CN1973125A - 具有可变流道面积的进气歧管 - Google Patents

具有可变流道面积的进气歧管 Download PDF

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CN1973125A
CN1973125A CNA2005800205513A CN200580020551A CN1973125A CN 1973125 A CN1973125 A CN 1973125A CN A2005800205513 A CNA2005800205513 A CN A2005800205513A CN 200580020551 A CN200580020551 A CN 200580020551A CN 1973125 A CN1973125 A CN 1973125A
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slider
intake manifold
inlet
air intake
adjustable air
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安德鲁·博耶斯
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Litens Automotive Inc
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    • F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于在压力通风室与内燃机之间引导气流的可调进气歧管。所述可调进气歧管具有带进气孔的歧管壳体、限定固定出口的排气通道、以及从进气孔延伸到排气通道的流道壁。滑动件安装在所述壳体中用于滑动以及往复运动。滑动件与进气孔协作以限定可变尺寸的入口。滑动件还与流道壁协作以限定在入口与出口之间延伸的流道。驱动组件以可操作的方式连接到滑动件以提供往复运动而改变入口的尺寸。出口相对于入口成一定的角度延伸。滑动件具有相对于进气部分以相同的角度延伸的排气部分。排气部分沿排气通道滑动，在可变尺寸的入口与固定的出口之间提供平滑过渡。

Description

具有可变流道面积的进气歧管
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于内燃机的可调进气歧管。更具体地，本发明涉及一种具有可调整截面面积的流道的可调进气歧管。
背景技术
用于内燃机的空气进气歧管将空气和燃料输送并引导到内燃机的气缸。进气歧管接收来自压力通风室的空气，并将空气引导到各个气缸，在所述气缸处空气被接收并用于燃烧。
进气歧管中各流道的几何形状决定了空气如何有效地输送到内燃机的气缸。流道的长度和截面面积直接影响空气到达气缸的压力和速度。
流道的设计通常在特定的转速优化内燃机的性能。尽管在特定的转速进行了优化，但是对内燃机运行的其它转速下的性能进行妥协。因此，存在以下需求：当空气通过进气歧管时，成功地控制空气的压力和速度以允许内燃机性能在多个速度下优化。
1980年7月1日授予Shaffer的美国专利4,210,107公开了一种可调进气歧管。该进气歧管包括多个进气流道，各流道具有在各进气流道的整个长度上可调整的侧壁。所述可调整侧壁在整个上进气流道上相对于空气的流动方向向内以及向外横向移动，以相应地减小或增加通流横截面积。尽管这种可调整侧壁可调整各流道的横截面积，但在侧壁与流道的已经离开侧壁的侧面之间存在间隙。该不用的容积没被密封并可容纳部分从此通过的空气，这将降低设备的效率，并在进气流道中产生效率降低。此外，这些间隙可在进气流道中引起有害的紊流。
