CN1976944A - 雌激素受体调节剂 - Google Patents
雌激素受体调节剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1976944A CN1976944A CNA2005800219588A CN200580021958A CN1976944A CN 1976944 A CN1976944 A CN 1976944A CN A2005800219588 A CNA2005800219588 A CN A2005800219588A CN 200580021958 A CN200580021958 A CN 200580021958A CN 1976944 A CN1976944 A CN 1976944A
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Abstract
本发明涉及化合物及其衍生物、它们的合成和作为雌激素受体调节剂的用途。本发明的化合物是雌激素受体的配体,这样便可以用于治疗或预防各种与雌激素机能有关的疾病,其包括:骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病、热潮红、LDL胆固醇水平升高、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性、和癌症,特别是乳腺、子宫和前列腺癌。
Description
发明背景
天然存在和合成的雌激素具有广泛的治疗应用,其包括:缓解绝经期症状、治疗痤疮、治疗痛经和功能障碍性子宫出血、治疗骨质疏松、治疗多毛症、治疗前列腺癌、治疗热潮红和预防心血管病。由于雌激素是非常有治疗价值的,因此人们非常关注于发现在雌激素敏感组织中模拟雌激素样行为的化合物。
已经发现雌激素受体有两种形式:ERα和ERβ。配体与这两种形式的结合有所不同,并且每个形式结合配体的组织特异性有所不同。因此,有可能获得对ERα和ERβ具有选择性并由此赋予一定程度的针对特定配体的组织特异性的化合物。
本领域需要的是能与雌激素替代疗法产生相同的阳性反应但没有不良副作用的化合物。还需要对机体的不同组织发挥选择性作用的雌激素样化合物。
本发明的化合物是雌激素受体的配体,照此其可以用于治疗或预防与雌激素机能有关的各种病况,包括:骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病(uterine fibroid disease)、热潮红、LDL胆固醇水平增加、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、焦虑、由雌激素缺乏产生的抑郁、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性、和癌症,尤其是乳腺、子宫和前列腺癌。
发明概述
本发明涉及可用于治疗或预防与雌激素机能有关的各种病况的化合物和药物组合物。本发明的一个实施方案示例为用下式化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和立体异构体治疗或预防与雌激素有关的疾病:
发明详述
本发明涉及可用于治疗或预防与雌激素机能有关的各种病况的化合物和药物组合物。本发明的一个实施方案示例为下式化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和立体异构体:
其中当B和D是双键时R3是氢、卤素、CH2OH、C(1-3)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基,或者当A和C是双键时R3是CH2;
R1是氢、C(1-5)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基;
R2是氢、卤素、羟基、C(1-3)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基;
前提是,当R1是氢或甲基且R2是氢或羟基时,R3不是氢、甲基、氯或溴。
本发明的另一个实施方案示例为下式化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和立体异构体:
在所述实施方案的一个类别中,R3是氢、氯、氟、CH2OH或甲基;R1是氢、甲基、乙烯基或乙炔基;R2是氢、氟或甲基;前提是,当R1是氢或甲基且R2是氢时,R3不是氢、甲基、氯或溴。
在所述实施方案的一个类别中,R3是氢、氟、CH2OH或甲基;R1是氢或乙炔基;R2是氢或甲基;前提是,当R1是氢且R2是氢时,R3不是氢、甲基、氯或溴。
本发明的另一个实施方案示例为下式化合物及其药学上可接受的盐和立体异构体:
在所述实施方案的一个类别中,R1是氢、C(1-5)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基。在所述实施方案的一个子类中,R1是氢、甲基、乙烯基或乙炔基。在所述实施方案的另一个子类中,R1是氢或乙炔基。
在所述实施方案的一个类别中,R2是氢、卤素、羟基、C(1-3)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基。在所述实施方案的一个子类中,R2是氢、氟或甲基。在所述实施方案的另一个子类中,R2是氢或甲基。
本发明的非限制性实例包括但不限于:
3-亚甲基(methylidene)-17β-羟基-雄甾-4-烯;
3-甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-3,5-二烯;
3-亚甲基-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯;
3-甲基-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-3,5-二烯;
及其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的范围内还包括含有上述化合物和药学上可接受载体的药物组合物。本发明还意在包括含有药学上可接受的载体以及本申请具体公开的任意化合物的药物组合物。本发明还涉及制备本发明药物组合物的方法。本发明还涉及可用于制备本发明化合物和药物组合物的方法和中间体。从本文所含的教导中能明显地看出本发明的这些和其它方面。
应用
本发明的化合物是选择性的雌激素受体调节剂并因此能用于在哺乳动物(优选人类)中治疗或预防与雌激素受体机能有关的各种疾病和病况。
与雌激素受体机能有关的各种疾病和病况包括但不限于骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病、热潮红、LDL胆固醇水平增加、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、焦虑、由雌激素缺乏产生的抑郁、围绝经期抑郁、产后抑郁、经前期综合征、燥狂忧郁、焦虑、痴呆、强迫性行为(obsessive compulsive behavior)、注意力缺陷障碍、睡眠障碍、易激惹、冲动行为、愤怒管理(anger management)、多发性硬化和帕金森氏病、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性、和癌症,尤其是乳腺、子宫和前列腺癌。在应用本发明化合物治疗所述病况时,所需的治疗量将根据具体的疾病而变化,并能由本领域技术人员很容易地确定。尽管本发明的范围都考虑了治疗和预防,但是对这些病况的治疗是优选的用途。
本发明还涉及在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予本发明的化合物和药物组合物而引起雌激素受体调节作用的方法。
本发明还涉及在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予本发明的化合物和药物组合物而引起雌激素受体拮抗作用的方法。雌激素受体拮抗作用能是对ERα的拮抗作用、对ERβ的拮抗作用或对ERα和ERβ的混合拮抗作用。
本发明还涉及在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予本发明的化合物和药物组合物而引起雌激素受体激动作用的方法。雌激素受体激动作用能是对ERα的激动作用、对ERβ的激动作用或对ERα和ERβ的混合激动作用。本发明的优选方法是引起ERβ激动作用。
本发明还涉及在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予本发明的化合物和药物组合物治疗或预防与雌激素机能有关的疾病,骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病、热潮红、LDL胆固醇水平增加、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、焦虑、由雌激素缺乏产生的抑郁、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性、和癌症,尤其是乳腺、子宫和前列腺癌的方法。本发明的例子是治疗或预防抑郁的方法。本发明的例子是治疗或预防焦虑的方法。本发明的例子是治疗或预防热潮红的方法。本发明的例子是治疗或预防癌症的方法。本发明的例子是治疗或预防心血管病的方法。
