentioned multichannel spray gun 34 is arranged on muzzle and covers brick In (not shown), and the front end of multichannel spray gun 34 stretch out muzzle set brick 100mm-200mm, make oxygen rich gas, reducing agent and When fuel sprays into molten bath mixed zone with 180m/s-280m/s flow velocity, melt cooling near the extension of multichannel spray gun 34 To half curdled appearance, do not weathered so as to protect muzzle to cover brick.
Present inventor it is further proposed that, cover brick 100mm- by the way that the front end of multichannel spray gun 34 is stretched out into muzzle 200mm, can make the mixed zone melt near extension be cooled to half curdled appearance.The melt temperature of this half curdled appearance Low, poor fluidity is spent, the spray gun and muzzle set brick to extension form natural protection, or even can be to neighbouring other water jackets or resistance to Firebrick plays a protective role.By above-mentioned technological means, it is possible to prevente effectively from the ferronickel that muzzle zone melt strong agitation is caused Erosion of the alloying component to water jacket or refractory brick, makes converter life lifting to a preferable level.
Present inventor has found, either muzzle brick (i.e. refractory brick), or installation multichannel spray gun in the prior art 34 corresponding water jacket (calling muzzle water jacket in the following text) all Shortcomings.The cooling effect of muzzle brick is bad, and the temperature in muzzle region Natively high, it is very fast that cooling deficiency will cause muzzle brick to corrode, it is difficult to maintains the reasonable life-span, when multichannel spray gun 34 be arranged on it is mixed Close even more so during area；And muzzle water jacket is protected by dross, but it is less in molten bath mixed zone smelting slag composition, it is difficult to Effective dross, dilval composition can produce Eroded to the metal for manufacturing water jacket again in addition, once leak will be caused seriously Security incident.Therefore, inventor proposes a kind of muzzle set brick of refractory brick-water jacket composite construction, and it is close to the one end in molten bath Refractory brick, its other end is water jacket, and the advantage of this muzzle set brick is：1) due to there is the reinforcing of water jacket cooling, thus it is close The refractory brick temperature in molten bath can be effectively controlled, and erosive velocity slows down significantly, and muzzle can be maintained to cover the reasonable life-span of brick； 2) due to water jacket not directly with mixed zone molten bath contact, therefore do not have to concern be difficult to dross, dilval composition corrode water jacket The problem of.Further, since refractory brick is with water jacket, the coefficient of expansion is different at high temperature, brick is easily fallen during production, in order to ensure Refractory brick and the firm combination in two parts of water jacket, inventor propose to combine the rifle for being constituted rectangular parallelepiped structure with chisel teeth connected mode Muzzle brick.
Lateritic nickel ore be limonite type, silicon magnesium types or the two coordinate lateritic nickel ore, using lime stone as flux into / mono-, with SiO2Based on-MgO-CaO-FeO slag types, by adjusting the addition of flux to adjust slag type, and pass through adjustment Reducing agent addition amount controls Fe reduction degree, obtains the dilval of different grades, molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal it is molten Temperature in pond is according to the difference control of slag type in the range of 1400 DEG C to 1550 DEG C, and the ferronickel of production nickeliferous 10%~35% is closed Gold.
The standard of above-mentioned high-grade nickel ferroalloy or low ore grade nickel ferroalloy according to required by matallurgical products carries out self-defined Setting.
Lateritic nickel ore generally 30%-35% containing mechanical water, the crystallization water for separately having 10%.Must first it be dried, this implementation Roasting pre-reduction treatment is also carried out after lateritic nickel ore drying process in example, then just feeding oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is molten divides stove 30 carry out reduction melting, and nickel oxide and part iron are reduced into metallic state in rotary kiln 20, and it is side-blown that this calcining containing charcoal enters oxygen coal Electric heating melting point stove 30 carries out selective reduction, can produce the ferronickel of nickeliferous 10%~35% different grades.If not using roasting Prereduction, first restores nickel and part iron, then is difficult to carry out selective reduction to produce high ferronickel.In addition, by being calcined prereduction Bath smelting reaction is being carried out to high temperature calcining after processing, the heat demand of molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal can be reduced, protected What card bath smelting reacted is smoothed out.
