CN1918185A - 反应器的表面抛光 - Google Patents

反应器的表面抛光 Download PDF

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CN1918185A
CN1918185A CNA2005800049110A CN200580004911A CN1918185A CN 1918185 A CN1918185 A CN 1918185A CN A2005800049110 A CNA2005800049110 A CN A2005800049110A CN 200580004911 A CN200580004911 A CN 200580004911A CN 1918185 A CN1918185 A CN 1918185A
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CN100509864C (zh
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路易斯·福阿吉
马克·范德奥维拉
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Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy SA
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    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F110/00Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00Processes of polymerisation
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F2/00Processes of polymerisation
    • C08F2/46Polymerisation initiated by wave energy or particle radiation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F110/00Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F110/02Ethene

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Abstract

本发明公开了淤浆环管反应器在聚烯烃制备中的应用,其中所有与淤浆接触的内部部件首先通过机械方法抛光至不大于70均方根的粗糙度值,然后通过化学或者电化学方法抛光至最终的不大于40RMS的粗糙度值。

Description

反应器的表面抛光
本发明涉及新型的淤浆环管反应器内部部件表面抛光,其在烯烃聚合期间防止在反应器中结垢(fouling)。
众所周知可以通过在烃稀释剂或者用作稀释剂的单体中聚合烯烃以制备烯烃聚合物。然而,已经在工业规模发现:在聚合物不溶于稀释剂或者基本不溶于稀释剂的情况下,聚合物产物具有沉积在聚合反应器壁的趋势。这种所谓的“结垢”导致反应器本体(bulk)和环绕反应器的冷却剂之间的热交换效率下降。在某些情况下,反应器本体温度和冷却剂(例如冷却水系统)温度之间的温差随时间上升到意味着要中止反应的程度。
细屑与粉末中静电电荷累积(build-up)的结合引起“结垢”。已经尝试通过向稀释剂加入作为加工助剂的防垢剂(antifouling agent)来避免结垢。一般,防垢剂作用是使稀释剂更加导电。这在一定程度上防止了静电电荷的形成,而静电电荷的形成是聚合物在反应器壁上累积的原因之一。
美国专利3995097公开了一种使用催化剂在烃稀释剂中聚合烯烃的方法,其中所述催化剂包括与二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆或者氧化钍中至少一种结合的氧化铬。据说通过添加一种组合物使反应器结垢减少,该组合物包含烷基水杨酸铝盐或铬盐和烷基硫代琥珀酸碱金属盐(alkaline metalalkyl sulphur succinate)的混合物。
EP 0005215涉及使用催化剂在烃稀释剂中聚合烯烃的方法,其中所述催化剂包含与二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锆或者氧化钍中至少一种结合的(煅烧)氧化铬的催化剂,或者诸如在美国专利2908671、3919185和3888835中所公开的催化剂体系。该方法使用了防垢剂,其包括含有磺酸基的化合物。该防垢剂是包含(a)聚砜共聚物、(b)多胺聚合物(polymeric polyamine)和(c)油溶性磺酸的组合物,在实施例中,添加剂产品Stadis 450用作防垢剂。
US 6022935(相当于EP 0803514)公开了一种使用催化剂体系制备C2-C12链-1-烯的聚合物的方法,所述催化剂含有茂金属配合物。该方法中使用抗静电剂。一般而言,认为可以使用所有适于聚合反应的抗静电剂。所公开的实例是包含梅达伦酸(medialanic acid)的钙盐和N-硬脂酰基邻氨基苯甲酸(N-stearylanthranilic acid)的铬盐、通式为(RR′)-CHOSO3Me的磺酸酯的C12-C22脂肪酸皂、聚乙二醇与脂肪酸的酯以及聚氧乙烯烷基醚。