本发明的一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予本发明的化合物和药物组合物来治疗或预防癌症,尤其是乳腺、子宫或前列腺癌的方法。使用SERMs治疗乳腺、子宫或前列腺癌在文献中是已知的,参见T.J.Powles,″Breast Cancer prevention″,Oncologist 2002;7(1):60-4;Park,W.C.和Jordan,V.C.,″Selective estrogen receptormodulators(SERMS)and their roles in breast cancer prevention″,Trends Mol Med.2002 Feb;8(2):82-8;Wolff,A.C.等,″Use of SERMsfor the adjuvant therpy of early-stage breast cancer″,Ann N Y Acad Sci.2001 Dec;949:80-8;Steiner,M.S.等,″Selective estrogen receptormodulators for the chemoprevention of prostate cancer″,Urology 2001April;57(4Suppl 1):68-72。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防转移性骨病的方法。使用SERMS治疗转移性骨病在文献中是已知的,参见Campisi,C等,″Complete resoultion of breast cancer bone metastasisthrough the use of beta-interferon and tamoxifen″,Eur J GynaecolOncol 1993;14(6):479-83。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防男子乳腺发育症的方法。使用SERMS治疗男子乳腺发育症在文献中是已知的,参见Ribeiro,G.和Swindell R.,″Adjuvant tamoxifen for male breastcancer″,Br J Cancer 1992;65:252-254;Donegan,W.,″Cancer of theMale Breast″,JGSM Vol.3,Issue 4,2000。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防绝经后骨质疏松、糖皮质激素骨质疏松、恶性高钙血症、骨丢失和骨折的方法。使用SERMs治疗或预防骨质疏松、恶性高钙血症、骨丢失或骨折在文献中是已知的,参见Jordan,V.C.等,″Selective estrogen receptormodulation and reduction in risk of breast cancer,osteoporosis andcoronary heart disease″,Natl Cancer Inst 2001 Oct;93(19):1449-57;Bjarnason,NH等,″Six and twelve month changes in bone turnover arerealted to reduction in vertebral fracture risk during 3 years ofraloxifene treatment in postemenopausal osteoporosis,″Osteoporosis Int2001;12(11):922-3;Fentiman I.S.,″Tamoxifen protects againststeroid-induced bone loss,″Eur J Cancer 28:684-685(1992);Rodan,G.A.等,″Therapeutic Approaches to Bone Diseases,″Science Vol 289,1Sept.2000。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防牙周病或牙丧失的方法。使用SERMs在哺乳动物中治疗牙周病或牙丧失在文献中是已知的,参见Rodan,G.A.等,″Therapeutic Approaches to BoneDiseases,″Science Vol 289,1 Sept.2000pp.1508-14。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防佩吉特氏病的方法。使用SERMs在哺乳动物中治疗佩吉特氏病在文献中是已知的,参见Rodan,G.A.等,″Therapeutic Approaches to BoneDiseases,″Science Vol 289,1 Sept.2000pp.1508-14。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防子宫平滑肌瘤病的方法。使用SERMs治疗子宫平滑肌瘤(uterine fibroid或者uterine leiomyomas),在文献中是已知的,参见Palomba,S.等,″Effects of raloxifene treatment on uterine leiomyomas inpostmenopausal women,″Fertil Steril.2001 Jul;76(1):38-43。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防肥胖的方法。使用SERMs治疗肥胖在文献中是已知的,参见Picard,F.等,″Effects of the estrogen antagonist EM-652.HCl on energy balance andlipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats,″Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord.2000 Jul;24(7):830-40。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防软骨退化、类风湿性关节炎或骨关节炎的方法。使用SERMs治疗软骨退化、类风湿性关节炎或骨关节炎在文献中是已知的,参见Badger,A.M.等,″Idoxifene,a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator,is effective ina rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis.″J Pharmacol Exp Ther.1999Dec;291(3):1380-6。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防子宫内膜异位的方法。使用SERMs治疗子宫内膜异位在本领域中是已知的,参见Steven R.Goldstein,″The Effect of SERMs on the Endometrium,″Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 949:237-242(2001)。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防尿失禁的方法。使用SERMs治疗尿失禁在本领域中是已知的,参见Goldstein,S.R.,″Raloxifene effect on frequency of surgery for pelvic floorrelaxation,″Obstet Gynecol.2001 Jul;98(1):91-6。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防心血管病、再狭窄、降低LDL胆固醇水平和抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖的方法。雌激素看来对胆固醇的生物合成和心血管健康有作用。从统计上说,心血管病的发生率在绝经后的女性和男性中大致相等;然而,绝经前女性的心血管病发病率比男性低很多。由于绝经后女性缺乏雌激素,因此据信雌激素在预防心血管病中发挥了有益作用。这个机理还不是很清楚,但是有证据表明雌激素上调肝中的低密度脂质(LDL)胆固醇受体以除去多余的胆固醇。使用SERMs治疗或预防心血管病、再狭窄、降低LDL胆固醇水平和抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖在本领域中是已知的,参见Nuttall,ME等,″Idoxifene:a novel selective estrogenreceptor modulator prevents bone loss and lowers cholesterol levels inovariectomized rats and decreases uterine weight in intact rats,″Endocrinology 1998 Dec;139(12):5224-34;Jordan,V.C.等,″Selectiveestrogen receptor modulation and reduction in risk of breast cancer,osteoporosis and coronary heart disease,″Natl Cancer Inst 2001 Oct;93(19):1449-57;Guzzo JA.,″Selective estrogen receptor modulators--a new age of estrogens in cardiovascular disease?,″Clin Cardiol 2000Jan;23(1):15-7;Simoncini T,Genazzani AR.,″Direct vascular effectsof estrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators,″Curr OpinObstet Gynecol 2000 Jun;12(3):181-7。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防认知机能缺损或大脑退化疾病的方法。在模型中,雌激素已经显示对认知机能具有有益的作用,例如缓解焦虑和抑郁以及治疗或预防阿尔茨海默氏病。雌激素通过提高胆碱能机能、神经营养因子和神经营养因子受体表达对中枢神经系统发挥作用。雌激素还能提高谷氨酸能(glutamergic)突触传递,改变淀粉样前体蛋白加工并提供神经保护。由此,本发明的雌激素受体调节剂能够有益地改善认知机能或治疗轻度认知缺损、注意力缺陷障碍、睡眠障碍、易激惹、冲动行为、愤怒管理、多发性硬化和帕金森氏病。参见Sawada,H和Shimohama,S,″Estrogens and Parkinson disease:novel approach forneuroprotection,″Endocrine.2003 Jun;21(1):77-9;McCullough LD,和Hum,PD,″Estrogen and ischemic neuroprotection:an integratedview,″Trends Endocrinol Metab.2003 Jul;14(5):228-35,在此将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。使用SERMs预防认知机能缺损在本领域中是已知的,参见Yaffe,K.,K.Krueger,S.Sarkar等,2001.Cognitivefunction in postmenopausal women treated with raloxifene.N.Eng.J.Med.344:1207-1213。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防抑郁的方法。使用雌激素来预防抑郁在本领域中已有记载,参见Carranza-Liram S.,Valentino-Figueroa ML,″Estrogen therapy for depression inpostmenopausal women.″Int J Gynnaecol Obstet 1999 Apr;65(1):35-8。