CN203275257U - Modular soil body permeability tester - Google Patents
Modular soil body permeability tester Download PDFInfo
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- CN203275257U CN203275257U CN 201320307944 CN201320307944U CN203275257U CN 203275257 U CN203275257 U CN 203275257U CN 201320307944 CN201320307944 CN 201320307944 CN 201320307944 U CN201320307944 U CN 201320307944U CN 203275257 U CN203275257 U CN 203275257U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a modular soil body permeability tester comprising a soil body seepage system, a seepage working condition control system and a data acquisition system. Different modular structural members are assembled to simulate various test working conditions, thus the seepage characteristics of a soil body are researched economically and efficiently. The modular structural member comprises a top box, an organic glass cylinder, a bottom box, an artificial rainfall module, a reverse filtering part and the like; the modular structural member is convenient in mounting and dismounting and beneficial to the preparation of a sample; and the water in the seepage process can be recycled, so that the water source can be saved. In addition, all modular structural members can be freely selected and arranged according to different research purposes, so that the testing equipment has high expandability, and furthermore, various testing requirements are met. According to the utility model, the modular design concept is adopted, the testing equipment has the advantages of diversity, economy, high efficiency, expandability and the like, and the measured test parameters are more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the measuring equipment of a kind of soil body osmotic coefficient curve and native water characteristic curve, relates in particular to and a kind ofly measures that homogeneous soil, crack soil, alternating layers are native, refuse soil, frozen soil and contain the infiltration coefficient curve of the geosynthetics soil body and the modularization soil body penetration test instrument of native water characteristic curve.
Background technology
The perviousness reflection soil of soil transmits the ability of water, is one of fundamental property of soil, is also the important engineering characteristic that Geotechnical Engineering is paid close attention to.A large amount of Geotechnical Engineering cases shows that its mechanism of causing disaster is many and soil body penetration is closely related.Therefore, obtaining accurately by test, the soil body penetration parameter has important academic significance and practical value.The factors such as the crack in the perviousness of the soil body and soil particle character, soil moisture content, porosity, the soil body and working condition are closely related, how accurately the initial key parameter of Control Assay and seepage flow working condition saturated to measure-unsaturation soil body infiltration coefficient curve and native water characteristic curve, be the hot issue that the test soil mechanics is paid close attention to always.In use can there be following deficiency in existing permeameter:
1, applicable soil nature is single.Homogeneous soil, crack soil, alternating layers are native, refuse soil, frozen soil and to contain the soil of different nature such as soil of geosynthetics all different to size and the functional requirement of permeameter, often for the soil design of single character, plant factor is low and uneconomical for the traditional experiment instrument.
2, the control of seepage flow operating mode is single.The seepage flow operating conditions of traditional experiment equipment is single, be difficult to satisfy simultaneously seepage flow upwards, downwards seepage flow, decide hydrohead test, varying head test, earth pillar absorbs water and the different operating modes such as rainfall infiltration to the requirement of test instrument, the unfavorable seepage research of carrying out various working.
3, the preparation of sample is difficult for.The organic glass cylinder of traditional experiment equipment is owing to being difficult for highly greatly sample preparation, and the initial key that is difficult to the tests such as accurate Control Assay water percentage, dry density and crack distribution characteristics controls parameter, is unfavorable for the sample preparation of homogeneous soil, crack soil and frozen soil etc.
4, the test instrument function does not have extendability.The problem that Practical Project faces is very complicated, but the traditional experiment instrument usually designs for the operating mode of single or minority and equipment is difficult for repacking, does not have extensibility, makes the traditional experiment instrument be difficult to be applicable to the research of complex working condition seepage characteristic.
The utility model content
For defects or deficiency, the utility model provides a kind of modularization soil body penetration test instrument, can be used in and measure infiltration coefficient curve and the native water characteristic curve of the heterogeneity soil body under multiple operating condition of test, and the permeability parameter of trying to achieve is more accurate, test method is more convenient.
The technical solution of the utility model is:
Comprise seepage through soil mass system, seepage flow operating conditions system and data acquisition system (DAS);
Described seepage through soil mass system comprises box at the bottom of worktable, modularization, modularization organic glass cylinder, modularization top box and anti-filter parts, be fixed with box at the bottom of the modularization of placing the anti-filter parts on worktable, box upper ends modularization organic glass cylinder at the bottom of modularization, at the bottom of modularization, exit, box lower end is connected with measuring cup by pipeline, is placed with the anti-filter parts at the bottom of modularization in box; The top installation module top box of described modularization organic glass cylinder, the monitoring holes of soil sampling when offering the monitoring of carrying out matric suction, water percentage and temperature or test on the barrel of modularization organic glass cylinder, the top of modularization top box is equipped with the second tensimeter;
Described seepage flow operating conditions system is connected with the seepage through soil mass system by pipeline, and system provides water source and head condition for seepage through soil mass;
Described data acquisition system (DAS) comprises monitoring device, computer and the video camera that inserts in monitoring holes, and described monitoring device is connected with computer by cable, is connected with the video camera that records the soil body moistening peak development and change for shooting on computer.
