CN1946643A - 玻璃 - Google Patents

玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1946643A
CN1946643A CNA2005800127586A CN200580012758A CN1946643A CN 1946643 A CN1946643 A CN 1946643A CN A2005800127586 A CNA2005800127586 A CN A2005800127586A CN 200580012758 A CN200580012758 A CN 200580012758A CN 1946643 A CN1946643 A CN 1946643A
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China
Prior art keywords
sheet glass
glass
thickness
interlayer
sheet
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CNA2005800127586A
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艾蒂安·迪佳德
皮埃尔·高尔夫
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AGC Glass Europe SA
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Glaverbel Belgium SA
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Publication of CN1946643A publication Critical patent/CN1946643A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet with at least one intermediate air space
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B32B17/10045—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets with at least one intermediate layer consisting of a glass sheet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
    • B32B17/10091—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet thermally hardened
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
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    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10311—Intumescent layers for fire protection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0407—Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2419/00—Buildings or parts thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
    • E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
    • E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
    • E06B5/162—Fireproof doors having windows or other openings, e.g. for permitting ventilation or escape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
    • Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
    • Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
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    • Y10T428/31645—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
    • Y10T428/31649—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有至少40cm×30cm尺寸并且根据欧洲标准EN12600在摆锤试验中具有至少2B2的机械强度等级的玻璃板，该玻璃板包括具有在1.5mm至14mm范围内的厚度的第一玻璃片，具有在1.5mm至14mm范围内的厚度的第二玻璃片，该第二玻璃片与该第一玻璃片间隔，以及在该第一和第二玻璃片之间粘着的夹层，以便形成层压组件，该夹层具有小于650kW/m2的最大放热率。

Description

玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃板(glazing panel)，特别但不排外地涉及用于提供防火程度或火屏蔽(fire screening)的玻璃板。
背景技术
屏蔽火的玻璃板优选实现多个单独的功能。它们可以包括：
·当暴露于火时抗破损或毁坏，以提供对烟、热气和火焰的物理屏障；
·提供对火热量蔓延的阻挡，以便在玻璃的防火侧提供通道，这可以被用于撤离建筑物和/或以便减少防火侧上易燃物质自燃的风险。
建筑规范定义了不同建筑应用所需的火屏蔽的程度。
发明内容
根据一个方面，本发明提供如权利要求1所述的玻璃板。
夹层的最大放热率(heat release rate)可以小于600、550、500，450或400kW/m2。可以通过根据国际标准ISO 5660-1对夹层材料的样品进行测试、并且测量作为时间函数的放热率而确定最大放热率。因此，可以将其表示为夹层每m2的放热率，并且可以确定单位为KW/m2的最大放热率。
虽然可以将例如PVB的层压夹层用于提供具有特定机械强度(mechanical resistance)的玻璃，但是通常认为这种夹层在着火试验情况下对玻璃板的性能不利。这种材料易燃烧，放松了它们的完整性，并且使着火试验中玻璃的性能恶化。
为了根据欧洲标准EN12600执行摆锤试验(pendulum test)，通常必须测试具有876mm×1938mm(±2mm)尺寸的玻璃样品。在本发明的上下文中，通过在可能的情况下将玻璃板切成适当尺寸、或者根据对具有适当尺寸并且具有与所讨论的玻璃板相同结构(例如作为相同产品被销售)的样品玻璃的测试评定等级，可以对不具有适当尺寸的玻璃板评定根据该标准的玻璃板等级。
本发明的一个方面至少部分地基于下面由发明人提出的论据。
·如果可以控制在火暴露期间夹层材料的效应，从而不严重地使玻璃板的耐火性能(fire performance)恶化(即使层压夹层不对耐火性能作出重大贡献)，则可以实现满意的耐火性能水平
·保证当玻璃板暴露于着火条件时热量从层压夹层释放的速率足够低，以便避免产生可能对玻璃板的耐火性能有害的热量快速额外释放，这可以防止层压夹层对耐火性能的严重负面影响
·此外，这种夹层可以对期望的机械强度水平作出贡献
·耐火性能即使最小的改进也可能是很重要的，如果例如其允许玻璃板跨过特定防火等级所需的阈值。
可以如欧洲标准EN12600所规定的那样评定玻璃板的机械强度(通常称作摆锤试验)。根据该标准，根据本发明各个方面的玻璃可以具有2B2等级或优选为1B1等级。
根据本发明各个方面的玻璃可以具有如根据欧洲标准EN 1363和EN 1364、特别是EN 1364-1所规定的至少E15、E20、E30、E45、E60、E90、E120、EW15、EW20、EW30、EW45、EW60、EW90、EW120、EI15、EI20、EI30、EI45、EI60、EI90或EI120的防火等级。相对于这些标准进行这里对着火测试中防火等级和/或性能的引用。
本发明可以允许例如至少为0.4m×0.4m、0.4m×0.5m、0.5m×0.5m、0.5×0.6m、0.6m×0.6m、0.6m×0.7m、0.7m×0.7m、0.7m×0.8m、0.8m×0.9m、0.9m×0.9m、0.9m×1m、0.9m×2.2m、或0.9m×2.4m、0.95m×1.95m、1m×2m、1m×2.2m、1m×2.4m、1.2m×2m、1.2m×2.2m、1.2m×2.4m、1.2m×2.6m、1.3m×2m、1.3m×2.2m、1.3m×2.4m、1.3m×2.6m、1.3m×2.7m、1.4m×2m、1.4m×2.2m、1.4m×2.4m、1.4m×2.6m或1.4m×2.7m尺寸的玻璃板具有规定的耐火性。
根据本发明各个方面的玻璃板优选地是非夹丝(non-wired)玻璃板，也就是说，它们包含的玻璃片不是夹丝玻璃。
所用的一些或全部玻璃片可以是钠钙玻璃(soda lime glass)，优选为浮法玻璃。一些或全部玻璃片可以是非钠钙玻璃，例如从硼硅玻璃、膨胀系数小于或等于9×10-6的的玻璃和Tg(转变温度)大于或等于580℃的玻璃中选出的玻璃。
在本发明的使用膨胀层(intumescent layer)的实施方式中，这种层可以具有小于或等于2.5mm、2mm、1.9mm或1.6mm的厚度；这种膨胀层可以具有大于或等于1mm、1.1mm或1.2mm的厚度。这种层优选地具有在1.2至1.6mm范围内的厚度。膨胀层可以包括或者主要由硅酸盐构成，例如硅酸钾(potassium silicate)或者优选为硅酸钠(sodium silicate)。
