CN1935570B - 通过车辆稳定性增强系统(vses)来减少车辆的回滚 - Google Patents

通过车辆稳定性增强系统(vses)来减少车辆的回滚 Download PDF

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CN1935570B
CN1935570B CN2006101595255A CN200610159525A CN1935570B CN 1935570 B CN1935570 B CN 1935570B CN 2006101595255 A CN2006101595255 A CN 2006101595255A CN 200610159525 A CN200610159525 A CN 200610159525A CN 1935570 B CN1935570 B CN 1935570B
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pressure
brake
keep
vehicle
rollback
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CN1935570A (zh
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G·塔麦
J·A·辛普森
W·L·阿尔德里奇三世
B·P·巴塔赖
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B60L15/2063Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for creeping
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    • B60L15/2072Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for drive off
    • B60L15/2081Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for drive off for drive off on a slope
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于具有制动系统的车辆的防回滚系统包括制动踏板和控制模块,该制动踏板可操作,以便在制动系统中产生制动压力,而控制模块可使制动压力与基于倾斜角度的保持压力保持相等,以便在从制动踏板上释放压力时抑制车辆的回滚。控制模块基于驾驶员的输入而开始向前推进车辆,并在开始向前推进车辆的同时使制动压力从保持压力的水平开始减小。

Description

通过车辆稳定性增强系统(VSES)来减少车辆的回滚
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆控制系统,更具体地涉及用于减少车辆回滚(rollback)的车辆控制系统。
背景技术
车辆沿着例如路面移动,这些路面时常有坡度或倾斜。在某些情况下,车辆会停止在倾斜的路面上。在车辆停在倾斜路面上时,可能会发生车辆回滚。更具体地说,在驾驶员释放制动踏板和车辆向前推进之间的期间内,重力可能导致车辆沿着倾斜的路面向下运动(即回滚)。
混合动力系通常在车辆停止时关闭发动机,并在释放制动器时重新起动发动机。车辆回滚可能在因踏板释放开而使制动压力开始消退的时间与具有足够输出扭矩的时间之间发生。一些常规动力系的控制系统使用空档怠速的控制对策。在这种情况下,变速箱在怠速时自动移动到空档,以减少燃油消耗和/或怠速振动。车辆回滚则可能发生在制动踏板释放与变速箱换档回到推进车辆的前进档之间的时间内。
目前的防回滚系统需要提供额外的部件和/或复杂的控制对策。结果,车辆制造比预想的更为复杂和昂贵。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供了一种用于具有制动系统的车辆的防回滚控制系统。这种防回滚系统包括制动踏板和控制模块,该制动踏板可操作地在制动系统中引起制动压力,而控制模块使制动压力保持与基于倾斜角度的保持压力相等,以便在制动踏板释放压力时抑制车辆的回滚。控制模块基于驾驶员的输入而开始向前推进车辆,并在开始向前推进车辆的同时从保持压力开始减小制动压力。控制模块基于最小保持压力、驾驶员压力和最大保持压力来确定保持压力。
在一个特征中,这种防回滚控制系统还包括制动压力线路闭锁螺线管,其可被选择性地促动,以便使制动压力保持在保持压力的水平。
在其它特征中,驾驶员压力基于制动踏板位置来确定。最小保持压力基于倾斜角度来确定。
在另一特征中,这种防回滚控制系统还包括用于确定倾斜角度的倾斜仪。
