CN1902303A - 组合物和制备含有低水平用于增强的香味沉积/持久性的可溶性表面活性剂清洁皂条的方法 - Google Patents
组合物和制备含有低水平用于增强的香味沉积/持久性的可溶性表面活性剂清洁皂条的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1902303A CN1902303A CNA2004800403420A CN200480040342A CN1902303A CN 1902303 A CN1902303 A CN 1902303A CN A2004800403420 A CNA2004800403420 A CN A2004800403420A CN 200480040342 A CN200480040342 A CN 200480040342A CN 1902303 A CN1902303 A CN 1902303A
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- spices
- soap
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- soap bar
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有香料的皂条组合物,其中香料的作用(例如持久性)相对于对比皂条得到增强,这是因为本发明的含有香料的皂条含有少于约35%的可溶性表面活性剂。本发明进一步包括增强香料沉积/持久性的方法,例如通过相对于不可溶性活性成分控制可溶性活性成分的水平和/或通过增加香料的水平。
Description
本发明涉及从清洁皂条体系的香料性能递送。本发明尤其是涉及通过以降低可溶性表面活性剂对香料组分的比例的方式配制皂条来增强香料性能(以香料增强因子或“PEF”进行测量)的方法。
而可溶性表面活性剂对香料组分的比例可以通过降低可溶性表面活性剂的水平(例如,通过控制通常不太可溶的、饱和的、长链长脂肪酸或脂肪酸皂的数量相对于通常更可溶的、饱和的、短链长脂肪酸或脂肪酸皂的数量);和/或通过增加香料的水平来进行控制。
皂条由不同链长脂肪酸皂的混合物组成。由其制备皂条的一些脂肪酸皂(例如,通常是短链长C14、C12和更短的链长以及一些不饱和皂类例如油酸盐)是可溶的(“可溶的”通常是指在低于约40℃在水中溶解大于1wt%水平;应该理解,溶解性可以是指单一的皂/表面活性剂,或者是指皂和/或表面活性剂的混合物/复合物,其作为混合物或复合物具有在所限定的参数之内的溶解性);一些(例如,C16、C18和更长的链长)是不可溶的或基本不可溶的(同样,溶解性可以是指混合物或复合物)。
“典型的”皂条由皂化的胡桃油(通常产生更多短链长可溶性脂肪酸皂)和皂化的非胡桃油(通常产生更多长链长不溶性脂肪酸皂)的混合物组成,其将含有各种链长的脂肪酸和各种饱和和不饱和的脂肪酸皂。例如,典型的85/15皂条是85%牛脂(tallow)(含有当挤出皂条时结构化通常所需的长链皂)和15%椰子油(coconut)(含有短链的更可溶的皂,其带来良好的泡沫和其它性质)。这种85/15皂通常含有约50-60%的可溶性活性成分。
申请人现在已经发现,当可溶性活性成分的水平保持为低水平时(例如低于皂条组合物的约35wt%,更优选低于30wt%,甚至更优选可溶性活性成分低于最终皂条的约25%,活性成分是皂或合成表面活性剂),那么相对于从在最终皂条中具有高水平可溶性活性成分的皂条的香味递送,香味递送被增强。在本发明的一个实施方案中,具有低水平可溶性活性成分的皂条主要是含有皂和游离脂肪酸混合物的皂条或条,但是,正如所指出的那样,所述皂条可以是其中可溶性表面活性剂(例如皂,合成表面活性剂)保持在低于最终皂条的约35wt%水平的任何皂条。
存在一些参考文献,这些文献公开了含有可能与各种离子混合以形成皂的短链和长链、饱和和不饱和脂肪酸的混合物。但是,这些文献都没有意识到并公开保持可溶性活性成分低于特定水平(总活性成分的35%)以增强香料递送的限制或者使用本发明的特定组成增强此类递送的工艺/方法。
授予Tollens等人的美国专利5387362公开了含有与月桂酸反应的经定制的Mg、Na和K离子混合物的组合物,选择C14-C18脂肪酸以及油酸来产生皂坯。相关的文献是授予KeFauver等人的美国专利5540852。在两篇文献中,既没有公开含有香料和可溶性皂水平必须低于特定水平的组合物,也没有公开增强香料递送(例如,增强的PEF)的方法。实际上,其并没有认识到制备皂条来确保可溶性皂的水平必须不超过总表面活性剂的35%。
授予Kacher等人的美国专利5262079公开了部分中和脂肪酸以为框架化的皂条形成网络,并且还含有高水平的阴离子表面活性剂和非离子稳固助剂。没有讨论含有香料和可溶性活性成分水平低于特定水平的组合物,或没有讨论增强香料递送的方法。也就是说,没有教导或暗示来制备皂条以确保可溶性活性成分的最终水平不超过总活性成分的35%。该文献还涉及框架化的皂条,而本发明是挤出皂条。
