CN1902187A - 催化剂制备方法 - Google Patents

催化剂制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1902187A
CN1902187A CNA2004800400352A CN200480040035A CN1902187A CN 1902187 A CN1902187 A CN 1902187A CN A2004800400352 A CNA2004800400352 A CN A2004800400352A CN 200480040035 A CN200480040035 A CN 200480040035A CN 1902187 A CN1902187 A CN 1902187A
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W·H·奥尼穆斯
B·库克
E·莫拉莱斯
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Abstract

通过将常规方法制备的TS-1进行尺寸减小处理如磨碎处理,使TS-1的体积加权平均粒径减小到低于10微米并将尺寸减小的TS-1喷雾干燥的方法来制备适用于环氧烷化合物生产的TS-1催化剂。

Description

催化剂制备方法
                    发明领域
本发明涉及催化剂制备方法,特别是喷雾干燥TS-1(任选含粘结剂)的方法,具体改进之处在于喷雾干燥前将喷雾干燥的进料中固体颗粒的体积加权平均粒径减小到10微米以下、优选低于5微米。
                    先有技术描述
在某些化学过程如环氧丙烷的生产过程中,所用的重要催化剂是TS-1,即钛硅沸石。例如参见美国专利6441204B1、6498259B1、6555493B2等。
尽管喷雾干燥TS-1的方法在先有技术如美国专利4824976和6551546B1中已有论述,包括干燥前先将TS-1磨碎成低于200微米尺寸的步骤,现已发现,在喷雾干燥之前将TS-1的尺寸减小到远低于现有技术的200微米上限的尺寸能使所得催化剂在应用于环氧丙烷生产时有显著改进。
                    发明概述
按照本发明,按传统方法制备的TS-1催化剂以及任何随带的粘结剂在喷雾干燥前要经尺寸减小步骤处理,使固体颗粒减小到体积加权平均粒径低于10微米且优选低于5微米的尺寸。
                    发明详述
用于本发明实际操作的钛硅沸石是采用众所周知的方法制备的。美国专利4833260给出了更为详尽的钛硅沸石制备方法的描述。
这样制成的TS-1颗粒适合用作过氧化氢与烯烃反应生产环氧烷过程的催化剂。此外,可将TS-1用贵金属如钯浸渍,并将浸渍产物用来催化氧气、氢气和烯烃的反应来生产环氧烷产物。例如参见日本公开特许4-352771、美国专利6281369、美国专利6005123、美国专利6008388等。
在生产环氧烷产物的实际反应过程中,TS-1或钛硅沸石催化剂常常是以固体催化剂颗粒于适当液体中的浆液或悬浮液形式使用。通常比较有利的做法是提供一种如氧化硅或氧化铝的粘结剂与TS-1联用来改进催化剂颗粒的物理特性。
在先有工艺中已采用喷雾干燥技术来生产TS-1催化剂颗粒,例如见美国专利4824976和6551546,并入作为参考。
现已发现,在喷雾干燥之前,按常规生产且与粘结剂混合的TS-1中体积加权平均粒径10-15微米的硬块占了很大部分。还发现这些较大硬块会导致由这些含硬块TS-1喷雾干燥制成的催化剂产物具有显著不均匀性,造成催化剂产物机械性能较差。
按照本发明,在喷雾干燥前,要先将TS-1本身或与粘结剂混合的TS-1进行尺寸减小处理如磨碎处理,使体积加权平均粒径减小到低于10微米且优选低于5微米。然后将磨碎的材料进行喷雾干燥,形成非常适合用作烯烃转化为环氧烷衍生物反应催化剂均匀粉末状产物。
按本发明进行的喷雾干燥前尺寸减小处理包括球磨、气流粉碎或任何先前已知的尺寸减小方法或是它们的组合方法。按照已知的风磨技术可无需加水就能进行尺寸减小处理。
最基本的一点就是要在喷雾干燥前将TS-1或TS-1与粘结剂混合物的体积加权平均粒径减小到低于10微米且优选低于5微米。
将磨碎的TS-1分散于含水载体中并按已知技术进行喷雾干燥。通常最好是在能生产后续环氧化反应所用的体积加权平均粒径为30-40微米产物的适合条件下进行喷雾干燥处理。为生产出所期望的产物,喷雾干燥操作中可调整的变量是进料浆液液滴尺寸和干燥器进料速度以及干燥空气温度和蒸发速度。
根据实验我们发现,进料速度越快,则液滴越大且所得颗粒越大。这是因为高进料速度使盘上漩流浆液层变厚,在雾化过程中料层和液滴增厚。另外,进料速度越快,则颗粒间和液滴间和液滴/颗粒碰撞率就大,干燥器内液滴和颗粒的密度会随进料速度而升高,使粒间碰撞可能性更大。我们已发现,单就尺寸原因而言较大颗粒本身强度较差,表面积与体积之比较低会使干燥颗粒吹透,水蒸汽流出物在表面吹出孔洞。这会产生形态差和强度差的颗粒。这些因素限制了雾化轮直径约6英寸时浆液流速为0.15-0.20gpm。采用上至0.8gpm的更高进料速度,则形态更恶劣且强度非常差。
