CN1950071A - ospemifene的新口服制剂 - Google Patents

ospemifene的新口服制剂 Download PDF

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CN1950071A
CN1950071A CNA2005800140082A CN200580014008A CN1950071A CN 1950071 A CN1950071 A CN 1950071A CN A2005800140082 A CNA2005800140082 A CN A2005800140082A CN 200580014008 A CN200580014008 A CN 200580014008A CN 1950071 A CN1950071 A CN 1950071A
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V·-M·莱托拉
M·安蒂拉
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Abstract

本发明涉及液体或半固体口服药物制剂,其包含式(I)所示的治疗活性化合物或其几何异构体、立体异构体、可药用盐、其酯或其代谢物与可药用载体。

Description

ospemifene的新口服制剂
发明领域
本发明涉及包含ospemifene或紧密相关化合物作为活性组分的液体或半固体口服药物制剂。
发明背景
在本文中为了描述发明背景而使用的出版物和其它材料,特别是为了提供实施方面的另外细节而使用的出版物和其它材料,引入本文以供参考。
“SERM”(选择性雌激素受体调节剂)既具有雌激素样性质,也具有抗雌激素性质(Kauffman & Bryant,1995)。这样的作用可以是组织特异性的,如他莫昔芬(tamoxifen)和托瑞米芬(toremifene)的情况,它们在骨中具有雌激素样作用,在子宫和肝脏中具有部分雌激素样作用,在乳腺癌中具有纯的抗雌激素作用。雷洛昔芬和屈洛昔芬与他莫昔芬和托瑞米芬类似,除了它们的抗雌激素性质占优势。根据公开的信息,很多SERM更有可能引起绝经症状而不是防止绝经症状。然而,它们在老年女性中具有其它重要益处:它们降低总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇,因此能降低心血管疾病危险性,并且它们可预防骨质疏松,以及抑制绝经后妇女中乳腺癌生长。也有正在研制过程之中的几乎纯的抗雌激素。
Ospemifene是式(I)化合物的Z-异构体
Figure A20058001400800031
并且其是托瑞米芬的主要代谢物之一,已知其是雌激素激动剂和拮抗剂(Kangas,1990;国际专利公开WO 96/07402和WO 97/32574)。该化合物还称为(去氨基羟基)托瑞米芬,并且还称为代码FC-1271a。在传统激素试验中(Kangas,1990),Ospemifene具有较弱的雌激素和抗雌激素作用。在实验模型以及人志愿者中,其具有抗骨质疏松作用,并且其降低总胆固醇和LDL胆固醇水平(国际专利公开WO96/07402和WO 97/32574)。在动物乳腺癌模型中,其在乳腺癌发展的早期阶段还具有抗肿瘤活性。Ospemifene还是第一个SERM,已经表明,在健康妇女中,其在更年期综合征中具有有益作用。WO02/07718公开了ospemifene在治疗绝经后妇女中的一些更年期病症,即阴道干燥和性功能障碍中的应用。公开的专利申请WO 03/103649描述了ospemifene在抑制萎缩,以及治疗或预防妇女,尤其是在绝经期间或之后的妇女中的萎缩相关疾病或病症中的应用。
                      发明目的和概述
本发明的目的是提供含有ospemifene的改善的药物制剂,其中药物吸收有实质性提高,并且血浆水平的可变性有实质性降低,
因此,本发明涉及液体或半固体口服药物制剂,其包含式(I)所示的治疗活性化合物
或其几何异构体、立体异构体、可药用盐、其酯或其代谢物与可药用载体。
                      附图简述
图1表示的是,给予60mg单一剂量的ospemifene后,ospemifene的血清浓度与时间的关系,其中ospemifene是作为60mg片剂(圆圈)、两粒硬明胶30mg胶囊(三角)或溶液(星)给予的。
                      发明详述
在本文中,术语“液体制剂”特别是指溶液、具有分散在液体中的固体颗粒的悬浮液、具有分散在液体中的液体小滴的乳液或糖浆剂。
术语“半固体制剂”尤其是指凝胶剂和糊剂。