授予Narath等人的美国专利6121216公开了改进合成洗涤剂皂条加工的方法,该合成洗涤剂皂条包含两相物质作为柔和助剂。通过最小化皂特别是不饱和皂的水平加工效率得到增加。并没有公开可溶性活性成分必须低于总活性成分的35%和这种低水平对香料增强的影响。
在一个实施方案中本发明涉及用于增强香料分子沉积的组合物,该组合物包含:
皂条组合物,含有:
(1)洗涤剂活性成分,其中可溶性表面活性剂活性成分不超过总皂条组合物的约35wt%,优选不超过约30wt%(例如,皂条可以含有0.5-35wt%,优选1.0-30wt%可溶性活性成分);和
(2)一种或多种香料活性成分,
其中,相对于含有大于约35%可溶性表面活性剂活性成分的皂条组合物,所述组合物提供增强的香料递送;
其中溶解性通过在40℃在水中溶解大于约1wt%表面活性剂活性成分或活性成分组合(例如,如果组合的溶解性大于单个组分的溶解性)定义。
皂条的其余部分(例如0.1-65wt%)可以含有0.5-20wt%优选0.5-15wt%水和0.5-99wt%优选1-70wt%“填料材料”。
这些填料材料可以是任何可以保持在一起或“构造皂条”的物质,包括不可溶性活性成分(不可溶性皂和/或脂肪酸)、有机和无机构造剂(structurant)材料以及可以用作皂条组分的成千上万种材料中的任何一种。
唯一的限制是可溶性表面活性剂不超过皂条的35wt%,并且所述皂条足够坚固从而能够用作“皂条”(例如,通过标准干酪-线方法使用200g重量和0.5毫米的干酪线直径测量,具有至少90kPa的屈服应力)。
在第二实施方案中,本发明包括增强香料的香料沉积/持久性的方法,该方法包括相对于含有大于约35%(通常是40-70%)可溶性表面活性剂活性成分的通常的皂条,最小化皂条中可溶性表面活性剂活性成分的水平。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,本发明涉及皂条组合物,该皂条组合物含有:
(1)20-75%脂肪酸皂和游离脂肪酸混合物(其大部分是不可溶的,但是有一些可以是可溶的);
(2)0-20%合成表面活性剂活性成分;和
(3)余量的水、辅助成分(minors)和填料/其它皂条组分,
其中可溶的活性成分(1)和(2)的百分数小于总皂条组合物的约35wt%;以及其中相对于标准对照物(例如85/15皂条)PEF≥约2.2,优选大于2.3,更优选大于2.5。
将参考附图只通过实施例的方式对本发明进行描述,其中:
-图1是给出香料分配分数的图。该图表明绝大部分香料将分配进入可溶性滤出液。不想被理论所束缚,认为正是这个原因才导致应该最小化可溶性表面活性剂的百分数,即把导致不能得到良好香料性能的经由可溶性组分的香料损失最小化。
-图2是表面活性剂对香料的比例以及其对两种不同香料组分的影响。两种组分都分配进入表面活性剂相,因此提供更高的表面活性剂对香料比例(即更大的表面活性剂含量),并且香料影响被降低;
-图3是对于2∶1油酸钠∶月桂酸钠体系,表面活性剂对香料比例对香料性能的作用。增加表面活性剂∶香料比例导致香料影响降低;
-图4是在表面活性剂溶液中随着表面活性剂对香料比例的增加,乙酸苄酯和苧烯的预测的影响值。所述比例越高,香料影响越小;
-图5是比较具有不同固体水平的皂体系的GC顶空(headspace)数据的图。一般来说,具有“高固体”(即可溶性皂数量更少)的那些具有显著更高的香味顶空。这样一来,具有更低数量可溶性皂的皂条将具有更大的香料影响;
-图6给出了不同稀释程度的两种皂条溶液的GC数据,一种含有1%香料,另一种含有4%香料。相对于表面活性剂增加香料水平也增强了溶液上方的香料影响。
-图7给出了沉积在皮肤上香料的来自SPME测量的GC数据。该图对比了配制有“高固体”(低可溶性表面活性剂)的皂条和具有低固体(高可溶性活性成分)的对照皂条的香料沉积。很明显,该图表明使用“高固体”皂条更多的香味沉积在皮肤上;和
-图8给出了沉积在皮肤上香料的来自SPME测量的GC数据。该图对比了含有1%香料的皂条和含有4%香料的皂条(相同的高可溶性活性成分配方)的沉积。同样,该图表明增加香料∶可溶性表面活性剂比例提供更大的香料沉积。
本发明涉及含有香料的皂条组合物,和涉及使用皂条组合物增强香料保留/持久性的方法,其中该皂条组合物具有不超过以总皂条重量计的限定百分数数量的可溶性活性成分。认为可溶性的表面活性剂活性成分增强香料分配进入活性成分中,从而减少可以得到的香料并降低香料性能。
限定低水平可溶性活性成分的另一种方法是限定可溶性表面活性剂∶香料比例。特别是,当表面活性剂对香料的比例降低时,可以发现香料的活性或影响增加。该比例在“典型的”皂条中可能是60∶1,然而在本发明的组合物中该比例低于40∶1,优选低于35∶1,更优选低于30∶1,更加优选低于25∶1。该比例越低,香料影响越大。
而该比例,正如已经指出的那样,可以通过降低可溶性表面活性剂(包括合成表面活性剂和/或可溶性皂)的水平和/或通过增加香料水平来降低。
