CN1898231B - 用作趋化因子受体抑制剂的双六氢吡啶衍生物 - Google Patents
用作趋化因子受体抑制剂的双六氢吡啶衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1898231B CN1898231B CN2004800382299A CN200480038229A CN1898231B CN 1898231 B CN1898231 B CN 1898231B CN 2004800382299 A CN2004800382299 A CN 2004800382299A CN 200480038229 A CN200480038229 A CN 200480038229A CN 1898231 B CN1898231 B CN 1898231B
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- 125000002098 pyridazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005344 pyridylmethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C(=N1)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003230 pyrimidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012207 quantitative assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940063627 rescriptor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940064914 retrovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003757 reverse transcription PCR Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LYPGDCWPTHTUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;methanesulfinate Chemical compound [Na+].CS([O-])=O LYPGDCWPTHTUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940063675 spermine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanilamide Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 FDDDEECHVMSUSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCEXYHBECQHGNR-QZQOTICOSA-N sulfasalazine Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(\N=N\C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S(=O)(=O)NC=2N=CC=CC=2)=C1 NCEXYHBECQHGNR-QZQOTICOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940054565 sustiva Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DPKBAXPHAYBPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DBDCNCCRPKTRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-b]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=N1 DBDCNCCRPKTRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBNBDIMXFJYDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=NC=C2SC=CC2=N1 RBNBDIMXFJYDLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940125670 thienopyridine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002175 thienopyridine Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyanic acid Chemical compound SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004568 thiomorpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001425 triazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011295 triple combination therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940098802 viramune Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNAMDJVUJCJOIX-XVZWKFLSSA-N vytorin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1.N1([C@@H]([C@H](C1=O)CC[C@@H](O)C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PNAMDJVUJCJOIX-XVZWKFLSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009349 vytorin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940087450 zerit Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940052255 ziagen Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明于多个具体实施例中提供一类作为CCR5受体抑制剂的新颖双六氢吡啶化合物,制备该等化合物的方法,含一或多个该等化合物的医药组合物,制备包含一或多个该等化合物的医药调配物的方法,及使用该等化合物或医药组合物治疗、预防、抑制或改善与CCR5有关的一或多种疾病的方法。本发明也关于本发明化合物及一或多种抗病毒或其他用於治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)药剂的组合的用途。本发明又关于本发明化合物,单独的或与其他药剂的组合,在治疗固形器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主疾病、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、发炎性肠疾病、异位性皮炎、牛皮癣、气喘、过敏或多发性硬化上的用途。
Description
发明所属之技术领域
本发明关於用作趋化因子受体、特别是CCR5受体的选择性抑制剂的双六氢吡啶化合物,含此发明化合物的医药组合物,及使用本发明化合物的治疗方法。本发明也关於本发明化合物及一或多种抗病毒或其他用於治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)药剂的组合的用途。本发明又关於本发明化合物,单独的或与其他药剂的组合,在治疗实体器官移植排斥、移植物抗宿主疾病、关节炎、类风湿关节炎、发炎性肠疾病、异位性皮炎、牛皮癣、气喘、过敏或多发性硬化病上的用途。本申请要求2003年11月3日提交的美国临时专利申请案系列编号60/516,954号的优先权。
背景技术
由HIV,即後天免疫缺陷微侯群(即爱滋病,AIDS)病原体,所引起的全球性健康危机是毫无疑问的。虽则近年在药物治疗上的进步在减缓爱滋病的进展上是成功的,但仍需寻找更安全的,更有效的,更廉价的方法以控制此病毒。
现已发现,CCR5(CC趋化因子受体5)基因在对抗HIV感染上扮演一角色。HIV感染由病毒经由与细胞受体CD4及第二趋化因子共受体分子之间的交互作用而连上标的细胞膜开始,并通过受感染的细胞经由血液及其他组织复制及散布而变严重。虽则有各种趋化因子受体,但对亲巨噬细胞的HIV而言,相信在感染早期於活体内繁殖的关键病原属,HIV进入细胞所需的主要趋化因子受体是CCR5。所以,干扰病毒受体CCR5及HIV之间的交互作用能阻断HIV进入细胞。本发明即关於为CCR5拮抗剂的小分子。
有报告称CCR5受体於发炎性疾病如关节炎,类风湿关节炎,异位性皮炎,牛皮癣,气喘及过敏,促进细胞转移。期望该等受体抑制剂能用於治疗该等疾病,能用於治疗其他发炎性疾病或情况如发炎性肠疾病,多发性硬化,实体器官移植排斥及移植物抗宿主疾病。
其他用於治疗认知障碍如阿兹海默氏病的六氢吡啶衍生物为毒蝇碱拮抗剂,公开於美国专利5,883,096号,6,037,352号,5,889,006号,5,952,349号及5,977,138号。
可用作CCR5受体拮抗剂的化合物公开於美国专利6,387,930号,6,602,885号及6,391,865号,PCT公告WO 2000/66558号及WO2003/69252号,以及尚在申请专利中的2002年8月28号提交的系列编号10/229,466号,2003年7月29日提交的系列编号10/629,466号及2003年7月29日提交的系列编号10/628,933号。
