CN203274962U - Thermometer indexing device - Google Patents

Thermometer indexing device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN203274962U
CN203274962U CN 201320178417 CN201320178417U CN203274962U CN 203274962 U CN203274962 U CN 203274962U CN 201320178417 CN201320178417 CN 201320178417 CN 201320178417 U CN201320178417 U CN 201320178417U CN 203274962 U CN203274962 U CN 203274962U
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
thermometer
copper billet
temperature
cold head
dividing apparatus
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CN 201320178417
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Chinese (zh)
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高波
林鹏
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

The utility model relates to a thermometer dividing device, which comprises a measuring chamber, wherein the measuring chamber is used for providing measuring space for a thermometer to be measured and a standard thermometer; a refrigerator that provides cold energy to the measurement chamber; the refrigerator is connected with accuse temperature copper billet through at least one cold head, accuse temperature copper billet realizes thermal balance with comparing the copper billet set up standard thermometer and at least one thermometer that awaits measuring on comparing the copper billet. The operation of the refrigerator in the utility model only needs water and electricity maintenance, and the operation cost is lower; when the experiment is started, the time of the cooling process of the refrigerator is short, precooling is not needed, and after the experiment is finished, return air compression is not needed, so that the time cost is low; the temperature of the cold head of the refrigerator is easy to adjust, a smaller temperature difference can be kept between the cold head and the temperature-controlled copper block compared with the temperature-controlled copper block, and the temperature control process is easy; the device has compact structure, is easy to move, and can carry out low-temperature calibration experiments at any time and anywhere; automatic control is easy to realize, the night cooling can be fully utilized, the working efficiency is improved, and the device has obvious advantages.

Description

A kind of thermometer dividing apparatus
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of thermometer dividing apparatus, especially relates to a kind of refrigeration machine that adopts as the microthermometer dividing apparatus of low-temperature receiver.
Background technology
At present, the microthermometer calibration of 4K-273K warm area is measured the general relative method that adopts.According to the zeroth law of thermodynamics: if each of two heating power systems is in thermal equilibrium with the 3rd heating power system, they also are in thermal equilibrium each other.Standard thermometer and tested thermometer are put into a homogeneous temperature field, as compare in copper billet, make standard thermometer and tested thermometer simultaneously respectively and compare and set up thermal equilibrium between copper billet, by the temperature-resistance Relationship Comparison of tested thermometer and standard thermometer, realize the calibration to tested thermometer.
As shown in Figure 1, traditional thermometer dividing apparatus mainly is comprised of cooled cryostat 101, cryostat 103 and data acquisition system (DAS) three parts.Liquid helium 102 in cooled cryostat 101 provides cold as low-temperature receiver for whole device; Cryostat 103 is evacuated to high vacuum state by the vacuum lead measuring chamber that it is inner, the adverse effect that reduces that residual gas in vacuum chamber conducts heat and bring to comparison copper billet temperature homogeneity, then come control ratio to the temperature of copper billet by the well heater of controlling cryostat 103, realize the Set arbitrarily temperature spot of 4K~273K warm area, the high vacuum working environment of controllable temperature is provided for tested thermometer and standard thermometer; When comparison copper billet temperature reaches design temperature, the data acquisition system (DAS) of robotization of being connected with fairlead collects each tested thermometer and standard thermometer in the related data of design temperature point, after data after collection are processed, obtain the corresponding relation of tested thermometer temperature and resistance, thereby realized the calibration to tested thermometer.