在例如700-800空气进料温度下制成了很好的产品。大体上,进料空气温度越高,则干燥器内水蒸发体系就越热且蒸发速度就越快。但若蒸发太快,水蒸汽对颗粒有内应力,造成颗粒破裂、外侧吹出孔洞或颗粒自身瓦解成爆米花状碎片。因此,要求空气进料温度低于850、优选800甚或700更佳。
本文所用的TS-1可按常规方式例如美国专利4833260中描述的方式来制备。按照本发明,将TS-1(任选混有粘结剂如氧化硅)进行尺寸减小处理如磨碎处理使体积加权平均粒径减小到低于10微米且优选低于5微米直径,然后将尺寸减小的颗粒喷雾干燥成型为适合用于例如环氧烷如环氧丙烷生产过程催化剂的产品。
提供下列实施例来说明本发明。
实施例1
将400g的40wt%氢氧化四丙基铵(TPAOH)水溶液用水稀释到25wt%并在冰浴中冷却。连续搅拌条件下,向364g冷的搅拌的原硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)内慢慢加入8g冷的原钛酸四乙酯(TEOT)。将25wt%TPAOH溶液慢慢加入到TEOS/TEOT混合物中,并将所得混合物升至室温。然后将混合物放入金属高压釜内,慢慢升温至170℃并在170℃下恒温3天,形成TS-1晶体。从高压釜回收所得浆液,过滤分离出TS-1晶体并用水洗涤。将TS-1晶体于110℃下干燥并自550℃下焙烧。
焙烧后的TS-1的体积加权平均粒径大大超过20微米,通常颗粒的体积加权平均粒径大大超过100微米。将任选混合有粘结剂的干燥TS-1颗粒借助空气载体通过一个带有按回收颗粒所需的窄板间距的气流粉碎机,直到颗粒的体积加权平均粒径减小到尺寸低于5微米。用Malvern颗粒尺寸分析仪或类似仪器或扫描电镜来检查颗粒尺寸。
在一个装有搅拌器的槽内,将80磅水、16磅经焙烧、气流粉碎处理的TS-1和4磅无定形氧化硅混合,后者是平均粒径为5纳米的高纯胶质氧化硅。所得浆液经变速泵和输送管线连续送入8英尺直径的Niro Atomizer Corporation喷雾干燥器内,通过一个不锈钢叶片式雾化轮。喷雾干燥器由上圆筒段和与圆筒部件相接的下圆锥段构成。将用天然气(甲烷)燃烧预热到800(427℃)的空气送入干燥器的顶部。借助一个旋转星型排料阀将喷雾干燥后的颗粒收集到干燥器圆锥段底部处的一个容器内,容器的料口夹在旋转排料阀的底缘。废加热空气自干燥器圆锥段一侧排出,经水洗器、袋式过滤器和维持流经袋滤捕尘室空气流量的第二鼓风机排放到环境空气中。喷雾干燥产品的体积加权平均粒径为40微米,数加权均粒径为25微米。极少或没有产品的粒径低于10微米。颗粒为多孔性球,有坑或洞的部分极少。经扫描电镜测定,破碎或其它形态缺陷非常少。完全干燥后,理论上喷雾干燥TS-1的组成为80wt%TS-1和20wt%无定形氧化硅。
然后将Pd涂到喷雾干燥的材料上,以便形成环氧丙烷生产用催化剂。将喷雾干燥的TS-1组合物于110℃干燥并于550℃下在含氧气氛中焙烧。在施加最小机械搅拌的条件下,将70g干燥并焙烧的喷雾干燥TS-1组合物与0.259g四胺二氯化钯一水合物于250g去离子水中的溶液混合。将混合物加热到30℃并浸泡16小时,进行Pd离子交换。然后用标准10微米过滤器将混合物过滤,使固体与液体分开。将过滤后的固体用去离子水洗涤3次,在50℃烘箱内真空干燥,加热到110℃并恒温2小时。将干燥后的产物以2℃/min的速度升温到300℃并恒温4小时进行焙烧。将固体冷却并用氮气吹洗。通过在50℃下与含4%氢气的氮气接触4小时对催化剂进行还原处理。用氮气吹扫设备来除去氢气。理论上Pd为0.149wt%,最终催化剂的实验值为0.10wt%。
喷雾干燥前进行粒径减小处理的结果是喷雾干燥后TS-1的活性显著提高。此外,喷雾干燥后催化剂的环氧化反应活性高于预测值。环氧丙烷的比体积产率提高,相对于设备费用而言产率提高。
这样制备的催化剂可按已知方法用来催化环氧丙烷的生产过程。例如,制成包括10wt%上述原位成型催化剂的浆液,将氢气、氧气和丙烯按摩尔比约2∶1∶1.3送入浆液并于约65℃和850psig压力下进行反应,形成环氧丙烷。按已知方法处理来回收产物环氧丙烷。
上述实验方法可以若干途径变动,包括在TS-1制备过程中通过变动Ti化合物量来改变Ti的比例;改变所用TPAOH的相对量;在焙烧后喷雾干燥前将Pd加入TS-1;将残留氢氧化四丙基铵模板的TS-1喷雾干燥处理,之后再将喷雾干燥产物焙烧来除去模板;使用其它粘结剂,如使用无定形氧化铝和无定形氧化铝与氧化硅的混合物;加入另外的催化剂组分如金,可在加钯之后加入;其它材料如硝酸锌和氧化锌可与TS-1一起进行喷雾干燥,在此情形下,焙烧处理将使锌转化为氧化锌。