具体为,雌激素受体β(ERβ)选择性激动剂,作为单独的药剂或与其它药剂联合,将可用于治疗焦虑或抑郁病症,包括抑郁、围绝经期抑郁、产后抑郁、经前期综合征、躁狂忧郁、焦虑、痴呆和强迫性行为。临床研究已经证明了天然雌激素——17β-雌二醇——用于治疗各种形式抑郁病症的功效,参见Schmidt PJ,Nieman L,Danaceau MA,Tobin MB,Roca CA,Murphy JH,Rubinow DR.″Estrogen replacementin perimenopause-related depression:a preliminary report.″Am JObstet Gynecol 183:414-20,2000;和Soares CN,Almeida OP,Joffe H,Cohen LS.″Efficacy of estradiol for the treatment of depressivedisorders in perimenopausal women:a double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial.″Arch Gen Psychiatry.58:537-8,2001;将其并入本文作为参考。Bethea等(Lu NZ,Shlaes TA,Gundlah C,DziennisSE,Lyle RE,Bethea CL.″Ovarin steroid action on tryptophanhydroxylase protein and serotonin compared to localization of ovariansteroid receptors in midbrain of guinea pigs.″Endocrine 11:257-67,1999,在此将其并入作为参考)已经建议,可能通过在背缝神经核中浓集的含5-羟色胺细胞中的5-羟色胺合成的调控而调解雌激素的抗抑郁活性。
本发明的另一个实施方案是在有需要的哺乳动物中通过给予哺乳动物治疗有效量的任何上述化合物或药物组合物来治疗或预防焦虑的方法。雌激素受体在调节情绪过程例如焦虑中的作用在本领域中已有记载,参见Krezel,W.等,″Increased anxiety and synaptic plasticity inestrogen receptor beta-deficient mice.″Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001Oct 9;98(21):12278-82。
本发明的另一个实施方案是治疗或预防炎症或炎性肠病的方法。炎性肠病,包括克隆氏病和溃疡性结肠炎,是其中肠(肠)发炎的慢性疾病,通常会引起复发的腹部痉挛和腹泻。使用雌激素受体调节剂治疗炎症和炎性肠病在本领域中已有记载,参见Harris,H.A.等,″Evaluation of an Estrogen Receptor-β Agonist in Animal Models ofHuman Disease,″Endocrinology,Vol.144,No.10,4241-4249。
本发明的另一个实施方案是治疗或预防高血压的方法。已经报道雌激素受体β在调节血管功能和血压方面发挥作用,参见Zhu等,″Abnormal Vacular Function and Hypertension in Mice Deficient inEstrogen Receptorβ,″Science,Vol 295,Issue 5554,505-508,18 January2002。
本发明的另一个实施方案是治疗或预防雄性或雌性的性功能障碍的方法。使用雌激素受体调节剂治疗性功能障碍在本领域中已有记载,参见Baulieu,E.等,″Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA),DHEAsulfate,and aging:Contribution of the DHEAge Study to ascociobiomedical issue,″PNAS,April 11,2000,Vol.97,No.8,4279-4282;Spark,Richard F.,″Dehydroepiandrosterone:a springboardhormone for female sexuality,″Fertility and Sterility,Vol.77,No.4,Suppl 4,April 2002,S19-25。
本发明的另一个实施方案是治疗或预防视网膜变性的方法。雌激素已经显示出对降低后期型年龄相关黄斑病的危险性具有有益作用,参见Snow,K.K.等,″Association between reproductive and hormonalfactors and age-related maculopathy in postmenopausal women,″Americal Journal of Ophthalmology,Vol.134,Issue 6,December 2002,pp.842-48。
本发明的例子是任意上述化合物在制备用于在有需要的哺乳动物中治疗或预防骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病、热潮红、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、焦虑、围绝经期抑郁、产后抑郁、经前期综合征、燥狂忧郁、焦虑、痴呆、强迫性行为、注意力缺陷障碍、睡眠障碍、易激惹、冲动行为、愤怒管理、多发性硬化和帕金森氏病、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性或雌激素依赖性癌症的药物中的用途。
本发明的化合物,可以单独,或优选在药物组合物中与药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂,任选与已知辅剂例如明矾结合,根据标准的药学实践,给予哺乳动物,优选人。所述化合物能口服给予或经胃肠外给予,包括静脉内、肌肉内、腹膜内、皮下、直肠和局部途径给予。
在用于口服的片剂情况中,通常使用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉,通常加入润滑剂例如硬脂酸镁。对胶囊形式的口服给药来说,可用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干燥的玉米淀粉。对根据本发明的治疗化合物的口服使用来说,被选化合物可以以例如片剂或胶囊的形式,或作为水溶液或悬浮液而被给予。对片剂或胶囊形式的口服给药来说,活性药物组分能与口服无毒药学上可接受的惰性载体例如乳糖、淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甲基纤维素、硬脂酸镁、磷酸二钙、硫酸钙、甘露醇、山梨醇等结合;对液体形式的口服给药来说,口服药物组分能与任何口服无毒药学上可接受的惰性载体例如乙醇、甘油、水等结合。此外,当期望或必要时,还能在混合物中并入适宜的粘合剂、润滑剂、崩解剂和着色剂。适宜的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖例如葡萄糖或β-乳糖、玉米甜味剂、天然和合成的树胶例如阿拉伯胶、西黄著胶或海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡等。这些剂型中使用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂包括但不限于淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。当要求水悬浮液进行口服使用时,将活性成分与乳化剂和悬浮剂结合。如果希望的话,可以加入某些甜味剂或矫味剂。对肌肉内、腹膜内、皮下和静脉内使用来说,通常制备活性成分的无菌溶液,该溶液的pH应该进行适当地调节和缓冲。对静脉内使用来说,应该控制溶质的总浓度以便使制剂等渗。
本发明的化合物还能以脂质体递送系统的形式例如小单层囊泡、大单层囊泡和多层囊泡的形式给予。脂质体能由各种磷脂例如胆固醇、硬脂酰胺或磷脂酰胆碱形成。
本发明的化合物还可以通过使用偶联了所述化合物分子的单克隆抗体作为单个载体进行递送。本发明的化合物还可以与作为可寻靶药物载体的可溶性聚合物偶联。这样的聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰胺-苯酚、聚羟基-乙基天冬酰胺-苯酚、或被棕榈酰基取代的聚氧化乙烯-聚赖氨酸。此外,本发明的化合物可以与一类可用于实现药物控释的可生物降解的聚合物偶联,例如聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸和聚乙醇酸的共聚物、聚ε己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚缩醛、聚二氢吡喃类、聚氰基丙烯酸酯、和水凝胶的交联或两亲性嵌段共聚物。
本发明的化合物还能用于与已知可用于治疗或预防以下疾病的药剂组合:骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病、热潮红、LDL胆固醇水平增加、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、焦虑、由雌激素缺乏产生的抑郁、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性、和癌症,尤其是乳腺、子宫和前列腺癌。本发明公开的化合物与其它可用于治疗或预防在此公开疾病的药剂的组合在本发明的范围内。本领域普通技术人员基于药物的具体特性和有关疾病将能够洞悉,哪种药剂组合将是有用的。这种药剂包括以下物质:有机双膦酸盐(phosphonate)、组织蛋白酶K抑制剂、雌激素或雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、破骨细胞质子ATP酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、整联蛋白受体拮抗剂、成骨细胞合成代谢剂例如PTH、降钙素、维生素D或合成的维生素D类似物、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)、芳香酶抑制剂,及其药学上可接受的盐和混合物。优选的组合是本发明化合物和有机双膦酸盐。另一个优选的组合是本发明化合物和组织蛋白酶K抑制剂。另一个优选的组合是本发明化合物和雌激素。另一个优选的组合是本发明化合物和雄激素受体调节剂。另一个优选的组合物是本发明化合物和成骨细胞合成代谢剂。
“有机双膦酸盐”包括但不限于具有以下化学式的化合物:
其中n是0到7的整数,其中A和X独立地选自H、OH、卤素、NH2、SH、苯基、C1-30烷基、C3-30支链或环烷基、包含两个或三个N的双环结构、C1-30取代烷基、C1-10烷基取代的NH2、C3-10支链或环烷基取代的NH2、C1-10二烷基取代的NH2、C1-10烷氧基、C1-10烷基取代的硫基、苯硫基(thiophenyl)、卤代苯硫基、C1-10烷基取代的苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、吡咯烷基、咪唑基、咪唑并吡啶基、和苄基,从而当n是0时A和X都不选自H或OH;或者A和X与它们所连接的碳原子(们)一起形成C3-10环。
在上述化学式中,烷基能是直链、支链或环状的,条件是为该化学式选择了足够的原子。C1-30取代烷基可包括各种取代基,非限制性实例包括选自以下的那些取代基:苯基、吡啶基、呋喃基、吡咯烷基、imidazonyl、NH2、C1-10烷基或二烷基取代的NH2、OH、SH和C1-10烷氧基。
上述化学式还意在包括复杂碳环、芳香和杂原子结构用作A或X的取代基,非限制性实例包括萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、金刚烷基和氯苯硫基。
双膦酸盐的药学上可接受的盐和衍生物在此也是有用的。盐的非限制性实例包括选自以下的物质:碱金属、碱土金属(alkaline metal)、铵和单-、二-、三-或四-C1-30烷基取代的铵。优选的盐是选自钠、钾、钙、镁和铵盐的那些。更优选的是钠盐。衍生物的非限制性实例包括选自以下的那些:酯、水合物以及酰胺。
应该指出,本文使用的涉及本发明治疗剂的术语“双膦酸盐”意味着还包含二膦酸盐(diphosphonates)、biphosphonic acids和二膦酸(diphosphonic acids),以及这些物质的盐和衍生物。涉及双膦酸盐的具体命名的使用并不意味着限制本发明的范围,除非另有指明。
双膦酸盐的非限制性实例包括阿仑膦酸盐、cimadronate、氯膦酸盐、依替膦酸盐、伊班膦酸盐、伊卡膦酸盐、米诺膦酸盐、奈立膦酸盐、奥帕膦酸盐、帕米膦酸盐、吡膦酸盐、利塞膦酸盐、替鲁膦酸盐和唑来膦酸盐,及其药学上可接受的盐和酯。特别优选的双膦酸盐是阿仑膦酸盐,尤其是阿仑膦酸的钠、钾、钙、镁或铵盐。优选的双膦酸盐的例子是阿仑膦酸的钠盐,尤其是水合阿仑膦酸钠盐。该盐能被整摩尔数的水或非整摩尔数的水水合。优选的双膦酸盐的另一例子是水合阿仑膦酸钠盐,尤其是当水合盐为阿仑膦酸一钠三水合物时。
有机双膦酸盐化合物的精确剂量将随给药方案,所选的特定双膦酸盐,哺乳动物或人的年龄、尺寸、性别和健康状况,受治疾病的性质和严重程度,以及其它相关的医学和物理因素而变化。对于人,双膦酸盐的有效口服剂量一般为约1.5到约6000μg/kg体重,优选约10到约2000μg/kg体重。在另一个给药方案中,双膦酸盐能以除每日给药以外的时间间隔给予,例如每周给药一次、每周给药两次、每两周给药一次和每月给药两次。在每周给药一次的方案中,阿仑膦酸一钠三水合物将以35mg/周或70mg/周的剂量给予。双膦酸盐还可以每月、每六个月、每年或甚至更低的频率给予,参见WO01/97788(公开于2001年12月27日)和WO 01/89494(公开于2001年11月29日)。
“雌激素”包括但不限于天然存在的雌激素[7-雌二醇(E2)、雌酮(E1)和雌三醇(E3)],合成结合型(conjugated)雌激素,口服避孕药和硫酸化雌激素。参见Gruber CJ,Tschugguel W,Schneeberger C,Huber JC.,″Production and actions of estrogens″N Engl J Med 2002 Jan 31;346(5):340-52。
“雌激素受体调节剂”指的是干扰或抑制雌激素与受体结合的化合物,不管机理如何。雌激素受体调节剂的实例包括但不限于雌激素、孕激素、雌二醇、屈洛昔芬、雷洛昔芬、拉索昔芬、TSE-424、他莫昔芬、艾多昔芬、LY353381、LY117081、托瑞米芬、氟维司群、4-[7-(2,2-二甲基-1-氧代丙氧基-4-甲基-2-[4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-基]-苯基-2,2-二甲基丙酸酯、4,4′-二羟基二苯甲酮-2,4-二硝基苯基-腙和SH646。
“组织蛋白酶K抑制剂”指的是能干扰半胱氨酸蛋白酶——组织蛋白酶K活性的化合物。组织蛋白酶K抑制剂的非限制性实例能在以下文献中找到:PCT公开WO00/55126(Axys Pharmaceuticals)和WO 01/49288(Merck Frosst Canada & Co.和AxysPharmaceuticals)。
“雄激素受体调节剂”指的是能干扰或抑制雄激素与受体结合的化合物,不论机理如何。雄激素受体调节剂的实例包括非那雄胺和其它的5α-还原酶抑制剂、尼鲁米特、氟他胺、比卡鲁胺、利阿唑和乙酸阿比特龙。
“破骨细胞质子ATP酶抑制剂”指的是质子ATP酶的抑制剂,质子ATP酶能在破骨细胞的顶膜上找到,并且已经报道其在骨吸收过程中发挥了显著作用。这个质子泵代表用于设计能潜在地用于治疗和预防骨质疏松和相关代谢疾病的骨吸收抑制剂的引人注目的靶标。参见C.Farina等,″Selective inhibitors of the osteoclast vacuolar protonATPase as novel bone antiresorptive agents,″DDT,4:163-172(1999),在此将其全文并入本文作为参考。
“HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂”指的是3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰-CoA还原酶的抑制剂。对HMG-CoA还原酶具有抑制活性的化合物能通过使用本领域熟知的测定法容易地鉴别。例如,参见美国专利4,231,938第6栏,和WO 84/02131第30-33页记载或引述的测定法。术语“HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂”和“HMG-CoA还原酶的抑制剂”在本文使用时具有相同的含义。
可以使用的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于洛伐他汀(MEVACOR;参见美国专利4,231,938、4,294,926和4,319,039)、辛伐他汀(ZOCOR;参见美国专利4,444,784、4,820,850和4,916,239)、普伐他汀(PRAVACHOL;参见美国专利4,346,227、4,537,859、4,410,629、5,030,447和5,180,589)、氟伐他汀(LESCOL参见美国专利5,354,772、4,911,165、4,929,437、5,189,164、5,118,853、5,290,946和5,356,896)、阿托伐他汀(LIPITOR;参见美国专利5,273,995、4,681,893、5,489,691和5,342,952)和西立伐他汀(也称为rivastatin和BAYCHOL,参见美国专利5,177,080)。可用在本发明方法中的这些和其它HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的结构式记载于M.Yalpani,″Cholesterol Lowering Drugs″,Chemistry & Industry,第85-89页(1996年2月5日)第87页和美国专利4,782,084和4,885,314中。本文使用的术语HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂包括具有HMG-CoA还原酶抑制活性的化合物所有药学上可接受的内酯和开环酸的形式(即其中的内酯环是开放的以形成游离酸)以及盐和酯的形式,因此这种盐、酯、开环酸和内酯形式的使用都包括在本发明的范围内。以下的结构I和II显示了对内酯部分和其相应开环酸形式的说明。
在其中能够存在开环酸形式的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂中,可以优选由开环酸形成盐和酯的形式,所有这些形式都包括在在此使用的术语“HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂”的含义内。优选的是,HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂选自洛伐他汀和辛伐他汀,最优选辛伐他汀。在此,关于HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的术语“药学上可接受的盐”应指的是用在本发明中的化合物的无毒盐,其通常通过将游离酸与适宜的有机或无机碱反应来制备,尤其是由阳离子例如钠、钾、铝、钙、锂、镁、锌和四甲基铵形成的那些,以及由胺例如氨、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、乌氨酸、胆碱、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、二乙醇胺、普鲁卡因、N-苄基苯乙胺、1-对氯苄基-2-吡咯烷-1′-基-甲基苯并咪唑、二乙胺、哌嗪和三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷形成的那些盐。HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的盐形式的其它实例可以包括但不限于乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、硼酸盐、溴化物、钙依地酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、氯化物、卡拉维酸钾、柠檬酸盐、二氢氯化物、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、丙酸酯月桂硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、对羟乙酰氨基苯胂酸盐(glycollylarsanilate)、hexylresorcinate、哈胺、氢溴酸盐、氢氯化物、羟基萘甲酸盐(hydroxynapthoate)、碘化物、羟乙磺酸盐(isothionate)、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、月桂酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、粘酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、扑酸盐、棕榈酸盐、panthothenate、磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、碱式乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、丹宁酸盐、酒石酸盐、8-氯茶碱盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三乙基碘化物和戊酸盐。
