CN1931106B - 骨锚固装置 - Google Patents

骨锚固装置 Download PDF

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CN1931106B
CN1931106B CN2006101019176A CN200610101917A CN1931106B CN 1931106 B CN1931106 B CN 1931106B CN 2006101019176 A CN2006101019176 A CN 2006101019176A CN 200610101917 A CN200610101917 A CN 200610101917A CN 1931106 B CN1931106 B CN 1931106B
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威尔弗里德·马蒂斯
卢茨·比德尔曼
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/70Spinal positioners or stabilisers ; Bone stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
    • A61B17/7001Screws or hooks combined with longitudinal elements which do not contact vertebrae
    • A61B17/7035Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other
    • A61B17/7037Screws or hooks, wherein a rod-clamping part and a bone-anchoring part can pivot relative to each other wherein pivoting is blocked when the rod is clamped

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Abstract

提供一种骨锚固装置,其包括锚固在骨头或脊椎骨上的柄(2)和头部(3)的锚固构件(1)、包括第一端(6)和与第一端相对的第二端(7)的容纳部分(5),纵向轴线(8)穿过所述两端,孔(5)与纵向轴线同轴,第一区域(11)靠近第二端(7)以容纳所述头部,并且凹槽(12)向着第一端(6)开口并形成两个自由支柱(15,16)以容纳杆(14);在所述头部(3)上施加压力以将所述头部锁定在容纳部分(5)内的压力构件(20);以及与所述支柱(15,16)配合以将所述杆紧固在所述凹槽(12)内的闭合构件(30;40,45),其中,所述压力构件(17)具有第一端(21)和与第一端(21)相对的第二端(22),并且凹槽(24)向着第一端(21)开口以容纳所述杆,凹槽(24)的深度杆的直径更大,以及在预装配状态下压力构件(17)的凹槽(24)的底部(27)在向着容纳部分(5)的第一端(6)的方向上伸出超过凹槽(12)的底部(13)。

Description

骨锚固装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种骨锚固装置,其包括具有锚固在骨头上的柄和头部的锚固构件、容纳所述头部以与一杆相连的容纳部分以及在所述头部上施加压力的压力构件,并具有与所述容纳部分配合以将杆紧固在容纳部分内的多种闭合构件。
背景技术
US 5,443,467披露了一种包括容纳元件和螺钉元件的接骨螺钉,所述螺钉元件具有螺纹部分和头部。压力盘可在容纳元件内滑动并作用在头部上。杆被布置在压力盘的顶部并且该装置通过杆锁定螺母和锁定螺母被锁定,所述锁定螺母在杆上施加压力,所述杆随后在压力盘上施加压力,由此锁定所述头部。
US 6,063,090披露了一种具有根螺钉和保持器头部以使根螺钉与纵向支承件相连的脊椎骨固定系统。设置插入物12以在容纳于保持器头部内的根螺钉的头部上施加压力。设置压靠在插入物上的拉紧装置以将根螺钉的头部锁定在其多轴位置并固定纵向支承件。根据插入物和拉紧装置,所述杆和接骨螺钉的头部可分开固定。