根据一个优选的实施方案,液体药物制剂是化合物I在合适的载体中的溶液,所述载体可以是一种载体或几种载体的混合物。式I化合物在水中具有非常低的溶解度。因此,载体应当优选包含一种或多种亲脂性组分。为了获得提高的生物利用度,优选使用可消化的脂质例如甘油三酯、甘油二酯、脂肪酸、磷脂等来代替不消化的油类例如矿物油(Porter和Charman,2001)。其中一组特别的有用载体或组分可以是胆烷衍生物。US专利4,117,121公开了一组用于降低胆固醇水平和提高胆汁流动的胆烷衍生物。然而,提高生物利用度组分不限于上述那些。
根据另一个优选的实施方案,液体药物制剂是化合物I的细固体颗粒在液体中的悬浮液。液体可以是亲脂性或亲水性液体或几种液体的混合物。所述液体还可以包含溶解的组分。通过降低分散的药物化合物的粒径,就增加了用于消化和药物释放的表面积。
优选地,至少90%的药物应当具有小于150微米的粒径,并且50%的药物应当具有小于25微米的粒径。尤其优选的是,90%的药物应当具有小于50微米的粒径,并且50%的药物应当具有小于15微米的粒径。
根据第三个优选的实施方案,液体制剂是乳液。因为化合物I的水溶解度非常低,乳液优选是亲脂相(例如化合物I在亲脂性液体中的溶液)在水相中的分散体(水包油乳液)。乳液可包含另外的组分例如稳定剂(表面活性剂)、乳化剂和增稠剂。根据特别优选的实施方案,乳液是微乳液或纳米乳液。与常规乳液不同,微乳液和纳米乳液是各向同性的、透明的和热力学稳定的。分散的小滴的平均大小,在微乳液中,一般为约10000nm或更低,在纳米乳液中,一般为100nm或更低。
根据第四个优选的实施方案,液体制剂是糖浆剂。半固体口服制剂的典型实例是凝胶剂和糊剂。凝胶是通过把胶凝剂例如明胶或多糖加到包含化合物I的溶液、悬浮液或乳液中产生的。根据一个优选的实施方案,凝胶是通过将胶凝剂加到根据EP 760651B 1的微乳液中而产生的。
对于很多剂量,虽然液体制剂例如溶液、乳液和悬浮液可以包装在较大的瓶中,但是优选将药物制剂包装成单位剂型,例如胶囊。这样的胶囊制剂是所谓的软凝胶胶囊。软明胶胶囊(或软凝胶胶囊)由在单片外壳例如明胶壳内部的液体或半固体基质构成。在胶囊填充的基质中,药物化合物自身可以在溶液、悬浮液或乳液中。填充基质的特征可以是亲水性的(例如聚乙二醇)或亲脂性的(例如甘油三酯、植物油)或亲水性组分和亲脂性组分的混合物。
近几年,在填充基质的制剂中已经有了显著进步。作为可提及的实例,药物的微乳液或纳米乳液作为前浓缩物包囊在胶囊中。这是指填充基质是浓缩的微乳液或纳米乳液,即包含疏水性药物的亲脂性液体、少量亲水性液体和表面活性剂的组合。口服给药之后,微乳液将在胃肠液中被稀释。或者,基质可仅包含组分,即药物、液体或液体混合物以及一种或多种表面活性剂。在给药时,组分会在胃肠液中自动产生微乳液(或纳米乳液)。
软凝胶胶囊由例如明胶、水和增塑剂构成。其可以是透明的或不透明的,并且如果需要的话,可以是着色和矫味的。不需要防腐剂,这是因为终产品中的低的水活度。软凝胶可以用耐肠溶或延迟释放材料包衣。
虽然实际上可以制成任何形状的软凝胶,但是通常选择卵圆形或长方形来进行口服给药。
当治疗绝经期间或绝经后的妇女时,本发明改善的药物制剂特别有用。然而,本发明方法不限于该年龄组的妇女。
应当理解,术语“代谢物”包括已经发现或有待发现的任何ospemifene或(去氨基羟基)托瑞米芬代谢物。可提及的这样的代谢物的实例是在Kangas(1990)第9页中提及的氧化代谢物(TORE VI、TORE VII、TORE XVIII、TORE VIII、TORE XIII),尤其是TOREVI和TORE XVIII,以及该化合物的其它代谢物。ospemifene的最重要代谢物是4-羟基ospemifene,其具有下式
化合物(I)的异构体的混合物的应用应当也包括在本发明内。
化合物(I)优选是ospemifene。
本发明的改善药物制剂可用于ospemifene的任何应用,尤其是当将该化合物用于治疗或预防骨质疏松或者用于治疗或预防与皮肤萎缩,尤其是上皮或粘膜萎缩有关的症状时。
可通过给予ospemifene来抑制的特定形式的萎缩是泌尿生殖萎缩。与泌尿生殖萎缩有关的症状可分成两个小组:泌尿症状和阴道症状。可提及的泌尿症状的实例包括排尿障碍、排尿困难、血尿症、尿频、尿急感、尿道感染、尿道炎症、夜尿症、尿失禁、紧迫性尿失禁和不随意尿渗漏。可提及的阴道症状的实例有刺激、瘙痒、灼热、疾病性排出物(maladorous discharge)、感染、白带、外阴瘙痒、压迫感和性交后出血。
根据以前的数据,预计ospemifene的最佳临床剂量高于每天25mg,并且低于每天100mg。特别优选的推荐日剂量为30-90mg。在较高剂量(每天100和200mg),ospemifene表现出的性质更类似于他莫昔芬和托瑞米芬。由于根据本发明方法提高了生物利用度,所以可以预计采用低于以前的推荐剂量的剂量就能达到同样的疗效。