Place geosynthetics between described modularization organic glass cylinder, insert alternating layers soil in modularization organic glass cylinder, place geosynthetics between alternating layers soil.
Described anti-filter parts comprise the glass sand filter material, and the top and bottom of glass sand filter material are provided with woven wire; The anti-filter parts of upper end are positioned in modularization organic glass cylinder.
Be placed with the required rainmaking module of rainfall infiltration examination in the modularization organic glass cylinder of described modularization top box lower end, the rainmaking module is fine-meshed sheet metal, pore lower end employing syringe needle structure.
Described monitoring device comprises one or more in tensiometer, moisture meter or thermometer.
Described measuring cup rim of a cup is wrapped with one deck evaporation control film.
Described seepage flow operating conditions system comprises steel ladle, water pump, the water butt of the water that water filling bucket, recovery test are got rid of, and wherein, the water filling bucket is comprised of bucket, cooperage spigot and draft tube, and the water filling bucket is connected with water pump, top box and end box by pipeline; Described water pump is connected with water butt; Steel ladle is connected with end box with the water filling bucket by pipeline; Be provided with the first standpipe on pipeline between steel ladle and end box, be provided with the second standpipe on the pipeline between water filling bucket and top box.
Be provided with pressure control valve on pipeline between described water pump and top box, the pressure control valve place is equipped with the first tensimeter.
On described water filling bucket, vacuum meter is installed.
Water inlet and the water delivering orifice of described water pump are connected with filtrator.
Compared to the prior art the utility model has the following advantages:
1, the utility model provides a kind of soil body penetration test instrument, select modularization organic glass cylinder according to modular design method, and offer monitoring holes on organic glass cylinder barrel, modular top box is set on the organic glass cylinder, simultaneously, organic glass cylinder bottom arranges box at the bottom of modularization, adopt modular member can satisfy homogeneous soil, crack soil, refuse soil, frozen soil, alternating layers soil, contain the seepage tests of soil of the multiple character such as the soil body of geosynthetics, therefore plant factor is high, and testing equipment has the characteristics such as diversity and economy.
2, modularization soil body penetration test instrument easy installation and removal of the present utility model and have the height extensibility.Separate and the moderate dimensions of modularizing member facilitates the installing/dismounting in process of the test.In addition, freely selecting and being arranged so that test instrument has the extensibility of height of modularizing member can be according to test objective and the seepage flow operating mode that requires Simulation of Complex.Loaded filter to be set as example, the infiltration erosion effect of the replaceable loaded filter research soil body and the working effect of evaluation loaded filter.
3, the control of seepage flow operating mode is various.Seepage flow operating conditions system can provide upwards seepage flow, downwards seepage flow, decide head seepage flow, varying head seepage flow, earth pillar absorbs water and the different working conditions such as rainfall infiltration, and the simple refit through pipeline can change the seepage flow operating mode, therefore be conducive to study the Penetration Signature of the analog structure soil body under different seepage flow operating modes, to avoid sample preparation again to cause soil structures to change infiltrative impact, in addition, a kind of seepage flow operating mode can be passed through accomplished in many ways, the dirigibility that has increased test operation.
4, facilitate sample preparation.Modularization organic glass cylinder size is moderate, not only facilitates sample preparation, and during tamping in layers, and accurately the test initial key such as the moisture content and dry density of Control Assay is controlled parameter, more is conducive to the sample preparation work of crack soil, frozen soil and alternating layers soil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the soil body penetration test instrument structural representation that the utility model provides;
Fig. 2 is box structural representation at the bottom of the soil body penetration test instrument that provides of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the soil body penetration test instrument glass infuser junction geosynthetics structural representation that the utility model provides;
Fig. 4 is the soil body penetration test instrument anti-filter modular construction schematic diagram that the utility model provides;
Fig. 5 is the soil body penetration test instrument top box structural representation that the utility model provides;
Fig. 6 is the soil body penetration test instrument rainmaking modular structure schematic diagram that the utility model provides;
Fig. 7 is the soil body penetration test instrument organic glass cylinder cross-sectional view that the utility model provides.
