CN201674451U - 直流电机步进调速控制装置 - Google Patents

直流电机步进调速控制装置 Download PDF

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CN201674451U
CN201674451U CN2010201938721U CN201020193872U CN201674451U CN 201674451 U CN201674451 U CN 201674451U CN 2010201938721 U CN2010201938721 U CN 2010201938721U CN 201020193872 U CN201020193872 U CN 201020193872U CN 201674451 U CN201674451 U CN 201674451U
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motor
direct current
current machine
microprocessor
utility
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陈江群
王昕�
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Fuzhou Ninestars Electronic Ltd By Share Ltd
Fujian Nashida Electronic Inc Co
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Priority to JP2013600017U priority patent/JP3186999U/ja
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
    • H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/22—Optical devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P8/00—Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors of the kind having motors rotating step by step
    • H02P8/42—Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors of the kind having motors rotating step by step characterised by non-stepper motors being operated step by step
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears

Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种直流电机步进调速控制装置，包括电机，其特征在于：所述电机的输出轴设有用于切割光电耦合器的光栅，所述光电耦合器的输出端与微处理器相连，所述的微处理器经电机驱动电路与电机相连。本实用新型电路结构简单，使直流电机能控制旋转一定的角度后停止转动或达到步进调速的效果，具有较好的市场价值。

Description

直流电机步进调速控制装置
技术领域
 本实用新型涉及一种直流电机步进调速控制装置，特别是可以控制直流电机的旋转角度和步进速度的装置。
背景技术
现有直流电机转速的变化是靠调整直流电机两端的电压，当施加在直流电机两端的电压提高时，电机的转速加快；当施加在直流电机两端的电压降低时，电机的转速变慢。同时当负载变化时也会影响电机的转速，当负载变重时直流电机的转速变慢；当负载变轻时直流电机的转速变快。为了稳定直流电机的转速，现有技术采用的是测速反馈系统，当电机转速比预定值低或高时，测速系统输出反馈信号给电压调节器，电压调节器根据反馈信号的情况自动调节输出电压的高低，从而达到稳定电机转速的目的。上述的直流电机测速反馈系统装置不能实现步进效果，想要控制直流电机旋转一定的角度后停止转动或步进调速，上述装置是不可能实现的，同时由于上述装置成本较高，应用在小家电产品上没有成本优势。当然如果采用步进电机，是能够实现电机旋转一定的角度后停止或步进调速的控制，但步进电机的成本实在是太高了，步进电机一般应用在工业设备上。对于民用小家电出于成本的控制绝大部分还是采用直流电机，而且绝大部份采用的是直流永磁电机。
发明内容
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题在于克服上述的缺陷，提供一种成本低廉的直流电机步进调速装置，使直流电机能控制旋转一定的角度后停止转动或达到步进调速的效果。
本实用新型采用以下方案实现：一种直流电机步进调速控制装置，包括电机，其特征在于：所述电机的输出轴设有用于切割光电耦合器的光栅，所述光电耦合器的输出端与微处理器相连，所述的微处理器经电机驱动电路与电机相连；所述的微处理器还设置有与电机相连的电机制动电路。
本实用新型相比现有技术具有以下优点：本实用新型能使普通的直流电机产生步进的效果，利用停留时间的长短来控制直流电机的转速，也能利用光电耦合器的输出脉冲信号个数来控制直流电机的转动角度或圈数，从而有效地控制负载的行程，同时与步进电机相比具有很好的成本优势。
附图说明
图1是本实用新型实施例的电路原理方框图。
图2是本实用新型实施例驱动一个桶盖的结构示意图。
图3是本实用新型实施例的电路图。
图4是本实用新型实施例的程序流程框图。
具体实施方式
请参照图1，本实用新型提供一种直流电机步进调速控制装置，包括电机，其特征在于：所述电机的前输出轴设有用于切割光电耦合器的光栅，所述光电耦合器的输出端与微处理器相连，所述的微处理器经电机驱动电路与电机相连。所述的电机制动电路由二极管、晶体管及电阻组成；所述的电机后输出轴设有垃圾桶盖的驱动齿轮。本实施例中所述的光栅实际上是在一个薄圆片上分割成若干个透光区及遮光区，该光栅套装在直流电机的前输出轴上，并跟随输出轴一起转动，切割光电耦合器的光路，这样光电耦合器就输出电脉冲信号，光栅每转动一个透光区和遮光区的位置，光电耦合器就输出一个电脉冲信号，该电脉冲信号通过导线连接到微电脑控制器内的计数器，用于控制电机转动的角度或圈数。所述驱动电路的功能在于控制直流电机的通断和正反转，驱动电路的输入控制端与微处理器的接口连接，驱动电路的输出端连接直流电机。所述制动电路的功能在于能使靠惯性转动的直流电机快速停止，制动电路实际上是一种把直流电机两端短路的电路，当施加在直流电机两端的电压停止后，由于负载和电机转子的惯性，电机不会马上停下来，这时候电机将变成发电机（根据电磁学原理），此时将电机两端短路后，电机内部的线圈有电流通过并切割磁力线产生阻力，使电机快速停止转动。
直流电机步进调速装置的工作过程：首先由微处理器的输出端口控制驱动电路打开，驱动电路输出电压施加在电机的两端，电机开始转动，转动的同时也带动光栅转动，当光栅转动一个透光区和遮光区的行程后，光电耦合器就输出一个电脉冲信号给微处理器内的计数器，微处理器内的计数器就在原来的基础上加一，微处理器监测到计数器加一个数据后，立即改变输出端口状态，使驱动电路施加在直流电机两端的电压消失，同时开启制动电路让直流电机两端形成回路（相当于短路），直流电机立即停止转动，并保持一段停止时间（以下简称：停留时间），然后在重复上述步骤，直流电机就产生一转一停、一转一停的步进效果。只要改变停留时间就能改变电机的旋转速度，通过计数器的数值能够体现电机转动的角度或圈数，有利于通过微处理器来控制直流电机转动的角度或圈数，从而达到控制负载的行程。
为了让一般技术人员更清楚的了解本实用新型，下面结合一实施例电路及相应的控制流程图进行说明。
请参照图3，本实施例子中所述驱动电路2由三极管Q2-Q5和电阻R4-R7组成，制动电路3由二极管D1、D2、三极管Q3、Q5和电阻R5、R7组成，微电脑控制器1输出接口脚⑴、脚⑵、脚⒄、脚⒅通过电阻R4-R7分别控制三极管Q2-Q5的导通或截止，当微处理器1的脚⑴和脚⒄为高电平、脚⑵和脚⒅为低电平时，三极管Q2和Q5导通、Q3和Q4截止，直流电机4施加正向电压，直流电机的输出轴5顺时针转动；当微处理器1的脚⑴和脚⒄为低电平、脚⑵和脚⒅为低电平时，三极管Q2和Q5截止、Q3和Q4导通，直流电机4施加反向电压，直流电机的输出轴5逆时针转动。光电耦合器7的内部实际上是由一个红外发射二极管和红外接收三极管组成，光电耦合器7的输出端连接到微处理器1的脚⑶（输入端），脚⑶连接到微处理器1内部的计数器，当光栅6的遮光区把光电耦合器7的光路遮住时，微处理器1脚⑶为高电平；当没有遮住时，微处理器1脚⑶为低电平，本例的光栅6有四个遮光片，直流电机输出轴5每转动一圈，在微处理器器1脚⑶上就有四个脉冲信号，所以本例的直流电机步进调速装置的步进角度为90°。
下面结合图2、图3、图4描述本例的工作过程：其中图2是一个直流电机步进调速装置带动垃圾桶桶盖9的结构示意图，直流电机4是一个两头出轴的永磁直流电机，一头连接光栅6，另一头连接齿轮组8，齿轮组8是一组减速齿轮，其目的是将高速小扭矩旋转的直流电机输出轴5的动力转换为低速大扭矩，从而带动桶盖9的开启或关闭，桶盖9在关闭的过程中要求缓慢关盖以减少噪音。在桶盖9的关盖过程中，直流电机4采用步进缓慢转动，同时采用计数器来判别桶盖的行程，首先程序初始化后，微处理器1的输出端脚⑴和脚⒅为高电平、脚⑵和脚⒄为低电平，三极管Q2-Q5都截止，电机4不得电而保持静止状态，当微处理器1改变输出口后状态后及微处理器1的脚⑴和脚⒄为高电平、脚⑵和脚⒅为低电平时（给电机施加正向电压），三极管Q2和Q5导通、Q3和Q4截止，直流电机的输出轴5顺时针转动，带动桶盖开始关闭，同时光栅7转动，当光栅7转动90°时，光电耦合器7输出一个脉冲信号给微处理器1的内部计数器，计数器就加一，当程序检测到计数器加一后，微处理器1的输出口就改变状态（微处理器1的脚⑴、脚⑵、脚⒅和脚⒄为高电平，使三极管Q3、Q5导通，Q2、Q4截止，启动制动电路3，使直流电机4快速停止转动（相当于刹车），然后程序进入停留时间，在停留时间内电机不动，停留时间结束后程序判断计数器是否已经达到预定值（及桶盖的行程是否到位），如果达到预定值就停止电机的工作，如果没有达到预定值，就重复上述步骤，直到计数器达到预定值，改变停留时间就可以改变电机的步进速度，从而改变桶盖9的关盖速度。本例中直流电机4每转90度停止一下，但通过齿轮组8的减速，桶盖9的位移量很小，所以在视觉上感觉桶盖7是慢慢关闭的，只要增加光栅6遮光片的个数就能减小直流电机4的步进角度，这里还要说明的是，本实用新型的光栅6也可以安装在齿轮组8中的某一个齿轮上，来控制直流电机4的步进角度，其与本实用新型技术应该是等同替换。
以上所述仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例，凡依本实用新型申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰，皆应属本实用新型的涵盖范围。