根据另一个方面，本发明提供如权利要求4所述的玻璃板。
以前还没有以这种结构获得这种耐火性。多片玻璃板可以具有大于或等于EW70、EW75、EW80、EW90或EW100的耐火性。
密封的充气空间可以填充空气或者气体或气体混合物，例如提高玻璃板热绝缘的气体混合物。
根据本发明这个方面的以下结构可以是特别有利的：
·火＝＞退火钠钙玻璃(4mm)/0.76mmPVB夹层/退火钠钙玻璃(4mm)/防阳光层(solar control layer)/密封的气体空间/红外线反射层/淬火钠钙玻璃片(6mm)
·火＝＞退火钠钙玻璃(4mm)/0.76mmPVB夹层/退火钠钙玻璃(4mm)/密封的气体空间/防阳光层/淬火钠钙玻璃片(6mm)
·火＝＞退火钠钙玻璃(6mm)/0.76mmPVB夹层/退火钠钙玻璃(6mm)/密封的气体空间/防阳光层/淬火钠钙玻璃片(6mm)
·火＝＞红外线反射层/退火钠钙玻璃(4mm)/0.76mmPVB夹层/退火钠钙玻璃(4mm)/密封的气体空间/防阳光层/淬火钠钙玻璃片(6mm)
其中术语“火”表示对于其防火等级的玻璃板的定向，并且涂层如所示的那样存在于邻近的玻璃表面上。这些和其它在权利要求5中限定的结构可以特别有用地作为外部建筑物正面的建筑玻璃。
结构：红外线反射涂层/淬火的6mm玻璃片/密封的气体空间/红外线反射层/淬火的6mm玻璃片/0.76mmPVB夹层/淬火的12mm玻璃片也可以是有利的，具有或没有玻璃厚度变化，例如对于海上应用，特别是外部船舱窗户。在这种应用中，玻璃板可以具有大于或等于0.8m2、1m2、1.2m2、1.3m2、1.4m2或1.5m2的表面面积。
权利要求6、7和8中所限定的结构可以特别适于内部建筑玻璃板。玻璃片的厚度可以近似是3mm、4mm、5mm或6mm，其中每个玻璃板中的单独片具有基本相同的厚度或不同的厚度。该结构可以用于提供一定范围的具有不同总厚度和/或不同防火等级的玻璃板。
根据进一方面，本发明提供如权利要求9所限定的玻璃板。这可以提供一种可选方案，以便通过在相对轻的结构中提供所需的防火等级来抛光夹丝玻璃，而没有对嵌在玻璃中的可见性的丝格栅(wiregrill)造成不便。这些结构还可以将这些优点与所需机械强度等级结合。
根据另一方面，本发明提供如权利要求10所限定的玻璃板。如权利要求11和12所述，这种结构的膨胀层可以与通常在耐火玻璃结构中所使用的不同。这可以允许优化膨胀层，特别是保证耐火试验期间的密封或气密性，从而保证玻璃板的完整性。
从属权利要求限定了本发明的优选和/或可选实施方式。
在本发明的各实施方式中：
·一个或多个玻璃片可以是热淬火的，例如通过在大约80MPa到150MPa之间、优选在大约90到110MPa之间、例如大约100MPa的表面压力(surface compression)
·玻璃板在1-10微米波段中的红外线反射率可以是至少60％、65％、70％、75％、80％、85％、90％或95％。这可以提供好的火屏蔽属性。
·涂层可以被热解地形成在玻璃衬底上，或者通过真空技术、例如通过溅射而形成。在后一种情况下，红外线反射材料优选地是银或包含银的合金。
·玻璃板和/或涂层的标准发射率(normal emissivity)可以小于或等于0.2、0.15、0.1或0.05。在此所使用的标准发射率指的是根据欧洲标准EN12898/EN673所确定的标准发射率。这可以提供好的耐火性。
在此所使用的下列术语具有下面的含义，除非上下文指出为不同的：
·红外线反射层是指从下面的组中所选择的涂层，该组包括：掺氟的氧化锡涂层；包括以下结构的涂层：抗反射介质层(antireflectivedielectric layer)/红外线反射层/抗反射介质层(例如，涂层栈TiO2/Ag/barrier(屏障)/TiO2或TiO2/Ag/barrier(屏障)/TiO2)；具有小于0.3、优选小于0.2的标准发射率的涂层
·防阳光层表示增加应用到的衬底的选择性(即光透射率(luminous transmittance)与阳光因数(solar factor)的比)的涂层。
玻璃板的光透射率(即，作为入射光通量的百分比的透过衬底的光通量)例如可以大于15％、30％、50％、60％或70％。
玻璃板的能量透射率(energetic transmission)(即作为入射阳光通量的百分比的透过衬底的阳光通量(光和非光))可以小于或等于70％、65％、60％、55％、50％、45％或40％。
根据欧洲标准EN410所测量的根据本发明至少一些实施方式的玻璃板的总UV透射率可以小于5％、2％或1％，并且优选小于0.5％。
附图说明
现在以示例的方式描述本发明的实施例，其参照：
附图1是根据本发明一个实施方式的玻璃板的横截面；以及
附图2是根据本发明另一实施方式的玻璃板的横截面。
具体实施方式
附图1的玻璃板10包括下面的元件：
·第一玻璃片1
·第二玻璃片2
·第三玻璃片3
·在第一玻璃片1和第二玻璃片2之间装备的0.76mm厚的PVB夹层4
·15mm宽的密封的包含气体的腔5，具有绕其周边的设置在第二玻璃片2和第三玻璃片3之间的衬垫(spacer)6。