in figure, 1-seepage through soil mass system, 2-seepage flow operating conditions system, the 3-vent port, the 4-worktable, 5-modularization top box, 5-1-top box water inlet, 5-2-top box water delivering orifice, 6-modularization organic glass cylinder, box at the bottom of the 7-modularization, the 8-plexiglass base plate, 9-rainmaking module, the 10-woven wire, 11-glass sand filter material, the 12-geosynthetics, the 13-bolt, 14-silica gel, the 15-rubber washer, the 16-plug, 17-plug with holes, 18-water filling bucket, 18-1-the first water inlet, 18-2-the first water delivering orifice, 18-3-the second water delivering orifice, 18-4-bottom water delivering orifice, the 19-water butt, the 20-steel ladle, the 21-measuring cup, 22-1-the first standpipe, 22-1 the second standpipe, 23-1-the first pipeline, 23-2-the second pipeline, 23-3-the 3rd pipeline, 23-4-the 4th pipeline, 23-5-the 5th pipeline, 23-6-the 6th pipeline, 23-7-the 7th pipeline, 23-8-the 8th pipeline, 23-9-the 9th pipeline, 23-10-the tenth pipeline, the 24-cooperage spigot, the 25-draft tube, 26-evaporation control film, the 27-water pump, the 28-filtrator, 29-1-the first valve, 29-2-the second valve, 29-3-the 3rd valve, 29-4-the 4th valve, 29-5-the 5th valve, 29-6-the 6th valve, 29-7-the 7th valve, 29-8-the 8th valve, 29-9-the 9th valve, 29-10-the tenth valve, 29-11-the 11 valve, 29-12-the 12 valve, 29-13-the 13 valve, 29-14-the 14 valve, 29-15-the 15 valve, 29-16-the 16 valve, 29-17-the 17 valve, 29-18-the 18 valve, 29-19-the 19 valve, 29-20-the 20 valve, 29-21-the 21 valve, the 30-pressure control valve, the 31-vent port, the 32-monitoring holes, the 33-tensiometer, the 34-moisture meter, the 35-thermometer, 36-1 the first tensimeter, 36-2 the second tensimeter, the 37-vacuum meter, the 38-video camera, the 39-computer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, modularization soil body penetration test instrument comprises seepage through soil mass system 1, seepage flow operating conditions system 2 and automatic data acquisition system 3.
Above-mentioned seepage through soil mass system 1 is comprised of the modules member, comprises box 7 at the bottom of worktable 4, modularization top box 5, modularization organic glass cylinder 6, modularization, rainmaking module 9 and anti-filter parts.Each modularizing member is separate, easy installation and removal, and can freely select and arrange for different research purposes.Be equipped with scale on box 7 at the bottom of above-mentioned modularization top box 5, modularization organic glass cylinder 6 and modularization, with convenient definite moistening peak position and specimen height.As shown in Figure 5, above-mentioned modularization top box 5 tops are provided with the vent port 31 of the 6th valve 29-6 and the second tensimeter 36-2, be provided with water inlet 5-1 and water delivering orifice 5-2 on modularization top box 5 outer walls, it is that modularization top box 5 supplies water that water inlet 5-1 connects water filling bucket 18, and water delivering orifice 5-1 controls the head value and decides the head condition and can change the head value of deciding head by the quantity that suitably increases the above modularization organic glass of soil body cylinder 6 for downward seepage flow provides.Above-mentioned modularization organic glass cylinder 6 sectionals, facilitate the preparation of sample and place rainmaking module 9 according to test objective, as shown in Figure 6, and geosynthetics, as shown in Figure 4, carry out the research of rainfall infiltration and soil-geosynthetics seepage coupling, in addition, the research that loaded filter carries out the infiltration erosion effect of the soil body can be set.As shown in Figure 3, each modularization organic glass cylinder 6 connects by bolt 13, and rubber washer 15 is placed to guarantee its sealing in the junction.At the bottom of above-mentioned modularization, box is connected with worktable 4 by bolt 13.Place geosynthetics 12 between described modularization organic glass cylinder 6, geosynthetics 12 is fixed between organic glass cylinder 6 by silica gel 14, insert alternating layers soil in modularization organic glass cylinder 6, place geosynthetics 12 between alternating layers soil, geosynthetics is the general designation that is applied to various products Geotechnical Engineering and civil engineering construction, that make take synthetic material as starting material.Modularization organic glass cylinder 6 lower ends are provided with box 7 at the bottom of modularization, and as shown in Figure 2, at the bottom of modularization, box 7 is positioned on worktable 4, is placed with the anti-filter parts at the bottom of modularization in box 7, and at the bottom of modularization, box 7 exits, lower end are connected with measuring cup 21 by pipeline.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned measuring cup 21 by pipeline be positioned over modularization at the bottom of the plexiglass base plate 8 of box 7 bottoms be connected, be used for the content that measurement seepage flow and seepage through soil mass destroy the fine grained soil of taking out of, measuring cup 21 rims of a cup are wrapped with one deck evaporation control film 26, its effect is to prevent that the water evaporation quantity in measuring cup is excessive, control group also can be set eliminate error.
