The two-sided film that catchments of anti-evaporating that is used for seedling growth or maintenance
Technical field
The utility model relates to plant planting and curing means, particularly is used for the two-sided film that catchments of anti-evaporating of seedling growth or maintenance.
Background technology
Water is the important component part of the ecosystem, is basis and feature that biological phenomena exists; Have water that life is just arranged, do not have life without water, this has become the general truth of not saying and speaking.It is introduced: whole world arid, semiarid zone relate to more than 60 countries and regions, account for 1/3rd of global land surface; The arid of China, semiarid zone the over half of land surface that approximately account for.So large-scale drought environment has had a strong impact on human existence and activity thereof, is the human permanent problem of defeating for a long time with nature remodeling.
In order to improve environment, or delay environmental deterioration, large-area afforestation, greening mountains and rivers rivers activity are in full swing in China " three Norths " area; Though obtaining huge achievement aspect breed breeding and the afforestation technology, remain problem but survival rate and storage rate are low: be subjected to weather effect big, what the afforestation nursery stock survived lacks, or trees death again after a period of time of having planted and having survived, basic reason or lack of water.
In order to obtain certain crops harvest (comprising crop, vegetables, fruit, Chinese herbal medicine, flowers etc.) in the nonirrigated farmland, use drought-resistant variety and dry farming measure are means at least, certainly, on the nonirrigated farmland irrigating facility can be arranged, that is only to get well again, but irrigating needs huge investment, adds the influence of landform, usually there is not this condition on the nonirrigated farmland, therefore, seek small investment, the method for instant effect is that dryland farming is dreamed of.
The characteristics of the natural environment of arid, semiarid zone are: annual precipitation is low, the evaporation discharge height, evaporation discharge usually is tens of times (aridity is greater than 1.5) of rainfall, these regional illumination are strong, the soil is exposed, lacks the woods and blocks, feasible original precipitation seldom, have little time savings and under ooze, just be evaporated in the air and lost in vain.For this natural environment characteristics, we think key problem be catchment, retaining, water conservation match, manage to make only precipitation, concentrate and use, reduce to scatter and disappear, simultaneously, make in the soil or underground existing moisture not or reduce evaporation, that covers a skim around giving the nursery stock root exactly, solves to catchment in the part, retaining, water conservation problem.
At present, more existing similar ways.
For forest, the method that CN 1568660A discloses with the tiling overlay film stops water evaporates, improves the pinus sylvestris var. mongolica survival rate, still, does not relate to and utilizes institute's overlay film to collect atmospheric precipitation; CN 2617141Y discloses and has adopted a kind of special synergy plate that catchments, and boxes out on the plate and the slit, can collect rainwater, keeps the sun off, and reduce the root evaporation, yet the cost of this handtailor plate can be very not low, the moisture that all around still scatters and disappears of plate; CN 1820578A disclose catchment, the method for forestation of retaining and water conservation, be job facilities but retaining takes, the cost height has increased extracting water facility and operation again, catchments and the water conservation measure lacks prominent features with film.
For crops, CN1063309C discloses the type of seeding of rupture of membranes voluntarily of crops overlay film, has used relatively thinner film, and firming directly over sowing row or the cave is beneficial to water conservation, makes the seedling rupture of membranes and goes out, and can not utilize natural precipitation; CN1411694A discloses the film-covering planting method that has drip irrigation system, for the nonirrigated farmland of non-irrigated condition, still can't use.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model provides a kind of two-sided film that catchments of the anti-evaporating that is used for seedling growth or maintenance that improves the forest survival rate.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present utility model is achieved in that a kind of two-sided film that catchments of anti-evaporating that is used for seedling growth or maintenance, it is characterized in that comprising:
Be opened in the circular hole at film body center;
The edge notch that forms to described circular hole cutting from the film body edge; And
Be fixed on the bonding piece near the film body of described edge notch.
Wherein, described bonding piece is an adhesive sticker.
Wherein, the diameter of described circular hole is more than or equal to the diameter of described nursery stock.
Wherein, described film body is a waterproof paper, and described waterproof paper is the paper that applies marine glue.
When described film body was waterproof paper, the middle part of described film body was recessed by compacting, formed the angle of 6-30 degree with the edge of film body.
Wherein, described film body is a plastic film, as the black plastic film.