所记载的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂化合物的酯衍生物可以作为前药,当其被吸入温血动物的血流中时,可以以能释放药物形式并允许药物提供改进的治疗效果的方式断裂。
如以上所用,“整联蛋白受体拮抗剂”指的是能选择性拮抗、抑制或抵抗生理学配体与αvβ3整联蛋白结合的化合物,能选择性拮抗、抑制或抵抗生理学配体与αvβ5整联蛋白结合的化合物,能选择性拮抗、抑制或抵抗生理学配体与αvβ3整联蛋白和αvβ5整联蛋白结合的化合物,能选择性拮抗、抑制或抵抗毛细管上皮细胞表达的特定整联蛋白的活性的化合物。该术语还指αvβ6、αvβ8、α1β1、α2β1、α5β1、α6β1和α6β4整联蛋白的拮抗剂。该术语还指αvβ3、αvβ5、αvβ6、αvβ8、α1β1、α2β1、α5β1、α6β1和α6β4整联蛋白的任意组合的拮抗剂。PNAS USA 96:1591-1596(1999)中H.N.Lode及同事已经观察到抗生血管αv整联蛋白拮抗剂和肿瘤特异性抗体-细胞因子(白介素-2)融合蛋白在根除自发性肿瘤转移酶中有协同效果。他们的结果暗示,这种组合能潜在治疗癌症和转移瘤的生长。αvβ3整联蛋白受体拮抗剂能通过新颖的不同于所有目前所用药物的机制来抑制骨吸收。整联蛋白是杂二聚跨膜粘着受体,其介导细胞-细胞和细胞-基质间的相互作用。α和β整联蛋白的亚单元间非共价地相互作用并以依赖二价阳离子的方式与细胞外基质配体结合。破骨细胞上最多的整联蛋白是αvβ3(>107/破骨细胞),其似乎在细胞骨架的组建中发挥了限速作用,这对细胞的迁移和极化很重要。拮抗αvβ3的作用选自抑制骨吸收、抑制再狭窄、抑制黄斑变性、抑制关节炎和抑制癌症及转移生长。
“成骨细胞合成代谢剂”指的是能构建骨的药剂,例如PTH。间歇给予甲状旁腺素(PTH)或其氨基端片段和类似物已经显示能在动物和人中预防、阻止、部分逆转骨丢失并刺激骨形成。对此的讨论参见D.W.Dempster等″Anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone onbone,″Endocr Rev 14:690-709(1993)。研究已经证明,甲状旁腺素对刺激骨形成有临床益处并能由此提高骨的质量和强度。结果由RMNeer等在New Eng J Med 344 1434-1441(2001)中报道。
另外,与甲状旁腺素有关的蛋白片段或类似物,例如PTHrP-(1-36)已经被证明有强抗钙尿作用[参见M.A.Syed等″Parathyroidhormone-related protein-(1-36)stimulates renal tubular calciumreabsorption in normal human volunteers:implications for thepathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy,″JCEM 86:1525-1531(2001)]并还可以作为合成代谢剂用于治疗骨质疏松。
降钙素是主要通过甲状腺产生的32个氨基酸的肽,已知其能参与钙和磷的代谢。降钙素能通过抑制破骨细胞的活性来抑制骨吸收。由此,降钙素能使成骨细胞更有效地工作并构建骨。
“维生素D”包括但不限于维生素D3(胆钙化醇)和维生素D2(麦角钙化醇),它们是维生素D的羟基化生物学活性代谢物的天然存在的、生物学失活前体:1α-羟基维生素D、25-羟基维生素D和1α,25-二羟基维生素D。维生素D2和D3在人中具有相同的生物功效。当维生素D2或D3进入循环时,其被细胞色素P450-维生素D-25-羟化酶羟基化,得到25-羟基维生素D。25-羟基维生素D代谢物是生物惰性的,它在肾中通过细胞色素P450-单氧合酶、25(OH)D-1α-羟化酶进一步羟化得到1,25-二羟基维生素D。当血清钙减少时,甲状旁腺素(PTH)的生成就增加,其能调节钙的体内平衡并通过增加25-羟基维生素D向1,25-二羟基维生素D的转化而增加血浆钙的水平。
1,25-二羟基维生素D被认为是维生素D对钙和骨代谢发挥作用的原因。1,25-二羟基代谢物是保持钙吸收和骨胳完整性所需的活性激素。钙的体内平衡由1,25-二羟基维生素D通过降低单核干细胞分化成破骨细胞并通过将钙保持在正常范围内来维持,这通过钙羟磷灰石在骨表面的沉积而致使骨矿化,参见Holick,MF,“Vitamin D photobiology,metabolism,and clinical applications”,于DeGroot L,Besser H,BurgerHG等编辑,Endocrinology,3rd ed.,990-1013(1995)中。然而,提高的1α,25-二羟基维生素D3水平能致使血中钙浓度增加和骨代谢对钙浓度的异常控制,以致导致高钙血症。1α,25-二羟基维生素D3还能间接调节骨代谢中破骨细胞的活性,而且提高的水平可以预期能增加骨质疏松中过度的骨吸收。
“合成的维生素D类似物”包括作用类似维生素D的非天然存在的化合物。
选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂通过增加脑中5-羟色胺的数量而发挥作用。SSRIs已经在美国成功使用了十年用以治疗抑郁。SSRIs的非限制性实例包括氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、西酞普兰和氟伏沙明。SSRIs也能用于治疗与雌激素机能有关的疾病,例如经前期综合征和经前期变形(dysmorphic)疾病。参见Sundstrom-Poromaa I,Bixo M,BjornI,Nordh O.,″Compliance to antidepressant drug therapy for treatmentof premenstrual syndrome,″J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2000 Dec;21(4):205-11。
本文使用的术语“芳香酶抑制剂”包括能抑制芳香酶的化合物,例如可商购的抑制剂如:aminoglutemide(CYTANDREN)、阿那曲唑(ARIMIDEX)、来曲唑(FEMARA)、福美坦(LENATRON)、依西美坦(AROMASIN)、阿他美坦(1-甲基雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮)、法倔唑(4-(5,6,7,8-四氢咪唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-5-基)-苄腈,单氢氯化物)、芬罗唑(4-(3-(4-氟苯基)-2-羟基-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-丙基)-苄腈)、伏氯唑(6-[(4-氯苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基]-1-甲基-1H-苯并三唑)、YM-511(4-[N-(4-溴苄基)-N-(4-氰基苯基)氨基]-4H-1,2,4-三唑)等。
如果配制成固定剂量,则这种组合产品使用在以下记载的剂量范围内的本发明化合物和在其被认可剂量范围内的其它药学活性剂。当组合制剂是不合适的时侯,本发明的化合物还可以与已知的药学上可接受的药剂相继使用。
有关本发明化合物的术语“给药”及其变体(例如“给予”化合物)的意思是将化合物或化合物的前药引入需要治疗的动物系统中。当本发明的化合物或其前药以与一个或多个其它的活性剂(例如双膦酸盐化合物等)组合的形式提供时,“给药”及其变体都可以被理解为包括同时和相继引入化合物或其前药以及其它药剂。在本发明范围内包括本发明化合物的前药。通常,这种前药将是本发明化合物的官能衍生物,其在体内可转变为所需的化合物。这样,在本发明的治疗方法中,术语“给药”将包括,用具体公开的化合物或可以是为具体公开但是其能在给予患者后于体内转化为所述具体化合物的化合物治疗所述的各种疾病。用于选择和制备适宜的前药衍生物的常规方法记载于例如″Design of Prodrugs,″H.Bundgaard编辑,Elsevier,1985中,在此将其全文并入作为参考。这些化合物的代谢物包括在将本发明的化合物引入生物环境后产生的活性物质。
本发明还包括药物组合物,其可用于治疗在此所提及疾病,包括在有或没有药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂情况下给予治疗有效量的本发明化合物。本发明的适宜组合物包括含有本发明化合物和药理学上可接受载体例如盐水(pH在一定水平上,例如为7.4)的水溶液。溶液可以通过局部弹丸注射(bolus injection)而被引入到患者的血流中。
当根据本发明的化合物被给予到人受试者中时,日剂量将通常由开处方医师确定,剂量一般根据患者个体的年龄、体重和反应以及患者症状的严重程度而变化。
在一个示例性应用中,将适宜量的化合物给予到接受治疗的哺乳动物中。当用于所指示的作用时,本发明的口服剂量将为约0.01mg每千克体重每天(mg/kg/天)到约100mg/kg/天,优选0.01到10mg/kg/天,最优选0.1到5.0mg/kg/天。对口服给药来说,组合物优选以片剂的形式被提供,其中片剂包含0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、15.0、25.0、50.0、100和500毫克的活性成分,用于依症状调节给予受治患者的剂量。药物一般包含约0.01mg到约500mg的活性成分,优选约1mg到约100mg活性成分。对于静脉注射,在恒速输注期间,最优选的剂量将为约0.1到约10mg/kg/分钟。有利地,本发明的化合物可以以每日一次的剂量给予,或者是可以将总的日剂量分为每日两次、三次或四次的分剂量给予。此外,本发明的优选化合物可以以鼻内形式通过局部使用适宜的鼻内介质给予,或通过透皮途径使用那些本领域普通技术人员熟知的透皮贴剂形式而给予。对于以透皮递送系统的形式进行的给药来说,剂量给药在整个给药方案中当然将是连续的而不是间歇的。
本发明的化合物能与其它可用于治疗雌激素介导的病况的药剂组合使用。这种组合的各个组分能在治疗期间以不同的时间分别给予或以分开的形式或单一组合的形式同时给予。因此本发明能被理解为包含所有这种同时或交替治疗的方案,而且术语“给予”也能相应地进行解释。应理解,本发明化合物与其它可用于治疗由组织蛋白酶介导的病况的药剂组合的范围原则上包括与可用于治疗与雌激素机能有关的疾病的任意药物组合物的任意组合。
因此本发明的范围包括使用与第二药剂组合的本发明化合物,其中第二药剂选自:有机双膦酸盐、组织蛋白酶K抑制剂、雌激素、雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、破骨细胞质子ATP酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、整联蛋白受体拮抗剂、成骨细胞合成代谢剂、降钙素、维生素D、合成的维生素D类似物、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、芳香酶抑制剂及它们的药学上可接受的盐和混合物。