Concrete, as shown in Figure 6, above-mentioned anti-filter parts comprise glass sand filter material 11, the top and bottom of glass sand filter material 11 are provided with woven wire 10, wherein, the upper end of glass sand filter material 11 arranges two-layer woven wire, the two-layer woven wire of the lower end of glass sand filter material 11, the anti-filter parts can be sample the current that evenly infiltrate are provided, and stop too much sample soil particle to be taken out of; The anti-filter parts are placed on respectively at the bottom of modularization in box 7 and soil body upper end.Be placed with the required rainmaking module 9 of rainfall infiltration examination in described modularization organic glass cylinder 6, rainmaking module 9 is fine-meshed sheet metal, pore lower end employing syringe needle structure.
as shown in Figure 1, seepage flow operating conditions described above system 2 comprises water filling bucket 18, the steel ladle 20 of the water that recovery test is discharged, water pump 27, water butt 19, wherein, water filling bucket 18 is by bucket, cooperage spigot 24 and draft tube 25 form, water filling bucket 18 can be the seepage through soil mass system water supply and provides decides the head condition, head value in the water delivering orifice control bucket of water filling bucket provides with the seepage flow that makes progress for downward seepage flow decides the head condition accurately, and the water filling bucket is Height Adjustable to change the head value, water filling bucket 18 can also utilize Ma Shi bottle principle for seepage flow upwards and downwards seepage flow the approximate head condition of deciding is provided, and utilize the error of the reading correction test of vacuum meter 37 on water filling bucket 18.Water filling bucket 18 is connected with water pump 27, top box 4 and end box 7 by pipeline; Described water pump 27 is connected with water butt 19; Steel ladle 20 is connected with end box 7 with water filling bucket 18 by pipeline; Be provided with the first standpipe 22-1 on pipeline between steel ladle 20 and end box 7, be provided with the second standpipe 22-2 on the pipeline between water filling bucket 18 and top box 5.As shown in Figure 1, require to connect each bucket and seepage through soil mass system with pipeline according to the seepage flow operating conditions.The water inlet of above-mentioned water pump 27 and water delivering orifice are equipped with filtrator 28, prevent soil particle blocking pipeline or water pump, and water pump 27 is by pipeline Bonding pressure operation valve 30 and the first tensimeter 36-1, and the first tensimeter 36-1 provides higher pressure head for downward seepage flow.Holding in above-mentioned water butt 19 has enough water, for seepage tests supply water.Above-mentioned steel ladle 20 is connected with box at the bottom of modularization 7, water filling bucket 18 by pipeline, is used for the water that collection system is discharged.
As shown in Figure 7, monitoring holes 32 on above-mentioned modularization organic glass cylinder 6 arranges according to the test demand, can carry out the monitoring of pressure, volumetric water content, matric suction, temperature and pH value etc., be provided with plug 16 in monitoring holes 32, coat silica gel between plug 16 and plug with holes 17 and barrel guaranteeing sealing both, monitoring holes 32 can arrange the hole of fetching earth, vent port, moisture meter hole, tensiometer hole and thermometer hole etc.; The monitoring equipments such as tensiometer 33 and moisture meter 34 are inserted in monitoring holes by plug 17 with holes is whole; Each monitoring holes is not that evenly setting on modularization machine glass infuser 6 walls is being arranged, but suitably encrypts or reduce at specific position according to testing requirements.The Contents for Monitoring of monitoring holes 32 is not limited to the measurement of matric suction, water percentage and temperature etc., can increase and change according to test objective.
As shown in Figure 1, above-mentioned automatic data acquisition system comprises tensiometer 33 monitoring equipments such as grade, video camera 38 and computer 39.Tensiometer 33 monitoring equipments such as grade are connected with computer 39 by cable with video camera 38, and measured data are directly preserved and are analyzed by computer 39.
The utility model seepage through soil mass system 1 and seepage flow operating conditions system 2 concrete connected modes are as follows:
the first water inlet 18-1 of water filling bucket 18 is equipped with the second valve 29-2, the first water inlet 18-1 of 18 is connected with water pump 27 outlets by the first pipeline 23-1, the water inlet of water pump 27 is connected with water butt 19, the first water delivering orifice 18-2 of water filling bucket 18 is equipped with the 3rd valve 29-3, the 3rd valve 29-3 is connected with the 7th valve 29-7 by the second pipeline 23-2, and the 7th valve 29-7 is connected with the water inlet 5-1 of modularization top box 5, the second water delivering orifice 18-3 of water filling bucket 18 is connected with the water delivering orifice 5-2 of modularization top box 5 by the 8th valve 29-8, and described water inlet 5-1 is positioned at the upper end of water delivering orifice 5-2, on the second water delivering orifice 18-3 of water filling bucket 18, the 9th valve 29-9 is installed, on pipeline between the 9th valve 29-9 and the 8th valve 29-8, also in parallel the connection has the 3rd pipeline 23-3, the outlet of the 3rd pipeline 23-3 is divided into two branch roads: the first branch road is connected with water butt 19 water inlets by the 12 valve 29-12, the second branch road is successively by the 11 valve 29-11, pressure control valve 30, the 18 valve 29-18 is connected with water pump 27 water delivering orifices and forms downward seepage flow water source, described pressure control valve 30 places are equipped with the first tensimeter 36-1, before the 18 valve 29-18 and water pump 27 outlets, the first valve 29-1 is installed also.
The bottom water delivering orifice of described water filling bucket 18 is equipped with the 4th pipeline 23-4 and the 13 valve 29-13, and the water delivering orifice of the 4th pipeline 23-4 is divided into two branch roads: a branch road is connected with the steel ladle 20 that recovery system is discharged water by the 14 valve 29-14; Another branch road is connected by the 20 valve 29-20 and box at the bottom of modularization 7, and at the bottom of modularization, box 7 bottoms are provided with the 21 valve 29-21, form upwards seepage flow water source, and the top of modularization organic glass cylinder 6 is connected with measuring cup 21 with the 19 valve 29-19 by the tenth valve 29-10.