在WO2004/009975中，示出了具有可变横截面的进气歧管。该进气歧管在控制歧管横截面上进行了改进。但是尽管如此，进气歧管仍在歧管的排气端出现了紊流，这是不希望出现的。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种用于在压力通风室与内燃机之间引导气流的可调进气歧管。所述可调进气歧管具有带进气孔的歧管壳体、限定固定出口的排气通道、以及从进气孔延伸到排气通道的流道壁。滑动件安装在壳体中用于滑动以及往复运动。滑动件与进气孔协作以限定可变尺寸的入口。滑动件还与流道壁协作以限定在入口与出口之间延伸的流道。驱动组件以可操作的方式连接到滑动件以提供往复运动而改变入口的尺寸。出口相对于入口成一定的角度延伸。滑动件具有以相同角度延伸的排气部分。排气部分沿排气通道滑动，在可变尺寸的入口与固定的出口之间提供平滑过渡。
附图说明
当本发明在结合附图参考以下详细说明而被更透彻的理解之后，本发明的优点将容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明进气歧管的正面立体图，其中去除了压力通风室；
图2是图1进气歧管的背面立体图；
图3是图1的进气歧管的剖视立体图，其中，带着压力通风室而去除了一部分歧管壳体；
图4是图1进气歧管的活动滑动件的立体图；
图5是图1的进气歧管在入口最大开度情形下的侧面剖视图；
图6是图1的进气歧管在入口中间开度情形下的侧面剖视图；
图7是图1的进气歧管在入口最小开度情形下的侧面剖视图；
图8是图1的进气歧管在盖去掉的情形下的仰视图；
图9是图1进气歧管的侧面立面后视图；
图10是图1的进气歧管在入口最小开度情形下的端面正视图；和
图11是图1的进气歧管在入口最大开度情形下的端面正视图。
具体实施方式
参考图1、2和3，概括地示出了可调进气歧管10。该可调进气歧管10包括具有多个进气口12和多个出口14的壳体16。多个滑动件22在壳体16内运动以改变各进气口12的截面面积。
壳体16具有两个半壳16a和16b以及盖16c。壳16a具有一系列固定的流道壁20，这些流道壁20从进气面15伸出，并彼此相邻。进气面15具有进气口12。进气面15具有引导部15a，引导部15a围绕各进气口12并为滑动件22提供工作表面。引导部15a的轮廓形成呈圆形入口。
壳16b具有多个管状排气通道30。通道30与流道壁30连通以提供固定流道部分。通道30相对于在进气口12处的流入方向A(见图5)成一定角度延伸。在优选的具体实施方式中，该角度为90°。但是，显然对于本领域技术人员而言，根据发动机构造和歧管10将要安装的可用空间，可采用其它角度。
壳16b具有容纳驱动组件46的底座部分。盖16c以相当气密的方式封闭壳16。
压力通风室21牢固地固定在可调进气歧管10的进气端12上。压力通风室21包括与内部空腔21a连通的入口23，内部空腔21a作为空气的储存器。压力通风室21围绕壳体16的进气端开口12并被密封至壳体16。
多个流道壁20各具有U形结构的横截面，该U形结构横截面与引导部15a平滑地衔接。各流道壁20弓状地延伸以与壳体16b的通道30平滑地衔接。
参考图4，滑动件22包括由弯曲部分25隔开的排气部分24、进气部分26。弯曲部分25提供进气部分24与排气部分26之间的平滑过渡，以使歧管10内的流动损失最小。进气、排气以及弯曲部分24、26、以及25均为U形横截面。这些部分的外部宽度稍微小于U形流道壁的宽度。优选地，在这两个之间存在非常紧的公差以实现滑动和相当气密的配合。滑动件22沿箭头B(见图5)的方向移动以与流道壁20其中之一协作而限定通路或流道，气流通过该通路或流道从压力通风室21流到发动机的燃烧室。
滑动件22还包括两个腿28，该两个腿28彼此平行从滑动件22的进气部分26伸出。所述两个腿28以一定的角度延伸，该角度与排气部分24与进气部分26之间的角度相对应。优选地，排气部分24相对于进气部分26成接近90°的角度。要理解的是，排气部分24与进气部分26之间其它的角度关系也可被本发明采用，只要滑动件22的排气部分24平行于通道30、箭头C(见图5)移动就可以。两个腿28还包括孔29，该孔29用于枢轴地附接到驱动组件46，正如以下将要详细讨论的。
滑动件22具有进气端33，该进气端33带有凸缘并具有与引导部15a相对应的轮廓。滑动件22的进气端33与引导部15a一起协作以提供可调整的入口37。