本发明的这些和其它方面将能从在此包含的教导中明显地看出。
定义
本文使用的术语“组合物”意在包括包含指定量的指定成分的产品,以及直接或间接由指定量的指定成分的组合产生的任意产品。
本文使用的术语“治疗有效量”指的是能在组织、系统、动物或人中引起生物或药物反应的活性化合物或药剂的量,其将由研究员、兽医、医生或其它临床人员找出。
本文使用的术语“治疗”疾病或对疾病的“治疗”包括:预防疾病,即,使得在可为患病的或易患病但还没有经历或显示出疾病症状的哺乳动物中疾病临床症状不发展;抑制疾病,即,阻止或降低疾病或其临床症状的发展;或缓解疾病,即,使得疾病或其临床症状消退。
本文使用的术语“骨吸收”指的是破骨细胞降解骨的过程。
术语“烷基”将指取代性的一价基团,其来自直链或支链无环饱和烃的一个氢原子在概念上的离去(例如CH3、-CH2CH3、-CH2CH2CH3、-CH(CH3)2、-CH2CH2CH2CH3、-CH2CH(CH3)2、-C(CH3)3等)。
术语“烯基”将指取代性的一价基团,其来自直链或支链无环不饱和烃的一个氢原子在概念上的离去(例如-CH=CH2、-CH=CHCH3、-C=C(CH3)2、-CH2CH=CH2等)。
术语“炔基”将指取代性的一价基团,其来自包含碳-碳三键的直链或支链无环不饱和烃的一个氢原子在概念上的离去(例如-C≡CH、-C≡CCH3、-C≡CCH(CH3)2、-CH2C≡CH等)。
术语“卤素”将包括碘、溴、氯和氟。
术语“取代”将被认为包括指定取代基的多重取代度。当公开或主张多个取代基部分时,被取代的化合物能独立地被一个或多个公开或主张权利的取代基部分单独或多次取代。就独立取代来说,其指的是(两个或多个)取代基能是相同或不同的。
本发明还包括在此公开的化合物的被保护衍生物。例如,当本发明化合物包含羟基或羰基等基团时,这些基团能被适宜的保护基保护。在T.W.Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,JohnWiley & Sons,Inc.1981中能找到适宜保护基团的详尽列表,在此将其公开的内容全文并入作为参考。本发明化合物的被保护衍生物能通过本领域熟知的方法制备。
本发明的化合物可以具有不对称中心、手性轴和手性平面(如E.L.Eliel和S.H.Wilen,Stereo-chemistry of Carbon Compounds,JohnWiley & Sons,New York,1994,1119-1190页所述),并以外消旋物、外消旋混合物和作为单个非对映异构体存在,在本发明内包括所有可能的异构体及其混合物,包括光学异构体。此外,本文公开的化合物可以以互变异构体的形式存在,且两个互变异构体的形式包括在本发明的范围内,即使仅描述了一个互变异构体结构。例如,对以下化合物A的任意主张都被理解为包括互变异构结构B,反之亦然,还有其混合物。
当任何变量(例如R1、R2、R3等)在任何构件中出现不止一次时,在每次出现时其定义都独立于其它次出现时的定义。还有,仅当取代基和变量的组合能产生稳定化合物,才允许这样的取代基和变量的组合。从取代基划入环系统的线指的是所指出的键可以加在任意的可取代环碳原子上。如果环系统是多环的,那么其指的是键仅可以加在邻近环的适宜碳原子上。
可以理解的是,本发明化合物的取代基和取代型式能由本领域普通技术人员进行选择以提供具有化学稳定性并能由易于得到的起始原料由本领域已知的技术以及下述方法容易地合成的化合物。如果取代基自身被不止一个基团取代时,可以理解的是,这些多重基团可以在相同的碳原子上或不同的碳原子上,只要能得到稳定的结构就行。短语“任选被一个或多个取代基取代”应等价于短语“任选被至少一个取代基取代”,在这种情况下,优选的实施方案将具有零到三个取代基。
在选择本发明的化合物时,本领域普通技术人员将能认识到,不同的取代基如R1、R2和R3要遵循化学结构连接性的已知原理进行选择。
本发明有代表性的化合物典型地对α和/或β雌激素受体显示亚微摩尔的亲合力,优选激动β雌激素受体。因此本发明的化合物能用于治疗患有与雌激素机能有关的疾病的哺乳动物。
本发明的化合物能以外消旋的形式或单个对映体形式获得。为方便起见,一些结构以单个对映体图示,但是这些结构意在包括外消旋形式和对映体纯的形式,除非另有指明。当本发明的化合物被指示顺式和反式立体化学时,应注意,该立体化学将被解释为相对性的,除非另有指明。例如,(+)或(-)的指定将被解释为表示具有所示绝对立体化学的所指化合物。
外消旋混合物能通过众多常规方法中的任意一种被分离为单个对映体。这些包括但不限于手性色谱法、用手性辅助物衍生化,然后经色谱或结晶分离,以及非对映异构体盐的分步结晶。也可以使用去外消旋的步骤例如前手性中间体阴离子的对映体质子化等。
本发明的化合物能与其它可用于治疗由雌激素介导的病况的药剂组合使用。这种组合的每个阻分能在治疗期间以不同的时间分别给予或以分开的形式或单一组合的形式同时给予。因此本发明应被理解为包括所有这种同时或交替治疗的方案,而且术语“给予”也相应地进行解释。应理解,本发明化合物与其它可用于治疗由雌激素介导的病况的药剂组合的范围原则上包括与可用于治疗与雌激素机能有关的疾病的任意药物组合物的任意组合。
使用本发明化合物的给药方案根据多种因素进行选择,这包括患者的类型、物种、年龄、体重、性别和医学状况;受治病况的严重程度;给药途径;患者的肾和肝功能;以及所用的特定化合物或其盐。普通技术医师、兽医或临床人员能容易地确定和开具预防、抗击或阻止病况发展所需的药物有效量。
在本发明的方法中,在此详细记载的化合物能形成活性成分,并与根据目标给药形式即口服片剂、胶囊、酏剂、糖浆剂等适当选择的并符合常规药学实践的适宜的药学稀释剂、赋形剂或载体(在此统称为“载体”物质)混合后给药。
本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐包括由无机或有机酸形成的本发明化合物的常规无毒盐。例如常规的无毒盐包括源自无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等的盐,以及由有机酸例如乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗环血酸、双羟萘酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、对氨基苯磺酸、2-乙酰氧基-苯甲酸、富马酸、甲苯磺酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷二磺酸、草酸、羟乙磺酸、三氟乙酸等制备的盐。Berg等,″Pharmaceutical Salts,″J.Pharm.Sci.,1977:66:1-19中更全面地记载了以上描述的药学上可接受的盐和其它典型的药学上可接受盐的制备,在此将其并入作为参考。本发明化合物的药学上可接受的盐能由包含酸性或碱性部分的本发明化合物经常规的化学方法合成。通常,碱性化合物的盐能通过离子交换色谱制备或通过将游离碱与化学计量或过量的所期望的成盐无机或有机酸在适宜的溶剂或各种溶剂组合中反应来制备。类似地,酸性化合物的盐通过与适宜的无机或有机碱反应来形成。
本发明的化合物能根据以下的一般方案使用适宜的物质来制备,并能通过随后的具体实施例进一步地举例说明。然而,实施例中例举的化合物并不被解释为构成了被认作本发明的仅有物质。本领域技术人员将很容易地理解,以下制备步骤中的条件和方法的各种已知变型能用于制备这些化合物。所有的温度均为摄氏度,除非另有指明。
尽管本发明的化合物能通过全合成来制备,但是一般更实际的是对可商购的类固醇类进行修饰。脱氢表雄酮和雄甾烯二醇是特别合适的起始原料,尽管也可以使用其他可商购的类固醇。
C-19上的官能化能通过本领域技术人员已知的许多方法来完成。一个合适的方法,其在以下流程图中有说明,使用雄甾烯二醇的5,6-烯烃作为在C-19上进行氧化的一种手段。雄甾烯二醇的C-3和C-17羟基首先使用本领域技术人员所熟知的标准步骤被保护成乙酸酯、甲硅烷基醚、THP醚或其它适宜的保护基。在一些情况下,需要对这些羟基区别保护,以便一个或其它的羟基能被选择性暴露用于进一步的衍生化。这可以通过对双保护中间体进行选择性脱保护或对未被保护的二醇进行选择性单保护来实现。5,6-烯烃的官能化通过在存在含水的酸例如高氯酸等的情况下,用溴源例如N-溴代乙酰胺、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺等处理被保护的二醇中间体来完成。这个反应的产物具有位于甾核C-6上的轴式羟基,其作为对C-19甲基进行氧化的一种手段。可以完成这个过程的一个方法是在烃类溶剂例如环己烷中对醇、碘苯二乙酸酯(iodobenzene diacetate)和碘的混合物进行光解。得到的环醚用活化的锌粉还原则重新生成了5,6-双键并提供了19-羟基甾族化合物。19-羟基甾族化合物能通过本领域技术人员熟知的各种氧化方法而被氧化成关键的醛中间体A。完成这个转化的一个有用的方法涉及将醇与过钌酸四丙基铵(TPAP)和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物(NMO)在溶剂例如二氯甲烷或氯仿等中在存在分子筛的情况下进行反应。这个醛能作为底物用于在C-19上引入烷基取代基,其通过将中间体A与碳亲核试剂如格氏试剂或烷基锂试剂的反应而引入,这是本领域技术人员公知的,由此提供关键的中间体B。对B进行脱氧以提供中间体C,如后面的流程图所示,中间体C能被转化成终产物。或者是,可通过对醛A进行烯化继之以所得烯烃的选择性氢化而在C-19上引入烷基取代基。
C-3(R3)上的碳取代基可以按以下流程图的说明而引入。对C进行选择性脱保护来提供中间体D。使用本领域技术人员熟知的众多可用氧化试剂之一对中间体D的3-羟基进行氧化以提供酮中间体E。Oppenauer氧化对这个转化来说是特别有用的。随后中间体E与碳亲核试剂(R3M)如格氏试剂、烷基锂试剂或其它有机金属试剂在适宜的溶剂如四氢呋喃(THF)或醚等中于-78℃到室温的温度范围内进行的反应,在C-3上引入了碳取代基。最初形成的加合物F可以在一些情况下自发地脱水形成3,5二烯中间体G。在其它情况下,需要用酸例如盐酸、甲苯磺酸、三氟乙酸等在适宜的溶剂中如乙醇、四氢呋喃等在室温到回流的温度范围内对加合物F进行处理以完成向中间体G的转化。在一些实例中,已经发现,脱水能在甾环外进行以提供3-亚烷基(alkylidene)-4-烯;在这些情况下,酸处理使外部双键异构化形成更为稳定的3,5二烯体系。注意,如果希望的话,可以通过使用本领域技术人员熟知的众多烯化反应之一例如Wittig、Peterson或Tebbe反应对酮中间体E进行烯化来制备3-亚烷基-4-烯类似物。这种3-亚烷基-4-烯类似物可以通过小心地进行脱保护而转化为终产物。在更剧烈的条件下,3-亚烷基-4-烯类似物能被异构化为更为稳定的3-烷基-3,5-二烯。如以下流程图2所示,使用针对保护基团P的适宜条件对中间体G进行脱保护,得到终产物。