When described film body was plastic film, the middle part of described film body was recessed by placing soil, formed the angle of 6-30 degree with the edge of film body.
Described film body can also be the film body of any easy degraded material, can reduce the pollution of film body to soil like this.
The shape of the film body of the two-sided film that catchments of anti-evaporating of the present utility model can be one of rectangle, circle, ellipse, polygon or other shape.
The utlity model has following technique effect:
1. two-sided catchmenting: on the one hand, at the lower surface of film, the moisture of soil evaporation is stopped by plastic foil, avoid being evaporated to atmosphere and scatter and disappear, and by the base portion that steam-film lower surface-water droplet-shoot root is, be pooled to again around the root system of plant, supply with water uptake by plant roots; Aspect in addition, at the upper surface of film, after the natural precipitation of atmosphere was fallen on the plastic foil, the upper surface-film medium pore-shoot root by film was a base portion, catchments around the root system of plant, supplies with water uptake by plant roots.Two-sided catchmenting improved the output of plant greatly, can improve survival rate and the storage rate of nursery stock, and the germination rate and the emergence rate that improve crops.
2. retaining: the tree well of certain size size can be filled with water, by soil infiltration retaining.
3. water conservation/anti-evaporating: because the effect of mulch film, stoped following seed of film or shoot root system on every side moisture scatter and disappear because of evaporation, play water retention.
4. raising survival rate: solved the problem of water, the nursery stock recovery stage supplies water relatively more sufficient, and survival rate is improved.
5. improve the trees storage rate: for the planting site or the trees of having planted, if run into arid season or dry year, the irrigation conditions that do not water again takes this method can help trees to spend arid difficulty, improves storage rate.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is elaborated.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that is used for two-sided film first embodiment that catchments of anti-evaporating of seedling growth and maintenance of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that is used for two-sided film second embodiment that catchments of anti-evaporating of seedling growth and maintenance of the present utility model;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that the two-sided film that catchments of anti-evaporating of the present utility model is used for seedling growth;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram that the two-sided film that catchments of anti-evaporating of the present utility model is used for the nursery stock maintenance;
Drawing reference numeral explanation: 1-nursery stock or trees; 2-horizontal line or horizon; The 3-angle; The two-sided film that catchments of 4-anti-evaporating; The 5-space; The native face or the degree of depth are buried in 6-seedling hole; The 7-foundation; 8-buries soil; The 9-circular hole; The 10-edge notch; 11-seedling hole; The 12-bonding piece; The 13-film body.
Embodiment
The anti-evaporating that is used for seedling growth and maintenance of the present utility model is two-sided to catchment film first embodiment as shown in Figure 1, and this two-sided film 4 that catchments of anti-evaporating (hereinafter to be referred as the film 4 that catchments) that is used for seedling growth and maintenance comprising:
Be opened in the circular hole 9 at film body 13 centers;
The edge notch 10 that forms to described circular hole 9 cuttings from film body 13 edges; And
Be fixed on the bonding piece 12 near the film body 13 the described edge notch 10.
Above-mentioned bonding piece 12 can be adhesive sticker or analog.
Above-mentioned circular hole 9 is used for entangling the nursery stock of plantation or maintenance, so the diameter of circular hole 9 should be more than or equal to planting or the diameter of the nursery stock of maintenance.
Above-mentioned film body 13 can be waterproof paper or plastic film, and when film body 13 was waterproof paper, this film body 13 can be the paper that applies marine glue.
When film body 13 was waterproof paper, the middle part of this film body 13 can be recessed by compacting, forms the angle 3 (referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) of 6-30 degree with the edge of film body 13.
When film body 13 adopted plastic films, the middle part of described film body 13 was recessed by placing soil, formed the angle 3 of 6-30 degree with the edge of film body 13.
In first embodiment shown in Figure 1, described film body 13 is a rectangle, as square or rectangular.
Fig. 2 has shown two-sided film second embodiment that catchments of anti-evaporating that is used for seedling growth and maintenance of the present utility model, only is that with the difference of first embodiment film body 13 is for circular or oval.In fact, the shape of the film body of the two-sided film that catchments of anti-evaporating of the present utility model can also be other shape, as polygon, polygonal.
Illustrate that below in conjunction with Fig. 3 the film 4 that catchments of the present utility model is used for the situation of seedling growth.