参考图3、5至9，驱动组件46牢固地固定到歧管壳体16，并可操作地连接到滑动件22使得滑动件22以往复方式相对于歧管壳体16运动，以改变入口37的限定的横截面。
驱动组件46具有轴颈安装到壳体16b上的主动轴50，主动轴50通常垂直于流道壁20。从动轴52也是轴颈安装到壳体16上并且与主动轴50基本平行地延伸。齿轮组件54以可操作地的方式将主动轴50连接到从动轴52。第一和第二枢转臂58、56牢固地分别固定到主动和从动轴50、52上。销66把枢转臂56、58联接到各对连杆68上。连杆对68通过销129在孔29处旋转地连接到腿28上。
具体参考图8，更详细地示出了枢转臂56、58。枢转臂56、58具有带三个径向延伸臂59a、59b以及59c的芯部60。所述三个臂59a、59b以及59c构造成在相邻的流道壁20之间延伸用于所有滑动件22的联动运行。
尽管驱动组件46被描述成具有连接到主动和从动轴50、52的第一和第二枢转臂58、56，但可采用其它结构使得滑动件22在进气部分26中相对于通道30大体垂直地运动而在排气部分24处平行于通道30运动。
另外，各滑动件22在优选的具体实施方式中示出为独立地联接到驱动组件46。在选择性实施例中，滑动件22可彼此形成一体以形成联接到驱动组件46的单体滑动件。
马达48安装在壳16b上并以可操作地的方式连接到主动轴50。马达48的驱动旋转使滑动件22在最小横截面位置到最大横截面位置之间运动。马达48接受来自于处理器或控制器49的信号，该处理器或控制器49接受来自于传感器80的信号，该传感器80提供主动轴52的角度位置信息。主动轴52的角度位置是吸气口37横截面积的函数。其它发动机和/或车辆信息可从发动机和/或车辆主控制器接收并用以基于诸如内燃机的发动机转速、节气门位置之类的标准改变入口的尺寸。控制器49响应地将马达48驱动至一角度位置以使滑动件22运动到所需位置，使得内燃机的容积效率最优。
尽管在优选具体实施方式中描述了电动马达，但其它致动器如气动、液压、机械或其它的类型致动器也可使用。
位置传感器80优选地包括探测旋转运动的霍耳效应传感器。该霍耳效应传感器包括两个传感元件。所述两个传感元件正交。更具体地，两个传感元件相对于与该两个传感元件等距离的旋转轴线彼此成90°设置。
磁安装件牢固地固定到旋转的元件。磁安装件保持磁体与旋转元件同轴。磁体与霍耳效应传感器隔开设置。本领域技术人员应了解，校正与霍耳效应传感器同轴的磁体的公差变化取决于霍耳效应传感器的灵敏度，并且如果设计需要，磁体可接触霍耳效应传感器。磁体具有北和南磁极，所述磁极的交叉通常与旋转元件以及霍耳效应传感器同轴，使得霍耳效应传感器的旋转将探测由磁体产生磁场的极性，这又将改变由电路板上的电路产生的信号以允许识别旋转方向。磁体的物理结构以及其磁极可改变，只要磁体大体与霍耳效应传感器同心并关于旋转轴线对称。
通过限制和扩展入口37的横截面积，内燃机的容积效率可在发动机转速的整个范围上最优化或受控。经由滑动件22的运动调整入口的横截面，而不是改变流道的长度，由于没有由增加的壁长度而导致的增加的摩擦损失，所以本发明的可调进气歧管10的功能以及性能超过传统的可调整歧管。可调进气歧管10尺寸紧凑且结构简单。流道的长度没有改变使得可调进气歧管10能在其整个性能范围内保持其紧凑的尺寸。此外，可调进气歧管10可用于使反射的吸波的有益影响最佳化，该反射的吸波由活塞向下进入内燃机气缸的抽吸产生。可调进气歧管10还允许对空气进入内燃机的流动速度进行优化。通过如此做，内燃机的惯性增压作用可增强。
运行中，滑动件22可从如图5所述的最大入口位置运动到如图6所示的中间入口位置，再到如图7所示的最小入口位置。尽管图示的最小面积位置没有完全切断进入到入口37的空气，但滑动件22可设计成当处于最小面积位置时完全切断一个或多个入口37。
图5中，驱动组件46示出处于最大面积位置。如可见的，枢转臂56、58已回缩或旋转，使得滑动件22处于通道30的底部，允许空气的最大流量。
