The specific embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
The U-shaped coated glass of the utility model comprises as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2: U-shaped glass is characterized in that: be coated with film 2 at the inner surface of U-shaped glass 1 or inner surface and the outer surface of U-shaped glass 1.
The utility model is that concave surface is coated with film 2 at the inner surface of described U-shaped glass 1.
The utility model is coated with LOW-E low-radiation film system or thermal reflecting coating system at the concave surface of described U-shaped glass.
U-shaped glass described in the utility model is common U-shaped glass, U-shaped tempering float glass or U-shaped calendering pattern glass.
The preparation method of U-shaped coated glass, it is characterized in that: adopt common U-shaped glass, U-shaped tempering float glass or U-shaped calendering pattern glass, after cleaning, send into coating machine, at vacuum chamber of film coating machine, press known technology in the rete film system of the U of U-shaped glass face plating to be formed by titanium, silicon, tin, nickel, chromium, silver metal and compound thereof, become U-shaped LOW-E low radiation coated glass.
The preparation method of U-shaped coated glass, it is characterized in that: adopt common U-shaped glass, U-shaped tempering float glass or U-shaped calendering pattern glass, after cleaning, send into coating machine, at vacuum chamber of film coating machine, pressing known technology is to become U-shaped heat-reflection coated glass in the plating of the U of U-shaped glass face with nickel, chromium, titanium, common metal film.
The specific embodiment of type coated glass:
One, coated glass
Coated glass is at one or more layers metal of glass surface coating, alloy or metal compound film, to change the optical property of glass, satisfies certain particular requirement.
Coated glass is pressed the different qualities of product, can be divided into following a few class: heat-reflecting glass, low emissivity glass (Low-E), electropane etc.Heat-reflecting glass generally is the film that plates one or more layers metals such as chromium, titanium or stainless steel or its compound composition at glass surface, make product be abundant color, for visible light suitable transmissivity is arranged, infrared ray there is higher reflectivity, ultraviolet ray there is the higher absorption rate, therefore, be also referred to as solar-control glazing, be mainly used in building and glass curtain wall; Low emissivity glass is to be by the film that the metal such as multilayer silver, copper or tin or its compound form in glass surface plating, product has higher transmissivity to visible light, infrared ray there is very high reflectivity, has good heat-proof quality, be mainly used in building and the vehicles such as automobile, boats and ships, because film strength is relatively poor, generally all makes double glazing and use; Electropane is at conductive films such as glass surface coating tin indium oxides, can be used for heating, defrosting, the demist of glass and is used as LCDs etc.
The production method of coated glass is a lot, mainly contains vacuum magnetic-control sputtering method, vacuum vapor deposition method, chemical vapour deposition technique and sol-gel processing etc.The magnetron sputtering film glass utilizes magnetron sputtering technique can manufacture and design the complicated film of multilayer system, can plate out multiple color at the glass substrate of white, and the corrosion-resistant and anti-wear performance of rete is better, is to produce at present and use one of maximum product.There are certain gap with the magnetron sputtering plating glassy phase in the kind of vacuum evaporation coating film glass and quality than all, are progressively replaced by vacuum sputtering.Chemical vapour deposition technique is to pass into reacting gas at floatation glass production line to decompose at scorching hot glass surface, is deposited on equably glass surface and forms coated glass.The characteristics of the method are few, the easy-regulatings of equipment investment, and product cost is low, chemical stability good, can carry out hot-working, are one of at present the most rising production methods.Sol-gel processing production coated glass technique is simple, stability, and weak point is that the product transmittance is too high, and is ornamental relatively poor.
