CN1942344B - 多功能前方传感器 - Google Patents

多功能前方传感器 Download PDF

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CN1942344B
CN1942344B CN2005800108848A CN200580010884A CN1942344B CN 1942344 B CN1942344 B CN 1942344B CN 2005800108848 A CN2005800108848 A CN 2005800108848A CN 200580010884 A CN200580010884 A CN 200580010884A CN 1942344 B CN1942344 B CN 1942344B
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distance
measuring device
sensor element
described sensor
sensor
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CN1942344A (zh
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A·库滕伯格
M·维尔赫菲尔
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0132—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to vehicle motion parameters, e.g. to vehicle longitudinal or transversal deceleration or speed value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0136—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to actual contact with an obstacle, e.g. to vehicle deformation, bumper displacement or bumper velocity relative to the vehicle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/86—Combinations of radar systems with non-radar systems, e.g. sonar, direction finder
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/86—Combinations of sonar systems with lidar systems; Combinations of sonar systems with systems not using wave reflection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/013—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over
    • B60R21/0134—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting collisions, impending collisions or roll-over responsive to imminent contact with an obstacle, e.g. using radar systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/86—Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2013/9327—Sensor installation details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
    • G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S15/93—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S15/931—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G01S2015/937—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles sensor installation details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/027—Constructional details of housings, e.g. form, type, material or ruggedness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
    • G01S7/521—Constructional features

Abstract

为了提供一种紧凑的多功能传感器元件，使一个用于检测汽车加速度的传感器元件附带地设置一个用于测量汽车与外来目标之间的间距的距离测量装置。

Description

多功能前方传感器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于检测汽车加速度的传感器元件。 
背景技术
众所周知，将加速度传感器定位于汽车的前面部位里所谓前方传感器(Upfrontsensor))，以便在事故的早期阶段提供其严重性的信息。用这种技术应该可以计算出不同的事故场景并与之相应地使不同的安全阻挡系统，例如象安全气囊或安全带拉紧器起作用。汽车控制仪尤其应该能够区分危险的撞车与不需要使安全阻挡装置动作的情况。控制仪例如可以根据由前方传感器所提供的数据在早期时刻精确地计算出，是否需要使安全气囊动作。 
所有用于测量加速度的传感器的基本原理在于：探测出加速度对于一个减振的弹簧-质量系统，即一种所谓地震(seismisch)的质量的作用。由于加速度使弹性连接于壳体上的地震质量产生移动。传感器的任务是通过压电阻抗的、电容的或者频模拟的配置求出受加速度影响的偏转的程度。 
对于汽车上所装的加速度传感器来说最经常地通过电容的变化来测量地震质量的移动。此时地震质量设计成一个或多个电容器的电极，其中这种配置最好作成差动电容器，这样一个电容器的板间距就减小如同另一个电容器加大那样相同的量。配置中的测量电压与质量移动成比例。 
电容器在前方传感器中设计成一种微型机械的梳形结构，它设置于一种硅晶片表面上。 
有一种趋势使加速度传感器在汽车车厢上继续移动。前方传感器已经在汽车碰撞变皱区的位置上直接在外板后面或者说在保险杠上作了测试。 
此外还已知有各种不同的传感器用于测量汽车和外来物体之间的距离，这些传感器主要用于舒适功能和安全性功能。这种传感器的基本原理是回波测距法。 
已知有超声波距离传感器，其中由一个分析处理单元发射一个脉冲信号并测量至回波信号进入的时间。只有在此之后才有一个新的发射脉冲。一旦声音信号到达一个物体，它就被反射并由距离测量装置的一个声音接收器接收。通过一个控制声源和声接收器的计算单元来鉴别所接收的声音信号，计算出声音信号的运行时间并由此求出反射声音信号物体的距离。这种距离测量装置例如应用在车距报警设备里，这种设备用于汽车的停放支持系统。对于具有超声波传感器的停车支持系统来说通常监测在汽车前面或者后面大约30cm至150cm的一个范围。若识别出有一个障碍，那么用光学或声学的方法警告司机。 
对于在远处部位里借助于电磁辐射的距离测量来说已知使用了雷达和激光雷达(接近于红外线范围的光)。对于雷达来说在汽车前面不大于120m的一个窄的辐射带里求出至外来物体的距离。除了距离之外控制仪还可以以简单的方式来计算外来物体相对于汽车的相对速度。 
为了改善汽车被动安全性的功能希望对由上述距离传感器和加速传感器所得的信息一起加以分析处理，以便智能地使相应的安全阻挡系统，如安全带拉紧器和安全气囊动作，因为动作的尺度除了要保护的汽车乘客的重量之外首先取决于事故的种类和严重性。这些信息可以被控制仪利用，用于决定是紧接着碰撞之后(预定)或者甚至还要在此之前(预点火(Prefire))就使安全阻挡装置起作用。 
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供一种紧凑的多功能传感器元件。 
按照本发明此项任务借助一种用来检测汽车加速度的传感器元件来解决。其具有弹性悬挂在传感器外壳内的地震质量以及一个用于识别地震质量的受加速度影响的偏转的分析处理电子装置，其特征在于，传感器元件中集成有至少一个距离测量装置用于测量位于距离测量装置的测量范围内的物体的距离。 
由于传感器元件包括有至少一个距离测量装置用来测量一个位于距离测量装置测量范围内的物体的距离，因此可以有利地使两种上面所述的测量原理统一在同一个构件里，因此使功能强而制造成本低。这涉及到电缆和壳体较低的材料成本以及降低了的加工成本。因此即使对于容积段(Volumensegment)来说(小车)也有高的装备率(Ausstattungsraten)。 
通过所提出的传感器可以实现多种不同的功能，它们可以通过扩展控制仪里的逻辑渐进地联系。除了预见的功能，即它们可以以已知的方式用于行人保护和用于停车支持系统，通过两种测量原理发送给分析处理电子装置的信号，还可用于推导出有关碰撞于一个外来物体上的严重性的信息。 
若使用一种雷达作为距离测量装置那就在远处范围里探测外来汽车的距离并允许相对提前地计算在碰撞之前剩下的时间。 
在邻近范围里也使用一种超声波传感器作为距离测量装置，根据输送给分析处理电子装置的信号就可以计算出汽车和外来物体之间的相对速度，因此可以区分不同的事故场景。 
根据接收到的信号，控制仪可以提前进行参数化。尤其是在汽车和所探测的外来物体之间的相对速度与汽车自身速度相比较时在一定条件下可以排除这外来物体是一个行人。 
也可以确定：是否事实上有一个物体已经靠近了或者是否这汽车通过纯粹的振动得知了所测的加速度。 
在发明的一种优选设计方案中规定了传感器元件双轴地探测。因此就使上述对碰撞的分类也可以实施用于侧向的或者倾斜的碰撞。在三轴探测时也可以在垂直方向上探测加速度，这在不平地区行驶时是至关重要的(越野认别)。 
尤其是优选使距离测量装置相对于地震质量在向前方向上平行于汽车纵轴线设置。因此就使距离测量装置可以向着前面定向而且并在视野内不受阻止。 
附图说明
以下根据附图以对一个实施例对本发明进行详细叙述，附图表示了一个多功能的前方传感器的俯视示意图。 
具体实施方式
图1表示了总的用100标注的传感器元件。加速度测量装置10与距离测量装置16一起放置在一个共同的传感器外壳12里。距离测量 装置16相对于行驶方向来说布置在加速度测量装置10的前面。距离测量装置16优先为与汽车前面齐平地封闭住。加速度测量装置10和距离测量装置16(此处仅示意示出)的信号被输送至一个分析处理电子装置14，它逻辑地解释这两种信号。由于加速度测量装置定位在相对于车身来说很靠前处，该加速度测量装置必须在发生碰撞时容忍有很高的加速度，这可以用比在加速度测量装置设在很靠后时设定更高的测量范围来达到。同样传感器外壳12必须足够结实，以在碰撞之后第一个50ms内保证加速度测量装置10的功能。类似的适合于数据传输至控制仪。 
对于实现前方传感器的所述功能来说汽车装备有一至两个按照发明的传感器就足够了。 