In the present embodiment in the step of high temperature calcining is added to molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, high temperature calcining is from oxygen coal The top-feed mouthful 31 of molten point of stove 30 of side blowing electrothermal and or side wall charge door 32 enter in molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.Oxygen Molten point of stove 30 of coal side blowing electrothermal enter stove material by the multiple top-feeds mouthful 31 of furnace roof and or side wall on 32 points of side wall charge door Stove is clicked and entered, accelerates material melting speed, it is to avoid local cold burden accumulation is excessive, causes the phenomenons such as dead stove, realizes continuous smelting Purpose.
During bath smelting reaction occurs for material in molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is utilized Overfiren air port 35 on molten point of stove 30 is passed through air so that molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal into molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal 30 CO overflowed fully burn.
In the method for the molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction of the present embodiment, processing is dried in lateritic nickel ore, The step for making its water content be down to less than 22% is specially：Use dry kiln 10 by lateritic nickel ore drying to water content be 22% with Under；Lateritic nickel ore after drying process is delivered into the step of rotary kiln 20 carries out roasting prereduction is specially：Passed by adhesive tape Lateritic nickel ore Jing Guo drying process is added in rotary kiln 20 by defeated machine；High temperature calcining is added into molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Concretely comprising the following steps in 30：It is by calcining hot material induction system 120 that high temperature calcining is direct from top-feed mouthful from feeding chamber 70 31 and or molten point of stove 30 of the feeding oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal of side wall charge door 32 in.The molten point stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal enters stove material and led to The branch of side wall charge door 32 crossed on the multiple top-feeds mouthful 31 of furnace roof or side wall enters stove, accelerates material melting speed, it is to avoid Local cold burden accumulation is excessive, causes the phenomenons such as dead stove, realizes the purpose of continuous smelting.
In each above-mentioned embodiment, flux can be by the top-feed mouthful 31 on molten point of stove 30 of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal With or side wall charge door 32 be added directly into molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the implementing procedure of the method for the molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction that the present invention is provided is such as Under：
Lateritic nickel ore tentatively sieve, it is broken, deliver to rickyard store up it is standby.The lateritic nickel ore of rickyard is delivered to Dry kiln is dried, and obtains aqueous less than 22% lateritic nickel ore.In drying process, air and fine coal are sent into dry kiln, The flue gas of generation send tail gas desulfurization after being gathered dust through electricity, and the flue dust taken down enters stove thing as molten point of stove of follow-up oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal One of material.
After above-mentioned aqueous less than 22% lateritic nickel ore is sieved again, add appropriate fine coal and auxiliary material is carried out it after dispensing Rotary kiln is sent into, and is passed through air and fine coal, roasting is carried out and dries and prereduction, it is 750 DEG C~950 it is obtained kiln discharge temperature DEG C high temperature calcining, be then sent for the feed bin of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.Will through molten point of stove feed proportioning system of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Flux (such as lime), the lateritic nickel ore through depth drying and the flue dust that obtains before by a certain percentage from top-feed mouthful and Or side wall charge door is added directly into molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal and sent, at the same by multichannel spray gun by oxygen rich gas, also Former agent and fuel (such as fine coal) spray into molten bath.Wherein oxygen rich gas can be formed with compressed air and oxygen mix.
The product of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal has clinker, thick dilval and flue gas, and clinker passes through water cooling partition wall electric heating Released after clarification, clinker can be to take out after the broken processing of water, and refining procedure can be taken out or be sent to thick dilval, and flue gas can be used for After waste heat cogeneration, emptied after fume treatment.