Further, in order to make measurement data more accurate, be provided with the first standpipe 22-1 for the head value of test soil body bottom on the bottom of described water filling bucket 18 water delivering orifice 18-4 and pipeline that box at the bottom of modularization 7 is connected, the porch of the first standpipe 22-1 is provided with the 5th valve 29-5 and with being provided with the 15 valve 29-15 between vent port 31, the first standpipe 22-1 of the 4th valve 29-4 and the 13 valve 29-13; Be provided with the second standpipe 22-2 of soil body top head value when testing downward varying head seepage flow on the first water delivering orifice 18-2 of described water filling bucket 18 and pipeline 23-2 that the water inlet 5-1 of top box 5 is connected, the porch of described the first standpipe 22-1 is provided with the 16 valve 29-16 and with the vent port 31 of the 17 valve 29-17.
The utility model course of work:
The first step, the modularizing member such as box 7 at the bottom of processing mould blocking organic glass cylinder 6, anti-filter parts, rainmaking module 9, modularization top box 5, modularization as required.The height value of modularization organic glass cylinder is set to 20cm, and internal diameter is 10-20cm, and the required internal diameter of homogeneous soil can be less, and soil required internal diameter in crack should suitably increase.Rainmaking module 9 is fine-meshed sheet metal, pore lower end employing syringe needle structure.The anti-filter parts are comprised of woven wire and glass sand filter material, woven wire can be laid two to three layers, according to the experimental study real needs, position, number and the type of monitoring holes rationally are set, as the monitoring holes that contains around soil, alternating layers soil and the frozen soil of geosynthetics should be encrypted suitably.
Second step, carry out apparatus installation and main experimental step:
1, box at the bottom of installation module: the modularization poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 8 of box 7 bottoms at the bottom of placing mold blocking on worktable 4, then put successively rubber washer, woven wire and modularization organic glass cylinder 6 on poly (methyl methacrylate) plate 8.Worktable 4, plexiglass base plate and modularization organic glass cylinder are bolted, and rubber washer is placed to guarantee its sealing in the junction.
2, place bottom anti-filter parts: insert glass sand filter material 11 on the woven wire in box at the bottom of modularization 7, until rubber washer and woven wire 10 are put in box 7 tops at the bottom of modularization then.
3, installation module glass infuser: place organic glass infuser 6 on 7 poly (methyl methacrylate) plates of box at the bottom of modularization, at the bottom of modularization, box 7 is bolted with organic glass cylinder 6, and rubber washer is placed to guarantee its sealing in the junction.After completing the installation of a joint organic glass cylinder 6, carry out the sample preparation work of this section organic glass cylinder 6, then continue the installation of next joint organic glass cylinder 6.
4, sample preparation: at first with the monitoring holes 32 use plugs 16 of all modularization organic glass cylinders 6 beyond the Great Wall.According to soil body type, select suitable sample preparation hierarchy number, carry out sample preparation with compacting process.Lower mask body introduces that homogeneous soil, alternating layers soil, crack are native, frozen soil and contain the sample preparation work of the soil of geosynthetics.
A. homogeneous soil: configuration meets the homogeneous soil soil sample of water content requirement, require to determine the quality of sample according to dry density, then according to soil mass property and highly definite hierarchy number, be generally the 3-7 layer, insert the sample layering in the organic glass cylinder at last and hit real extremely predetermined dry density, the surface of contact of each layer soil is answered hacking.
B. alternating layers soil: the same homogeneous soil of the method for making sample of each layer soil, determine according to test objective the height of alternating layers soil first to carry out the sample preparation work of bottom soil layer, then carry out the sample preparation work of upper soil horizon.
C. the crack is native: in the process of sample preparation, according to the pre-buried crack that requires of test.The same homogeneous soil of the method for sample preparation, the crack that arranges in test comprise single crack, network of cracks and circular opening crack.Single and making network of cracks can be pressed into sheet metal in the soil body or pre-buried sheet is realizing crack soil sample preparation in sample making course, and vertical circular hole crack can be realized by pre-buried thin rod in the soil body.
D. frozen soil: at first according to the sample preparation of homogeneous soil method for making sample, the glass infuser 6 that then the homogeneous soil sample will be housed is put into refrigerating chamber, is connected with other modular glass cylinders 6 after its temperature is down to the testing requirements temperature.Pay special attention to must first install all parts of seepage flow operating conditions system before the glass infuser of frozen soil is installed, the organic glass cylinder that installs frozen soil will with insulation material wrap up this organic glass cylinder until on-test to avoid soil temperature variable effect Test And Research Work.If need carry out the research of frozen soil unfreezing can be installed moisture in freeze pipe research frozen-thaw process in the soil body variation.