如以下流程图3所示,可以通过对先前流程图2产物(H)的进一步反应在C-17上引入碳取代基(R17)。使用本领域技术人员熟知的众多氧化试剂之一对C-17羟基进行氧化以提供酮中间体I。C-17酮与适宜的碳亲核试剂(R17M)例如格氏试剂或烷基锂试剂进行的反应提供了C-17取代的类似物J。
实施例
实施例1
3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇二乙酸酯
步骤1. 3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇:
将硼氢化钠(3.28g,0.0867mol)分四等份(约隔2分钟)加入到脱氢表雄酮(25.0g,0.0867mol)的甲醇(870mL)冷(0℃)溶液中。除去冰水浴并在室温下搅拌该混浊的白色混合物90分钟。在冰浴中冷却反应混合物,同时逐滴加入2N HCl(173mL,0.346mol)。在真空下将得到的混合物浓缩为潮湿的白色固体。加入水(500mL)并对混合物进行超声和过滤。用水(100mL)洗涤收集到的固体并在真空干燥器中干燥过夜得到呈白色固体的标题化合物。
步骤2. 3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇二乙酸酯:
将乙酸酐(19.5mL,0.2mol)加入到3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇(15.0g,0.05165mol)的吡啶(200mL)溶液中(注意:该加入是轻度放热的),然后加入4-二甲氨基-吡啶(0.63g,0.00516mol)。在室温下搅拌得到的黄色溶液5.5小时,然后在真空下除去大部分溶剂。在乙酸乙酯(450mL)和1N HCl(450mL)中分配残留的黄-白色淤渣。有机层用5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液(200mL)洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤,并在真空下浓缩得到灰白色的固体。在己烷(500mL)中对这个粗产物进行重结晶得到白色结晶固体状的标题化合物。对来自重结晶的母液进行浓缩得到灰白色的固体,其能被重结晶而得到另一批产物。
实施例2
19-氧代-3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇二乙酸酯
步骤1. 5α-溴-6β-羟基-3β,17β-雄甾烷二醇二乙酸酯:
在5℃下将位于水(6.8mL)中的70%高氯酸(0.79mL)溶液加入到位于二烷(56mL)和水(3.4mL)中的3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇二乙酸酯(4.17g,0.011mol)内。经20分钟一小部分一小部分地加入N-溴代乙酰胺(2.25g,0.016mol)。得到的混合物在5℃下搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下搅拌30分钟,然后倒入包含0.5mL 1%硫代硫酸钠溶液的水中。加入饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液将悬浮液调至pH为8,然后用乙酸乙酯提取。有机层用盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩得到白色泡沫。剩余物与0.296g来自较早批次的粗产物合并并在丙酮/己烷中重结晶纯化得到呈白色固体的包含约20%异构体5β,6α副产物的标题化合物。
步骤2. 5α-溴-6β,19-环氧-3β,17β-雄甾烷二醇二乙酸酯:
将碘苯二乙酸酯(1.23g,0.0057mol)加入到位于环己烷(250mL)中的步骤1产物(1.8g,0.0038mol)的悬浮液中,然后加入碘(0.97g,0.0038mol)。得到的混合物用200W的日光灯照射45分钟(说明:混合物的温度在此期间升高到约80℃)。将反应混合物冷却至室温并倒入冰/水中。得到的混合物用乙醚提取。有机层用2%的硫代硫酸钠水溶液和水洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。剩余物在己烷中重结晶得到灰白色固体。
步骤3. 3β,17β,19-雄甾-5-烯二醇二乙酸酯:
将位于四氢呋喃(75mL)和水(7.5mL)中的活化锌粉(11.1g,0.17mol;使用前经如下方式活化:用HCl水溶液进行简单处理,然后用水和丙酮连续洗涤并在真空下干燥)和步骤2产物(1.50g,0.0032mol)的混合物于65℃下搅拌1小时。将反应混合物冷却到室温并过滤。收集到的固体用乙醚洗涤,然后用水洗涤合并的滤液,经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩得到浅黄色泡沫。剩余物在丙酮/己烷中重结晶得到呈浅黄色固体的标题化合物。对母液进行浓缩和重结晶得到呈浅黄色固体的另一批较低纯度的产物。
步骤4. 19-氧代-3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇二乙酸酯:
将活化的4A分子筛(4.2g)加入到位于二氯甲烷(10mL)中的步骤3产物(0.500g,0.00128mol)和N-甲基吗啉N-氧化物(NMO,2.43g,0.0207mol)的冷却(0℃)溶液中。得到的混合物在0℃下搅拌15分钟,然后加入过钌酸四丙基铵(0.030g,0.0000854mol)。得到的混合物在0℃下搅拌90分钟,然后用乙醚稀释并过滤。用乙醚洗涤收集到的固体。合并的滤液连续用亚硫酸钠水溶液和硫酸铜水溶液洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩得到白色固体。剩余物经快速色谱在硅胶上用95∶5的二氯甲烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化得到呈浅黄色固体的标题化合物。
实施例3
3,17-二-O-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-19-氧代-3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇
步骤1: 19-氧代-3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇:
在室温下将位于200mL 10%(w/v)氢氧化钾甲醇溶液中的9-氧代-3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇二乙酸酯(5.0g,0.0129mol)溶液搅拌3小时。然后在真空下除去大部分溶剂,剩余物在乙酸乙酯和饱和的氯化钠水溶液间分配。水层用乙酸乙酯提取(3X),合并的有机相经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩得到呈灰白色固体的标题化合物。
步骤2: 3,17-二-O-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基-19-氧代-3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯二醇
在室温下,将位于无水DMF(135mL)中的步骤1产物(4.19g,0.0138mol)、咪唑(5.58g,0.082mol)和叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯(10.23g,0.068mol)的溶液搅拌过夜,然后在冰水和乙酸乙酯间分配。有机提取物用水(3X)、碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和的氯化钠水溶液洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩得到白色固体,将其在己烷中重结晶得到呈白色固体的标题化合物。
实施例4
3-氧代-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯
步骤1. 19-去甲-10β-乙烯基-3β,17β-二-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基-雄甾-5-烯:
将Tebbe试剂(7.0mL的0.5M甲苯溶液,0.0035mol)加入到位于四氢呋喃(5mL)中的3,17-二-O-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基-19-氧代-3β,17β-雄甾-5-烯(0.405g,0.00076mol)溶液中。在室温下搅拌得到的混合物过夜,然后用1N氢氧化钠水溶液猝灭反应,用乙醚稀释。将得到的混合物经硅藻土过滤并在真空下浓缩。剩余物经快速色谱法在硅胶上用己烷∶乙酸乙酯进行梯度洗脱(范围是99∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯到95∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯)得到呈白色固体的标题化合物。
步骤2. 3β-羟基-17β-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基-19-甲基-雄甾-5-烯
在室温下,于帕尔(Parr)振荡器内在氢气氛(45psi)中,将位于乙酸乙酯(28mL)中的步骤1产物(0.180g,0.00034mol)和5%的碳载铑(0.0027g)的混合物反应两小时。对一小份进行分析表明没有反应,由此随乙醇(71mL)一起加入额外的铑催化剂(0.0038g)并在帕尔振荡器在氢气氛中(40psi)于室温下使所得的混合物反应过夜。对一小份进行NMR分析表明没有反应。另外加入5%Rh/C(0.1g)并将反应混合物放回到帕尔振荡器中置于45psi氢下。对一小份再次进行NMR分析表明没有反应。另外加入来自不同瓶子的5%Rh/C(0.109g)并将反应混合物放回到帕尔振荡器中置于45psi氢下。2小时后对一小份再次进行NMR分析表明反应正在进行。另外加入5%Rh/C(0.103g)并将反应混合物放回到帕尔振荡器中置于45psi氢下过夜。对一小份进行NMR分析表明反应已完成。将反应混合物经硅藻土过滤并在真空下浓缩。剩余物经快速色谱法在硅胶上用己烷∶乙酸乙酯进行梯度洗脱(范围是99∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯到95∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯)得到呈白色固体的标题化合物。NMR分析证实了意外发现的3-O-TBDMS醚丧失。