因此本发明的关键之处真正在于最终皂条组合物中可溶性表面活性剂的总数量低于皂条组合物的约35%,因为在使用中香料更容易分配进入可溶性表面活性剂(而不是任何不可溶性表面活性剂)中,从而更容易被洗掉并最终降低香料性能。
因此,和可溶性表面活性剂的类型没有关系,关键在于可溶性表面活性剂(或表面活性剂的混合物或复合物)是定义为在40℃温度在水中的溶解性大于1wt%的表面活性剂。如果表面活性剂根本不满足该溶解性限制,那么对可以使用的“不可溶性”表面活性剂的数量就没有限制。正是由于这个原因,所以相对于可溶性表面活性剂增加不可溶性表面活性剂的数量(或相反,减少皂条组合物中可溶性表面活性剂的数量)是一种增加香味性能(例如使用中的香味沉积或香味持久性)的方法。
上述方法如何发生作用的例子是考虑不同链长脂肪酸皂的混合物。如以上所表明的,短链长脂肪酸/脂肪酸皂(例如,通常短于C16,特别是短于C14)是“可溶性的”(并因此有时也被认为是“harsher”),而例如C16及以上链长的饱和脂肪酸/脂肪酸皂通常是不可溶性的。通过增加长链长饱和皂对短链长饱和皂的比例(如申请人为不同原因在共同未决的、共同提交的申请中所作的那样,其中所述申请涉及具有相对低的合成物质的基于脂肪酸/脂肪酸皂的皂条),可以增强香料持久性或作用。
特别是,在一个实施方案中本发明包括:
(1)0.5-35wt%可溶性表面活性剂/活性成分;
(2)香料;
(3)0.5-20wt%,优选0.5-15wt%水;和
(4)0.1-99wt%,优选1-70wt%填料,所述填料可以包含构造材料,所述构造材料包括不可溶性活性成分和起构造和填充作用的有机和无机材料。
(1)的可溶性活性成分/表面活性剂的数量不超过总皂条的35wt%,否则相对于含有例如大于约35%可溶性活性成分的皂条,将观察不到本发明的增强作用。换句话说,只有可溶性表面活性剂少于皂条组合物的35wt%的那些皂条具有≥2.2的性能增强因子PEF,优选≥2.3,更优选≥2.5,所述性能增强因子基于从皂条沉积的香料相对于从标准对照皂条沉积的香料的比值。
关于表面活性剂/活性成分,对活性成分的种类没有限制。所述活性成分可以是本领域技术人员公知的阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、两性/两性离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂中的任何一种,唯一的条件是不超过35%的活性成分(包括混合物或复合物)是可溶性的,其中溶解性定义为在40℃在水中至少1wt%可溶。
香料分子包括但不限于:
乙酰基茴香醚(acetanisol)、乙酸戊酯、茴香醛、茴香醚、茴香醇、苯甲醛、乙酸苄酯、苄基丙酮、苄醇、甲酸苄酯、己烯醇、d-香芹酮、肉桂醛、肉桂醇、乙酸肉桂酯、甲酸肉桂酯、乙酸顺-3-己烯酯、Cyclal C(2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醛)、二羟基吲哚、二甲基苄基甲醇、乙酸乙酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙基香草醛、丙酸三环癸烯酯、糠醛、己醛、己烯醇、氢化阿托醇(hydratropicalcohol)、羟基香茅醛、吲哚、异戊醇、乙酸异胡薄荷酯、异喹啉、女贞醛、氧化芳樟醇、甲基苯乙酮、甲戊酮、邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸甲酯、甲基苄基乙酸酯、甲基庚烯酮、甲庚酮、甲基苯基甲基乙酸酯(methyl phenyl carbinyl acetate)、水杨酸甲酯、辛内酯、对甲酚、对甲氧基苯乙酮、对甲基苯乙酮、苯乙醇、苯氧基乙醇、苯基乙醛、乙酸苯基乙酯、苯基乙醇、乙酸异戊烯酯、丁酸丙酯、黄樟脑、香草醛、苯乙醛二甲缩醛、己酸烯丙酯、庚酸烯丙酯、茴香醚、莰烯、香芹酚、香芹酮、柠檬醛、香茅醛、香茅醇、乙酸香茅醇酯、香茅腈、香豆素、乙酸环己基乙酯、对异丙基苯甲烷、癸醛、二氢月桂烯醇、乙酸二氢月桂烯醇酯、二甲基辛醇、乙基芳樟醇、乙基己基酮、桉叶油素、乙酸葑醇酯、香叶醇、gernyl formate、异丁酸己烯酯、乙酸己酯、新戊酸己酯、庚醛、乙酸异冰片酯、异丁子香酚、异薄荷酮、乙酸异壬酯、异壬醇、异薄荷醇、异胡薄荷醇、苧烯、芳樟醇、乙酸里哪醇酯、乙酸薄荷醇酯、甲基佳味酚、甲基辛基乙醛、月桂烯、萘、橙花醇、橙花醛、壬醛、2-壬酮、乙酸壬酯、辛醇、辛醛、α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、玫瑰醚、α-萜品烯、γ-萜品烯、α-萜品醇、萜品油烯、乙酸萜品酯、四氢芳樟醇、四氢月桂烯醇、十一碳烯醛、藜芦醚、乙酸邻叔丁基环己酯、环己烷丙酸烯丙酯、黄葵内酯、Ambrox