图6中，枢转臂56、58处于已部分枢转位置，使得连杆68推动滑动件22的进气部分26，使滑动件22朝流道壁20运动，并使接近滑动件22的进气部分26的流道的横截面减小。滑动件22的排气部分24在歧管10的出口14处沿通道30行进，而不会改变出口14的横截面积。向下伸出的腿28沿内表面76行进以防止滑动件22的横向运动。
图7中，枢转臂56、58已完全地枢转使得连杆68推动滑动件22的进气部分26。流道的横截面积减小到最接近滑动件22的进气部分26的最小面积位置。滑动件22的排气部分24与歧管的通道30平行行进，在出口14处保持一致截面。
重要的是，歧管10的入口37的横截面积可变化且不影响出口14的横截面积。此外，总是保持入口37与出口14之间的平滑过渡而不会在气流中产生紊流。
尽管设想该可调进气歧管10与结合了燃料喷射的内燃机一起使用，但是本领域技术人员应该了解如果内燃机备有汽化器或中心燃料喷射器以发射用于燃烧的燃料，则压力通风室21可容纳空气/燃料混合物。
应了解的是，尽管示例的可调进气歧管10构造成与直列式四缸内燃机一起工作，但是可调进气歧管10可设计成与具有任何数量气缸的任何内燃机结构一起工作。
本发明已用示例的方式描述。可以理解，已经使用的术语是说明性的而非限制性的。在以上教示的启示下，可得到本发明的许多改进和变化。因此，在所附权利要求的范围内，本发明能够以不同于具体描述的方式实施。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于在压力通风室与内燃机之间引导气流的可调进气歧管，所述可调进气歧管包括：
歧管壳体，该歧管壳体具有进气孔、限定固定出口的排气通道、以及从所述进气孔延伸到所述排气通道的流道壁；
安装在所述壳体中用于滑动以及往复运动的滑动件，所述滑动件与所述进气孔协作以限定可变尺寸的入口，所述滑动件与所述流道壁协作以限定在所述入口与所述出口之间延伸的流道；以及
驱动组件，其与所述滑动件以可操作的方式连接以提供所述往复运动而改变所述入口的所述尺寸；
所述出口相对于所述入口成一定的角度延伸，所述滑动件具有以所述角度延伸的排气部分，并且所述排气部分沿所述排气通道滑动，在所述可变尺寸的入口与所述固定的出口之间提供平滑过渡。
2.如权利要求1所述的可调进气歧管，其中所述滑动件包括从所述滑动件的进气部分伸出的腿，所述腿以可滑动的方式接合所述歧管壳体的内表面，引导所述滑动件相对于所述流道壁的运动。
3.如权利要求2所述的可调进气歧管，其中所述滑动件具有在所述进气部分与所述排气部分之间过渡的弯曲部分。
4.如权利要求3所述的可调进气歧管，其中所述流道壁以及所述滑动件各自具有彼此滑动地接合且大致为U形的横截面。
5.如权利要求1所述的可调进气歧管，其中所述驱动组件包括：
连接到主动轴上的马达，所述主动轴通过齿轮组件连接到从动轴以允许所述主动和从动轴同步旋转，所述主动和从动轴各自以可联动的方式连接到所述滑动件，由此，所述马达的旋转在第一方面增加所述入口的尺寸，而所述马达的反方向旋转在相反的方面减小所述入口的尺寸。
6.如权利要求5所述的可调进气歧管，其中所述驱动组件还包括分别固定到主动和从动轴的第一和第二枢转臂，并且所述第一和第二枢转臂以可联动的方式连接到所述滑动件。
7.如权利要求6所述的可调进气歧管，其中所述第一和第二枢转臂枢转地连接到多个滑动件。
8.如权利要求7所述的可调进气歧管，其中所述角度为90°。
9.如权利要求1所述的可调进气歧管，还包括用于探测主动或从动轴的运动并提供与之相响应的信号的位置传感器。
10.如权利要求9所述的可调进气歧管，还包括与所述驱动组件以可操作的方式连接的控制器以及所述位置传感器，所述控制器确定所述入口的尺寸并基于发动机运行情况而相应地改变所述入口。
11.如权利要求10所述的可调进气歧管，其中，所述发动机运行情况包括：发动机转速以及节气门位置。
12.如权利要求11所述的可调进气歧管，其中，所述位置传感器包括霍耳效应传感器以及安装到所述主动或从动轴上的磁体，并且当所述磁体旋转时所述霍耳效应传感器探测极性的改变。
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