CN1967012A - 变速器 - Google Patents

变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1967012A
CN1967012A CNA2006101497110A CN200610149711A CN1967012A CN 1967012 A CN1967012 A CN 1967012A CN A2006101497110 A CNA2006101497110 A CN A2006101497110A CN 200610149711 A CN200610149711 A CN 200610149711A CN 1967012 A CN1967012 A CN 1967012A
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Prior art keywords
speed changer
driven
gear
prime mover
power
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西蒙·詹姆斯·彼得·埃文思
大卫·约翰·霍伊尔
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JC Bamford Excavators Ltd
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JC Bamford Excavators Ltd
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Publication of CN1967012A publication Critical patent/CN1967012A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • F16H3/725—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines with means to change ratio in the mechanical gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

一种变速器，包括第一输入元件，在使用中由第一原动机驱动旋转；第二驶入元件，在使用中由第二原动机驱动旋转；旋转输出元件，其将动力提供给从动结构；该第一输入元件驱动从动元件；还具有可由所述第二输入元件驱动的可驱动元件，该从动元件和可驱动元件通过支撑有输出元件的中间结构连接在一起，当扭矩从第二原动机输入给第二输入元件的时候，动力从第一输入元件传递到输出元件，其中，第二原动机为电驱交换式磁阻电动机。

Description

变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种变速器，特别涉及一种无限变速式机械无级变速器(IVT，infinitely variable transmission)，其中，输出轴或其它输出元件的速度是无级变速的，与通常由发动机驱动的输入元件的速度无关。这样的变速器通常用于具有牵引机和工作机械比如挖掘机和/或装载机的路面外车辆。
背景技术
在IVT中，通常通过机械和液压元件的联合使用获得驱动来提供动力传递，其中，在发动机处于固定速度的情况下，输出轴的输出速度依赖于液压马达或变速器的输入。液压马达得以使用是因为其具有良好的可靠性和耐久性，这对于路面外车辆的变速器是很重要的因素。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一个方面，我们提供一种变速器，包括第一输入元件，在使用中由第一原动机驱动旋转；第二驶入元件，在使用中由第二原动机驱动旋转；旋转输出元件，其将动力提供给从动结构；该第一输入元件驱动从动元件；还具有可由所述第二输入元件驱动的可驱动元件，该从动元件和可驱动元件通过支撑有输出元件的中间结构连接在一起，当扭矩从第二原动机输入给第二输入元件的时候，动力从第一输入元件传递到输出元件，其中，第二原动机为电驱交换式磁阻电动机。
利用第二原动机为电驱交换式磁阻电动机可以获得优于传统液压电动机变换器的优势。
对于已知的IVTs，对于液压电动机变换器，为了在整个路面外车辆的速度范围内提供充足的动力，在车辆需要处于工作状况和能够让车辆沿着道路以足够的速度行驶的时候，必须提供可以通过比如离合器选择性的进行接合的选择齿轮。这是因为在使用液压电动机作为变换器时速度和扭矩方面所受到的限制。然而，可以提供合适的电驱电动机来获得更多的速度变化，结果，就可以至少减少在整个车辆速度范围内提供动力所需的选择齿轮的数量，或者选择齿轮的需要可以完全避免。从而，输出元件可以直接驱动从动结构而不需要作为中间结构的选择齿轮。