DL(十二氢-3a,6,6,9a-四甲基-萘并[2,1-b]呋喃)、苯甲酸戊酯、肉桂酸戊酯、戊基肉桂醛、水杨酸戊酯、茴香脑、橙花素、二苯甲酮、丁酸苄酯、异戊酸苄酯、水杨酸苄酯、杜松烯、campylcyclohexal、雪松醇、乙酸柏木酯、肉桂酸肉桂酯、异丁酸香茅醇酯、丙酸香茅醇酯、枯茗醛、水杨酸环己酯、仙客来醛、二氢异茉莉酮酸酯、二苯基甲烷、苯醚、十二烷醛、十二内酯、巴西酸亚乙酯、乙基甲基苯基缩水甘油酸酯、十一碳烯酸乙酯、十五内酯、GaloxilideTM(1,3,4,6,7,8-六氢-4,6,6,7,8,8-六甲基-环戊-γ-2-苯并吡喃)、乙酸香叶酯、异丁酸香叶酯、十六内酯、水杨酸己烯酯、己基肉桂醛、水杨酸己酯、α-紫罗酮、β-紫罗酮、γ-紫罗酮、α-鸢尾酮、苯甲酸异丁酯、异丁基喹啉、Iso E SuperTM(7-acettl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-八氢-1,1,6,7-四甲基萘)、顺-茉莉酮、铃兰醛、苯甲酸里哪醇酯、20甲氧基萘、肉桂酸甲酯、甲基丁子香酚、γ-甲基紫罗酮、methyl linolate、亚麻酸甲酯、musk indanone、麝香酮、musk tibetine、肉豆蔻醚、乙酸橙花醇酯、δ-壬内酯、γ-壬内酯、广藿香醇、粉檀麝香、苯甲酸苯基乙酯、乙酸苯基乙基苯酯、苯基庚醇、苯基己醇、α-檀香醇、环十五内酯、吐纳麝香、δ-十一内酯、γ-十一内酯、乙酸对叔丁基环已酯、乙酸香根酯、β-萘基甲基醚、衣兰烯。
“填料”材料是皂条中除“可溶性”表面活性剂、水和香料或香料成分以外的所有其它物质。应该理解,“填料”本身可以是可溶性的,并且如上所述,其只定义为明确指出的表面活性剂、香料或水以外的物质。
所述构造剂可以是长链优选直链的和饱和的(例如C16-C24)脂肪酸、脂肪酸皂或其酯衍生物;和/或支链长链、优选直链的和饱和的醇或醚衍生物。
构造剂可以是MW为2000-20000的聚亚烷基二醇。
可以用作构造剂和或填料的其它成分包括淀粉、糖类、麦芽糖糊精和其它多糖。它们也可包括蜡和未皂化的脂肪。
也可以使用无机填料,例如滑石、高岭土、粘土和钙盐。
构造助剂也可以选自用疏水部分化学改性的水溶性聚合物,例如EO-PO嵌段共聚物,疏水改性的PEG例如POE(200)-硬脂酸甘油酯、glucam DOE 120(PEG 120甲基葡萄糖二油酸酯)和Hodag CSA-102(PEG-150硬脂酸酯),和来自Rewo Chemicals的Rewoderm(R)(PEG改性的甘油基椰子酸酯(cocoate)、棕榈酸酯(palmate)或牛油酸酯(tallowate))。
可以使用的其它构造助剂包括Amerchol Polymer HM 1500(Nonoxynyl Hydroethyl Cellulose)。
此外,本发明的皂条组合物可以包括下述的任选成分:螯合剂,例如乙二胺四乙酸四钠(EDTA)、EHDP或混合物,数量为0.01-1%,优选0.01-0.05%;和着色剂,遮光剂和珠光剂(pearlizers)例如硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸镁、TiO2、EGMS(乙二醇单硬脂酸酯)或Lytron 621(苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物);所有这些成分都可以用于增强产品的外观或化妆性质。
所述组合物可以进一步包括抗菌剂例如2-羟基-4,2’,4’-三氯二苯醚(DP300);防腐剂例如二羟甲基二甲基乙内酰脲(Glydant XL1000)、对羟基苯甲酸酯、山梨酸等等。
所述组合物也可以含有椰油酰基单-或二乙醇酰胺作为泡沫增强剂,以及为了有利目的也可以使用强离子化盐例如氯化钠和硫酸钠。
有利地,也可以使用抗氧化剂例如丁化羟基甲苯(BHT),数量为约0.01%或更高的合适数量。
可以使用的作为调节剂的阳离子聚合物包括Quatrisoft LM-200Polyquaternium-24,Merquat Plus 3330-Polyquaternium 39;和Jaguar(R)类型的调节剂。
可以使用的作为调节剂的聚乙二醇包括:
Polyox WSR-205 PEG 14M,
Polyox WSR-N-60K PEG 45M,或
Polyox WSR-N-750 PEG 7M。
可以包含的其它成分是磨砂材料(exfoliants)例如聚氧乙烯微珠、胡桃壳和杏仁(apricot seeds)。
在一个具体实施方案中,本发明涉及脂肪酸皂/脂肪酸基皂条,包含:
(1)20-75wt%脂肪酸/脂肪酸皂;
(2)0-20%合成活性成分;
(3)余量水和填料(遵照限定);
其中(1)和(2)以及(3)(如果存在的话)的可溶性活性成分的百分数少于总皂条的约35wt%;和
其中相对于标准对照皂条PEF≥2.2,优选大于2.3,更优选大于2.5。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及增强来自皂条的香料性能(例如沉积的/持久性)的方法,其中所述皂条包括:
(1)表面活性剂活性成分;
(2)香料;
(3)水;和
(4)填料