What application was maximum in the coated glass is heat-reflecting glass and low emissivity glass.Basically adopt two kinds of production methods of vacuum magnetic-control sputtering method and chemical vapour deposition technique.There are BOC Co. of the U.S. and the Lai Bao company of Germany in more famous vacuum magnetic-control sputtering method device fabrication producer in the world, and there is the MB Group Plc of Britain etc. in the famous manufacturer of chemical vapour deposition technique.Since the late nineteen eighties, hundreds of coated glass manufacturers have appearred in China, there are South China glass group company and Shanghai Sunlight coated glass company etc. in the larger vacuum magnetic-control sputtering method manufacturer of impact in the industry, and there are Shandong blue star glass company and the Changjiang river float glass company etc. in chemical vapour deposition technique manufacturer.
Become the plated film film at one or more layers metal of glass surface coating, alloy or the metal compound film that are used for building.Change the optical property of glass by plated film, and then improved the heat-transfer character of glass, can reduce significantly building energy consumption.The different qualities of coated glass product can be divided into following a few class: heat-reflecting glass, antiradar reflectivity glass (being commonly called as low emissivity glass or LOW-E glass), electropane etc.Architectural application maximum be heat-reflecting glass (claiming again solar control film glass) and low-launch-rate glass.Their characteristics separately are different, and action function is not identical yet.
The effect of heat-reflection coated glass is effectively to limit beam radia heat to enter indoorly, and it is fairly obvious to be used for the strong regional heat-blocking action of illumination in summer.The main feature of low emission glass is to have the function that reduces radiant heat transfer, thereby effectively reduces the heat transfer coefficient of glass.Therefore should be according to need not regional climatic characteristic choose reasonable using coated glass, to reach optimum energy-saving effect.
Two, LOW-E glass
LOW-E glass (abbreviation low radiation coated glass) is the name for common coated glass (that is: heat-reflection coated glass).The film material of heat-reflection coated glass adopts general metal material or metal alloy compositions, thin and thick by the glass rete changes the appearance effect of glass and the visible light transmissivity of glass, plays the effect (general thicknesses of layers is 1 to 3 layer) of decorating and covering sunshine; The film material of LOW-E glass then adopts to be had the metallic gold of higher reflecting properties or silver to wait for the far-infrared radiation in the heat transmission to do the function rete, thereby reaches energy-conservation, decorates, the purpose of the indoor a home from home of creation.It is the upgrade version of common coated glass.
Low-E glass is at the low radiative material silver of glass surface plating and metal oxide film, makes glass present different colours.Its Main Function is the U value that reduces glass, reduces selectively Sc simultaneously, improves the energy conservation characteristic of glass comprehensively.Distinguishing feature is: infrared reflectivity is high, can directly reflect far-infrared thermal radiation; Emissivity E is low, and the ability that absorbs external energy is little, thereby the heat energy that gives off again is few; The shading coefficient Sc scope is wide, can control as required the transit dose of solar energy, to adapt to the needs of different regions.
Can be divided into again according to the number of plies difference that contains silver in the film layer structure: Dan Yin, two silver, three silver medal LOW-E products, under some occasion, need a kind of high, and the LOW-E product of shading coefficient that need to be extremely low, therefore two silver also arise at the historic moment, generally speaking, same shading coefficient, two silver-colored Low-E can have higher visible light and see through.This specific character of three silver medals is then more obvious.Two silver-colored glass almost can be with in all case, and he has following characteristics: have than the lower shading coefficient of sunshade type Low-E glass; Have low radiance and have insulation effect; Generally all have low reflectivity, permeability is good.
Three, the production technology of LOW-E glass
Present LOW-E coated glass production technology in the world has two kinds:
A: the off-line coated technique of magnetron sputtering
1, production technology introduction:
With other float glass of plated film level, after float glass is good, leave float line, again according to the different needs of coated product, form the coated glass finished product after the processing and film plating to the special coating film production line.The production line of at present can off-line producing LOW-E glass only has negative electrode magnetron sputtering film production process.Because the energy-saving decoration requirement that the photosensitivity of film plating layer and chemical stability, glass appearance consistency of colour and glass satisfy, the magnetron sputtering plating line configuration that can produce LOW-E glass must satisfy following requirement:
The vacuum chamber of coating wire must be at 5 more than the coating chamber, and the coating film production line cathode arrangement of manufacture order silver LOW-E glass (five tunic layers) is more than 10; Produce the coating film production line cathode arrangement of two silver-colored LOW-E glass (nine tunic layers) more than 20.