交换式磁阻电动机是相对有效的，且能够在相当大的速度范围内，比如达到25000rpm，提供恒定的扭矩动力，而机械结构相对较为简单。即使是在很低的转速下驱动的时候，交换式磁阻电动机也能提供全负荷的扭矩，并且可以做成多种不同的几何结构，来适应不同的变速器封装要求。
从而，尽管由于使用液压电动机和选择齿轮的偏见而限制了IVTs的发展，但是交换式磁阻电动机仍然是理想的用于IVT变速器的第二原动机或变换器。
在优选的布置中，用于所述电驱电动机的电力通过由所述第一原动机驱动的发电机提供。比如，所述发电机的转子连接到变速器的由所述第一原动机驱动的第一输入元件上，或者与该第一输入元件形成一体，并与该第一输入元件一起旋转。所述发电机可以是任何发电机，但是优选的是交换式磁阻发电机。
当所述第一原动机正在运转而所述变速器没有将动力传递给输出元件的时候，如果需要的话，作为另一种选择，所述电驱交换式磁阻电动机(第二原动机)也可以作为发电机来产生电力。当交换式磁阻电动机可以很容易的以高速运转并能在两个方向旋转的时候，输出元件可以获得大范围的速度和前、后方向的驱动。
也可以实现其它的各种优点。
可以理解，如同路面上的车辆一样，路面外车辆也需要电源，比如交流发电机，来提供用于车辆系统的电力。然而，对于依据本发明的变速器，为电驱第二原动机提供电力的发电机可以用来给车辆系统提供电力，从而避免了使用任何单独的交流发电机。
在第一原动机为发动机的情况下，路面外的车辆通常具有启动电机，但是对于依据本发明的变速器，通过所述变速器从所述第二原动机可以获得启动发电机的初始驱动，从而不需要单独的发动机启动电机。
在一个实施例中，所述第一和第二输入元件可以包括有传动轴。
所述由第一输入元件驱动的从动元件可以包括绕着传动主轴旋转的太阳齿轮，同时，由第二输入元件驱动的可驱动元件可包括在太阳齿轮的径向向外延伸处绕着传动主轴旋转的环形齿轮，中间结构可以提供至少一个与各个太阳齿轮和环形齿轮啮合的行星齿轮，中间结构绕着传动主轴旋转并支撑有输出元件，该输出元件在中间结构旋转的时候也绕着传动主轴旋转。
所述第一输出元件可以包括与从动齿轮啮合的传动齿轮，该从动齿轮固定在变速器的支撑有所述太阳齿轮的从动轴上。所述第二输入元件可以包括与从动齿轮啮合的可驱动齿轮，该从动齿轮相对于支撑有太阳齿轮的从动轴是可旋转的，与可驱动齿轮啮合的从动齿轮与环形齿轮固定在一起。
在这样的结构中，当车辆不需要移动的时候，因为第一原动机持续的提供动力，即使输出元件一直不旋转直到第二原动机启动，由于变速器中存在固有的阻力，那么车辆也将会“爬行”，也就是车辆行驶的很慢。尽管驾驶者可以通过刹车来中断这样的爬行，也需要设置有分离离合器，其选择性的可分离，来分离从第一输入元件到从动元件的动力，当不需要驱动的时候防止车辆任何无意的爬行。
所述变速器可以用于路面上和路面外的车辆比如牵引机或工作机械。
根据本发明的第二个方面，我们提供一种车辆，包括从动接地结构，通过该从动接地结构动力从原动机传递到地面来移动地面上的车辆，其中，设置有根据本发明第一个方面的变速器。
所述变速器可以包括有用于将动力从变速器的输出元件传递到各个前、后轮的动力分离装置。所述动力分离装置包括支撑有齿轮的轴，该齿轮与所述变速器输出元件的输出齿轮啮合并由该输出齿轮驱动。
附图说明
以下将参考附图说明本发明的实施例，其中：
图1为本发明的牵引机的示意图；
图2为根据本发明的变速器的剖视图。
具体实施方式
参考图1，路面外车辆10，也就是本实施例中的牵引机，包括本体11和从动接地结构12，该接地结构12包括两对接地车轮，也就是一对前轮13和一对后轮14。前轮13和后轮14由变速器18驱动，其驱动力主要由第一原动机驱动，在本实施例中，该第一原动机为内燃机20。
再参考图2，变速器18包括第一输入元件22和第二输入元件24，该第一输入元件22包括有传动轴并连接到发动机20，该第二输入元件24也包括有传动轴并连接到第二原动机26的转轴25上，或与该转轴25形成一体，该第二原动机为电驱电动机，特别的，为交换式磁阻电动机。
第一输入元件22的传动轴支撑有发电机27的转子R，该发电机27在本实施例中为交换式磁阻发电机。第一输入元件22的传动轴还支撑有可旋转的离合器元件30，该离合器元件30随着第一输入元件22的传动轴旋转，并且当分离离合器34的离合器片32与该离合器元件30接合的时候，传动齿轮35与第一输入元件22的传动轴一起旋转。该传动齿轮35与固定在从动轴38上的从动齿轮36啮合，该从动轴38以变速器18的传动主轴A为中心。从而，当分离离合器34接合的时候，并且当发动机20处于运转状态的时候，该从动轴38随着第一输入元件22旋转。
从动轴38支撑并固定有太阳齿轮40，该太阳齿轮40以花键或其它形式不可旋转的固定到从动齿轮38上。