US 2003/0100896 A1披露了一种具有柄和连接在其上的固定构件以与一杆相连的构件,其中固定构件具有U形截面的凹槽,所述凹槽用于利用两个开式支柱以及在开式支柱上的内螺纹容纳所述杆,并利用与支柱的内螺纹配合的外螺纹容纳锁定构件。在一实施方式中固定构件与接骨螺钉的头部多轴相连。为了将头部锁定在其多轴位置设置在压力通过内螺钉施加在杆上时作用在头部上的压力盘。在另一实施方式中头部的锁定与杆的固定无关。如果在手术过程中同时采用这两种锚固装置,则在手术之前或过程中必须分别储备不同类型的锚固装置或对具有所需压力盘和/或压力构件的优选锚固装置进行预装配。
US 2004/018647381披露了一种骨锚固装置,其具有多轴连接在容纳部分上的骨锚固构件以及在头部上施加压力以将头部锁定在其设置内螺钉的位置上的压力构件,所述内螺钉可被拧入容纳部分以在杆上施加压力。当杆被插入时内螺纹终止在杆的上方并且设置下切口以使容纳部分被设计成具有更小的尺寸。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种改进的骨锚固装置,其在使用上具有通用性并且尺寸紧凑。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明提供一种骨锚固装置,其包括:
包括锚固在骨头或脊椎骨上的柄和头部的锚固构件;
容纳部分,包括:第一端、和与第一端相对的第二端,穿过所述两端的纵向轴线;与纵向轴线同轴的孔;靠近第二端以容纳所述头部的第一区域,以及向着第一端开口并形成两个自由支柱以容纳杆的凹槽;
在所述头部上施加压力以将所述头部锁定在容纳部分内的压力构件;以及
与所述支柱配合以将所述杆紧固在所述容纳部分的所述凹槽内的笫一闭合构件,第一闭合构件作用在所述杆上以同时固定所述头部和杆;
与所述支柱配合以将所述杆紧固在所述容纳部分的所述凹槽内的第二闭合构件,第二闭合构件作用在所述压力构件和所述杆上以独立地固定所述头部和杆,其中,所述第一闭合构件和第二闭合构件可被互换使用。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在所述支柱上设置内螺纹,并且所述第一闭合构件是被拧入在所述支柱之间以仅在所述杆上施加压力的内螺钉。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,所述第一闭合构件包括作用在所述杆上的中心突起,所述中心突起的长度被选择成使得当所述杆被固定时在压力构件和闭合构件之间具有间隙。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,所述压力构件具有:第一端、与压力构件的第一端相对的第二端;以及向着压力构件的第一端开口以容纳所述杆的凹槽,压力构件的凹槽的深度比杆的直径更大,所述突起的长度和杆直径之和比压力构件从压力构件的凹槽的底部到其第一端的高度更大。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在所述支柱上设置内螺纹,并且所述第二闭合构件包括具有与内螺纹配合的外螺纹的螺母以及被拧入螺母内的内螺钉。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在锁定状态下螺母压靠在压力构件上以锁定所述头部,并且所述内螺钉压靠在所述杆上以固定所述杆。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在所述支柱上设置内螺纹,当所述杆被插入时内螺纹终止在所述杆的上方,靠近内螺纹设置引导面以引导所述闭合构件的插入。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在所述支柱上设置内螺纹,并且容纳部分的最大内径不大于所述内螺纹相对顶部之间的直径。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在容纳部分上的所述凹槽基本上是U形的。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,所述压力构件具有:第一端、与压力构件的第一端相对的第二端;以及向着压力构件的第一端开口以容纳所述杆的凹槽,压力构件的凹槽的深度比杆的直径更大,所述压力构件的所述凹槽基本上是U形的。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在所述支柱上设置展开进入容纳部分的凹槽的内螺纹。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,所述压力构件具有第一端和与压力构件的第一端相对的第二端,以及向着压力构件的第一端开口以容纳所述杆的凹槽,压力构件的凹槽的深度比杆的直径更大。
在本发明的一种优选方式中,在预装配状态下压力构件的凹槽的底部在向着容纳部分的第一端的方向上伸出超过容纳部分的凹槽的底部。