在其它特征中,控制模块将制动压力逐渐地减小到零。制动压力的逐渐减小是基于推进机构的转速。作为备选,制动压力的逐渐减小是基于变速箱的离合器填充率(clutch-fill rate)。
在又一特征中,制动压力从保持压力开始下降的速率是基于加速踏板位置。
在另一特征中,控制模块在开始向前推进车辆之后将制动压力保持为保持压力而达一段阈值时间。
从后文所提供的详细说明中,将清楚本发明可适用的其它领域。应该懂得,该详细说明和特定示例虽然显示了本发明的优选实施例,但只是用于示例性目的,而并不意图限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
从详细说明和附图中,将更全面地了解本发明,其中:
图1是包括车辆稳定性增强系统(VSES)的车辆的原理框图;
图2是根据本发明的防回滚控制的处于多个示范位置中的制动踏板的原理框图;
图3是显示了根据本发明的防回滚控制的示范性操作参数曲线的曲线图;和
图4是显示了由根据本发明的防回滚控制所执行的示范性步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
以下对优选实施例的详细描述本质上只是示例性的,而并决非意图限制本发明、其应用或用途。出于清楚起见,相同标号将在附图中用于表示相似的元件。本文所用的用语“模块”指专用集成电路(ASIC)、电子电路、可执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(共享的、专用的或集群的)和存储器、组合逻辑电路,和/或任何其它提供所述功能的合适器件。
现在参看图1,其示意性地显示了车辆10。车辆10包括发动机12,其可产生分别传递到前车轮和/或后车轮14,16上的驱动扭矩。驱动扭矩通过变速箱18而传递到车轮14,16上。方向盘20可使车辆驾驶员将前车轮14驾驶到所需转向角度(α)上。更具体地说,方向盘20是驾驶前车轮14的转向系统21的输入。车辆10还包括具有主缸(未显示)的制动系统22,主缸为位于各车轮14,16上的制动装置24供给加压流体。
车辆10包括控制模块26,其基于本发明的综合控制方法来监测并控制车辆的操作。车轮转速传感器28,30产生分别用于车轮14,16的车轮转速信号,其被传递到控制模块26。方向盘角度传感器32产生由控制模块26接收的方向盘角度信号。方向盘角度(δ)基于方向盘角度信号来确定。偏航角速度传感器34产生偏航角速度信号,侧向加速计36产生侧向加速度信号,这两种信号都传递到控制模块26。控制模块26控制与各制动装置24相关联的制动促动器38,以调节对车轮14,16的制动力。控制模块26基于这里所述的综合控制方法而主动地控制制动装置24。车辆驾驶员基于可产生制动压力信号的制动传感器41来操纵制动踏板40,并且控制模块26基于制动位置信号来操作制动系统,以控制车轮的制动。
车辆包括车辆稳定性增强系统(VSES)。VSES包含这里所述的各种传感器和促动器,并通过控制模块26来控制车辆操作。更具体地说,VSES包括由控制模块26来处理的基于软件的算法以及机械部件。控制模块26产生的控制信号是根据基于软件算法的。控制信号控制与VSES相关联的机械部件的操作。
VSES基于驾驶员的驾驶输入(即方向盘角度(δ))和车辆速度,而通过电子方法来影响车轮14的转向角度(α)。VSES还基于传感器、例如偏航角速度传感器34的反馈来影响转向角度(α)。控制模块26产生校正的转向角度(αCORR),其大于、等于或小于基于方向盘角度(δ)的目标转向角度(αTARGET)。换句话说,VSES可使车轮14以不同于车辆驾驶员旋转方向盘20所指示的角度来旋转。
当在包括湿的人行道、冰、雪、和砂砾等危险路面上驾驶时,或者车辆驾驶员进行紧急操纵时,VSES还有助于车辆驾驶员控制车辆10。VSES包括各种有助于确定车轮打滑的传感器。更具体地说,VSES监测δ和αCORR之间的关系、车辆速度、偏航角速度以及其它因素。VSES降低发动机扭矩,并选择性地促动一个或多个制动装置24,以便保持车辆沿着预期路径运动。更具体地说,控制模块26基于转向角度和车辆速度而产生偏航角速度指令(YRCOM)。偏航角速度误差(YRERR)被确定为YRCOM与所测量的偏航角速度(YRMEAS)之差。基于由偏航角速度传感器产生的偏航角速度信号,来确定YRMEAS。VSES工作,以便最大程度地减小偏航角速度误差(YRERR)。
VSES包括位于制动系统22中的制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50,其被选择性地在接通(ON)-断开(OFF)状态之间促动。在接通状态,制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50将制动压力保持在所需的水平。VSES还包括倾斜仪52,其基于车辆在其上移动的表面的倾斜角度(βINCLINE)而产生倾斜信号。在2004年11月23日提交的,一同转让的题名为“用于混合和常规传动系的借助于倾斜仪来实现的防回滚控制”的美国专利申请No.10/996,095中公开了一种示例性的倾斜仪,其公开内容通过引用而结合在本文中。然而,它预期可以备选的方式来确定βINCLINE。例如,可从控制模块26基于各种操作参数来处理的倾斜模型中,采确定βINCLINE