EP 0820474涉及防止聚合过程中气相聚合反应器中的结片问题(sheeting problem),该反应器包含至少一环管反应器,后面是至少一气相反应器。使用防垢剂解决了这些问题,该防垢剂是C14-C18烷基水杨酸的铬盐、磺基琥珀酸二烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯与2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡啶共聚物在二甲苯溶液中的混合物。提及了铬-型催化剂、齐格勒型催化剂和茂金属催化剂。
根据上述内容,可以看出,在烯烃聚合过程中使用的许多所谓防垢剂是已知的。然而,现有已知的防垢剂存在问题,尤其是在与使用铬-型催化剂或者齐格勒-纳塔型催化剂(Ziegler-Natta type cataylst)有关的聚合过程中,这是因为抗结垢的存在导致催化剂活性损失。这是因为防垢剂中诸如醇和磺酸盐基团导致催化剂中毒。
与现有已知的防垢剂有关的其它问题涉及毒性问题。这与Stadis 450特别相关,如EP 0005215所公开。
因此,存在以下的需要:提供防止在烯烃聚合过程中,特别是在乙烯聚合中以及更特别是在高分子量聚乙烯的聚合中结垢的新方法。
因此,本发明公开了一种淤浆环管反应器,其中所有与淤浆接触的反应器内部部件首先通过机械方法抛光达到至多70RMS(root mean square,均方根)的粗糙度值,然后通过化学或者电化学方法抛光至最终的至多40RMS的粗糙度值。
有两种方法定义表面粗糙度(roughness level):算术平均粗糙度值Ra(CLA),由DIN 4768/1、DIN 4762/1或者ISO/DIS 4287/1的标准试验方法规定,以及均方根粗糙度值Rq(RMS),由DIN 4762/1或者ISO/DIS 4287/1的标准试验方法规定。
Ra是粗糙度曲线R从中心线具有测量距离Im的所有绝对距离的算术平均值,其可以写为
Ra = 1 / I m ∫ x = 0 x = I m | y ( x ) | dx
Rq定义为在单一取样长度计算出的曲线的RMS值,但它可表示为5个连续取样长度lm的平均结果:其可以写为
Rq = sqrt ( 1 / Im ∫ x = 0 x = I m y 2 ( x ) dx )
本发明采用RMS法。
优选,最终的表面粗糙度大约是32RMS(0.8微米)
本发明还公开了一种淤浆环管反应器在聚烯烃制备中的应用,在所述淤浆环管反应器中,所有与淤浆接触的反应器内部部件首先通过机械方法抛光至至多70RMS的粗糙度值,然后通过化学或者电化学方法抛光至最终的至多40RMS的粗糙度值。
反应器材料选自碳钢、不锈钢或者不锈钢包覆的碳钢(carbon steel withstainless steel cladding)。优选碳钢。一般未处理材料的粗糙度至少为250RMS。
机械抛光是本领域已知的,并且机械抛光使用具有适当降低粒度(levelof coarseness)的连续砂纸。一般地,机械抛光能将粗糙度降低到约63RMS的值。
电化学抛光是本领域已知的,并且例如在美国专利US-A-4,772,367中公开,其描述了抛光方法和/或用抛光头(polishing head)浸洗(pickling)管道内表面。该抛光头包括介电外壁(dielectric outer wall),所述介电外壁相对于待抛光的表面限定窄的工作间隙,从而使电解质能流过所述间隙。
化学抛光也是本领域已知的,并且公开于例如US-A-5,047,095中。使用喷涂技术(spray-on technique)处理大型物件,如反应器部件。对于管道或者管线,将处理液泵送经过管路。金属去除量由浸泡时间控制,而金属去除速率由抛光溶液的浓度控制。一般去除速率是1-3微米/分钟。
一般地,抛光水溶液的pH是1-6,优选3.5-5。其包含正磷酸和/或浓磷酸(condensed phosphoric acid)和/或其水溶性盐以及一种或者多种每分子具有两个或者三个羧基的羧酸作为必要成分,任选一种或者多种表面活性剂以及任选一种或者多种腐蚀抑制剂。
优选地,碱金属盐和/或铵盐或正磷酸和/或浓磷酸用作磷酸盐组分。
合适的碱金属盐包括锂、钠、钾、铷或者铯的盐。优选的碱金属盐是钠盐和钾盐。
合适的铵盐含有NH4+阳离子或者一种或者多种氮原子上的有机取代基,所述的取代基优选具有1-6个碳原子。NH4+盐是最优选的。
一般地,水溶液含有0.2-12wt%的磷酸盐组分。该重量数量基于所制备的使用溶液(prepared in-use solution)。
水溶液中,单独组分或者二-或者三-羧酸的混合物的含量为0.01-1wt%。
如果存在表面活性剂,其加入量至多2wt%,优选0.005-2wt%。
如果存在腐蚀抑制剂,其加入量至多2wt%,优选0.01-0.2wt%。
抛光在20-60℃温度进行,优选在室温(约25℃)进行。
处理时间取决于材料性质和最终要达到的粗糙度。一般为10-60分钟。
优选地,循环该溶液,以夹带出分离的金属颗粒和杂质,由此提高金属去除速率。
化学抛光包含以下步骤:
-使表面脱脂和活化(预处理);
-用抛光液抛光和除去毛刺(deburring)(处理);
-钝化和干燥(后处理)。
在各个步骤之间用水清洗。
一般地,0.1平方分米的表面用大约1升抛光液处理。
抛光的反应器内表面具有小于1微米的粗糙度,并且其无毛刺和裂缝。
已经观察到,抛光反应器的内表面在聚烯烃的聚合中,特别是在乙烯聚合中,更特别是在高分子量聚乙烯的聚合中特别有用。