As can be seen from the above description, the above embodiments of the present invention realize following technique effect：
(1) heat loss is few, and quantity of circulating water is few, and comprehensive energy consumption is low.Compared to side-blowing bath smelting furnace (example of the prior art Such as Wa Niukefu stoves) in water jacket directly with for melt contacts (only one layer of centre dross is protected), it is molten due to the present embodiment The water jacket innermost insert of pond smelting furnace refractory brick protection so that melt heat, which scatters and disappears, to be reduced, the cooling circulating water needed for water jacket Amount is also small a lot, and comprehensive energy consumption is lower, further, since more heats are stayed in stove so that addition is needed in production process Fuel is also few.
(2) fuel tolerance is strong.The fuel being blown in the multichannel spray gun of the present embodiment can be using natural gas, fine coal or again Oil.
(3) the direct dispensing of reduction coal of whole smelting system enters rotary kiln baking prereduction, and nickel oxide and part iron are being returned Rotary kiln is reduced into metallic state, and this calcining containing charcoal enters molten point of stove and carries out selective reduction, can produce nickeliferous 10~35% different product The ferronickel of position.If not using prereduction, nickel and part iron are first restored, then is difficult to carry out selective reduction to produce high ferronickel.
(4) high temperature calcining is by hot-loading and hot-conveying, and calcining kiln discharge temperature is 750 DEG C~950 DEG C, enters molten point of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Furnace temperature is 700 DEG C~850 DEG C.High-temp. furnace material hot-loading and hot-conveying can reduce energy consumption, improve the efficiency of molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal And specific capacity.
(5) molten point of stove of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal enters stove material and entered by the multiple points of furnace roof or with multiple of furnace wall side branch Stove, accelerates material melting speed, it is to avoid local cold burden accumulation is excessive, causes the phenomenons such as dead stove, realizes the purpose of continuous smelting.
(6) oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal melts point furnace side wall paper to put the CO overflowed in multiple overfiren air ports, molten bath abundant in this region Burning, improves efficiency of utilization.
(7) molten point of stove slag output end of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal sets water cooling partition wall.Water cooling partition wall will manufacture more preferable decanting zone, keep away The molten bath for exempting from this region is acutely disturbed, it is to avoid the raw material on slag blanket top enter the region, the rate of recovery of raising ferronickel that can be larger.
(8) settled in the side of water cooling partition wall using electric heating thermal insulation, it is ensured that slag iron is not freezed outside reaction zone, can smoothly arrange Come out of the stove outer, electrode assembly also ensures that ferronickel preferably separates sedimentation in slag, improves the rate of recovery of nickel.
(9) water cooling partition wall uses negative pressure Water Cooling Technology, it is to avoid the potential safety hazard that water jacket leak is brought.
It can be seen that, there is the method and apparatus of molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction of the invention electric power to rely on low, energy smelting Low-grade laterite is refined, the technique can realize that controllable selective reduction, fuel tolerance height, nickel recovery are high, and the thermal efficiency is high, The advantages of operating rate is high.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.

Claims (13)

1. a kind of method of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction, it is characterised in that including：
Processing is dried in lateritic nickel ore, lateritic nickel ore water content is down to less than 22%；
Dried lateritic nickel ore is delivered to rotary kiln (20) progress roasting prereduction and high temperature calcining is obtained, the high temperature roasting The kiln discharge temperature of sand is 750 DEG C to 950 DEG C；
High temperature calcining is added in molten point of stove (30) of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, the high temperature calcining is molten into the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal The temperature for dividing stove (30) is 700 DEG C to 850 DEG C, while flux is added, by being arranged on molten point of stove of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal (30) the multichannel spray gun (34) of both sides sprays into oxygen rich gas, reducing agent and fuel with 180m/s to 280m/s flow velocity described The molten bath mixed zone of molten point of stove (30) of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, and the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is melted into the temperature in the molten bath for dividing stove (30) Degree is promoted to 1450 DEG C to 1550 DEG C, so that bath smelting reaction occurs for molten point of interior material of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal simultaneously Generate dilval and smelting slag；Wherein, the molten bath mixed zone refers to molten bath top smelting furnace slag blanket and molten bath bottom nickel Transitional region between iron alloy layer, the transitional region contains dilval and smelting slag simultaneously；
Smelting slag is released from the slag notch (38) of molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, it is molten from the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal The metal discharge port (39) of stove (30) is divided to release dilval.