其中所述方法包括相对于不可溶性表面活性剂活性成分和/或填料降低可溶性表面活性剂活性成分的水平。尤其是,皂条具有的可溶性活性成分水平应该低于最终皂条组合物的35%,优选低于30%,并且相对于标准对照皂条PEF≥2.2。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,本发明涉及增强来自皂条的香料沉积/持久性的方法,其中所述皂条包括:
(1)表面活性剂活性成分;
(2)香料;
(3)水;和
(4)填料
其中所述方法包括增加香料水平。
实施例
除了在操作和对比实施例中或者明确指出的位置以外,在该说明书中表示材料或条件或反应的数量或比例、材料的物理性质和/或用途的所有数字都应该理解为受到词语“约”修饰。
当用于说明书中时,术语“包含”意指包括所声明的特征、整数、步骤、组分的存在,但是不排出一种或多种特征、整数、步骤、组分或它们的组的存在或加入。
下面的实施例目的是进一步说明本发明,并不是用于以任何方式限制本发明。
除非另有说明,否则所有的百分数都是指重量百分数。此外,所有的范围应理解为包括范围的两个端值以及范围内的所有数值。
实施例1
为了更好的理解皂条组合物怎样影响香料的持久性,使用标准85/15皂条(85%牛脂和15%椰子油)对可溶性和不可溶性表面活性剂对香味性能的整体作用进行了研究。在考虑85/15皂条中的脂肪酸皂比例时,可以很容易地预测当稀释或使用时多少皂将会溶解。由于皂条的50-60%是油酸钠和月桂酸钠(可溶性皂),因此可以设想至少该数量使用足够的水将会溶解。
进行研究来确定多少香料分配进入经稀释的皂体系的可溶性和不可溶性部分。据此,然后研究了两模型“浆料(mortar)”体系和三模型皂体系来确定皂条重可溶性和不可溶性表面活性剂对实际香料性能的作用。
为了了解皂条使用期间香料的分配去向,制备香味85/15皂的5%稀释液,过滤并漂洗固体。萃取(使用Soxtherm提取器)三个样品(固体,过滤液,漂洗液)来确定每个相中的香料数量。经过滤的85/15皂的萃取表明,约74%的香料存在于过滤液中,其中该过滤液含有皂的约45%(可溶性部分)。因此,一旦稀释,可溶性皂对香料的比例实际上是50-55∶1,正如通过典型85/15(牛脂/椰子油)皂中的脂肪酸分布可以预测的那样。这可以从图1看出。因此这清楚地表明香料分配进入可溶性可溶性部分。
实施例2
使用实施例1的香料分配信息(例如,大部分香料与可溶性表面活性剂在一起,因此不能用于增强的香料作用),申请人用一定范围的具有不同皂/香料比例的可溶性皂条体系建立了一套模型研究。具体地,使用具有1∶1比例的月桂酸钠和油酸钠的可溶性皂模型(皂∶香料比例20∶1-60∶1),并与含有1%香料(1∶1乙酸苄酯∶苧烯混合物)的85/15皂条对比。对于每个样品制备五个皂稀释液,40%,25%,10%,5%和1%。图2给出了每个样品在每个稀释点的平衡顶空测量结果(以样品中mg香料而不是稀释百分数作图)。
可以看出,对于这些香料组分的每一种,随着表面活性剂∶香料比例增加(更多可溶性皂组分的函数),香料影响或GC(气相色谱)面积计数下降,并且在皂∶香料比例为60∶1时香料影响接近85/15皂条的香料影响。
不拘束于理论,认为,由于苧烯如此易于挥发,所以它在低香料水平达到香料饱和,从而甚至在5%皂样品中香料顶空也达到平台。乙酸苄酯不那么易于挥发,所以在大部分样品中还没有达到顶空饱和。甚至在这些条件下,对于两种分子也都可以很明显得看出,,可溶性表面活性剂的数量极大地影响香料性能,并且60∶1的皂∶香料比例比其它全部样品更加清楚地表现了来自皂条的结果。
实施例3
实施例2的实验用2∶1油酸钠∶月桂酸钠体系进行重复。该2∶1皂坯体系在香料性能方面显示了类似的趋势,再次表明增加表面活性剂∶香料比例导致降低乙酸苄酯∶苧烯混合物(1∶1)的香料影响(图3)。
实施例4
用于如图4所示类似稀释曲线的数学模型被用来计算基于香料类型和香料∶表面活性剂比例的理论香料性能。为十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/乙酸苄酯和SDS/苧烯计算稀释曲线。这些曲线与得到的实验值吻合地相当好。计算的数据在图中显示为实线,而符号表示实际数据点(图4)。这证实了在使用85/15皂条期间实现的实际表面活性剂∶香料比例是~50-60∶1的设想,并且这很可能推动香料性能。
实施例5-可溶性/不可溶性皂对皂条中香料性能的作用
模型皂体系的GC分析和理论预测表明皂条中可溶性皂的数量直接与香料性能相关。也就是说,皂条中可溶性皂含量越高,香味影响越低从而沉积越低。
为了在实际皂条中检测该理论,确定几种简化的含有不同水平可溶性/不可溶性皂的皂体系。制备这些皂条最简单的路径是向2∶1油酸钠∶月桂酸钠模型浆料中加入不可溶性长链皂(硬脂酸钠)。选择了三种模型皂体系并直接与标准85∶15皂对比。第一模型皂条是“低固体”样品,由20%硬脂酸钠和80%2∶1油酸钠/月桂酸钠组成,第二模型皂条是“高固体”样品,由80%硬脂酸钠和20%2∶1油酸钠/月桂酸钠组成。除了这些体系之外,制备由47.5%ASAD钠(硬脂酸钠和棕榈酸钠(sodium palmatate)的混合物)/14.9%椰子酸钠/37.6%油酸钠组成的85/15模型体系。