Claims (3)

1.一种直流电机步进调速控制装置，包括电机，其特征在于：所述电机的输出轴设有用于切割光电耦合器的光栅，所述光电耦合器的输出端与微处理器相连，所述的微处理器经电机驱动电路与电机相连；所述的微处理器还设置有与电机相连的电机制动电路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的直流电机步进调速控制装置，其特征在于：所述的电机制动电路由二极管、晶体管及电阻组成。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的直流电机步进调速控制装置，其特征在于：所述电机的输出轴还设有垃圾桶盖的驱动齿轮。
CN2010201938721U 2010-05-18 2010-05-18 直流电机步进调速控制装置 Expired - Lifetime CN201674451U (zh)

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CN2010201938721U CN201674451U (zh) 2010-05-18 2010-05-18 直流电机步进调速控制装置
JP2013600017U JP3186999U (ja) 2010-05-18 2010-08-28 Ｄｃモーターステッピング速度制御装置
PCT/CN2010/076440 WO2011143863A1 (zh) 2010-05-18 2010-08-28 直流电机步进调速控制装置
US12/807,666 US8547049B2 (en) 2010-05-18 2010-09-10 DC motor assembly with step adjusting control arrangement

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EP3130699A1 (en) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-15 Wuxi Little Swan Co. Ltd. Driving motor assembly for door of washing machine
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