CN1978583A - 热介面材料 - Google Patents

热介面材料 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1978583A
CN1978583A CNA200510102336XA CN200510102336A CN1978583A CN 1978583 A CN1978583 A CN 1978583A CN A200510102336X A CNA200510102336X A CN A200510102336XA CN 200510102336 A CN200510102336 A CN 200510102336A CN 1978583 A CN1978583 A CN 1978583A
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Prior art keywords
powder
thermal interface
interface material
zinc oxide
weighting
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郑景太
郑年添
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Fuzhun Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Fuzhun Precision Industry Shenzhen Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to CNA200510102336XA priority Critical patent/CN1978583A/zh
Priority to US11/521,918 priority patent/US7381346B2/en
Publication of CN1978583A publication Critical patent/CN1978583A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/42Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/36Selection of materials, or shaping, to facilitate cooling or heating, e.g. heatsinks
    • H01L23/373Cooling facilitated by selection of materials for the device or materials for thermal expansion adaptation, e.g. carbon
    • H01L23/3737Organic materials with or without a thermoconductive filler
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F2013/005Thermal joints
    • F28F2013/006Heat conductive materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种热介面材料,包括基油及填充物粉末,所述基油为季戊四醇油酸酯,从而通过季戊四醇油酸酯的高润滑性能,使填充物之间产生滑动,提高填充物的固含量,从而提升该种热介面材料的导热性能,提升散热效果。

Description

热介面材料
【技术领域】
本发明关于一种电子元件散热用的热介面材料。
【背景技术】
随着电子信息业的不断发展,电子产品朝向更轻薄短小及多功能、更快速运行的趋势发展,电子元件所释出的热量亦随之愈来愈多,导致其进一步发展必须面临如何降低电子元件工作温度的瓶颈,为使高科技电子产品发挥应有的功能,一般于电子元件上设置散热器等散热元件,将电子元件工作时所产生的热量导走,以确保电子元件能稳定运行。
然而,若直接将散热元件置于电子元件上,由于散热元件与电子元件所接触的接触面并非完全平整面,故两者贴合时,两者的接触面无法有效地完全接触而存在空气间隙,而空气的导热系数很低,一般约0.025W/(m·℃)左右,严重影响整体的散热效果,为此,一般于散热元件与电子元件之间涂布导热膏等热介面材料,以填补散热元件与电子元件之间的空气间隙,减小介面热阻,提升散热效果,以保证电子元件的正常运作。
现有热介面材料一般以硅油(Silicone oil)作为基油与金属、金属氧化物粉末混合而成,从而使该种热介面材料呈膏状,可方便地印刷于散热器等元件上,而通过金属或金属氧化物粉末达到导热性的要求,然而受限于硅油材料本身的性质,该种热介面材料中金属或金属氧化物所占的比例有限,粉末与粉末之间存在间隙,影响导热性能,而随着现今电子产品的运行速度越来越高,必然要求提供一种性能更加优良的热介面材料,以减小电子元件与散热元件之间的介面热阻,保证电子元件的安全运行。
【发明内容】
有鉴于此,有必要提供一种改进性能的热介面材料。
该种热介面材料,包括基油及填充物粉末,所述基油为季戊四醇油酸酯。
该种热介面材料通过季戊四醇油酸酯的高润滑性能,使填充物之间产生滑动,提高填充物的含量,从而提升该种热介面材料的导热性能,提升散热效果。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合实施例作进一步说明。
该热介面材料包括一种基油(Base Oil)及至少一种填充物粉末(Filler)。其中该填充物粉末由导热性能较佳的粉末构成,基油为季戊四醇油酸酯(Pentaerythritol oleate),通过季戊四醇油酸酯提升所述粉末的固含量,形成具有良好导热性能的热介面材料。
季戊四醇油酸酯为季戊四醇与油酸的反应物,呈浅黄色透明液体状,具有良好的润滑性能、高温稳定性、低挥发性、优良的粘温性能以及良好的低温流动性能,适用于作为高温、高润滑用油的基础油。该填充物粉末可为铝、锌等金属或其氧化物,当季戊四醇油酸酯与填充物粉末相混合形成所述热介面材料时,通过填充物粉末提供热介面材料良好的导热性能,而利用季戊四醇油酸酯较高的润滑性能,使填充物粉末之间产生相对滑动,从而使粉末与粉末之间的间隙尽量减小,使粉末之间接触紧密,提升热介面材料中填充物粉末的含量,增强热介面材料的导热性能。
如表1所示,以下分别以铝粉(Al)、氧化锌粉末(ZnO)及两者的混合物作为填充物粉末为例,说明该热介面材料的性能。
例一所示为以氧化锌粉末作为填充物与季戊四醇油酸酯所形成的热介面材料,其中氧化锌粉末与基油的质量分别为38.3112g、11.6888g,两者的质量比约为330∶100,氧化锌粉末的平均粒径约为0.4μm,其占热介面材料的体积比约为35%,该种热介面材料的热阻值约为0.252℃·cm2/W。
例二所示为以铝粉作为填充物与季戊四醇油酸酯相混合形成的热介面材料,其中铝粉与季戊四醇油酸酯的质量分别为37.2928g、12.7072g,两者的质量比约为300∶100,铝粉的平均粒径约为2.0μm,其占热介面材料的体积比约为50%,该种热介面材料的热阻值约为0.231℃·cm2/W。
例三揭示了季戊四醇油酸酯与铝粉及氧化锌粉末共同形成的热介面材料,其中铝粉颗粒较大,其平均粒径约为2.0μm,氧化锌粉末颗粒较小,其平均粒径约为0.4μm,铝粉的质量为23.1476g,氧化锌粉末的质量小于铝粉的质量,仅为13.7171g,季戊四醇油酸酯的质量为13.1353g,其与该两种粉末的质量比约为100∶280,该两种粉末所占热介面材料的体积比约为45%,该种热介面材料的热阻值约为0.247℃·cm2/W。
当该填充物粉末中含有两种或两种以上的粉末时,一般各种粉末粒径的选择不同,从而小粒径粉末可填充于大粒径粉末之间,可更有效的弥补粉末间的间隙,提升填充物粉末的含量,如实施例3中,氧化锌粉末的粒径为0.4μm,小于铝粉的粒径(2.0μm)。
表1
  基油(g)        填充物(g)  填充物所占体积     热阻
例一   11.6888  ZnO   38.3112       35%     0.252
例二   12.7072  Al   37.2928       50%     0.231
例三 13.1353  Al   23.1476 45% 0.247
 ZnO   13.7171
当填充物粉末的粒径越小时,则粉末与粉末之间的接触面积越大,粉末间的间隙越小,其所构成的热介面材料的导热性能越好,一般所选用铝粉的平均粒径为0.1~10μm,而氧化锌粉末的平均粒径一般在0.1~5μm之间,为达到更好的导热性能,还可选用纳米粒径的粉末。如表2所示,该填充物中还包括有粒径为50~70nm的氧化锌颗粒,其中每组数据所示为各种粉末的质量比,如第1组中基油∶Al∶ZnO(0.1~1.0μm)∶ZnO(50~70nm)的质量比为1∶1∶2∶1,其热阻值约为0.14~0.17(℃·cm2/W)。从表2中可以看出,在添加纳米氧化锌粉末后热介面材料的热阻值明显降低,而随着填充物中铝粉含量的增加,相应地热介面材料的热阻值越低。
表2
序号 基油                        填充物(比值) 热阻(℃·cm2/W)
Al(0.1~10μm) ZnO(0.1~1.0μm) ZnO(50~70nm)
1 1        1         2       1  0.14~0.17
2 1        2         2       1  0.11~0.13
3 1        3         1       1  0.06~0.08
 4   1     3     2     1  0.08~0.10
 5   1     4     2     0  0.05~0.07
 6   1     6     0     0  0.07~0.09
如上所述,填充物粉末用于提供热介面材料的导热性能,因此其含量越高热介面材料的导热性能越好,然粉末与粉末之间需紧密结合以减小粉末间的间隙,从而更利于热量的传导,相应地则基油的含量受到限制,如果基油的含量过低,则无法使热介面材料呈膏状,从而不便于将其印刷于散热器等元件上,影响热介面材料的导热性能,一般基油占该热介面材料的质量比控制在25%以下,其中基油与季戊四醇油酸酯的较佳比例约在1∶5~1∶12之间,其所形成的热介面材料的导热性能较佳,其导热系数约为0.6~6.0(W/m·K),其热阻值一般在0.05~0.26(℃·cm2/W)之间,相对于现有的热介面材料,其热阻值大大减小,导热性能大大提高。