增加该85/15模型体系是为了确定在具有相似I.V.值(碘值-与不饱和水平相关)的皂中组成的微小变化是否会影响香料性能。在这些皂坯中测试的两种香料是1∶1乙酸苄酯∶苧烯混合物和一种标准香料混合物,剂量都是1wt%。
在制备这些皂条体系之后,对固体样品在不同的皂条稀释情况(40%,25%,10%,5%和1%)实施平衡GC顶空测试。正如所预测的那样,降低可溶性皂的水平(“高固体”皂条)直接增强了皂坯中的香料影响。GC结果表明85/15、85/15模型体系和“低固体”皂条都具有相似的香料顶空曲线,而只含有20%可溶性皂的“高固体”皂条具有显著更高的香味顶空(图5)。
实施例6-通过加入香料降低比例
降低可溶性皂∶香料比例的另一种方法是向皂条中加入更多的香料。如果目标是在皂条中得到可以与洗浴液中的香料性能相对比的香料性能,那么匹配可溶性表面活性剂∶香料比例是非常重要的。典型的洗浴液配制有15-20%表面活性剂和1%香料,所以可溶性皂∶香料的比例是~20∶1。
为了在其中可溶性皂∶香料比例为~65∶1的标准85∶15皂条中模拟这种比例,在皂条中必须配制4%香料(即可溶性皂∶香料比例为~65∶4)。制备含有4%香料的标准85∶15皂条来检验该理论。如所预期的那样,与含有1%香料的85∶15皂条比较,表面活性剂∶香料比例从85∶1降低到20∶1显著增加产品上面的香料顶空(图10)。
实施例7-固体相微萃取结果
在经过洗涤的皮肤上的香料性能是确定作为来自稀释产品的影响测量的实验差异是否能够预测在使用条件下实际香味沉积的最终测试。固相微萃取(SPME)被用于收集使用产品洗涤皮肤之后的皮肤上的香料,然后SPME针被注射入GC进行分析。
该SPME实验使用“高固体”皂条(~20∶1可溶性皂∶香料比例)和85/15对照皂条(~65∶1可溶性皂∶香料比例)进行,这两种皂条都含有1%香料(图6)。在“高固体”皂条中表面活性剂∶香料比例是20∶1,这是通过降低实际皂条中可溶性表面活性剂的数量实现的。同样,正如所预计的那样,分析结果表明降低皂条中可溶性表面活性剂的数量显著增加香料沉积。
降低可溶性皂∶香料比例的另一种方法是向皂条中加入更多的香料。如果目标是在皂条中得到可以与洗浴液中的香料性能相对比的香料性能,那么匹配可溶性表面活性剂∶香料比例是非常重要的。为了模拟只含有20%可溶性活性成分和1%香料的低活性成分皂条,其中可溶性皂∶香料比例为~65∶1的标准85∶15皂条必须在皂条中配制有4%香料(即可溶性皂∶香料比例为~65∶4)。
制备含有4%香料的标准85∶15皂条来检测该理论,在使用0.5g含有1%香料的85/15皂条和0.12g含有4.25%香料的85/15皂条洗涤的手臂上进行相似的SPME沉积实验(图7)。所以,在两个实验中,向皮肤施加了相同剂量的香料,这两个样品之间的唯一区别是表面活性剂∶香料比例。该SPME分析的结果表明,当增加配制的香料数量从而使得皂条重可溶性表明活性剂∶香料比例是~20∶1时,沉积在皮肤上的香料数量显著增加,虽然结果不如降低皂条中可溶性活性成分含量那样明显。
虽然增加典型85/15皂条中的香料数量提供了更大的沉积,但这却是以难以承受的成本实现的,并且含有4%香料的标准皂条气味十分强烈(对于消费者的喜好来说过于强烈)。更有效地使用通常加入到皂条中的1%香料将会是优选的技术方案,并且使用更低的可溶性活性成分含量配制皂条可以实现该目标。
实施例8
具有低数量可溶性表面活性剂的皂条清洁组合物的一个例子主要包括皂/脂肪酸组合物,所述皂/脂肪酸组合物可以通过使含有低mol%不饱和脂肪酸(0-12.5mol%);50-87.5mol%链长C16或更长的脂肪酸;和12.5-50mol%苛性碱(caustic)(导致完全中和的量的50%)的组分反应形成皂条前体来制备,其中该皂条前体然后可以和至多25%合成活性成分混合。这种最终皂条具有高数量的皂/脂肪酸,然而加工和泡沫性能出人意料得好。
这类皂条描述于Kerschner等人的共同未决的名称为“Fatty AcidSoap/Fatty Acid Bars Which Process And Have Good Lather”的申请中,该申请与本申请在同一天提交并且通过引用引入本申请作为参考。
此类组合物(其可以按照所指出的通过用苛性碱中和脂肪酸制备,或通过简单混合预先形成的皂和脂肪酸制备)的一个例子如下:
皂/脂肪酸摩尔比例 | ||
C16/C18 | C18∶1 | NaOH |
75 | 0 | 25 |
标称组合物 | 重量% | |
皂 | 46 | |
脂肪酸 | 25 | |
阴离子(脂肪醇醚硫酸盐) | 7.5 | |
椰油基羟基乙磺酸钠 | 7.5 | |
水 | 9 | |
钠LAS | 5 |
实施例9
制备了很多不同的个人清洁皂条,并且使用SPME通过在洗涤之后立即收集经洗涤的手臂上的香味测量香味沉积,然后用GC分析吸收的纤维(fiber)。