Top traditional thermometer dividing apparatus is in the 4K-273K scope in the calibration measurements to thermometer, must adopt liquid helium as low-temperature receiver, the liquid helium that each experiment consumes reaches more than 20 liters, yet China is the very deficient country of helium resource, serious dependence on import, and since two thousand six, because the U.S. is decided to be strategic materials with helium, and the export volume of restriction liquid helium, cause the price of liquid helium by original 60~80 yuan/liter, increase to present more than 240 yuan/liter.Even if the liquid helium price is so expensive, the supply of liquid helium neither be easy to ensure.In the normal situation of liquid helium supply, generally also to wait for the turnover of liquid helium storage tank; In case liquid helium is in short supply, the situation of low temperature test can appear can't carrying out because of the reason of liquid helium supply often on time.When carrying out the measurement of microthermometer calibration take liquid helium as low-temperature receiver, in order to save liquid helium, usually will first use liquid nitrogen to carry out precooling, pre-cool time is 10-12h; After precooling, then with high pressure nitrogen, the liquid nitrogen in Dewar is pressed into storage tank, about whole process need 1h; Then, further Dewar is evacuated to high vacuum state, with not residual nitrogen in the Dewar flask that guarantees to be down to liquid nitrogen temperature; Next again be filled with the helium precooling; Just being filled with at last liquid helium tests.The parameter such as hot physical property is different from measuring, and the characteristics that accurate thermometer calibration is measured are once to realize simultaneously the thermometer calibration of tens times, and measures and count morely, is generally the 50-100 point.Therefore, usually can reach more than 24 hours measuring period, and test period is longer.In order to save liquid helium, common several classes of experiment operator is switched continuously and is tested.Experiment also will be passed through return-air, compression after finishing, and helium is reclaimed.In the temperature control process: for the low-temperature space temperature control, along with causing the liquid helium face, the evaporation of liquid helium descends, also to carry out Real-Time Monitoring to the liquid helium face, when the liquid helium face is reduced to certain altitude, in thermostat, the temperature of comparison copper billet can be gone up to some extent, usually need to replenish liquid helium and reduce temperature, temperature control is difficulty relatively; For 150K to 300K warm area, because the temperature of low-temperature receiver is fixed (liquid helium is 4.2K), the temperature difference between comparison copper billet and low-temperature receiver is larger, make a comparison copper billet temperature stable necessary heating power that strengthens, and temperature control is difficulty too.In addition, due to the restriction of low-temperature receiver, the liquid helium in Dewar is to transmit by fluid reservoir usually.Be that Dewar or liquid helium tank volume are all very huge, be not suitable for mobile operating.Therefore, the microthermometer calibration take liquid helium as low-temperature receiver is measured time-consuming, effort, temperature control difficulty and is depended critically upon the low-temperature receiver supply.
The utility model content
This patent is intended to solve the problems such as liquid helium shortage that traditional microthermometer dividing apparatus faces, complicated operation, temperature control difficulty.A kind of simple to operate, test period is short, operating cost is lower precision low-temp temperature dividing apparatus take refrigeration machine as low-temperature receiver is provided.
The utility model provides a kind of thermometer dividing apparatus, and this device comprises measuring chamber, and described measuring chamber is used for providing the measurement space of thermometer to be measured and standard thermometer; Refrigeration machine, it provides cold for described measuring chamber; Described refrigeration machine is connected with the temperature control copper billet by at least one cold head, described cold head and temperature control copper billet, compares copper billet and realizes thermal equilibrium, and standard thermometer and at least one thermometer to be measured are set on described comparison copper billet.
Wherein, comprise one-level protective shield of radiation, secondary protective shield of radiation and three grades of protective shield of radiations in described measuring chamber.
Wherein, described refrigeration machine comprises one-level cold head and secondary cold head, and wherein, described one-level cold head is connected with three grades of radiation shields, and the secondary cold head is connected with the temperature control copper billet.
Wherein, described secondary cold head is connected with the temperature control copper billet, and the lower end of described temperature control copper billet is connected with the secondary protective shield of radiation.
Wherein, be provided with heater strip or heating film on described temperature control copper billet, described heater strip or heating film are realized the temperature of comparison copper billet is adjusted.
Wherein, be provided with the control temperature meter on described temperature control copper billet, be provided with the control temperature meter on described comparison copper billet.
Wherein, described temperature control copper billet is connected with support bar, is connected with one-level protective shield of radiation and comparison copper billet below described support bar.
Wherein, described refrigeration machine is selected from the less pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibrations, GM refrigeration machine or sterlin refrigerator.
Wherein, described measuring chamber comprises containment vessel and the vacuum (-tight) housing of refrigeration machine, and described containment vessel is connected with vacuum (-tight) housing and builds airtight measuring chamber, and it provides the measurement environment of vacuum insulation for thermometer.
Wherein, vacuum interface and lead-in wire interface are set on the containment vessel of refrigeration machine.
