CN202998909U - Paddy field system for preventing and detecting nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution - Google Patents
Paddy field system for preventing and detecting nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN202998909U CN202998909U CN 201220615251 CN201220615251U CN202998909U CN 202998909 U CN202998909 U CN 202998909U CN 201220615251 CN201220615251 CN 201220615251 CN 201220615251 U CN201220615251 U CN 201220615251U CN 202998909 U CN202998909 U CN 202998909U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a paddy field system for preventing and detecting nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution. The paddy field system comprises a paddy field, ridges, a canal, water inlets, water outlets, a total water inlet, a total water outlet, a water inlet valve, a water outlet valve, a feeding device and a detecting device, wherein the paddy field comprises a surface layer and a base fertilizer layer. Compared with the common paddy field, the system has the advantages of being simple and practicable, reducing fertilizer application, reducing the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution of the paddy field and the like.
Description
Technical field
The novel controlling farmland non-point pollution technical field that relates to of this use is specifically related to a kind of paddy system that nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollutes that prevents and detect.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the topmost cereal crops of south China, and one of main source of rice field nitrogen, P elements is artificially applying fertilizer.Exist in the Rice Cropping process partially to fertilize always and be the excessive problem of using chemical fertilizer of devoting exclusive attention to output, but the chemical fertilizer utilization ratio that in fact applies is not high, general utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer only has 30%～40%, and phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency also only has 8%～20%.Quite a few nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer that applies the rice field is to accumulate in field water with solute form or particle shape, is easy to migrate to surface drainage with field drainage or rainfall runoff, causes water pollution.This polluting effect is even much larger than the production benefit of crop.Therefore, rice field nitrogen, phosphorus loss can not be ignored the harm of water environment.At present nitrogen, the phosphate fertilizer used the time of infertility of south rice generally is chemical fertilizer, the base manure of using before rice transplanting carbonic hydroammonium commonly used and superphosphate etc., the urea commonly used etc. that topdresses of using in tillering stage and booting stage.Amount of application often annual production in the past is reference, decides by rule of thumb, often for guaranteeing to obtain the high yield excessive fertilization.These fertilising customs must cause farmland nitrogen, phosphorus nutrient imbalance, and nitrogen, P elements accumulate in the farmland, for rice field nitrogen, phosphorus loss provide material base.Therefore, the key factor of rice field nitrogen and phosphorus loss is partially to fertilize and excessive fertilization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above problem, the utility model provides a kind of and prevents and detect the paddy system that nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollutes, and this system not only can reduce nitrogen, P elements Loss in Runoff pollution risk, and can also pollute nitrogen and phosphorus loss and detect.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of paddy system that prevents and detect the nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution comprises rice field 1, ridge 2, water channel 3, water inlet 4, delivery port 5, total water inlet 6, total delivery port 13, water intaking valve 7, outlet valve 11, charging device 8 and checkout gear 12, described rice field 1 comprises, top layer 10 and and base manure layer 9, ridge 2 is around the rice field 1, water channel 3 is around ridge 2, water inlet 4 and delivery port 5 are positioned at ridge 2 times, and water intaking valve 7 is positioned on total water inlet 6, and outlet valve 11 is positioned on total delivery port 13.
Dark 10～20 centimetres of described base manure layer 9.
Described ridge exceeds 5～10 centimetres, rice field.
The utility model compare with common rice field have simple, reduce Term Fertilization, reduce rice field nitrogen, advantages such as risk that P elements runs off and pollutes
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 paddy system plan structure schematic diagram
Fig. 2 paddy system sectional structure schematic diagram
Embodiment
With concrete Demonstration Application explanation the technology of the present invention.The demonstration area is positioned at Xia Zhai village, Dongyuan County, Heyuan City, Guangdong Province, approximately 100 mu of Demonstration Application areas.The demonstration area belongs to the south subtropics monsoon climate, and paddy rice was with 1 year two Ji Weizhu, and part is 1 year season.Peasant household continues to use the pattern of empiric fertilization always, average per season rice application nitrogenous fertilizer (pure amount) 232.7kg/ hm
2, phosphate fertilizer (pure amount) 45.0kg/ hm
2Nitrogenous fertilizer respectively accounts for 50% at base manure with topdressing, and topdresses and uses at rice tillering initial stage and Sheng phase respectively; Phosphate fertilizer is disposable to be used as base manure.Fertilising is all adopted and is spread fertilizer over the fields mode, and between field, string water phenomenon is more general, meets rainfall or the normal chance of occurrence of rice bay footpath flow phenomenon, and fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus are easy to run off with runoff.Paddy average yield in former years is 6750kg/ hm
2
Embodiment 1
Demonstration Application is carried out in early rice in 2011.The fertilizer that adopts is conventional commercial fertilizer.Concrete implementation step and method are as follows:
(1) determine that the paddy rice target output is 7087.5～7425.0kg/hm
2Establish small plot experiment before Demonstration Application, determine under the condition of applying organic manure, nitrogen, the more local conventional amount of application of phosphate fertilizer amount reduce respectively 31% and 37% and are best nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer amount, and namely the nitrogen of present technique, phosphorus amount of application (pure amount) are respectively 160.8kg/hm
2And 28.4kg/hm
2
(2) finishing rice field ridge before the fertilising, build paddy system as shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprise rice field 1, ridge 2, water channel 3, water inlet 4, delivery port 5, also comprise total water inlet 6, total delivery port 13, water intaking valve 7, outlet valve 11, charging device 8 and checkout gear 12, described rice field 1 comprises, top layer 10 and base manure layer 9, ridge 2 is around the rice field 1, and water channel 3 is around ridge 2, and water inlet 4 and delivery port 5 are positioned at ridge 2 times, water intaking valve 7 is positioned on total water inlet 6, and outlet valve 11 is positioned on total delivery port 13.Dark 10～20 centimetres of described base manure layer 9.Described ridge 2 exceeds 5～10 centimetres, top layer, rice field.