The major function of vacuum chamber: guarantee glass when carrying out plated film, the vacuum purity of intermediate function coating chamber is higher, and in the coating film on glass process, rete is subjected to external influence few, and technique is more stable; Vacuum chamber is more, and the rete chemical stability of coated glass is just better.
The major function of negative electrode: carry the rete raw material of coated glass, in carrying out coating process, play a role.Every plating skim needs two basic negative electrodes; Negative electrode quantity is more, and the production efficiency of coating film production line will be higher, and the rete chemical stability is better.
Strong for the film adhesion that makes glass, need before the plated film grinding and polishing and ultra-pure water cleaning are carried out in the surface of glass, the clean level of so processing glass surface after three times is the highest, and adhesive force is the strongest.
B: on-line coating
1, production technology introduction:
Be float glass after the production moulding, on float line, directly carry out the plated film deep processing and process.Adopt the LOW-E glass of this explained hereafter to use seldom abroad.This technique was risen in late 1970s, was declined the nineties in 20th century (domestic when introducing the LOW-E glass production line, as directly to have crossed over the production line and the introduction of production technology, the directly the most advanced off-line coated process of glass of introduction that fall behind);
2, production principle:
End (being that the glass cools molten tin bath is terminal) at floatation glass production line installs a hot-spraying technique additional, when the Float Glass Surface temperature is cooled to 750 ℃, to the even splash layer of metal of glass surface compound solution, liquid evaporation, solid is stayed glass surface and is formed single rete, is made into on-line coating glass.
At present main equipment making producer and production technology is in the world: Belgium: lattice draw Wellable group; France: Sheng Geban glass company; U.S. LOF glass company;
3, online and off-line LOW-E glass properties compares
Online LOW-E glass is in the float glass process, and glass is about 750 ℃ of molten tin bath end surface temperature, and at some metallochemistry solution of glass surface spraying of heat, the formation individual layer has the compound film of certain low radiation functions and makes.Online Low-E is lower than off-line Low-E product at product specification.
Produce off-line LOW-E glass and be after float glass leaves float line again to the method for coating film production line with vacuum magnetic-control sputtering, the argent that radiance is extremely low and other metal and metallic compound are plated in equably glass surface and make.According to the needs that use function, it is made of five tunics at least.
Domestic when introducing the Low-E glass production technology, striden across backward online Low-E production technology and the more advanced off-line production Technology of direct introduction.Because off-line Low-E can not be long time stored before synthetic double glazing, if high the going against accepted conventions of its cost of transportation of import behind the synthetic double glazing, therefore external off-line Low-E glass can't enter Chinese market, the Low-E glass of import can only be the online Low-E glass of monolithic, and its hollow processing is finished at home.
Four, manufacture craft and the method for other LOW-E glass
(1) online high temperature pyrolysis sedimentation
Online high temperature pyrolysis sedimentation " Low-E " glass has the product of many companies in the U.S..Such as the Surgate200 of PPG company, the Sunglas H.R " P " of Ford.These products are finished in float glass process for cooling process.Liquid metals or metal powder are directly injected on the hot glass surface, and along with the cooling of glass, metallic diaphragm becomes the part of glass.Gu this, this rete hard durable." Low-E " glass that this method is produced has many advantages: it can hot bending, and tempering needn't use under hollow state, can long term storage.Its shortcoming is that thermal property is poor.Unless rete is very thick, otherwise its " u " value is sputtering method " Low-E " coated glass half.If want to improve its thermal property by increasing thickness, its transparency is with regard to non-constant so.