2. the method for molten point of lateritic nickel ore of oxygen-enriched fine coal reduction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by the height In the step of warm calcining adds molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, the high temperature calcining is molten from the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal The top-feed mouthful (31) of point stove (30) and or side wall charge door (32) to enter molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal interior.
3. the method for oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in the oxygen coal During bath smelting reaction occurs for molten point of interior material of stove (30) of side blowing electrothermal, molten point of stove of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is utilized (30) overfiren air port (35) on is passed through air so that the side-blown electricity of oxygen coal into molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal The CO that hot melt point stove (30) overflows fully burns.
4. the method for oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the multichannel Spray gun (34) is arranged on the muzzle set brick of molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, and the multichannel spray gun (34) front end The muzzle set brick 100mm to 200mm is stretched out, so that oxygen rich gas, reducing agent and fuel are with 180m/s to 280m/s flow velocity When spraying into molten bath mixed zone, nearby melt cooling is to half curdled appearance for the extension of the multichannel spray gun (34), so as to protect The muzzle set brick is protected not weather.
5. the method for oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
It is described that processing is dried in lateritic nickel ore, make the step that its water content is down to less than 22% be specially：Using dry kiln (10) it is less than 22% by the lateritic nickel ore drying to water content；
Lateritic nickel ore after drying process is delivered into the step of rotary kiln (20) carries out roasting prereduction is specially：Pass through adhesive tape Lateritic nickel ore after drying process is added in the rotary kiln (20) by conveyer (40)；
High temperature calcining is added into concretely comprising the following steps in molten point of stove (30) of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal：Pass through calcining hot material induction system (120) high temperature calcining is added in molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.
6. the method for oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to any one of claim 1 to 5, its feature exists In the lateritic nickel ore is limonite type, silicon magnesium types or the two lateritic nickel ore coordinated, and the flux is used as using lime stone One of composition, with SiO2Based on-MgO-CaO-FeO slag types, by adjusting the addition of flux to adjust slag type, and by adjusting Whole reducing agent addition amount controls Fe reduction degree, obtains the dilval of different grades, molten point of stove of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal (30) the temperature in molten bath in the range of 1400 DEG C to 1550 DEG C, produces nickeliferous 10%~35% according to the difference control of slag type Dilval.
7. a kind of device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction, it is characterised in that including dry kiln (10), rotary kiln (20) And molten point of stove (30) of oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal, wherein,
Adhesive-tape machine (40) is provided between the rotary kiln (20) and the dry kiln (10), the rotary kiln (20) is used for The lateritic nickel ore transmitted to the adhesive-tape machine (40) carries out roasting prereduction and obtains high temperature calcining；
Calcining hot material induction system is provided between molten point of stove (30) of the rotary kiln (20) and the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal (120), the top of molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal sets top-feed mouthful (31), molten point of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal Side wall charge door (32), slag notch (38) and multiple multichannel spray guns (34), the oxygen coal side are provided with the side wall of stove (30) The bottom for blowing electric heating melting point stove (30) is provided with metal discharge port (39), and the high temperature calcining passes through calcining hot material induction system (120) from the top-feed mouthful (31) and or the side wall charge door (32) enter that the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal is molten to divide a stove (30) in, the output end of the multiple multichannel spray gun (34) puts in the inside of molten point of stove (30) of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal.
8. the device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the oxygen coal side Blowing electric heating melting point stove (30) includes being provided with outlet flue (33), the side above rectangle body of heater, the stage casing of the rectangle body of heater Wall charge door (32) and the top-feed mouthful (31) are located at the first side of the outlet flue (33), the slag notch (38) and institute State second side relative with the first side that metal discharge port (39) is located at the outlet flue (33).