(3) use base manure at rice field base manure layer 9 before rice transplanting.The base manure amount of application is nitrogenous fertilizer (pure amount) 80.4kg/ hm
2, phosphate fertilizer (pure amount) 28.4kg/ hm
2, fertilizer 1162.5kg/ hm
2Wherein nitrogenous fertilizer carbonic hydroammonium, contain N17.1%; Phosphate fertilizer superphosphate contains P
2O
512%; The fertilizer refined organic fertilizer, the content of organic matter 〉=4%, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content 〉=4%.Use when ploughing rake in the rice field after fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer mixing, fertilizer is ploughed deeply in soil layer.
(4) at rice tillering initial stage, the Sheng of tillering phase and booting stage difference Nitrogen Top Dressing (pure amount) 46.5kg/ hm
2, 19.6 kg/hm
2And 14.3kg/hm
2, close total water inlet 6 after fertilising, total delivery port 13, water intaking valve 7 and outlet valve 11, rice field 1 not draining and not irrigating.
(5) monitor the variation of different times field, rice field face water, rainfall runoff and escape canal the content of nitrogen and phosphorous by checkout gear 12, calculate rice field nitrogen, P elements number of dropouts.Detection method can be conventional with reference to prior art, also can be with reference to technology such as highway contaminated water flow detections.
Implementation result: compare with local conventional fertilizer application mode, after the paddy rice applying organic manure, nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer amount reduce respectively 31% and 37%, on average reduce by 763 yuan/hm of fertilizers input cost
2, increasing production of rice 8.4%, the peasant 2857 yuan/hm that on average increases income and economizes on spending
2Rice field nitrogen, phosphorus loss amount reduce respectively 47% and 25%.
The comparison (early rice in 2011) of the fertilising of table 1 nitrogen phosphorus decrement and local conventional fertilizer application
* rainfall is 25mm.
Embodiment 2
(1) Demonstration Application is carried out in early rice in 2012, and implementation step and method are with embodiment 1.
(2) implementation result: compare with local conventional fertilizer application mode, after the paddy rice applying organic manure, nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer amount reduce respectively 31% and 37%, on average reduce by 763 yuan/hm of fertilizers input cost
2Increasing production of rice 7.6%, the peasant 2649 yuan/hm that on average increases income and economizes on spending
2Rice field nitrogen, phosphorus loss amount can reduce respectively 24% and 34%.
The comparison (early rice in 2012) of the fertilising of table 2 nitrogen phosphorus decrement and local conventional fertilizer application
* rainfall is 15mm.
Claims (3)
1. paddy system that prevents and detect that nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollutes, comprise rice field (1), ridge (2), water channel (3), water inlet (4), delivery port (5), it is characterized in that, also comprise total water inlet (6), total delivery port (13), water intaking valve (7), outlet valve (11), charging device (8) and checkout gear (12), described rice field (1) comprises, top layer (10) and base manure layer (9), ridge (2) is around the rice field (1), water channel (3) is around ridge (2), water inlet (4) and delivery port (5) are positioned under ridge (2), water intaking valve (7) is positioned on total water inlet (6), outlet valve (11) is positioned on total delivery port (13).
2. paddy system as claimed in claim 1, dark 10～20 centimetres of described base manure layer (9).
3. paddy system as claimed in claim 1, described ridge (2) exceeds (1) 5～10 centimetre, rice field.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220615251 CN202998909U (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Paddy field system for preventing and detecting nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201220615251 CN202998909U (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Paddy field system for preventing and detecting nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution |
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| CN 201220615251 Expired - Lifetime CN202998909U (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Paddy field system for preventing and detecting nitrogen and phosphorus loss pollution |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103535133A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-29 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Field control method for bitter gourd nitrogen-phosphorus runoff loss |
| CN107368109A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-21 | 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所 | User oriented rice field water water quality remote regulates and controls method |
-
2012
- 2012-11-20 CN CN 201220615251 patent/CN202998909U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103535133A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2014-01-29 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Field control method for bitter gourd nitrogen-phosphorus runoff loss |
| CN103535133B (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-06-29 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | A kind of field control method of Fructus Momordicae charantiae nitrogen phosphorus runoff loss |
| CN107368109A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2017-11-21 | 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所 | User oriented rice field water water quality remote regulates and controls method |
| CN107368109B (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2020-05-08 | 中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所 | User-oriented rice field water quantity and water quality remote control method |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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Granted publication date: 20130619 |