(2) off-line vacuum sputtering
Off-line process is produced Low-E glass, is the vacuum magnetron sputtering coating film technology that generally adopts in the world at present.Can produce " LnplusNetetralR " of producer and the Ying Tepei company that product has the North America of " Low-E " glass, the Sungatel00 of PPG company, the SunglasHRS of Ford etc. with sputtering method.Different with the high temperature pyrolysis sedimentation, sputtering method is off-line.And the difference according to the glass transmission location has level and vertical dividing.
Sputtering method explained hereafter " Low-E " glass needs one deck fine silver film as functional membrane.The fine silver film is between two layers of metal oxide film.Metal oxide film provides protection to the fine silver film, and increases purity and the luminous transparency of color as the intermediate layer between the rete.
In the rectilinear production technology, glass is vertical to be placed on the top of the shelf, sends in the vacuum environment of the 10-1 handkerchief order of magnitude, passes into an amount of process gas (inert gas Ar or reacting gas O2, N2), and keeps vacustat.Target Ag, Si etc. are embedded negative electrode, thereby and insert magnetic field in the horizontal direction vertical with negative electrode and consist of magnetic control target.Take magnetic control target as negative electrode, add direct current or AC power, under high-tension effect, process gas ionizes, and forms plasma.Wherein, electronics carries out the high-speed screw motion under the acting in conjunction of Electric and magnetic fields, and the collision gas molecule produces more cation and electronics; Cation clashes into cathode targets after reaching certain energy under the effect of electric field, the target that is sputtered is deposited on and forms film on the glass substrate.In order to form the rete of uniformity, cathode target moves around near glass surface.In order to obtain multilayer film, must use a plurality of negative electrodes, each negative electrode all is to move around at glass surface, forms certain thickness.
Using Horizontal Bridgman Method is similar with normal beam technique to a great extent.The main distinction is in the placement of glass, and glass is by horizontal wheel transmission, and by negative electrode, glass is decided after the valve by a series of pins, and vacuum also changes thereupon.When glass arrived main sputtering chamber, plated film pressure reached, and metal cathode target is fixed, and glass moves.By in the cathodic process, rete forms at glass.
At present, the target product of domestic and most import magnetron sputtering film production lines all is that to be coated with simple substance film and metal film be main solar control film glass.This series products technique is relatively simple, and is lower to the requirement of equipment.Therefore, these production lines can not satisfy the requirement that is coated with LOW-E glass.
The characteristics of off-line LOW-E glass
Because there is the various metals target to select, and the combination of various metals target, therefore, sputtering method production " Low-E " glass can have various configurations.Aspect color and purity, the sputter plating also is better than thermal spray, and, owing to be off-line process, also more flexible aspect new product development.Topmost its " u " value of " Low-E " double glazing that is also advantageous in that sputter is produced is better than " u " value of pyrolysismethod product, but its shortcoming is the silver oxide rete be highly brittle a little less than, so it can not use as simple glass.It must make double glazing, and is not making before the hollow product, also is not suitable for long-distance transport.
Five, adopt the acquired patent of invention technology of the applicant to carry out plated film
The applicant has applied for the patent of denomination of invention for " magnetic control sputtering hot-bending coated glass and production method thereof and device " in 2002.09.06, is awarded the patent for invention (patent No.: ZL02135476.6) in 2005.11.23.The utility model can adopt this technology and device to carry out plated film, common U-shaped glass is sent into vacuum chamber of film coating machine carry out plated film by known conventional coating technique, the rete of plated film is plated in the concave surface of U-shaped glass, the film structure of rete by: the metal such as titanium, silicon, tin, nickel, chromium, silver and compound thereof form, and become U-shaped LOW-E low radiation coated glass through behind the plated film.U-shaped heat-reflection coated glass is processed in also directly nickel plating, chromium, titanium, common metal film system.
Embodiment recited above is described preferred embodiment of the present utility model; be not that design of the present utility model and protection domain are limited; under the prerequisite that does not break away from the utility model design concept; common engineers and technicians make the technical solution of the utility model in this area various modification and improvement all should fall into protection domain of the present utility model.