第一玻璃片1和第二玻璃片2大约4mm厚，并且由退火的钠钙玻璃制成。第三玻璃片3大约6mm厚，并且由中心部分的表面压力为大约100MPa的淬火钠钙玻璃制成。
第三玻璃片3上的玻璃板的面5F5承载涂层叠堆，其中该涂层叠堆提供防阳光属性和红外线反射属性(未示出)，并且包括抗反射介质层/Ag/屏障(barrier)/抗反射介质层/Ag/屏障(barrier)/抗反射介质层的玻璃片的结构。
在以前面所提到的方式测量时，PVB夹层具有大约425kW/m2的最大放热率。
玻璃板具有近似1m×1.5m的尺寸，并且在第一玻璃片1在着火试验期间暴露于热源时具有EW60防火等级。在冲孔球(punchingbowl)试验中，在相对于第一玻璃片设置的冲孔弓(punching bow)的冲击下，该玻璃板具有2B2的机械强度。
附图2的玻璃板20包括以下元件：
·第一玻璃片21
·第二玻璃片22
·第三玻璃片23
·1.6mm厚的膨胀层34，其包括在第一玻璃片21和第二玻璃片22之间装备的硅酸钠
·设置在第二玻璃片22和第三玻璃片23之间的0.76mm厚的PVB夹层25。
第一玻璃片21、第二玻璃片22和第三玻璃片23中每一个都具有大约2mm的厚度，并且由退火的钠钙玻璃制成。
当以前面所提到的方式测量时，PVB夹层具有大约425kW/m2的最大放热率。
玻璃板具有近似1m×1.5m的尺寸，并且在第一玻璃片1在着火试验期间暴露于热源时具有EW30防火等级。在冲孔球试验中，在相对于第三玻璃片设置的冲孔弓的冲击下，该玻璃板具有2B2的机械强度。

Claims (24)

1.一种尺寸至少为40cm×30cm的玻璃板，包括
厚度在1.5mm至14mm范围内的第一玻璃片，
第二玻璃片，所述第二玻璃片与所述第一玻璃片隔开，并且厚度在1.5mm至14mm范围内，
粘着在所述第一和第二玻璃片之间的夹层，以便形成层压组件，其中所述夹层选自基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的材料和基于乙基乙烯基醋酸盐(EVA)的材料，其特征在于：
所述夹层具有小于650kW/m2的最大放热率，并且根据欧洲标准EN12600，所述玻璃板在摆锤试验中具有至少2B2的机械强度等级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板进一步包括
与所述第二玻璃片隔开的、厚度在1.5mm至14mm范围内的第三玻璃片；以及
位于所述第二和第三玻璃片之间的膨胀层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板包括
至少三个通过夹层粘着在一起的衬底，以形成层压组件，其中根据欧洲标准EN1063，所述玻璃盘具有至少EI30的防火等级以及至少BR3级别的防弹等级。
4.一种玻璃板，主要包括
第一非夹丝玻璃片，
第二非夹丝玻璃片，其中所述第二玻璃片在没有中间膨胀材料的情况下与所述第一玻璃片隔开，
粘着在所述第一和第二玻璃片之间的夹层，以便形成层压组件，其中所述夹层选自基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的材料以及基于乙基乙烯基醋酸盐(EVA)的材料，
厚度在1.5mm至14mm范围内并且中心部分的表面压力为至少80MPa的第三非夹丝玻璃片，其中所述第三玻璃片通过密封的充气空间与所述第二玻璃片隔开，在一个或多个所述玻璃片上具有可选涂层，
当在着火试验中所述第一玻璃片被暴露于热源时，所述玻璃板具有至少EW60的防火等级。
5.根据权利要求4所述的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板具有下列特征之一
a)所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸；
b)所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸，并且主要包括结构：第一玻璃片/夹层/第二玻璃片/防阳光涂层/间隔/红外线反射层/第三玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃片的厚度在3mm至7mm范围内，并且所述第三玻璃片的中心部分处的表面压力为至少80MPa；
c)所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的厚度，并且主要包括结构：第一玻璃片/夹层/第二玻璃片/防阳光涂层/间隔/第三玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃片的厚度在3mm至7mm范围内，并且所述第三玻璃片的中心部分处的表面压力为至少80MPa；
d)所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸，并且主要包括结构：红外线反射层/第一玻璃片/夹层/第二玻璃片/间隔/防阳光涂层/第三玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃片的厚度在3mm至7mm范围内，并且所述第三玻璃片的中心部分处的表面压力为至少80MPa；