Claims (8)

1.淤浆环管反应器在制备聚烯烃中的应用,其中所有与淤浆接触的内部部件首先通过机械方法抛光至不大于70均方根的粗糙度值,然后通过化学或者电化学方法抛光至最终不大于40均方根的粗糙度值。
2.按照权利要求1所述的应用,其中聚烯烃是聚乙烯。
3.按照权利要求1或者2所述的应用,其中第二次抛光工艺为化学抛光。
4.按照权利要求3所述的应用,其中化学抛光用pH为1-6的水溶液进行。
5.按照权利要求4所述的应用,其中所述水溶液包括:
a)正磷酸和/或浓磷酸和/或其水溶性盐,以及
b)一种或者多种具有两个或者三个羧基的羧酸。
6.按照权利要求5所述的应用,其中磷酸盐组分的含量基于抛光用水溶液(final in-use aqueous solution)重量为0.2-12wt%。
7.按照权利要求5或者6所述的应用,其中羧酸的含量基于抛光用水溶液重量为0.01-1wt%。
8.按照权利要求5-7中任一项所述的应用,其中抛光是在室温进行的。
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EP04100574A EP1564221A1 (en) 2004-02-13 2004-02-13 Surface finish of a reactor used for polymerisation of polyolefins

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CN102921212A (zh) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-13 四川西陇化工有限公司 化学试剂过氧化氢的过滤设备
CN113226538A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-08-06 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 多反应器和多区聚烯烃聚合
RU2781189C1 (ru) * 2018-12-27 2022-10-07 ШЕВРОН ФИЛЛИПС КЕМИКАЛ КОМПАНИ ЭлПи (CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP) Многореакторная и многозональная полимеризация полиолефина

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EP1564221A1 (en) * 2004-02-13 2005-08-17 Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy Surface finish of a reactor used for polymerisation of polyolefins
EP1840141A1 (en) 2006-03-31 2007-10-03 Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy Process to kill a catalysed olefin polymerization
EP2185610B1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2011-04-20 ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. Method for reducing depositions in polymerization vessels
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US11478768B2 (en) 2019-05-03 2022-10-25 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company Lp Reactor jacket design
WO2020263113A1 (en) * 2019-06-26 2020-12-30 Public Joint Stock Company "Sibur Holding" The method of reducing polymer deposits on the surfaces of the reactor equipment in the olefin oligomerization process

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CN102921212A (zh) * 2011-08-08 2013-02-13 四川西陇化工有限公司 化学试剂过氧化氢的过滤设备
CN113226538A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2021-08-06 切弗朗菲利浦化学公司 多反应器和多区聚烯烃聚合
RU2781189C1 (ru) * 2018-12-27 2022-10-07 ШЕВРОН ФИЛЛИПС КЕМИКАЛ КОМПАНИ ЭлПи (CHEVRON PHILLIPS CHEMICAL COMPANY LP) Многореакторная и многозональная полимеризация полиолефина
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JP4885738B2 (ja) 2012-02-29
KR101266627B1 (ko) 2013-05-22
EP1713833B1 (en) 2012-06-13
JP2007522303A (ja) 2007-08-09
KR20070008585A (ko) 2007-01-17
EA011043B1 (ru) 2008-12-30
ES2386791T3 (es) 2012-08-30
WO2005080439A3 (en) 2005-10-27
EA200601493A1 (ru) 2007-02-27
US20070066770A1 (en) 2007-03-22
US7473743B2 (en) 2009-01-06
CN100509864C (zh) 2009-07-08
EP1564221A1 (en) 2005-08-17
WO2005080439A2 (en) 2005-09-01

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