2002年10月17日出版的PCT公告WO 2002/081449号(R.Albert et al)公开用作细胞趋化因子受体抑制剂的双六氢吡啶衍生物。
A-M.Vandamme等,Antiviral Chemistry&Chemotherapy,9:187-203(1998)揭示人类HIV-1感染的现代临床治疗,包括至少三种药物组合或所谓的高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗(Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy)(″HAART″)。HAART包括各种核苷反转录酶抑制剂(″NRTI″)、非核苷反转录酶抑制剂(″NNRTI″)及HIV蛋白酶抑制剂(″PI″)的组合。於顺从的无毒瘾(drug-naive)的病人,HAART在减少死亡率及HIV-1发展成爱滋病上是有效的。但此种多药物治疗并不能排除HIV-1,且长期治疗常会导致多药物抗性。所以发展新的药物治疗以提供较佳的HIV-1治疗仍是优先的。
发明内容
本发明提供一类作为CCR5受体拮抗剂的新颖化合物,制备该等化合物的方法,含一或多种该等化合物的医药组合物,及治疗、预防或舒缓一或多种与CCR5受体有关的疾病的方法。
本发明一方面关於有如下式I所示一般结构的化合物:
式I
或其医药上可接受的盐,溶剂合物或酯;其中:
p是1-4的数;
q是0-4的数;
M是经R1取代的及视需要经R18取代的芳基,或经R1取代且视情况经R18取代的杂芳基,或N(烷基)吡啶酮,条件是在M是N(烷基)吡啶酮时则p是0-4且p部分可相同或不同,每一p部分独立选自R1及R18部分;
R1选自下列基团:
-烷基-C(O)-杂环基,
-烷基-CN,
-烷基-N(C=O)-烷基-N(R4R5),
-烷基-N(C=O)-烷基(芳基)-N(R4R5),
-烷基-N(C=O)-杂环基,
-烷基-N(C=O)-杂烷基,
-烷基-N(C=O)-烷基(羟基)(芳基),
-烷基-N(C=O)-C(=O)(芳基),
-烷基-N(C=O)-C(=O)(烷基),
-烷基-N(C=O)-C(=O)(杂芳基),
-杂环基,
-烷氧基-C(O)X,
-烷基-SO2-烷基-N(R4R5);
-卤烷基-C(O)OR5,
-卤烷基-C(O)-N(R5R6),
-烷基-S(O2)R5,
-S(O2)(羟基烷基),
-烷基-C(O)R5,
-烷基-C(R5)(=N-OR6),
-N(C=O)-烷基-N(CHR4R5)及
-S(O2)(杂环基);
R2选自H,烷基,芳基,芳基烷基,杂芳基烷基,烷基酮,芳基酮,烷基,卤烷基,环烷基,杂环基,环烷基烷基,烷基磺酰基,芳基磺酰基,烷氧基烷基或酰胺;
R3选自芳基,6-员的杂芳基,芴基;及二苯基甲基,6员的杂芳基-N-氧化物,
其中每一该芳基,芴基,二苯基及杂芳基是未经取代或视需要独立以1-4个取代基取代的,该等取代基可相同或不同,各取代基独立选自R11,R12,R13,R14及R15;
R4选自H,烷基,环烷基,杂环基,羟基烷基,芳基,杂芳基,烷基氧基,S(O2)烷基,S(O2)环烷基,S(O2)芳基烷基,S(O2)芳基,C(O)烷基,C(O)芳基,C(O)芳基烷基,C(O)环烷基及C(O)NR5R6;
R5及R6可相同或不同,各独立选自H,烷基,环烷基,杂环基,芳基,芳基烷基及杂芳基;
X是杂环基,NR5R6,-O(烷基),-O(环烷基)或-OH;
R9,R10及Z可相同或不同,各独立选自氢,烷基及卤烷基;
R11及R12可相同或不同,各独立选自烷基,-卤烷基,卤素,-NR19R20,-OH,-CF3,-OCH3,-O-酰基及-OCF3;
R13选自氢,H,R11,苯基,-NO2,-CN,-CH2F,-CHF2,-CHO,-CH=N(OR19),吡啶基-N-氧化物,嘧啶基,吡嗪基,-N(R20)C(O)N(R20R21),-N(H)C(O)N(H)(氯烷基),-N(H)C(O)N(H)(环烷基烷基),-N(H)C(O)烷基,-N(H)C(O)CF3,-N(H)S(O2)N(烷基)2,-N(H)S(O2)烷基,-N(H)S(O2)环烷基,-N(SO2CF3)2,-N(H)C(O)O烷基,-环烷基,-SR22,-S(O)R22,-S(O2)R22,-S(O2)N(H)(烷基),-O-S(O2)烷基,-O-S(O2)CF3,羟基烷基,-C(O)N(R19R20),-C(O)N(CH2CH2-O-CH3)2,-OC(O)N(H)(烷基),-C(O)OR19,-Si(CH3)3及-B(OC(CH3)2)2;
R14选自烷基,-卤烷基-NH2及R15取代的苯基,
R15是1-3个取代基,可相同或不同,各独立选自氢,-烷基,-卤烷基,-CF3,-C(O)OR20,-CN,烷氧基及卤素;
R16及R17可相同或不同,各独立选自氢及烷基,或R16及R17共同形成一个C2-C5亚烷基并与其共同相连的碳形成3至6个碳原子的螺环;
R19,R20及R21可各相同或不同,各独立选自H,烷基,芳基,芳基烷基及环烷基;
R22选自烷基,-卤烷基,(C1-C6)羟基烷基,亚烷基,环烷基,芳基及芳基烷基-所构成的群;