如果来自标准85/15皂条的香味沉积设定为1.0,那么通过测定不同个人清洁皂条沉积的香料与标准对照皂条沉积的香料的比值,可以计算每个产品的香料增强因子(PEF)。典型地,如果PEF≥2.2-2.5,那么可以注意到消费者可感觉的香味沉积差异。下表列出了从在不同的人身上实施的几个洗涤进行平均得到的不同个人清洁制剂的香料增强因子以及产品中的总可溶性活性成分含量。随着可溶性表面活性剂的数量减至<35%,可以注意到可感觉消费者益处(PEF≥2.2)。
产品# | %可溶性活性成分 | PEF(平均) |
1 | 50 | 1 |
2 | 45 | 1.06 |
3 | 40 | 2.1 |
4 | 40 | 1.8 |
5 | 30 | 2.75 |
6 | 30 | 3.2 |
7 | 23 | 3.9 |
8 | 22 | 5.1 |
9 | 20 | 3.8 |
10 | 20 | 4.2 |
11 | 20 | 4.7 |
12 | 20 | 6.0 |
13 | 18 | 2.5 |
14 | 18 | 3.3 |
15 | 15 | 3.5 |
产品1-14的配方成分总结如下:
产品1(85/15皂配方)含有84.75%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、14.25%水和1%香料;
产品2含有80%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、8.57%山梨糖醇、4%甘油、1%香料、1.5%三乙醇胺、1.5%丙二醇、2.87%水、0.56%氯化钠;
产品3含有65.50%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、20%硬脂酸钠、13.5%水和1%香料;
产品4含有65.5%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、20%皂化硬化牛脂、13.5%水和1%香料;
产品5含有45.5%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、40%硬脂酸钠、13.5%水和1%香料;
产品6含有45.5%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、40%皂化硬化牛脂、13.5%水和1%香料;
产品7含有51.9%硬脂酸钠/棕榈酸钠混合物、10%Dove noodles、7.24%水、7%月桂基磺基琥珀酸二钠、7%月桂基(聚氧乙烯)醚硫酸钠、5%甘油、4%椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、3.11%脂肪酸、3%PEG 1450、1.75%香料;
产品8含有33.65%硬脂酸/棕榈酸混合物、18.28%钠皂、10.57%柠檬酸钠、10%脂肪酸酯磺酸盐(Alpha-Step PC-48)、10%椰油基羟基乙磺酸钠、9%水、5%甘油、2%十二烷基苯磺酸钠、1%香料和0.5%二氧化钛;
产品9含有45.4%硬脂酸/棕榈酸混合物、24.53%硬脂酸钠/棕榈酸钠混合物、20%椰油基氨基乙酸钠、9.07%水和1%香料;
产品10含有42.8%硬脂酸/棕榈酸混合物、23.16%硬脂酸钠/棕榈酸钠混合物、20%伯醇硫酸酯钠盐(Sasolfin 23S)、7.54%水、5%甘油、1%香料(fragrance)和0.5%二氧化钛;
产品11含有60%皂化硬化牛脂、25.5%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、13.5%水和1%香料;
产品12含有60%硬脂酸钠、25.5%85(牛脂)/15(椰子油)皂、13.5%水和1%香料;
产品13含有55%蔗糖、5%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮40k、15%月桂酸钠、2%十二烷基硫酸钠、1.75%香料、0.5%TiO2、0.2%EDTA、0.5%EHDP和20.05%水;
产品14含有40%蔗糖、20%maltodextran 250、15%月桂酸钠、2%十二烷基硫酸钠、1.75%香料、0.5%TiO2、0.2%EDTA、0.5%EHDP和20.05%水;
产品15含有42.6%硬脂酸/棕榈酸混合物、23%硬脂酸钠/棕榈酸钠混合物、15%伯醇硫酸酯钠盐(Sasolfin 23S)、8%滑石、5%甘油、5.4%水和1%香料。
实施例10-感觉小组(sensory panel)评价结果
为了确定所测量的从皮肤释放的香味增加是否能真正被人感觉到,使用经过训练的感觉小组来评价和测量用这些产品洗涤的手臂上的香味强度。在该研究中,进行对比的两个产品是实施例9的产品1(85/15皂对照产品)和产品10(低活性成分皂条)。该研究将提供大于2.5的PEF是否通过人鼻子可感觉到的信息。