E. the soil that contains geosynthetics: at first according to the method for making sample sample preparation of homogeneous soil, then be connected with rubber washer after coating silica gel at the geosynthetics edge, geosynthetics and rubber washer are placed between the modular glass cylinder, connect organic glass infuser sealing with bolt.
5, top anti-filter parts are installed: after completing the sample preparation work of last layer soil body, at the two-layer woven wire of soil sample upper ends, then insert the glass sand filter material until modularization organic glass cylinder 6 tops, then place rubber washer and be connected with next root module organic glass cylinder 6 with woven wire.
6, installation module top box: after the installment work of completing all modularization organic glass cylinders 6, placing mold blocking top box 5 on modularization organic glass cylinder 6, with bolt connection mode blocking top box 5 and modularization organic glass cylinder 6, rubber washer is placed to guarantee sealing both in the junction.
7, the parts that connect seepage flow operating conditions system: according to placement measuring cup 21 shown in Figure 1, water butt 19, water filling bucket 18, water pump 27 and steel ladle 20, and at water pump 27 water delivering orifices and water inlet, filtrator 28 is set.Then connect water filling bucket 18, water butt 19, steel ladle 20, water pump 27 and seepage through soil mass system according to diagram with pipeline, and standpipe 22-1 and standpipe 22-2 are set, setting pressure operation valve 30 and tensimeter 36-1.
8, monitoring equipment and automatic data acquisition system are installed: after completing the installation of seepage through soil mass system modular member, the monitoring equipments such as tensiometer 33, moisture meter 34, thermometer are inserted in monitoring holes by plug, coat silica gel sealing between plug 16 and glass infuser barrel.According to device height and position, video camera 38 is installed.Tensiometer 33, moisture meter 34 and video camera 38 are connected with computer 39 by cable, record by computer 39 all video recordings that matric suction that volumetric water content that in process of the test, moisture meter 34 records and tensiometer 33 record and video camera 38 are taken.
9, placement rainmaking module is installed: increase this step when the research rainfall infiltration, organic glass cylinder 6 at top box lower end increase by one root module, the rubber washer of placement up and down of rainmaking module 9 prevents from forming seepage channel in test, then place it in the organic glass cylinder of increase, connect this organic glass cylinder and top box 5 with bolt.
The head value at soil body top when 10, changing downward seepage flow as need, can suitably increase the quantity of organic glass cylinder 6 for 5 times to improve the height of modularization top box 5 at the modularization top box, also can change the height of water filling bucket 18, can also provide higher pressure head to top box by water butt 19 and pressure control valve 30.In process of the test, note to observe the reading of observation top box pressure gauge 36-2, will open the air vent valve door row and go out gas in the soil body after pressure reaches certain numerical value.Set test period according to research purpose, arrive and switch off the pump 27 and all valves after setting-up time, finish test.After off-test, with measured seepage flow, Seepage flow time, head value, matric suction and volumetric water content inverse infiltration coefficient and draw the infiltration coefficient curve and native water characteristic curve, and analyze the infiltration erosion effect of the soil body according to silt content according to the seepage flow governing equation.
The 3rd step, the seepage flow operating conditions:
The seepage flow operating conditions is divided into two large classes: seepage tests and upwards seepage tests downwards, wherein, downwards in the seepage tests process, the control of head can realize by four kinds of methods, is respectively that the top box water delivering orifice is controlled and decide head, water filling bucket water delivering orifice and provides and decide head, water filling bucket accurately and utilize Ma Shi bottle principle to provide to be similar to and decide head and water pump provides pressure head by pressure control valve.According to the method that the test head value requires and the accuracy requirement selection is suitable.
The deciding the head condition and can have two kinds of methods to realize of seepage flow upwards: a kind of is that the water filling bucket utilizes Ma Shi bottle principle that the approximate head of deciding is provided, and another water delivering orifice that is the water filling bucket by the bucket wall provides accurate head value.
The below introduces respectively the control flow of 6 kinds of seepage flow operating modes:
1), decide the head seepage tests downwards:
A. controlled by top box 5 water delivering orifices and decide head: at first open the first valve 29-1 and the 2nd 29-2, open water pump 27, fill with water for water filling bucket 18, the 27 and first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2 then switch off the pump.Open the 3rd valve 29-3 and the 7th valve 29-7 to top box 5 water fillings, after liquid level arrives top box 5 water delivering orifice positions, open that the 8th valve 29-8 and the 12 valve 29-12 begin to test and the water higher than the water delivering orifice position in top box 5 is discharged in steel ladle 20.Open the 21 valve 29-21, the water of flow event is entered in measuring cup 21.Observe the water yield in water filling bucket 18 in test, when the water surface during lower than water filling bucket 18 first water delivering orifice 18-1 height, open the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2 and open water pump 27 water filling in the water filling bucket.