根据本发明的骨锚固构件的优点是其使用时可以两种方式选择闭合构件。如果选择单件式闭合构件,则可以使将头部锁定在其多轴位置和固定所述杆同时进行。如果选择两件式闭合构件,则可以分别锁定头部和固定所述杆。两种应用都仅需要一个单独的容纳部分和压力构件。因此,外科医生可采用一个骨锚固装置并且可以在手术过程中选择将要使用的闭合机构类型。
骨锚固装置尺寸紧凑,因为其无需采用外螺母或环来防止支柱张开。同时,容纳部分的壁厚被构造成不存在任何削弱结构像螺纹偏心或下切口的变薄内部。
附图说明
从以下结合附图对实施方式的描述中将会清楚地了解到本发明的其它特征和优点。
图1表示具有单件式闭合构件的骨锚固装置的分解透视图。
图2表示根据图1所示的骨锚固装置的截面图。
图3表示图1所示的骨锚固装置的透视图。
图4表示具有两件式闭合构件的骨锚固装置的截面图。
图5表示图4所示的骨锚固装置的透视图。
图6表示使用具有单件式闭合构件和两件式闭合构件的骨锚固装置的可能性。
图7a以示意性方式表示具有单件式闭合构件的骨锚固装置的锁定机构。
图7b以示意性方式表示两件式闭合机构的锁定机构。
具体实施方式
如图1-3所示,骨锚固装置的第一实施方式包括具有带接骨螺纹的柄2和球截形头部3的接骨螺钉1,所述球截形头部3具有用于与螺钉拧入工具接合的凹槽4。骨锚固装置还包括基本上圆柱形并具有第一端6和与第一端相对的第二端7的容纳部分5。所述两端与纵向轴线8垂直。与纵向轴线8同轴设置第一孔9,所述第一孔9从第一端6延伸到离第二端7的预定距离处。在第二端7上设置开口10,其直径比孔9的直径更小。同轴孔9向开口10逐渐变细。在所示实施方式中其以球形区域11的形式逐渐变细。同轴孔9的直径在所示实施方式中比头部3的最大直径略微更大,使得接骨螺钉1穿过孔9被引导,其柄2延伸穿过开口10并且头部3压靠在球形区域11上。容纳部分5还具有在笫一端6开始并在第二端7的方向上延伸的U形凹槽12,使得U形凹槽的底部13具有距第二端7的距离d。U形凹槽12在与纵向轴线8垂直的横向上的宽度比在U形凹槽内容纳的杆14的直径略微更大。通过U形凹槽12,两个自由支柱15,16被形成为向第一端6终止。容纳部分包括在支柱15,16上靠近第一端6的内螺纹17。如图2中详细所示,靠近第一端6设置直径比第一同轴孔9的直径更大的第二同轴孔18,使得肩部9a形成在从第一孔9到第二孔18的过渡区。同轴孔18的内径和内螺纹17相对顶部之间的内径基本上相同。螺纹17展开进入U形凹槽12。因此,没有任何螺纹偏心并且也没有任何底切。在装配状态下,当杆14被插入容纳部分5内时,内螺纹17在所述支柱15,16处终止在杆14上表面上方的位置。
此外,设置具有基本上圆柱形结构的压力构件20,其具有第一端21和与第一端相对的第二端22。其外径仅比第一同轴孔9的内径更小以使压力构件可以被导入容纳部分5的孔9内并在轴向上移动。靠近装配状态下面对头部3的其第二端,压力构件20包括球形凹槽23,其半径与球形头部3的半径一致。靠近其第一端21,压力构件具有U形凹槽24,该U形凹横与纵向轴线8垂直地延伸。该U形凹槽24的径向直径被选择成使得容纳在容纳部分5内的杆14可被插入在凹槽24内并在其中被横向引导。通过U形凹槽24,压力构件20的开式支柱25,26被形成为向第一端21终止。在容纳部分5的纵向轴线8的方向上观察,U形凹槽24的深度比被容纳的杆14的直径更大,使得当杆靠在U形凹槽24的底部27上时支柱25,26伸出超过所述杆。
压力构件20还包括同轴孔28,从而可以利用螺丝刀接触接骨螺钉1。
如图1和2中详细所示,压力构件20包括在所述支柱25,26上靠近其第一端21的圆周突起29,其外径以如下方式比容纳部分5的第二同轴孔18的内径略微更小,即压力构件20可与圆周突起21在第二同轴孔18内滑动。
骨锚固装置还包括闭合构件,在本实施方式中其是内螺钉30形式的单件式闭合构件。内螺钉30的外螺纹与设置在支柱15,16上的内螺纹17配合。内螺钉30在一端具有用于与螺钉拧入工具接合的凹槽31。内螺钉在相对端具有第一圆柱形突起32,其直径刚好大到当内螺钉30被拧入在支柱25,26之间时圆柱形突起32沿第二同轴孔18的内壁滑动。第一圆柱形突起32逐渐变细成为第二圆柱形突起33,其直径比杆的直径更大但比第二孔18的直径更小,并在图2所示的装配状态下与靠近压力构件20的第一端21的相应圆形凹槽34接合。第二突起33的自由端面是平的。