本发明的防回滚控制利用了VSES部件,具体地说,利用制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50来抑制在车辆起动期间的回滚。更具体地说,当车辆被停止并且被施加制动压力(PBRAKE)时,这种防回滚控制就基于βINCLINE来确定抑制车辆运动所需的最小制动线路压力(PMIN)。例如,可基于βINCLINE从查阅表中确定PMIN。基于制动位置信号(BPS),来确定驾驶员所需的制动线路压力(PDRV)。提供最大制动线路压力(PMAX),其是在较大倾斜度上防止车辆回滚所需的合理的最大制动线路压力。PMAX是储存在存储器中并基于车辆参数的预定值,这些车辆参数包括但不限于车辆的总重。这种防回滚控制根据以下关系来确定回滚保持压力(PHOLD):
PHOLD=MIN[(PMIN+PDRV),PMAX]
在制动周期(即在驾驶员指示车辆停下来的时间)内,通过制动系统22来施加PDRV,以保持车辆固定不动。当驾驶员释放制动踏板40上的压力时,制动线路压力下降。制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50被促动而接通,从而将制动压力保持大约为PHOLD。通过这种方式,当驾驶员释放制动踏板40上的压力时,制动系统22可抑制车辆的回滚。制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50仍保持接通,并保持制动压力,直到启动制动压力释放(BPR)程序时为止。
BPR程序可基于车辆的特定配置而以若干种方式来启动。例如,对于由发动机12和/或和电动机60(虚框所示)驱动的混合电动车而言,制动压力基于发动机的每分钟转数(ERPM)和/或电动机的每分钟转数(MRPM)而匀变地下降。匀变下降速度可基于加速踏板位置(APP)而增加。例如,如果APP大于阈值APP(APPTHR)(即指示从静止开始的主动加速),那么匀变下降速度将增加。
对于包括加燃料怠速状态(即发动机在停止期间以空转时的每分钟转数RPM来旋转)的更常规的车辆而言,匀变下降速度作为可校准的斜率来提供。更具体地说,匀变下降速度被预编程到存储器中,并且基于车辆的配置。匀变下降速度可基于APP而增加。例如,如果APP大于APPTHR(即指示从静止开始的主动加速),那么匀变下降速度将增加。
作为备选,在最初促动接通制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50,并经过一段阈值时间(tTHR)之后,可启动BPR程序。在经过tTHR之后,制动压力基于可校准的斜率而匀变地下降。
作为另一备选,BPR程序的启动可适合于烦躁的驾驶员(即循环地释放和踩压制动踏板40的驾驶员)。更具体地说,当PDRV与PHOLD之差大于滞后的制动压力(PHYST)时,将促动断开制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50。例如,如果驾驶员已经开始释放制动踏板40,那么PDRV将下降(例如从300psi降至290psi至280psi...降至200psi(PHOLD))。在PHOLD(例如200psi)下,促动接通制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50,以便锁紧或保持线路压力。驾驶员通常将继续释放制动踏板,并且将如上述地启动BPR程序。
在烦躁的驾驶员的情形下,刚好在促动接通制动压力线路闭锁螺线管时,驾驶员增大制动踏板40上的压力。在这种情况下,车辆将不会回滚,因为驾驶员再次施加了比PHOLD更大的PBRAKE。因此,如果PDRV再次比PHOLD大了一定的压力PHYST(例如50psi),那么将促动断开制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50。结果,车辆将基于PDRV而再次保持固定不动。
还可预期到,本发明的防回滚控制可提高常规车辆系统(即非混合电动系统)中的安全性和可操控驾驶性。例如,在具有自动变速箱并且具有或没有空档怠速的常规车辆系统中,PHOLD的促动和释放可基于前进档或倒车档位下的离合器闭合。更具体地说,基于开始向前推进车辆的变速箱离合器(未显示)的填充率,来启动BPR程序,并使PBRAKE从PHOLD开始匀变下降。当离合器闭合并与前进档传动齿轮相接合时,制动压力下降,从而在离合器闭锁时不会阻碍前进运动。