在该研究中,所有的“洗涤对象”都使用两种产品进行洗涤,从而可以对产品进行直接对比,而不必考虑香味性质在单个人中的差异(不同的沉积、不同的香味气味和不同的背景气味)。这将允许不必考虑洗涤个体的特性而比较产品性能。结果示于表2中,感觉反应记录为评价小组成员在不同时间点对所有三个洗涤对象所记录的强度评价分数的平均值。
表2:产品1和产品10的香味强度感觉分数
洗涤后的时间 | 平均感觉分数 | |
产品1(~50%可溶性表面活性剂) | 5分钟 | 28.5 |
60分钟 | 12.2 | |
产品10(~20%可溶性表面活性剂) | 5分钟 | 51.5* |
60分钟 | 26.5* |
*95%置信水平下不同
表2中的结果表示评价小组在洗涤后5分钟和60分钟对所有六条经洗涤的手臂的平均评价分数。每个人都用两种产品洗涤,一种产品洗涤一条手臂,另一种产品洗涤另外一条手臂(洗涤的手臂是随机的)。从结果可以很明显的看出,来自用产品10洗涤的皮肤的香味影响的可感觉性大于用产品1洗涤的皮肤的香味影响,并且这些差满足95%置信水平。该感觉小组平均结果与分析测试符合得相当好,并且对于提供大于2.5的可测量PEF的其它产品也注意到了类似的结果。
Claims (13)
1.皂条组合物,含有:
(a)0.5-35%一种或多种可溶性表面活性剂活性成分;
(b)香料;
(c)0.5-20wt%水;
(d)0.1-99wt%填料,
其中溶解性通过在40℃在水中溶解大于约1wt%表面活性剂活性成分或活性成分组合定义;
其中该皂条具有≥2.2的性能增强因子PEF,所述性能增强因子基于从该皂条沉积的香料相对于从标准对照皂条沉积的香料的比值。
2.权利要求1的皂条组合物,含有不超过30wt%的可溶性表面活性剂活性成分。
3.权利要求1或2的皂条组合物,其中所述表面活性剂活性成分选自阴离子、非离子、两性/两性离子/阳离子表面活性剂和它们的混合物。
4.前述权利要求任一项的皂条组合物,其中填料是除表面活性剂、水或香料以外的任何材料。
5.权利要求4的皂条组合物,其中填料包括聚乙二醇、淀粉、麦芽糖糊精、多糖或它们的混合物。
6.权利要求4的皂条组合物,其中所述填料是长链饱和脂肪酸和长链饱和脂肪酸皂的混合物。
7.权利要求6的皂条组合物,在最终皂/脂肪酸混合物中包含0-12.5mol%不饱和脂肪酸和少于5wt%的C14或更低链长物质。
8.前述权利要求任一项的皂条组合物,其中该皂条的PEF≥2.3。
9.前述权利要求任一项的皂条组合物,其中该皂条的PEF≥2.5。
10.增强来自皂条的香料的性能的方法,其中该皂条包含(a)表面活性剂、(b)香料、(c)水和(d)填料,该方法包括相对于不可溶性表面活性剂活性成分和/或填料降低可溶性表面活性剂的水平。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中得到的皂条具有低于35wt%的可溶性活性成分水平,并且最终皂条组合物的香料增强因子≥2.2。
12.权利要求10或11的方法,其中通过增强的沉积和/或持久性定义香料性能。
13.增强来自皂条的香料的性能的方法,该方法包括相对于可溶性活性成分含量增加香料水平。
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RU2006125117A (ru) | 2008-01-20 |
RU2356940C2 (ru) | 2009-05-27 |
WO2005068601A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
ZA200602874B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
US6852681B1 (en) | 2005-02-08 |
BRPI0415720B1 (pt) | 2019-01-22 |
EP1704220A1 (en) | 2006-09-27 |
MY138023A (en) | 2009-04-30 |
JP5492941B2 (ja) | 2014-05-14 |
JP2012211328A (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
EP1704220B1 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
ES2427350T3 (es) | 2013-10-30 |
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AU2004313680A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
CN100475945C (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
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