第二输入元件24包括有与从动齿轮43啮合的可驱动齿轮42，该从动齿轮相对于从动轴38绕着传动主轴A旋转。与可驱动齿轮42啮合的从动齿轮43与可驱动元件45固定在一起，该可驱动元件45在本实施例中为环形齿轮45。从而，环形齿轮45在太阳齿轮40的径向向外延伸处绕着传动主轴A旋转。
在环形齿轮45和太阳齿轮40设置有中间结构48，该中间结构包括有至少一个行星齿轮50、51，优选的包括有多个比如至少三个行星齿轮。在图2中，在横截面上显示有两个行星齿轮50、51，相对于中间结构48的托架55分别绕其各自的轴50a、51a旋转。如下文所述，中间结构48的托架55和行星齿轮50、51均可以绕传动主轴A旋转，使可旋转的变速器输出元件56旋转，该输出元件56连接到从动结构，也就是车辆10的接地结构12，来驱动前、后轮13、14。
为了能够将动力传递到车辆的一对前轮13和一对后轮14，该输出元件56包括有输出齿轮57，该输出齿轮57驱动支撑在动力分离装置60的副轴59上的中间齿轮58。该中间齿轮58接着通过与中间齿轮58啮合的与末级轴61成一体的末级传动齿轮63来驱动末级轴61。所述动力分离装置60的末级轴61通过比如差速器连接到各个前、后轮13、14。
变速器18的使用方法如下。
在发动机20转速固定的情况下，动力被提供给第一输入元件22和发电机27来产生电力。尽管发动机控制器可以根据检测到的工况比如负荷，来调整发动机转速，以提供所需的最佳性能、最小排放或燃油经济性，该固定的转速仍然可以是恒定的发动机转速。
在分离离合器34接合但交换式磁阻电动机26不起作用的时候，从动轴38将会旋转，并且太阳齿轮40将会绕着传动主轴A旋转，从而使得行星齿轮50、51分别绕着各自的轴50a、51a旋转。因此所述环形齿轮45将会旋转，但是中间结构48的托架55仍然保持静止。从而动力不会传递到输出元件56，车辆10也就保持静止。
因为所述环形齿轮45与行星齿轮50、51啮合，所以行星齿轮50、51的旋转将会导致环形齿轮45旋转，接着，可驱动齿轮42和第二输出元件24将会旋转，将动力传递给交换式磁阻电动机26的转轴25，交换式磁阻电动机26将处于怠速状态。
然而，由于交换式磁阻电动机26被驱动，使得动力或阻力被传递给环形齿轮45，中间结构48的托架55将会被迫绕传动主轴A旋转，而因此也使得输出元件56绕传动主轴A旋转，从而将动力从发动机20传递到从动接地结构12上。
对于具体的第一输入元件22的速度，中间结构48旋转的速度和方向将完全依赖于第二输入元件24旋转的速度和方向，因此，输出元件56也将完全依赖于第二输入元件24旋转的速度和方向，由于第二原动机26为交换式磁阻电动机，所以第二输入元件24旋转的速度可以很容易的在零速和很高的转速之间变化，其旋转的方向可以是两个方向中的任一个，同时在整个转速范围内提供全负荷或至少接近全负荷的扭矩。如果发动机转速，也就是第一输入元件22的转速，针对所处的工况通过发动机控制器调整到最佳性能和/或降低的排放和/或提高的经济性，那么第二原动机26的转速可以很容易的调整到使得输出元件56的速度保持恒定。
用于交换式磁阻电动机26的电力可以由通过第一原动机20驱动的发电机27提供。
交换式磁阻电动机有一些特殊的需求，特别是需要冷却源。可以由穿过车辆10冷却装置比如发动机散热器R或其它冷却装置的冷却液来提供冷却。
交换式磁阻电动机26的物理结构不需要显示，但是可以做较大的变化，比如，可以提供所需的短粗或细长的电动机26，来适应不同车辆10的封装要求。
交换式磁阻电动机需要电子控制器，该电子控制器可以靠近电动机26，或者如果合适的话远离电动机26。
在不脱离本发明的范围内可以做出许多改变。
尽管已经说明了变速器18用于牵引机10这样的车辆，该变速器还适合于用于其它类型的车辆，包括工作机械比如挖掘机和/或装载机，其可以在路面外运转，也可以在路面上行驶。在各种情况下，这样的车辆可以具有由液压提供动力的用途。如果需要的话，在第一输入元件22的传动轴末端，远离发动机20，如图中H所示的位置上，第一输入元件22可以驱动液压泵。
因为可以通过将交换式磁阻电动机26作为变换器而使输出元件56的速度获得较宽的变化和前、后的方向，所以可以理解，不需要提供选择齿轮来改变传动范围而适应不同的驱动速度需求。从而，从动接地结构12可以直接通过输出元件56驱动而不需要任何中间选择齿轮，同时也可以获得路面上的高速和路面外的低速，在整个转速范围内可以获得发动机全负荷扭矩。
除了以上说明的以外，在另一种变速器的布置中，动力可以从第一输入元件22传递给太阳齿轮40，此外，动力可以从第二输入元件24传递给环形齿轮45。
如果需要的话，除了具有行星齿轮50、51的中间结构56，还可以提供一些其它的传动布置，其中，将动力从第一原动机传递给变速器的输出元件需要从第二原动机传来的输入。