对于具有手动变速箱的常规车辆系统,基于发动机扭矩阈值(TENGTHR)而启动BPR程序,发动机扭矩阈值基于APP来确定。更具体地说,基于APP来确定TENGTHR。当发动机扭矩(TENG)超过TENGTHR时,启动BPR程序。例如,对于较低的APP,需要适度大的发动机扭矩,因为发动机RPM在较低的APP下缓慢地增加。对于高的APP(即更深地踩压加速踏板),启动BPR程序所需要的发动机扭矩较低,这是因为扭矩更快速地增加。另外,如果APP较高,那么就可假定驾驶员希望快速地加速。因此,就会更快启动BPR程序。
现在参看图2,其显示了制动踏板处于多个示范性的位置。在第一位置(POS A),驾驶员压下制动踏板。PDRV大于或等于PHOLD,并基于BPS来确定。PBRAKE等于PDRV,车辆速度(VVEH)等于零。在第二位置(POS B),驾驶员已经开始释放制动踏板上的压力,其足以降低PBRAKE,但不足以推进车辆。在POS B,通过将制动压力线路闭锁螺线管促动至接通状态,使PBRAKE等于PHOLD,而VVEH等于零。在第三位置(POS C),开始向前推进车辆,并且VVEH增加。PBRAKE以上述方式从PHOLD开始下降。
现在参看图3,该图显示了示范性的VVEH、RPM和PBRAKE曲线。PBRAKE随着车辆滚动至停止而下降。一旦停止,PBRAKE基于驾驶员施加在制动踏板40上的压力而保持在PDRV的水平。当驾驶员从静止开始车辆加速时,制动踏板40上的压力得以释放,并且PBRAKE下降到PHOLD,此时,促动制动压力线路闭锁螺线管接通,以便将PBRAKE保持为PHOLD的水平。一旦启动BPR程序,PBRAKE从PHOLD开始下降。
现在参看图4,将详细地描述执行本发明的防回滚控制的示范性步骤。在步骤400中,控制确定VVEH是否等于零。如果VVEH不等于零,控制返回。如果VVEH等于零,控制就在步骤402判断是否施加了制动。如果没有施加制动,那么控制就返回到步骤400。如果施加了制动,那么控制将在步骤404中确定βINCLINE。在步骤406中,控制基于βINCLINE来确定PMIN。在步骤408中,控制基于BPS来确定PDRV。在步骤410中,控制基于PMIN、PDRV和PMAX计算PHOLD
在步骤中412,控制确定是否正在释放制动踏板(即驾驶员是否正在释放制动踏板上的压力)。如果不在释放制动踏板,那么控制就返回。如果在释放制动踏板,那么控制就继续步骤414。在步骤414中,当PBRAKE等于PHOLD时,控制将制动压力线路闭锁螺线管促动至接通状态,以便PBRAKE保持在PHOLD的水平。在步骤416中,控制确定是否启动BPR。如果不启动BPR,那么控制就返回。如果要启动BPR,那么控制就将制动压力线路闭锁螺线管50促动至断开状态,使PBRAKE从PHOLD开始下降,从而使车辆向前推进,并且控制终止。
本领域中的技术人员现在从前面的详细描述中应该懂得,本发明的广泛讲述内容可以各种形式来实现。因此,虽然已经结合具体示例描述了本发明,但是,本发明的真实范围不应受到这样的限制,因为在研究附图、说明书和所附权利要求之后,本领域的技术人员将会清楚其它的变型。

Claims (33)

1.一种用于具有制动系统的车辆的防回滚控制系统,其包括:
制动踏板,其可操作,以便在所述制动系统中产生制动压力;和
控制模块,其可使所述制动压力与基于倾斜角度的保持压力保持相等,以便当从所述制动踏板上释放压力时抑制所述车辆的回滚,所述控制模块基于驾驶员的输入而开始向前推进所述车辆,并且在开始所述向前推进的同时使所述制动压力从所述保持压力开始减小;其中所述控制模块基于最小保持压力、驾驶员压力和最大保持压力来确定所述保持压力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,还包括制动压力线路闭锁螺线管,其被选择性地在接通状态和断开状态之间促动,以便在该接通状态使所述制动压力保持在所述保持压力。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,所述驾驶员压力基于制动踏板位置来确定。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,所述最小保持压力基于所述倾斜角度来确定。
5.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,还包括确定所述倾斜角度的倾斜仪。
6.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,所述倾斜角度基于倾斜模型来确定。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,所述控制模块将所述制动压力逐渐减小至零。
8.根据权利要求7所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,所述逐渐减小基于推进机构的转速。
9.根据权利要求7所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,所述逐渐减小基于变速箱的离合器填充率。