B. control the head value by water filling bucket water delivering orifice: at first open the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2, open water pump 27, supply water to water filling bucket 18, when the water surface arrives water filling bucket 18 first water delivering orifice 18-2 position, open the 9th valve 29-9 and the 12 valve 29-12, the liquid level in water filling bucket 18 is remained unchanged.Then open the 3rd valve 29-3 and the 7th valve 29-7 begins seepage tests.Open the 21 valve 29-21, make the water in flow event enter measuring cup 21.
C. provide pressure head by water pump and pressure control valve: at first regulate pressure control valve 30 to required force value, then open the 18 valve 29-18, the 11 valve 29-11 and the 8th valve 29-8, open water pump 27, the beginning seepage tests, in process of the test, regulating pressure control valve according to the reading of pressure control valve 30 side the first tensimeter 36-1, to make the second pressure 36-2 meter reading on top box 5 be required pressure.Open the 21 valve 29-21, make the water in flow event enter measuring cup 21.
D. utilize the former reason water filling of Ma Shi bottle bucket that the approximate head of deciding is provided: open the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2, open water pump 27, fill with water to the water filling bucket, the 27 and first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2 then switch off the pump.Insert draft tube 25 in water filling bucket 18 cooperage spigots 24, adjust draft tube 25 height to the position of its water delivering orifice.Then open the 3rd valve 29-3 and the 7th valve 29-7 begins seepage tests.Open the 21 valve 29-21, make the water in flow event enter measuring cup 21.
2) upwards decide the head seepage tests:
A. controlled by water filling bucket water delivering orifice and decide head: open the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2, open water pump 27, supply water to water filling bucket 18, when liquid level arrives water filling bucket 18 first water delivering orifice 18-2 position, open the 9th valve 29-9 and the 12 valve 29-12, the liquid level in water filling bucket 18 is remained unchanged.Open the 13 valve 29-13, the 15 valve 29-15 and the 20 valve 29-20, the beginning seepage tests.Open the tenth valve 29-10 and the 19 valve 29-19, make the water in flow event enter measuring cup 21.
B. utilize the former reason water filling of Ma Shi bottle bucket that the approximate head of deciding is provided: opening the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2, open water pump 27, is that the water filling bucket is annotated 18 full waters, then switches off the pump 27 and valve the one 29-1 and the second valve 29-2.Insert draft tube 25 in water filling bucket 18 cooperage spigots 24, adjust its height to bucket end water delivering orifice.Then open the 13 valve 29-13, the 15 valve 29-15 and the 20 valve 29-20 and begin seepage tests.Open the tenth valve 29-10 and the 19 valve 29-19, make the water in flow event enter measuring cup 21.
3, downward varying head seepage tests: at first open the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2, open water pump 27, fill with water to water filling bucket 18, the 27 and first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2 then switch off the pump.Open the 3rd valve 29-3, the 7th valve 29-7, fill with water to top box 5, open the 5th valve 29-5 on the second standpipe 22-2, measure initial head value with the second standpipe 22-2, then open the 21 valve 29-21, make the water in flow event enter measuring cup 21.
4, varying head seepage tests upwards: at first the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2, open water pump 27, fill with water to water filling bucket 18, the 27 and first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2 then switch off the pump.Open the 16 valve 29-16 on the 13 valve 29-13, the 15 valve 29-15 and the first standpipe 22-1, measure initial head value, then open the 20 valve 29-20, the beginning seepage tests, open the tenth valve 29-10 and the 19 valve 29-19, make the water in flow event enter measuring cup 21.
5, rainfall infiltration test: at first carry out the correction test of pressure-raininess, determine the relation curve of pressure and raininess.Then open the 18 valve 29-18, the 11 valve 29-11, the 8th valve 29-8, open water pump 27, be injected with setting-out to modularization top box 5, institute's applied pressure amplitude is decided according to the test demand, open the 21 valve 29-21, the water of flow event is entered in measuring cup 21.In process of the test, regulating pressure control valve 30 according to the reading of pressure control valve 30 side tensimeter 36-1, to make the second tensimeter 36-2 pressure gauge reading on modularization top box 5 be required pressure.
6, earth pillar water absorption test: regulate water filling bucket 18 highly to requiring height, open the first valve 29-1 and the second valve 29-2, open water pump 27, to 18 water fillings of water filling bucket, when liquid level reaches water filling bucket 18 second water outlet 18-3 mouth position, open the 9th valve 29-9 and the 12 valve 29-12 to control liquid level in the position of water filling bucket 18 water delivering orifices.Open the 13 valve 29-13, the 15 valve 29-15 and the 20 valve 29-20, the water absorption test of beginning earth pillar.
Compared to the prior art the utility model has the following advantages:
1, the soil of applicable multiple character.Modular member can satisfy homogeneous soil, crack soil, refuse soil, frozen soil, alternating layers soil, contain the seepage tests of soil of the multiple character such as the soil body of geosynthetics, and plant factor is high, and testing equipment has the characteristics such as diversity and economy.