如果需要的话，当发动机20处于运转状态当不需要动力的时候，怠速的交换式磁阻电动机26可以用作发电机来产生电力，存储在车辆电池中和/或用于给其它车辆系统提供动力。
如果需要的话，在发动机20发动期间，分离离合器34可以啮合，并且交换式磁阻电动机26启动，来将动力传递到第一输入元件22，所以车辆10不需要启动电机。
上述说明中，或者接下来的权利要求，或者附图公开的特征，为了实现所公开的功能而采用的特殊形式或装置所表达的特征，为了获得所公开的结果而采取的方法和过程所表达的特征，这些特征可以适当的单独的，或者通过这些特征的组合来实现本发明的各种不同的形式。

Claims (17)

1、一种变速器，其特征在于，包括：第一输入元件，在使用中由第一原动机驱动旋转；第二驶入元件，在使用中由第二原动机驱动旋转；旋转输出元件，其将动力提供给从动结构；该第一输入元件驱动从动元件；还具有可由所述第二输入元件驱动的可驱动元件，该从动元件和可驱动元件通过支撑有输出元件的中间结构连接在一起，当扭矩从第二原动机输入给第二输入元件的时候，动力从第一输入元件传递到输出元件，其中，第二原动机为电驱交换式磁阻电动机。
2、根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述输出元件无需中间选择齿轮而直接驱动从动结构。
3、根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的变速器，其特征在于：用于所述电驱电动机的电力通过由所述第一原动机驱动的发电机提供。
4、根据权利要求3所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述发电机的转子连接到变速器的由所述第一原动机驱动的第一输入元件上，并与该第一输入元件一起旋转。
5、根据权利要求3或4所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述发电机是交换式磁阻发电机。
6、根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的变速器，其特征在于：当所述第一原动机正在运转而所述变速器没有传递动力的时候，所述第二原动机可作为发电机来产生电力。
7、根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述第一和第二输入元件包括有传动轴。
8、根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述由第一输入元件驱动的从动元件包括绕着传动主轴旋转的太阳齿轮，由第二输入元件驱动的可驱动元件包括在太阳齿轮的径向向外延伸处绕着传动主轴旋转的环形齿轮，中间结构提供至少一个与各个太阳齿轮和环形齿轮啮合的行星齿轮，中间结构绕着传动主轴旋转并支撑有输出元件，该输出元件在中间结构旋转的时候绕着传动主轴旋转。
9、根据权利要求8所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述第一输出元件包括与从动齿轮啮合的传动齿轮，该从动齿轮固定在变速器的支撑有所述太阳齿轮的从动轴上。
10、根据权利要求9所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述第二输入元件包括与从动齿轮啮合的可驱动齿轮，该从动齿轮相对于支撑有太阳齿轮的从动轴是可旋转的，与可驱动齿轮啮合的从动齿轮与环形齿轮固定在一起。
11、根据权利要求8至10中任一个所述的变速器，其特征在于：设置有分离离合器，其选择性的可分离，来分离从第一输入元件到从动元件的动力。
12、根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的变速器，其特征在于：所述变速器用于路面上和路面外的车辆或工作机械。
13、一种车辆，包括从动接地结构，使用中，通过该从动接地结构动力从原动机传递到地面来移动地面上的车辆，其特征在于：设置有根据上述任何一个权利要求所述的变速器。
14、根据权利要求13所述的车辆，其特征在于：所述变速器包括有用于将动力从变速器的输出元件传递到各个前、后轮的动力分离装置。
15、根据权利要求14所述的车辆，其特征在于：所述动力分离装置包括支撑有齿轮的轴，该齿轮与所述变速器输出元件的输出齿轮啮合并由该输出齿轮驱动。
16、根据权利要求13、14或15所述的车辆，其特征在于：用于所述电驱电动机的电力通过由所述第一原动机驱动的发电机提供，该发电机提供用于车辆系统的电力。
17、根据权利要求13至16中任一个所述的车辆，其特征在于：所述第一原动机为发动机，通过所述变速器从所述第二原动机获得启动发电机的初始驱动。
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