压力构件20相对于接骨螺钉的头部3以及容纳部分5的尺寸被设计成使得在接骨螺钉还未锁定在其相对于容纳部分5的最终多轴位置的状态下压力构件20的U形凹槽24的底部27距容纳部分第二端7的距离比在图1中所示的距离d更大,使得其如图3所示伸出到容纳部分5的U形凹槽12的底部13的上方。在这一状态下,压力构件20可在第一同轴孔9内滑动并且与其突起21以突起21不压靠在肩部9a的形式在第二同轴孔18内滑动。内螺钉30在轴向上的尺寸被设计成使得当内螺钉30还未被紧固时圆柱形突起33不与杆14的表面接触。
内螺钉30的尺寸被设计成使得在最终紧固的状态下内螺钉30不在压力构件20上施加压力,也就是圆柱形突起33的长度被设计成使得在内螺钉的第一圆柱形突起32的表面和压力构件的第一端21之间具有间隙35。容纳部分的内螺纹17和内螺钉30的螺纹优选是方螺纹以防止支柱张开。
在使用中,接骨螺钉1首先被导入容纳部分5内,柄2被引导穿过开口10直至头部3靠在球形区域11或由开口10形成的边缘上。而后,压力构件20被导入容纳部分5内使得球形凹槽23包含接骨螺钉的头部3的上段。在这一状态下压力构件的U形凹槽的底部27伸出超过容纳部分5的U形凹槽的底部13。在这一状态下,接骨螺钉的头部枢轴固定在容纳部分的球形区域11内类似于一种球和球窝接合。接着,接骨螺钉被拧入骨头。容纳部分5、接骨螺钉1以及压力构件20可被预装配并具有防止压力构件20从容纳部分5中脱出的装置(未示出)。
此后,杆14被插入容纳部分内使得其靠在压力构件20的底部27上。由于接骨螺钉和容纳部分之间的多轴连接,容纳部分可被对齐以具有相对于杆的正确定位。此后,内螺钉30被拧入在支柱15,16之间直至圆柱形突起33的下表面与杆14的上表面接触。容纳部分5的第二同轴孔18的内壁作为内螺钉的圆柱形突起32的引导面防止在拧入内螺钉30时内螺钉倾斜。
同时,第二同轴孔18和肩部9a起到使压力构件20相对于容纳部分5对齐的作用。同样地,压力构件20的圆形凹槽34形成用于内螺钉30的圆柱形突起33的引导面。
如图7a所示,在内螺钉30最终得到紧固时,内螺钉30的下表面压靠在杆上,所述杆压靠在压力构件20上。由于在圆柱形突起33的下侧和压力构件的第一端21之间的间隙35,压力仅施加在杆上,所述杆本身通过压力构件20在头部上施加压力。因此,头部和杆同时被固定。
容纳部分设计紧凑,因为不需要任何外部锁紧环或螺母。由于内螺纹17不具有螺纹偏心而且容纳部分5的内部也不包含下切口,因此支柱15,16由于向着容纳部分5内部的厚度增加而变得更坚固。这样在拧入内螺钉时减小了支柱的张开。此外,具有伸出超过杆的支柱的压力构件可以很容易地在容纳部分内对齐。
在图4、5和7b中示出了本发明的第二实施方式。在图4和5中示出的骨锚固装置不同于图1-3和7a中示出的骨锚固装置之处在于所采用的闭合构件。所有的其它部件都相同并具有相同的附图标记。其描述将被省略。
在图4和5中示出的实施方式中的闭合构件是两件式闭合构件,其包括被拧入在容纳部分5的支柱15,16之间的螺母40。螺母40具有与支柱的内螺纹17配合的外螺纹。该螺纹是方螺纹以防止支柱张开。螺母40还具有内螺纹42。在一端设置切口43以与螺丝刀接合。螺母40在其面对容纳部分5的一侧上具有环形突起44,其外径比第二同轴孔18的内径略微更小。
闭合构件还包括内螺纹或固定螺钉45,其外螺纹与螺母40的内螺纹42配合。该螺纹是公制螺纹。内螺钉45具有用于与螺钉拧入工具接合的凹槽46。螺母40的尺寸被设计成使得在图4所示的完全紧固状态下环形突起44压靠在压力构件20的第一端21上。内螺钉46的尺寸被设计成使得在完全紧固状态下其压靠在杆上。
在使用中,同第一实施方式一样,首先螺钉构件被导入容纳部分内。而后,压力构件20被插入并首先松动地被固定在容纳部分内。因为同轴第一孔9和同轴第二孔18使得压力构件容易对齐。此后,接骨螺钉被拧紧在骨头上并且杆14被插入在容纳部分的U形凹槽12内,所述U形凹槽12与压力构件的U形凹槽24对齐。在置于杆内时压力构件被定位成使得其U形凹槽的底部27伸出超过容纳部分5的U形凹槽的底部13。螺钉构件、容纳部分以及压力构件也可以被预装配。
因此螺母40与松动地拧紧在其上的内螺钉45一起被拧入,直至螺母40紧靠在压力构件的支柱25,26的上端并在压力构件20上施加向下力,所述压力构件20压靠在螺钉头部3上以将螺钉锁定在其在容纳部分5内的最终多轴位置。在这一状态下杆14仍然可在压力构件20的U形凹槽内滑动,因为压力构件20的支柱25,26伸出超过所述杆。另外,通过螺母40防止杆14脱出或倾斜。最后,内螺钉45被紧固直至其压靠在杆14上并将杆14固定。如图7b所示杆的固定与头部的固定无关。
同第一实施方式一样,骨锚固装置设计紧凑因为不需要外部锁紧构件。此外,便于压力构件的对齐。