Dig the seedling hole 11 that is used for serike down, nursery stock 1 is put in the described seedling hole 11, bury soil 8 then;
The film 4 that catchments that will have edge notch 10 and circular hole 9 is enclosed within the foundation portion of described nursery stock 1, makes circular hole 9 surround the foundation portion of nursery stock 1;
Catchment film 4 edge notches 10 to eliminate the slit of edge notch with bonding piece 12 sealing, then the periphery of the film 4 that catchments be fixed on the edge in seedling hole 11, so as catchment film 4 with bury formation collecting space 5 between the soil 8.
After the above-mentioned fixing described film 4 that catchments, place fine earth to the middle part of the film 4 that catchments, make film 4 middle parts of catchmenting recessed, form angle 3 with 2 one-tenth 6-30 degree of horizontal line.
In the method, edge notch 10 and circular hole 9 on the described film 4 that catchments are made in advance, and can be provided with the adhering device that is used to seal described edge notch 10 near described edge notch 10.This adhering device can be the adhesive sticker that has or do not have protective layer.
The described film 4 that catchments can be the black plastic film.As selection, the described film 4 that catchments also can be made by the paper wood of waterproof, so that in use for some time, decomposes in soil.
The film body of the described film 4 that catchments also can be the film body of any easy degraded material, can reduce the pollution of film body to soil like this.
The film 4 that catchments of the present utility model can also be used for following seedling growth situation:
A) dig the seedling hole 11 that is used for serike under, nursery stock 1 is put in the described seedling hole 11, bury soil then;
B) its area of clip is cheated the film 4 that catchments of 11 apex areas greater than seedling;
C) clip to the center membrane that catchments along described one side of catchmenting film 4 to form edge notch 10, cut the circular hole 9 of its diameter at the center membrane that catchments then greater than the nursery stock diameter;
D) from described edge notch 10 film 4 that catchments is shifted to nursery stock 1, the circular hole 9 of the film 4 that catchments is enclosed within on the nursery stock 1;
E) overlapping film 4 edge notches 10 and it is bonding that catchment are with the slit of sealing edge notch 10; And
G) fetch earth compacting around the film 4 that catchments, so that burying in catchment film 4 and the seedling hole forms collecting space 5 between the soil 8;
F) to around the middle part of the film 4 that catchments of compacting place fine earth, make film 4 middle parts of catchmenting recessed, form angle with 2 one-tenth 6-30 degree of horizontal line.
No matter mountain region or level land, according to nursery stock specification size, dig the hole (see figure 3) of planting seedlings of corresponding size, when putting nursery stock 1 well, when burying soil, be careful tree well and bury soil 8 the degree of depth or bury native face 6 and be lower than ground 10-20 centimetre, at this moment, clip is greater than the film 4 that catchments (0.05 millimeter of the thickness of tree well size 20-30 centimetre, black), from the film openings at one side 10 of catchmenting (being edge notch 10) of being cut, stop when cutting central authorities, again according to planting nursery stock leading thread thickness, cut the circular hole 9 of a diameter, then, such film 4 that catchments is covered on the hole 11 of planting seedlings greater than nursery stock leading thread 0.5-1.0 centimetre, film 4 openings 10 ends that will catchment are overlapping, sealed open then, fetches earth to the central circular hole slit as far as possible, the compacting all around of the film 4 that catchments, prevent that wind from scraping off; At last, shovel that half spade fine earth is put into the tree root base portion and the circular hole 9 of film 4 contact positions of catchmenting, the central circular hole 9 that makes the film 4 that catchments gets final product at the 6-30 degree to the angle 3 of tree well limit and horizontal plane 2.
Illustrate that below in conjunction with Fig. 4 the film 4 that catchments of the present utility model is used for the situation of nursery stock maintenance:
Under the tree root base portion, dig the hole that is filled with water;
The film 4 that catchments that will have edge notch 10 and circular hole 9 is enclosed within the foundation portion of described trees 1, makes circular hole 9 surround trunk;
Seal film 4 edge notches 10 that catchment, then the periphery of the film 4 that catchments is fixed on the edge in the described hole that is filled with water, so that between at the bottom of the hole in the film 4 and the hole that is filled with water of catchmenting, form collecting space 5.
Behind the fixing described film 4 that catchments, can also place fine earth to the middle part of the film 4 that catchments, make film 4 middle parts of catchmenting recessed, form angle with 2 one-tenth 6-30 degree of horizontal line.