The operation of refrigeration machine only needs water power to keep in the utility model, and operating cost is lower; During the experiment beginning, the temperature-fall period time of refrigeration machine is short, does not need precooling, after experiment finishes, does not need the return-air compression, and time cost is low; The cold head temperature of refrigeration machine is easy to regulate, can with compare copper billet and keep the less temperature difference, the temperature control process is easy; Take refrigeration machine as low-temperature receiver, can break away from dependence and supply restriction to liquid helium, the compact conformation of this device is easy to move, and can carry out the low temperature calibration experiment at any time, everywhere; Easily realize automatically controlling, can take full advantage of night cooling, improved work efficiency, have obvious advantage.
Description of drawings
The thermometer dividing apparatus structural representation that Fig. 1 is traditional;
Fig. 2 microthermometer dividing apparatus of the present utility model structural representation.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the utility model, the below describes embodiment of the present utility model, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that following explanation just for the ease of utility model is made an explanation, and not as the concrete restriction to its scope.
Fig. 2 is the microthermometer dividing apparatus structural representation that refrigeration machine of the present utility model is done low-temperature receiver.As shown in Figure 2, temperature dividing apparatus of the present utility model mainly comprises: refrigeration machine 1, vacuum (-tight) housing 2, temperature control copper billet 3, support bar 4, control temperature meter 5, comparison copper billet 6, one-level protective shield of radiation 7, secondary protective shield of radiation 8, three grades of protective shield of radiations 9, vacuum interface 10, lead-in wire interface 11, standard thermometer 12, thermometer to be measured 13, one-level cold head 14, secondary cold head 15, containment vessel 16, through wires hole 17, interior screen 18.
Refrigeration machine 1 of the present utility model comprises one-level cold head 14 and secondary cold head 15, it freezes by one-level cold head 14 and secondary cold head 15, described one-level cold head 14 is connected with three grades of radiation shields 9, secondary cold head 15 is connected with temperature control copper billet 3, and the lower end of described temperature control copper billet 3 is connected with secondary protective shield of radiation 8.Wherein, described three grades of protective shield of radiations 9 utilize the cold of one-level cold head 14 to make its maintenance low temperature, and the secondary protective shield of radiation 8 and the radiation heat transfer between vacuum (-tight) housing 2 that are connected with the secondary cold head 15 that reduces and temperature is lower lose.The preferred less pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibrations that adopts of described refrigeration machine 1, also but the device of other good refrigeration effect freezes certainly, if use the larger refrigeration machine of other type vibrations, should install damping part (not shown) additional between described secondary cold head 15 and described temperature control copper billet 3, this damping part can be applicable to vibration-absorptive material or the damping part of low temperature environment for spring, silica gel or other; In addition, as further arranging, in order to reduce vibrations, under the prerequisite that does not affect refrigeration, vibration-absorptive material or the damping part that is applicable to low temperature environment can be set between one-level cold head 14 and secondary cold head 15.
In addition, measure for the thermometer calibration of precision or standard form, described refrigeration machine adopts the less pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibrations; Calibration for the less demanding technical grade thermometer of measuring accuracy is measured, and described refrigeration machine also can adopt GM refrigeration machine, sterlin refrigerator.
Place, centre position, lower end at described temperature control copper billet 3 is connected with support bar 4, and preferred support bar 4 adopts screw thread to link with temperature control copper billet 3, certainly, also can realize connecting by various ways such as welding, be clasped.Be connected with one-level protective shield of radiation 7 and comparison copper billet 6 below described support bar 4, wherein, one-level protective shield of radiation 7 combines with comparing copper billet 6, to reduce the radiation heat transfer loss between comparison copper billet 6 and secondary protective shield of radiation 8, keeps the test temperature field of comparison copper billet 6 to stablize.The temperature of secondary cold head 15 can be regulated by the power input of refrigeration machine 1, and adjustment process can be controlled automatically.Can be provided with heater strip or heating film and control temperature meter on temperature control copper billet 3, because the temperature difference between secondary cold head 15 and temperature control copper billet 3 is less, can can control the temperature of temperature control copper billet 3 by the heating power of adjusting heater strip or heating film, and then realize the adjustment to the temperature of comparison copper billet 6.