步骤3: 3-氧代-17β-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯:
将位于甲苯(35mL)中的步骤2产物(0.095g,0.00023mol)、异丙醇铝(0.096g,0.00047mol)和1-甲基-4-哌啶酮(0.45mL,0.0037mol)的混合物在Dean-Stark分水器下回流7小时,然后冷却到室温并用乙酸乙酯稀释。所得溶液用0.4N HCl(100mL)洗涤。水层用乙酸乙酯反提取,合并的有机相用饱和的碳酸氢钠水溶液和饱和的氯化钠洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。剩余物经快速色谱法在硅胶上用9∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化得到呈白色泡沫的标题化合物。
步骤4: 3-氧代-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯:
将位于四氢呋喃(1mL)中的1M氟化四丁基铵溶液加入到位于四氢呋喃(2mL)中的步骤3产物(0.070g,0.00017mol)的溶液中并在室温下搅拌所得溶液过夜。在室温下19小时后,加入1mL位于THF中的IM氟化四丁基铵溶液并在室温下搅拌反应混合物3小时,然后在真空下浓缩。剩余物经快速色谱法在硅胶上用1∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化得到呈白色泡沫的标题化合物。
实施例5
3-亚甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-4-烯:
3-亚甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-4-烯:
将叔丁基锂(3.0mL,1.7M位于戊烷中的溶液,0.0051mol)溶液加入到位于无水乙醚(25mL)中的甲基三苯基磷溴化物(1.87g,0.0052mol)悬浮液中。加入固体状的睾酮(0.30g,0.001mol)并将所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。然后在真空下浓缩反应混合物并将剩余物悬浮在THF(75mL)中并回流5小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物在乙醚和水间分配。有机相用水和饱和的氯化钠水溶液相继洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩成橙色油状物。粗产物经快速色谱法在硅胶上用4∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化得到呈白色固体的标题化合物。
实施例6
3-甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-3,5-二烯
3-甲基-17β-叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷氧基-雄甾-3,5-二烯:
将位于乙醇(13mL)和浓盐酸(0.37mL)中的实施例1产物(0.042g,0.00015mol)的溶液在回流下加热2.5小时,然后冷却至室温并在真空下浓缩。剩余物用水洗涤并用乙醚提取两次。合并的提取液用饱和的氯化钠水溶液洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩得到呈固体的标题化合物。
实施例7
3-亚甲基-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯:
将叔丁基锂溶液(3.0mL,1.7M位于戊烷中的溶液,0.0051mol)加入到位于无水乙醚(25mL)中的甲基三苯基磷溴化物(1.87g,0.0052mol)悬浮液中。然后加入固体3-氧代-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯(0.30g,0.001mol)并在室温下搅拌所得混合物过夜。在真空下浓缩反应混合物并将剩余物悬浮在THF(75mL)中并回流5小时。冷却至室温后,将反应混合物在乙醚和水间分配。有机层用水和饱和的氯化钠水溶液相继洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩。粗产物经快速色谱法在硅胶上用4∶1的己烷∶乙酸乙酯洗脱纯化得到标题化合物。
实施例8
3-甲基-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-3,5-二烯
3-甲基-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-3,5-二烯:
将位于乙醇(13mL)和浓盐酸(0.37mL)中的3-亚甲基-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯(0.04g)溶液在回流下加热2.5小时,然后冷却至室温并在真空下浓缩。剩余物用水稀释并用乙醚提取两次。合并的提取液用饱和的氯化钠水溶液洗涤,然后经硫酸镁干燥、过滤并在真空下浓缩得到标题化合物。
雌激素受体结合测定
雌激素受体结合测定设计为闪烁亲近分析法,使用了氚化雌二醇和重组表达的雌激素受体。全长重组人ER-α和ER-β蛋白在杆状病毒(bacculoviral)表达系统中生成。在包含6mMα-单硫羟甘油的磷酸盐缓冲盐水中将ER-α和ER-β提取物以1∶400稀释。将200μL被稀释的受体制剂的等分试样加入到96孔闪烁板中的每个孔内。用SaranWrap覆盖该板并在4℃下孵育过夜。
第二天早晨,将20ul包含10%牛血清白蛋白的磷酸盐缓冲盐水的等分试样加入到96孔板中的每个孔内并在4℃下孵育2小时。然后用200ul缓冲液洗涤该板,所述缓冲液包含20mM Tris(pH 7.2)、1mMEDTA、10%甘油、50mM KCl和6mMα-单硫羟甘油。为了在这些包覆了受体的板中进行测定,在96孔板的每个孔中都加入178ul同样的缓冲液。然后在板的每个孔中加入20ul 10nM的3H-雌二醇溶液。
受试化合物在0.01nM到1000nM的浓度范围内进行评价。受试化合物的母液应在100%DMSO中以100X测定中测试所需的终浓度制成。96孔板的测试孔中的DMSO量不应超过1%。最后向测定板中加入2ul已在100%DMSO中制成的受试化合物等分试样。对板进行密封并让它们在室温下平衡3小时。在装配用于对96孔板进行计数的闪烁计数器中对板进行计数。
实施例1-8的化合物表现出对雌激素受体α-亚型的结合亲合力IC50=75到>10000nm,对雌激素受体-β亚型的结合亲合力IC50范围=5到250nm。
药物组合物
作为本发明的具体实施方案,将25mg的实施例5化合物与被充分细碎的乳糖进行配制以提供580到590mg的总量来填充到0号硬明胶胶囊中。
Claims (10)
1.下式化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体:
其中当B和D是双键时R3是氢、卤素、CH2OH、C(1-3)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基,或者当A和C是双键时R3是CH2;
R1是氢、C(1-5)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基;
R2是氢、卤素、羟基、C(1-3)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基;
前提是,当R1是氢或甲基且R2是氢或羟基时,R3不是氢、甲基、氯或溴。
2.权利要求1的化合物,具有下式结构:
其中R3是氢、氯、氟、CH2OH或甲基;
R1是氢、甲基、乙烯基或乙炔基;
R2是氢、氟或甲基;
前提是,当R1是氢或甲基且R2是氢时,R3不是氢、甲基、氯或溴。
3.权利要求2的化合物,
其中R3是氢、氟、CH2OH或甲基;
R1是氢或乙炔基;
R2是氢或甲基;
前提是,当R1是氢且R2是氢时,R3不是氢、甲基、氯或溴。
4.权利要求1的化合物,具有下式结构:
其中R1是氢、C(1-5)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基;
R2是氢、卤素、羟基、C(1-3)烷基、C(2-5)烯基或C(2-5)炔基。
5.权利要求4的化合物,其中R1是氢、甲基、乙烯基或乙炔基;R2是氢、氟或甲基。
6.权利要求5的化合物,其中R1是氢或乙炔基;R2是氢或甲基。
7.权利要求1的化合物,其为
3-亚甲基-17β-羟基-雄甾-4-烯;
3-亚甲基-17β-羟基-19-甲基-雄甾-4-烯;
或其药学上可接受的盐或立体异构体。
8.一种药物组合物,包含权利要求1的化合物和另一药剂,所述药剂选自有机双膦酸盐、组织蛋白酶K抑制剂、雌激素、雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、破骨细胞质子ATP酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、整联蛋白受体拮抗剂、成骨细胞合成代谢剂、降钙素、维生素D、合成的维生素D类似物、选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、芳香酶抑制剂、或其药学上可接受的盐或混合物。
9.权利要求1的化合物在制备用于治疗骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病、热潮红、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、焦虑、抑郁、围绝经期抑郁、产后抑郁、经前期综合征、燥狂忧郁、焦虑、痴呆、强迫性行为、注意力缺陷障碍、睡眠障碍、易激惹、冲动行为、愤怒管理、多发性硬化和帕金森氏病、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性或雌激素依赖性癌症的药物中的用途。
10.权利要求8的组合物在制备用于治疗骨丢失、骨折、骨质疏松、转移性骨病、佩吉特氏病、牙周病、软骨退化、子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤病、热潮红、心血管病、认知机能缺损、大脑退化疾病、再狭窄、男子乳腺发育症、血管平滑肌细胞增殖、肥胖、失禁、焦虑、抑郁、围绝经期抑郁、产后抑郁、经前期综合征、燥狂忧郁、焦虑、痴呆、强迫性行为、注意力缺陷障碍、睡眠障碍、易激惹、冲动行为、愤怒管理、多发性硬化和帕金森氏病、炎症、炎性肠病、性功能障碍、高血压、视网膜变性或雌激素依赖性癌症的药物中的用途。
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