在下面的非限制性实施例中更详细地公开本发明。
                    实施例
进行临床研究来评价作为片剂、硬明胶胶囊和溶液给予的ospemifene的生物利用度。
年龄为18-35岁的健康男性白种人(Caucasian)个体(n=23)接受3个不同试验,其中对他们给予a)两粒硬明胶胶囊,每粒含有30mgospemifene;b)一片含有60mg ospemifene的片剂;或c)3.7g含有60mg ospemifene的溶液。在c)中,溶剂是乙醇-PEG-丙二醇(2.7∶1∶2.5)混合物。各个试验彼此通过持续至少1周的无药期(washout)隔开。为了确定血清ospemifene浓度,在每一试验期间,在给药后的几个时间点采集血样。使用反相HPLC,在光化学激活后检测荧光性,来测定血清ospemifene浓度。
结果如图1所示,该图表明了,给予60mg单一口服剂量的ospemifene后,ospemifene的平均血清浓度与时间的关系,其中ospemifene是作为两粒硬明胶30mg胶囊(三角)、一个60mg片剂(圆圈)或一剂含60mg ospemifene的溶液(星)给予的。可以看出,给予溶液后的峰值浓度(700ng/mL)显著高于给予片剂和硬胶囊之后的峰值浓度,给予片剂和硬胶囊之后的峰值浓度很类似,分别为280和277ng/mL。因此,与片剂和硬胶囊的AUC-值(约2000ng h/mL)相比,给予溶液之后的AUC-值(约3000ng h/mL)要高的多。因此,可以得出,与片剂和硬胶囊相比,ospemifene从溶液中的吸收要快得多,并且生物利用度要高的多。此外,药动学参数的可变性降低了。
应当理解,本发明方法可以以多个不同实施方案的形式采用,本申请仅公开了其中的几个。对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,存在其它实施方案,并且不背离本发明的精神。因此,所描述的实施方案是举例说明性的,并且应当不理解为限制性的。
参考文献
Kangas L.托瑞米芬代谢物的生物化学和药理学作用.CancerChemother Pharmacol 27:8-12,1990.
Kauffman RF,Bryant HU.选择性雌激素受体调节剂.Drug NewsPerspect 8:531-539,1995.
Christopher J H Porter和William N Charman.用于口服给药的基于脂质的制剂:提高生物利用度的机会和亲脂性药物的脂蛋白靶向.J.ofReceptor and Signal Transduction Research,21(2&3),215-257(2001)。

Claims (12)

1.液体或半固体口服药物制剂,其包含式(I)所示的治疗活性化合物
Figure A2005800140080002C1
或其几何异构体、立体异构体、可药用盐、其酯或其代谢物与可药用载体。
2.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中化合物(I)是ospemifene。
3.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述制剂是溶液。
4.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述制剂是悬浮液。
5.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述制剂是乳液。
6.权利要求5的药物制剂,其中所述乳液是微乳液或纳米乳液。
7.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述制剂是糖浆剂。
8.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述制剂是凝胶剂。
9.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述制剂是糊剂。
10.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述制剂包装成单位剂型。
11.权利要求10的药物制剂,其中所述剂型是在软胶囊中包囊的制剂。
12.权利要求1的药物制剂,其中所述载体包括胆汁流动促进剂。
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