e)所述玻璃板具有大于或等于0.8m2的表面积，并且主要包括结构：第一玻璃片/夹层/第二玻璃片/红外线反射层/间隔/第三玻璃片/红外反射涂层，其中每个所述玻璃片的厚度在5.5mm至16.5mm范围内，并且每个玻璃片的中心部分处表面压力为至少80MPa；
f)所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸，并且主要包括结构：红外线反射层/第一玻璃片/间隔/红外线反射层/第二玻璃片/夹层/第三玻璃片，其中所述第一玻璃片的厚度在5.5mm至6.5mm之间，所述第二玻璃片的厚度在5.5mm至6.5mm之间，所述第三玻璃片的厚度在11.5mm至12.5mm之间，并且每个所述玻璃片的中心部分处表面压力为至少80MPa
g)所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸，并且主要包括结构：红外线反射层/第一玻璃片/间隔/第二玻璃片/夹层/红外线反射层/第三玻璃片，其中所述第一玻璃片的厚度在5.5mm至6.5mm之间，所述第二玻璃片的厚度在11.5mm至12.5mm之间，所述第三玻璃片的厚度在5.5mm至6.5mm之间，并且每个所述玻璃片的中心部分处表面压力为至少80MPa，
h)所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸，并且主要包括结构：红外线反射层/第一玻璃片/间隔/第二玻璃片/夹层/红外线反射层/第三玻璃片，其中所述第一玻璃片的厚度在5.5mm至6.5mm之间，所述第二玻璃片的厚度在5.5mm至6.5mm之间，所述第三玻璃片的厚度在9.5mm至13.5mm之间，并且每个所述玻璃片的中心部分处表面压力为至少80MPa。
6.一种尺寸至少为1m×2.2m并且防火等级至少为EW60的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板主要包括结构：
第一玻璃片，所述第一玻璃片的厚度在2.5mm至8.5mm范围内，
第二玻璃片，所述第二玻璃片的厚度在2.5mm至8.5mm范围内，并且与所述第一玻璃片间隔开，
在所述第一和第二玻璃片之间粘着的夹层，以便形成层压组件，
为每个所述玻璃衬底的至少一个表面配备标准发射率小于0.3的涂层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的玻璃板，其中为每个所述玻璃片的与所述夹层邻接的内表面配备红外线反射层。
8.根据权利要求6所述的玻璃板，其中每个所述玻璃片的与所述夹层隔开的暴露面配备有红外线反射涂层。
9.一种玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸，并且根据欧洲标准EN12600，在摆锤试验中具有至少EW30的防火等级以及至少2B2的机械强度，其中所述玻璃板具有以下特征之一：
a)所述玻璃板主要包括结构：
厚度在1.5mm至4.5mm范围内的第一玻璃片，其中所述第一玻璃片选自包括膨胀系数小于或等于9×10-6的玻璃和Tg大于或等于580℃的玻璃的组，
厚度在1.5mm至4.5mm范围内的第二玻璃片，其中所述第二玻璃衬底选自包括钠钙玻璃、膨胀系数小于或等于9×10-6的玻璃以及Tg大于或等于580℃的玻璃的组，
以及在所述第一和第二玻璃片之间粘着以便形成层压组件的夹层，其中所述夹层选自基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的材料以及基于乙基乙烯基醋酸盐(EVA)的材料，
b)所述玻璃板主要包括：
厚度在1.5mm至2.5mm范围内的第一非夹丝玻璃片，
厚度在1.5mm至2.5mm范围内的第二非夹丝玻璃片，其中所述第二玻璃片与所述第一玻璃片隔开，
在所述第一和第二玻璃片之间粘着以便形成层压组件的夹层，其中所述夹层选自基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)的材料以及基于乙基乙烯基醋酸盐(EVA)的材料，
第三非夹丝玻璃片，所述第三玻璃片具有在1.5mm至2.5mm范围内的厚度，并且通过中间膨胀层与所述第二玻璃片隔开。
10.一种玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板具有至少40cm×30cm的尺寸，并且具有至少一个以下特征：
a)所述玻璃板具有至少EW30的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：第一玻璃片/夹层/第二玻璃片/膨胀层/第三玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃衬底具有在1.5mm至4mm范围内的厚度，
b)所述玻璃板具有至少EW60的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：第一玻璃片/夹层/第二玻璃片/膨胀层/第三玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃衬底具有在2.5mm至4.5mm范围内的厚度，