2, the control of seepage flow operating mode is various.Seepage flow operating conditions system can provide upwards seepage flow, downwards seepage flow, decide head seepage flow, varying head seepage flow, earth pillar absorbs water and the different working conditions such as rainfall infiltration, and the simple refit through pipeline can change the seepage flow operating mode, therefore be conducive to study the Penetration Signature of the analog structure soil body under different seepage flow operating modes, cause soil structures to change infiltrative impact to avoid sample preparation again.In addition, a kind of seepage flow operating mode can be passed through accomplished in many ways, the dirigibility that has increased test operation.
3, the test instrument easy installation and removal and have the height extensibility.Separate and the moderate dimensions of modularizing member facilitates the installing/dismounting in process of the test.In addition, freely selecting and being arranged so that test instrument has the extensibility of height of modularizing member can be according to test objective and the seepage flow operating mode that requires Simulation of Complex.Loaded filter to be set as example, the infiltration erosion effect of the replaceable loaded filter research soil body and the working effect of evaluation loaded filter.
4, facilitate sample preparation.Modularization organic glass cylinder size is moderate, not only facilitates sample preparation, and during tamping in layers, and accurately the test initial key such as the moisture content and dry density of Control Assay is controlled parameter, more is conducive to the sample preparation work of crack soil, frozen soil and alternating layers soil.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model; be not that the utility model is done any restriction; every according to the utility model technical spirit to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, change and equivalent structure transformation, all should still belong in the protection domain of technical solutions of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. a modularization soil body penetration test instrument, is characterized in that: comprise seepage through soil mass system (1), seepage flow operating conditions system (2) and data acquisition system (DAS) (3);
Described seepage through soil mass system (1) comprises box (7) at the bottom of worktable (4), modularization, modularization organic glass cylinder (6), modularization top box (5) and anti-filter parts, be fixed with box (7) at the bottom of the modularization of placing the anti-filter parts on worktable (4), box at the bottom of modularization (7) upper ends modularization organic glass cylinder (6), box at the bottom of modularization (7) exit, lower end is connected with measuring cup (21) by pipeline, and box at the bottom of modularization is placed with the anti-filter parts in (7); The top installation module top box (5) of described modularization organic glass cylinder (6), the monitoring holes (32) of soil sampling when offering the monitoring of carrying out matric suction, water percentage and temperature or test on the barrel of modularization organic glass cylinder (6), the top of modularization top box (5) is equipped with the second tensimeter (36-2);
Described seepage flow operating conditions system (2) is connected with seepage through soil mass system (1) by pipeline, for seepage through soil mass system (1) provides water source and head condition;
Described data acquisition system (DAS) (3) comprises monitoring device, computer (39) and the video camera (38) that inserts in monitoring holes (32), described monitoring device is connected with computer (39) by cable, is connected with the video camera (38) that records the soil body moistening peak development and change for shooting on computer.
2. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: place geosynthetics (12) between described modularization organic glass cylinder (6), insert alternating layers soil in modularization organic glass cylinder (6), place geosynthetics (12) between alternating layers soil.
3. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described anti-filter parts comprise glass sand filter material (11), the top and bottom of glass sand filter material (11) are provided with woven wire; The anti-filter parts of upper end are positioned in modularization organic glass cylinder (6).
4. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be placed with the required rainmaking module (9) of rainfall infiltration examination in the modularization organic glass cylinder (6) of described modularization top box (5) lower end, rainmaking module (9) is fine-meshed sheet metal, pore lower end employing syringe needle structure.
5. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described monitoring device comprises one or more in tensiometer (33), moisture meter (34) or thermometer.
6. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measuring cup (21) rim of a cup is wrapped with one deck evaporation control film (26).
7. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described seepage flow operating conditions system (2) comprises steel ladle (20), water pump (27), the water butt (19) of the water that water filling bucket (18), recovery test are discharged, wherein, water filling bucket (18) is comprised of bucket, cooperage spigot (24) and draft tube (25), and water filling bucket (18) is connected with water pump (27), top box (4) and end box (7) by pipeline; Described water pump (27) is connected with water butt (19); Steel ladle (20) is connected with end box (7) with water filling bucket (18) by pipeline; Be provided with the first standpipe (22-1) on pipeline between steel ladle (20) and end box (7), be provided with the second standpipe (22-2) on the pipeline between water filling bucket (18) and top box (5).
8. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: be provided with pressure control valve (30) on the pipeline between described water pump (27) and top box (5), pressure control valve (30) locates to be equipped with the first tensimeter (36-1).
9. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 7, is characterized in that: vacuum meter (37) is installed on described water filling bucket (18).
10. modularization soil body penetration test instrument according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the water inlet of described water pump (27) and water delivering orifice are connected with filtrator (28).
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Cited By (11)
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| CN103308438A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-18 | 长安大学 | Modular soil body permeability tester |
| CN105911257A (en) * | 2016-06-25 | 2016-08-31 | 西安科技大学 | Multi-state undisturbed soil column infiltration simulation system and unsaturated osmotic coefficient determination method |
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| CN103308438B (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2016-06-29 | 长安大学 | Modular soil body permeability tester |
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| CN112432885A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-03-02 | 西安理工大学 | Device for measuring seepage rate of saturated soil body and model selection method |
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