Described support bar 4 and compare between copper billet 6 and can be bolted, realize disassembled and assembled freely, described support bar 4 can adopt stainless steel material to make, preferably be provided with interior screen 18 on support bar 4, described interior screen 18 adopts high-purity copper to make, can effectively reduce support bar 5 and compare micro-radiation heat transfer between copper billet 6 by screen 18 in this, help to improve comparison copper billet 6 temperature stable, the assurance precision measurement.
in addition, also can be provided with the temperature-controlling component that is connected with temperature control copper billet 3 by support bar 4 below comparison copper billet 6, described temperature-controlling component is positioned at the lower end of support bar 4, can be in conjunction with heater strip or heating film on temperature-controlling component, described heater strip or heating film are adjusted the temperature of temperature-controlling component, temperature-controlling component and temperature control copper billet 3 are controlled temperature at the two ends, up and down, temperature-controlling component also can be connected with control temperature meter 5, described control temperature meter 5 is used for measuring the temperature of comparison copper billet 6, preferably, control temperature meter 5 is thermopair, thermistor, the temperature elements such as thermal resistance, it is positioned at the lower end of comparison copper billet 6, with compare copper billet 6 close contacts, the Measurement accuracy of realization to the copper billet temperature, certainly, described control temperature meter 5 also can be used for be measured the temperature of temperature-controlling component that temperature control copper billet 3 maybe can be positioned at the lower end of support bar 4.Described comparison copper billet 6 can either provide stable temperature for standard thermometer 12 and thermometer to be measured 13, again the specimen holder of resettlement standard thermometer 12 and thermometer to be measured 13 simultaneously, in order to guarantee to compare the homogeneity of warm of copper billet 6, guarantee the accuracy of measurement, the preferred high-purity copper material that adopts of described comparison copper billet 6 is made, and its purity is more than 99.99%.Comparison copper billet 6 is generally laid a standard thermometer 12 and tens thermometers 13 to be measured.Comparison copper billet 6 can require according to the dimensions of difference thermometer to be checked to be processed into the sample well of different shapes, quantity with the carrying sample.
As shown in Figure 2; vacuum interface 10 and lead-in wire interface 11 are arranged on the containment vessel 16 of refrigeration machine 1; wherein vacuum interface 10 can be connected with molecular pump by clip; lead-in wire interface 11 can be connected with data acquisition system (DAS); the lead-in wire of standard thermometer 12 and thermometer to be measured 13 is drawn by the hole of one-level protective shield of radiation 7, secondary protective shield of radiation 8, three grades of protective shield of radiations 9, is provided with through wires hole 17 to pass lead-in wire as temperature control copper billet 3.Wherein, control temperature meter 5, standard thermometer 12, thermometer to be measured 13 and heater strip lead-in wire all lead to lead-in wire interface 11 by through wires hole step by step.In the utility model vacuum interface 10 and 11 designs of the lead-in wire interface dismounting again to vacuum system and data acquisition system (DAS) in having avoided changing thermometer process to be measured on containment vessel 16.
When work, described refrigeration machine 1 is treated testing temperature for vacuum chamber to be measured provides cold that its inner comparison copper billet 6 is down to, for standard thermometer 12 and thermometer to be measured 13 provide stable low temperature temperature, containment vessel 16 is connected with vacuum (-tight) housing 2 and jointly builds airtight measuring chamber, and it provides the measurement environment of vacuum insulation for thermometer; Data acquisition system (DAS) (not shown), the automated data acquisition system that is connected by lead-in wire interface 11 obtain the corresponding relation of tested thermometer temperature and resistance, the calibration of realization to tested thermometer by collection, the processing of data.
The utility model is the microthermometer dividing apparatus take refrigeration machine as low-temperature receiver, adopt the coupling of refrigeration machine and vacuum chamber, mechanism freezes to the temperature control copper billet by multi-stage refrigerating, conduct the control that realizes the temperature of comparison copper billet by heat, rely on heater strip or heating film to the adjustment of the comparison copper billet temperature in the 4K-273K warm area, for thermometer to be measured and standard thermometer provide uniform temperature field, thereby realize calibration to tested thermometer.
As another variation of the present utility model, the cold head of described refrigeration machine is positioned at the below of thermometer dividing apparatus, rather than be positioned at the top of thermometer dividing apparatus as cold head in Fig. 2, wherein, the temperature control copper billet still is connected with cold head, the comparison copper billet can be positioned at by the mode that supports or hang the top of temperature control copper billet, and in to thermometer calibration process, realizes thermal equilibrium between described cold head, temperature control copper billet, comparison copper billet.