Claims (10)

1.一种热介面材料,包括基油及填充物粉末,其特征在于:所述基油为季戊四醇油酸酯。
2.如权利要求1所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:季戊四醇油酸酯的质量占该热介面材料的质量的比例小于25%。
3.如权利要求1所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:季戊四醇油酸酯与填充物粉末的质量比为1∶2.8~1∶12。
4.如权利要求3所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:季戊四醇油酸酯与填充物粉末的质量比为1∶5~1∶12。
5.如权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:该填充物粉末包括金属或金属氧化物粉末。
6.如权利要求5所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:该填充物粉末为铝粉和氧化锌粉末至少其中之一。
7.如权利要求5所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:该填充物粉末包括铝粉,所述铝粉的平均粒径为0.1~10μm。
8.如权利要求5所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:该填充物粉末包括氧化锌粉末,所述氧化锌粉末的平均粒径为0.1~5μm。
9.如权利要求5所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:该填充物粉末包括氧化锌粉末,所述氧化锌粉末为纳米颗粒。
10.如权利要求9所述的热介面材料,其特征在于:氧化锌粉末的粒径为50nm~70nm。
CNA200510102336XA 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 热介面材料 Pending CN1978583A (zh)

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CNA200510102336XA CN1978583A (zh) 2005-12-09 2005-12-09 热介面材料
US11/521,918 US7381346B2 (en) 2005-12-09 2006-09-15 Thermal interface material

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