9. the device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the oxygen coal side Blowing electric heating melting point stove (30) also includes overfiren air port (35), and the overfiren air port (35) is arranged on molten point of the oxygen coal side blowing electrothermal On the side wall of stove (30) and the side wall of the outlet flue (33).
10. the device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the smoke Second side of mouth (33) is provided with water cooling partition wall (36), and the slag notch (38) and the metal discharge port (39) are located at the water The side of the remote outlet flue (33) of cold shut wall (36), the multiple multichannel spray gun (34) is located at the water cooling partition wall (36) side of the close outlet flue (33).
11. the device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the oxygen coal Molten point of stove (30) of side blowing electrothermal also includes heating component, and the heating component is arranged on the remote described of the water cooling partition wall (36) The side of outlet flue (33).
12. the device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 11, it is characterised in that the heating Component includes electrode assembly (37).
13. the device of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction according to claim 10, it is characterised in that the water cooling Cold water pipes are embedded with partition wall (36).
CN201710455039.6A 2017-06-15 2017-06-15 The method and apparatus of oxygen-enriched molten point of lateritic nickel ore of fine coal reduction Pending CN107217136A (en)

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CN111534703A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-08-14 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Method for recovering valuable metals from nickel-containing leaching residues
CN111961880A (en) * 2020-07-28 2020-11-20 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Method for producing metallized nickel anode plate by using bottom blowing furnace
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WO2022021466A1 (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-03 王平 A method for treating a laterite-nickel ore surface ore by means of a three-stage reduction method
CN114561504A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-05-31 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Melting device and melting method based on fluidization prereduction
CN115652107A (en) * 2022-11-17 2023-01-31 天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司 High nickel matte production device and production method
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CN108300851A (en) * 2018-01-31 2018-07-20 山东墨龙石油机械股份有限公司 A kind of HIsmelt iron-bearing materials preheating pre-reduction treatment technique
CN108707750B (en) * 2018-05-08 2020-03-03 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Comprehensive treatment method for copper-containing sludge and circuit board
CN108707750A (en) * 2018-05-08 2018-10-26 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 A kind of integrated conduct method of copper-contained sludge and wiring board
CN108531737A (en) * 2018-05-08 2018-09-14 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 A kind of total system of copper-contained sludge and wiring board
CN108531737B (en) * 2018-05-08 2024-02-27 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Comprehensive treatment system for copper-containing sludge and circuit board
CN108660311A (en) * 2018-08-10 2018-10-16 阳江翌川金属科技有限公司 A kind of laterite reduction apparatus and production technology
CN108660311B (en) * 2018-08-10 2023-10-24 阳江翌川金属科技有限公司 Laterite ore reduction equipment and production process
CN109536699A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-03-29 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Handle the device of hazardous waste
CN110205501A (en) * 2019-07-08 2019-09-06 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Reduction nickel-containing material prepares the device of nickel matte
CN111534703A (en) * 2020-02-28 2020-08-14 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Method for recovering valuable metals from nickel-containing leaching residues
CN111378851B (en) * 2020-04-16 2023-09-19 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 System and method for treating laterite nickel ore
CN111378851A (en) * 2020-04-16 2020-07-07 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 System and method for treating laterite-nickel ore
CN111961880A (en) * 2020-07-28 2020-11-20 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 Method for producing metallized nickel anode plate by using bottom blowing furnace
WO2022021466A1 (en) * 2020-07-28 2022-02-03 王平 A method for treating a laterite-nickel ore surface ore by means of a three-stage reduction method
CN112626301A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-04-09 商都中建金马冶金化工有限公司 Preparation process of nickel-iron alloy
WO2022252374A1 (en) * 2021-05-31 2022-12-08 中伟新材料股份有限公司 Method for producing low nickel matte by smelting, reduction and sulfidation of nickel oxide ore
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Application publication date: 20170929