In concrete enforcement, can make the film 4 that catchments according to site environment, therefore following specific implementation method can be arranged: no matter mountain region or level land, according to trees 1 rugosity specification size, under the tree root base portion, dig the 10-20 centimetre hole (see figure 4) that is filled with water of dark (not exposing root system in principle), tie the end, hole and remove weeds on every side with spade, clip is greater than the mulch film (0.05 millimeter of thickness, black) of tree well size 20-30 centimetre, from the mulch film openings at one side 10 of being cut, stop when cutting central authorities, according to trees leading thread thickness, cut the circular hole 9 of a diameter, then again greater than about 0.5 centimeter of nursery stock leading thread, such film 4 that catchments is covered on the hole of digging, film 4 openings 10 ends that will catchment are overlapping, and sealed open 10 is to the slit of central circular hole 9, then as far as possible, fetch earth the compacting all around of mulch film, prevent that wind from scraping off; At last, shovel circular hole 9 places that contact with the tree root base portion that half spade soil is put into the film 4 that catchments, get final product, the central circular hole 9 of the film 3 that catchments is got final product with 2 one-tenth 6-30 degree of angle angle of horizontal plane to the tree well limit with soil sealing circular hole 9.
In sum, the utlity model has following characteristics:
1. overlay film is blocked existing soil water evaporation and is scattered and disappeared.
2. overlay film and central authorities are low, high all around, the Atmospheric precipitation of outside can be collected tree well In, in the furrow and plant in the plant hole, namely collect Atmospheric precipitation.
3. overlay film and film central authorities keep the 6-30 degree with the horizontal sextant angle on ground, and central authorities are low, and four High on every side, make in the tree well, the evaporation condensed water in the furrow, kind plant hole is pooled to seed or seedling Around the root system, namely the soil evaporation condensed water of collection the inside is around root system.
4. overlay film and film central authorities are low, can make in the hole to redistribute with the outer water in hole, and automatically Focus on the root that needs most suction, namely assemble film inside and outside two-sided moisture play concentrated to root The water supply effect.
5. leave certain space, cause miniature microclimate environment, be conducive to seedling root and breathe.
6. the size of institute's cutting film only according to tree well, furrow distance, cave size variation, satisfies not With needing and requirement.
7. used mulch film is black, and is light tight, can avoid growing weeds under the film.
8. used mulch film is black, and is light tight, but heat absorption is conducive to the north and improves ground early spring Temperature reduces around the overlay film because the temperature acute variation that illumination brings.
Advantage of the present utility model and function:
1. two-sided water collecting: on the one hand, at the lower surface of film, the moisture of soil evaporation is by plastic foil Stop, avoid being evaporated to atmosphere and scatter and disappear, and by steam-film lower surface-water droplet-shoot root system Base portion, again be pooled to around the root system of plant, supply with water uptake by plant roots; Aspect in addition, At the upper surface of film, after the natural precipitation of atmosphere is fallen on the plastic foil, by the upper surface of film-film medium pore-shoot root is base portion, catchments around the root system of plant, supplies with water uptake by plant roots. Two-sided water collecting has improved the output of plant greatly, can improve the surrival rate of afforestation and the preservation of nursery stock Rate, and the germination percentage and the emergence rate that improve crops.
2. retaining: the tree well of certain size size can be filled with water, by soil infiltration retaining.
3. water conservation/anti-evaporating: because the effect of mulch film has stoped the following seed of film or shoot root to be Moisture scatters and disappears because of evaporation on every side, plays water retention.
4. the raising surrival rate of afforestation: solved water problem, the water supply of nursery stock recovery stage is relatively filled Foot, survival rate is improved.
5. improve the trees storage rate: for reproducing area or the trees of having planted, if run into arid Season or dry year, the irrigation conditions that do not water again takes this method can help the trees degree Cross arid difficulty, improve storage rate.
The scope of application
This plantation and maintenance process are applicable to arid and do not have the area of irrigation conditions to use. Tool Body is as follows:
1, loess plateau afforestation, forest maintenance.
2, Desert Area afforestation, forest maintenance.
3, arid, semiarid zone are specially the area of 100~400 millimeters of annual precipitations Afforestation, forest maintenance and crops dry farming.
4, planting of plants and the maintenance in the urban landscaping engineering.