Claims (8)

1.用于检测汽车加速度的传感器元件，其具有弹性悬挂在传感器外壳内的地震质量以及一个用于识别地震质量的受加速度影响的偏转的分析处理电子装置，其特征在于，传感器元件(100)包括至少一个距离测量装置(16)用于测量位于距离测量装置的测量范围内的物体的距离，加速度测量装置(10)与距离测量装置(16)一起放置在一个共同的传感器元件(100)的传感器外壳(12)里。
2.按权利要求1所述的传感器元件，其特征在于，传感器元件(100)双轴探测。
3.按权利要求1所述的传感器元件，其特征在于，传感器元件(100)三轴探测。
4.按权利要求1所述的传感器元件，其特征在于，距离测量装置(16)相对于地震质量来说在向前方向上平行于汽车纵向轴线设置。
5.按上述权利要求1或4所述的传感器元件，其特征在于，距离测量装置(16)与汽车(18)前面平齐地结束。
6.按上述权利要求1或4所述的传感器元件，其特征在于，距离测量装置(16)是超声波传感器。
7.按上述权利要求1或4所述的传感器元件，其特征在于，距离测量装置(16)是雷达。
8.按上述权利要求1或4所述的传感器元件，其特征在于，距离测量装置(16)是激光雷达。
CN2005800108848A 2004-04-02 2005-02-21 多功能前方传感器 Expired - Fee Related CN1942344B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004016266A DE102004016266A1 (de) 2004-04-02 2004-04-02 Multifunktionaler Upfrontsensor
DE102004016266.2 2004-04-02
PCT/EP2005/050745 WO2005095161A1 (de) 2004-04-02 2005-02-21 Multifunktionaler upfrontsensor

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CN1942344B true CN1942344B (zh) 2012-10-10

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EP1735191B1 (de) 2008-04-16
EP1735191A1 (de) 2006-12-27
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US20080134782A1 (en) 2008-06-12
JP2007526841A (ja) 2007-09-20

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