The operation of refrigeration machine only needs water power to keep in the utility model, and operating cost is lower; During the experiment beginning, the temperature-fall period time of refrigeration machine is short, does not need precooling, after experiment finishes, does not need the return-air compression, and time cost is low; The cold head temperature of refrigeration machine is easy to regulate, can be with the temperature control copper billet, compare copper billet and keep the less temperature difference, and the temperature control process is easy; Take refrigeration machine as low-temperature receiver, can break away from dependence and supply restriction to liquid helium, the compact conformation of this device is easy to move, and can carry out the low temperature calibration experiment at any time, everywhere; Easily realize automatically controlling, can take full advantage of night cooling, improved work efficiency, have obvious advantage.
Description by specific embodiment and the course of work; can conveniently understand the utility model and implement; but those skilled in the art should understand that; the specific embodiments of enumerating in this instructions or embodiment; only in order to understand technology contents of the present utility model; in the situation that do not deviate from purport of the present utility model and scope; the utility model can carry out multiple change in the form and details; and the details of carrying out to a certain extent and pro forma variation, within it still will drop on the utility model claimed and scope of disclosure.

Claims (10)

1. thermometer dividing apparatus, this device comprises measuring chamber, described measuring chamber is used for providing the measurement space of thermometer to be measured and standard thermometer; Refrigeration machine, it provides cold for described measuring chamber; It is characterized in that: described refrigeration machine is connected with the temperature control copper billet by at least one cold head, described cold head and temperature control copper billet, compares and realizes thermal equilibrium between copper billet, and standard thermometer and at least one thermometer to be measured are set on described comparison copper billet.
2. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise one-level protective shield of radiation, secondary protective shield of radiation and three grades of protective shield of radiations in described measuring chamber.
3. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described refrigeration machine comprises one-level cold head and secondary cold head, and wherein, described one-level cold head is connected with three grades of radiation shields, and the secondary cold head is connected with the temperature control copper billet.
4. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described secondary cold head is connected with the temperature control copper billet, and the lower end of described temperature control copper billet is connected with the secondary protective shield of radiation.
5. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with heater strip or heating film on described temperature control copper billet, described heater strip or heating film are realized the temperature of comparison copper billet is adjusted.
6. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: be provided with the control temperature meter on described comparison copper billet.
7. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described temperature control copper billet is connected with support bar, is connected with one-level protective shield of radiation and comparison copper billet below described support bar.
8. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described refrigeration machine is selected from the less pulse tube refrigerating machine of vibrations, GM refrigeration machine or sterlin refrigerator.
9. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described measuring chamber comprises containment vessel and the vacuum (-tight) housing of refrigeration machine, and described containment vessel is connected with vacuum (-tight) housing and builds airtight measuring chamber, and it provides the measurement environment of vacuum insulation for thermometer.
10. thermometer dividing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: vacuum interface and lead-in wire interface are set on the containment vessel of refrigeration machine.
CN 201320178417 2013-04-10 2013-04-10 Thermometer indexing device Expired - Lifetime CN203274962U (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103245434A (en) * 2013-04-10 2013-08-14 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Thermometer indexing device
CN105758527A (en) * 2016-04-15 2016-07-13 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 Liquid-helium-free spectroscopy thermostat black-body radiation light source sample room
CN106325063A (en) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-11 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Method and device for quickly cooling
CN109238514A (en) * 2018-09-03 2019-01-18 浙江大学 The low temperature thermocouple caliberating device of one kind 77 ~ 90K warm area

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103245434A (en) * 2013-04-10 2013-08-14 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Thermometer indexing device
CN105758527A (en) * 2016-04-15 2016-07-13 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 Liquid-helium-free spectroscopy thermostat black-body radiation light source sample room
CN105758527B (en) * 2016-04-15 2019-09-27 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 A kind of aneroid helium spectrometer thermostat black body radiation light source sample room
CN106325063A (en) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-11 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Method and device for quickly cooling
CN109238514A (en) * 2018-09-03 2019-01-18 浙江大学 The low temperature thermocouple caliberating device of one kind 77 ~ 90K warm area
CN109238514B (en) * 2018-09-03 2019-07-09 浙江大学 A kind of low temperature thermocouple caliberating device of 77~90K warm area

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