Claims (7)

1.制备适用于生产环氧烷化合物的TS-1催化剂颗粒的方法,改进之处是将TS-1颗粒的体积加权平均粒径减小到低于10微米并将尺寸减小的TS-1颗粒水悬浮液进行喷雾干燥。
2.生产环氧烷化合物的方法,包括烯烃与过氧化氢通过催化反应进行环氧化,其中的催化剂采用权利要求1的方法制备。
3.生产环氧烷化合物的方法,包括将烯烃、氢气和氧气在环氧化条件下在催化剂存在下进行反应,其中所述催化剂由负载于用权利要求1的方法生产的TS-1上的贵金属组成。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中催化剂颗粒还包括粘结剂。
5.权利要求2的方法,其中烯烃是丙烯。
6.权利要求3的方法,其中烯烃是丙烯。
7.权利要求3的方法,其中贵金属是钯。
CNA2004800400352A 2004-01-30 2004-12-13 催化剂制备方法 Pending CN1902187A (zh)

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US10/769,359 US7182932B2 (en) 2004-01-30 2004-01-30 Catalyst preparation
US10/769,359 2004-03-09
PCT/US2004/041808 WO2005075443A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2004-12-13 Catalyst preparation

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CN109721064A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 钛硅分子筛的生产方法以及由该方法生产的钛硅分子筛和氨肟化反应方法
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CN107986292B (zh) * 2016-10-27 2020-03-24 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种钛硅分子筛及其合成方法和应用

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CN102989502A (zh) * 2012-11-26 2013-03-27 天津大学 一种钛硅分子筛微球催化剂的制备方法
CN110461461A (zh) * 2017-04-06 2019-11-15 萨索尔德国有限公司 生产磨蚀稳定的粒状材料的方法
CN109721064A (zh) * 2017-10-31 2019-05-07 中国石油化工股份有限公司 钛硅分子筛的生产方法以及由该方法生产的钛硅分子筛和氨肟化反应方法
CN109721064B (zh) * 2017-10-31 2020-10-27 中国石油化工股份有限公司 钛硅分子筛的生产方法以及由该方法生产的钛硅分子筛和氨肟化反应方法

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BRPI0418476A (pt) 2007-06-19
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