如图6所示,在手术过程中,外科医生可以选择单件式闭合构件30或两件式闭合构件40,45与同一骨锚固装置联合使用。对于某些应用,同时具有头部锁定和杆固定的单件式闭合构件是有利的,尤其是在必须快速进行所述固定的情况下。对于其它应用,有利的是分别进行头部和杆的固定。因为外科医生可采用同一骨锚固装置并任意选择所需的闭合构件,因此不必设置具有不同压力构件的不同容纳部分或不必设置可使用的不同的骨锚固装置。
可以对这些实施方式做出修改。可采用其它螺纹形状代替方螺纹。这会需要附加的外部锁紧构件例如于支柱的外螺纹配合的环或螺母。还可以想到省略内螺纹并采用具有压靠在杆上的锁紧销的盖。在这种情况下,所述销的形状被构造成使得在与杆接触时所述销不会压靠在压力构件的第一端21上。
头部3所压靠的容纳部分的区域11不必是球形,而可以是任何其它形状,只要头部3通过开口10的边缘被固定成球和球窝接合。
可以做出其它修改。在第二实施方式中螺母40在其远离圆柱形突起44的一端可具有附加的盖部以消除产生任何支柱张开的危险。另外,可以想到类似于第一实施方式的修改。在另一修改中,容纳部分被设计成使得头部可以从容纳部分的底部也就是从第二端导入。

Claims (8)

1.一种骨锚固装置,其包括:
包括锚固在骨头上的柄(2)和头部(3)的锚固构件(1);
容纳部分(5),包括:第一端(6)、和与第一端相对的第二端(7),穿过所述两端的纵向轴线(8);与纵向轴线同轴的孔(9);靠近第二端(7)以容纳所述头部的第一区域(11),以及向着第一端(6)开口并形成两个自由支柱(15,16)以容纳杆(14)的凹槽(12);
在所述头部(3)上施加压力以将所述头部锁定在容纳部分(5)内的压力构件(20),其中,所述压力构件(20)具有第一端(21)和与压力构件(20)的第一端(21)相对的第二端(22),以及向着压力构件(20)的第一端(21)开口以容纳所述杆的凹槽(24),压力构件(20)的凹槽(24)的深度比杆的直径更大;以及
与所述支柱(15,16)配合以将所述杆紧固在所述容纳部分(5)的所述凹槽(12)内的第一闭合构件(30),第一闭合构件(30)作用在所述杆上以同时固定所述头部和杆,其中,在所述支柱(15,16)上设置内螺纹(17),并且所述第一闭合构件是被拧入在所述支柱(15,16)之间以仅在所述杆(14)上施加压力的内螺钉(30);
与所述支柱(15,16)配合以将所述杆紧固在所述容纳部分(5)的所述凹槽(12)内的第二闭合构件(40,45),第二闭合构件作用在所述压力构件和所述杆上以独立地固定所述头部和杆,其中,所述第二闭合构件包括具有与内螺纹(17)配合的外螺纹的螺母(40)以及被拧入螺母(40)内的内螺钉(45),其中,在锁定状态下螺母(40)压靠在压力构件(20)上以锁定所述头部(3),并且所述内螺钉(45)压靠在所述杆(14)上以固定所述杆;
其中,所述第一闭合构件和第二闭合构件可被互换使用。
2.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述第一闭合构件(30)包括作用在所述杆(14)上的中心突起(32,33),所述中心突起的长度被选择成使得当所述杆被固定时在压力构件(20)和第一闭合构件(30)之间具有间隙(35)。
3.如权利要求2所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述突起(32,33)的长度和杆(14)直径之和比压力构件(20)从压力构件(20)的凹槽(24)的底部(27)到其第一端(21)的高度更大。
4.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,当所述杆(14)被插入时内螺纹(17)终止在所述杆的上方,靠近内螺纹(17)设置引导面(18)以引导所述闭合构件的插入。
5.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,容纳部分(5)的最大内径不大于所述内螺纹(17)的相对顶部之间的直径。
6.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,在容纳部分(5)上的所述凹槽(12)基本上是U形的。
7.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,所述压力构件(20)的所述凹槽(24)基本上是U形的。
8.如权利要求1所述的骨锚固装置,其特征在于,在预装配状态下压力构件(20)的凹槽(24)的底部(27)在向着容纳部分(5)的第一端(6)的方向上伸出超过容纳部分(5)的凹槽(12)的底部(13)。
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