10.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,所述制动压力从所述保持压力开始减小的速率基于加速踏板位置。
11.根据权利要求1所述的防回滚控制系统,其特征在于,在开始向前推进所述车辆之后,所述控制模块将所述制动压力保持在所述保持压力上达一段阈值时间。
12.一种抑制车辆起动期间的回滚的方法,包括:
减轻车辆制动系统的制动压力;
使所述制动压力保持与基于倾斜角度的保持压力相等,以便抑制所述车辆的回滚;
开始向前推进所述车辆;和
在开始所述向前推进的同时,使所述制动压力从所述保持压力开始减小,其中所述保持压力基于最小保持压力、驾驶员压力和最大保持压力来确定。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括促动制动压力线路闭锁螺线管,以便将所述制动压力保持在所述保持压力的水平。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述驾驶员压力基于制动踏板位置来确定。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述最小保持压力基于所述倾斜角度来确定。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述倾斜角度基于倾斜仪所产生的倾斜信号来确定。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述倾斜角度基于倾斜模型来确定。
18.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制动压力逐渐减小至零。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述逐渐减小基于推进机构的转速。
20.根据权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述逐渐减小基于变速箱的离合器填充率。
21.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制动压力从所述保持压力开始减小的速率基于加速踏板位置。
22.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,在开始向前推进所述车辆之后,所述制动压力保持在所述保持压力上达一段阈值时间。
23.一种调节制动系统的制动压力以便抑制车辆起动期间的回滚的方法,包括:
使所述制动压力从驾驶员所施加的制动压力开始下降;
保持所述制动压力与保持压力相等,以抑制所述车辆的回滚,所述保持压力小于所述驾驶员所施加的制动压力,并且基于倾斜角度;
基于驾驶员输入而开始向前推进所述车辆;以及
启动制动压力释放(BPR)程序,以便使所述制动压力从所述保持压力开始减小,从而允许所述向前推进,其中,所述保持压力基于最小保持压力、驾驶员压力和最大保持压力来确定。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括促动制动压力线路闭锁螺线管,以便使所述制动压力保持在所述保持压力。
25.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述驾驶员压力基于制动踏板位置来确定。
26.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述最小保持压力基于所述倾斜角度来确定。
27.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述倾斜角度基于倾斜仪所产生的倾斜信号来确定。
28.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制动压力逐渐减小至零。
29.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述倾斜角度基于倾斜模型来确定。
30.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其特征在于,所述逐渐减小基于推进机构的转速。
31.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其特征在于,所述逐渐减小基于变速箱的离合器填充率。
32.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,所述制动压力从所述保持压力开始减小的速率基于加速踏板位置。
33.根据权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,在开始向前推进所述车辆之后,所述制动压力保持在所述保持压力上达一段阈值时间。
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