c)所述玻璃板具有至少EW60的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：第一玻璃片/夹层/第二玻璃片/膨胀层/第三玻璃片/夹层/第四玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃片具有在1.5mm至4.5mm范围内的厚度，
d)所述玻璃板具有至少EI90的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/夹层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃片具有在1.5mm至4.5mm范围内的厚度，
e)所述玻璃板具有至少EI120的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/夹层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/夹层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃片具有在1.5mm至4.5mm范围内的厚度，
f)所述玻璃板具有至少E30的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：玻璃片/夹层/玻璃片/密封的充气间隙/玻璃片/膨胀层/玻璃片，其中每个所述玻璃片具有在2.5mm至3.5mm范围内的厚度，
g)所述玻璃板具有至少E30的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：厚度在2.5mm至4.5mm范围内的玻璃片/夹层/厚度在3.5mm至4.5mm范围内的玻璃片/低发射率涂层/密封的充气间隙/厚度在2.5mm至3.5mm范围内的玻璃片/膨胀层/厚度在2.5mm至3.5mm范围内的玻璃片，
h)所述玻璃板具有至少E30的防火等级，并且主要包括结构：厚度在5.5mm至6.5mm范围内的玻璃片/低发射率涂层/夹层/厚度在2.5mm至3.5mm范围内的玻璃片/密封的充气间隙/厚度在2.5mm至3.5mm范围内的玻璃片/膨胀层/厚度在2.5mm至3.5mm范围内的玻璃片。
11.根据权利要求3或10所述的玻璃板，其中所述膨胀层包括二氧化硅(SiO2)和氧化钠(Na2O)，并且SiO2/Na2O的重量比大于3.3。
12.根据权利要求3、10和11任一所述的玻璃板，其中所述膨胀层的水分的重量小于或等于22％。
13.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板具有至少EW30的防火等级。
14.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中至少一个所述玻璃片是钠钙玻璃。
15.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中至少一个所述玻璃片选自下面的组，其中所述组包括膨胀系数小于或等于9×10-6的玻璃和Tg大于或等于580℃的玻璃。
16.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中至少一个所述玻璃片的中心点处表面压力为至少80MPa。
17.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中所述夹层具有小于650kW/m2的最大放热率。
18.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中所述夹层具有小于500kW/m2的最大放热率。
19.根据前面任一权利要求书所述的玻璃板，其中根据欧洲标准EN12600，所述玻璃板在摆锤试验中具有至少2B2的机械强度。
20.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中至少一个所述玻璃片配备有防阳光涂层或热反射涂层。
21.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板具有大于或等于60％的光透射率，以及小于或等于55％的阳光因数。
22.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板具有至少95cm×190cm的尺寸。
23.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中所述玻璃板具有根据欧洲标准EN410所测量的小于1％的总紫外光透射率。
24.根据前面任一权利要求所述的玻璃板，其中在存在膨胀层的情况下，每个或任一膨胀层具有小于或等于2mm的厚度。
CNA2005800127586A 2004-03-05 2005-03-03 玻璃 Pending CN1946643A (zh)

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