R18选自卤基,烷基,卤烷基,烷氧基,环烷基,杂环基,酰胺基,CF3,OCF3,芳基,杂芳基,-YR23,-C(=O)(C3-C8环烷基),-C(=O)(C3-C8杂环基),-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R24)SO2R25,-(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)NR26R24,-CN,-CO2H,-CO2R25,(R27)芳基(C1-C6)烷基-,(R27)杂芳基(C1-C6)烷基-,-C(=O)-(C1-C6)烷基,(R27)芳基-C(=O)-,-C(=O)NR24R25,-C(=O)NH2,-C(=O)N(H)OH,-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R24)C(=O)R25,-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R24)CO2R25,-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R24)C(=O)NR24R25,-(C1-C6)烷基-NR24R25,-(C1-C6)烷基-NH2,-(C1-C6)烷基SO2NR24R25及-SO2NR24R25,其中R18可相同或不同,且当有一个以上的R18存在时,其是独立选择的;
R23选自芳基,经取代的芳基,杂芳基,烷基,卤烷基及环烷基;
R26及R24可相同或不同,各独立选自H,(C1-C6)烷基及(C3-C6)环烷基;
R25选自(C1-C6)烷基,-(C1-C6)卤烷基,(C2-C6)羟基烷基,-(C2-C6)亚烷基,-(C3-C6)环烷基,-芳基及-芳基(C1-C6)烷基;
R27是1,2或3个取代基,选自H,卤基,(C1-C6)烷基,(C1-C6)烷氧基,-CF3,-OCF3,CH3C(O)-,-CN,CH3SO2-,CF3SO2-及-NH2,其中R27可相同或不同,在有一个以上的R27存在时,其是独立选择的;
Y是S(O2),S,S(O),O或CH2;
及
A选自H,烷基及链烯基。
″螺环″是指一个部分,如,例如,如下所示者:
上述部分-(R27)芳基及-(R27)杂芳基是指(R27)分别代表芳基及杂芳基上的取代基。
式I化合物可用作CCR5抑制剂及用於与CCR5有关的疾病及人类免疫缺陷病毒的治疗及预防。
发明详述
於一具体实施例中,本发明公开了通式I代表的化合物或其医药上可接受的盐、溶剂化物或酯,其中各部分如下所述,
於一具体实施例中,M是经取代的芳基。
於另一具体实施例中,M是经取代的杂芳基。
於另一具体实施例中,R1选自如下基团:
-(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)-杂环基,
-(C1-C6)烷基-CN,
-(C1-C6)烷基-N(C=O)-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R4R5),
-(C1-C6)烷基-N(C=O)-(C1-C6)烷基(芳基)-N(R4R5),
-(C1-C6)烷基-N(C=O)-杂环基,
-(C1-C6)烷基-N(C=O)杂烷基,
-(C1-C6)烷基-N(C=O)-杂烷基,
-(C1-C6)烷基-N(C=O)-(C1-C6)烷基(羟基)(芳基),
-(C1-C6)烷基-N(C=O)-C(=O)(芳基),
-(C1-C6)烷氧基-C(O)X,
-(C1-C6)烷基-SO2-(C1-C6)烷基-N(R4R5);
-卤(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)OR5,
-卤(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)-N(R5R6),
-(C1-C6)烷基-S(O2)R5,
-S(O2)(羟基(C1-C6)烷基),
-(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)R5,
-(C1-C6)烷基-C(R5)(=N-OR6),
-N(C=O)-(C1-C6)烷基-N(CR4R5)及
-S(O2)(杂环基)。
於另一具体实施例中,M是芳基。
於另一具体实施例中,M是被一个R1部分取代的苯基。
於另一具体实施例中,p是1至3的数。
於另一具体实施例中,p是1。
於另一具体实施例中,M是被一个R1部分取代的双脱氢哌啶酮。
於另一具体实施例中,q是0。
於另一具体实施例中,R1选自下列基团:
-CH2-N(C=O)-吗啉,
-CH(CH3)-N(C=O)-吗啉,
-C(CH3)2-C(=O)-吡咯烷,
-C(CH3)2-C(=O)-六氢吡啶,
-吡咯烷酮,
-六氢吡啶酮及
於另一具体实施例中,R2是苯基。
於另一具体实施例中,R2是苯乙基。
於另一具体实施例中,R3是经取代的苯基或经取代的嘧啶。
於另一具体实施例中,R3是经一或多个部分取代的苯基,其可相同或不同,独立选自烷基,脲,胺及磺酰胺。
於另一具体实施例中,R4是烷基,羟基烷基,SO2烷基或C(O)NR5R6。
於另一具体实施例中,A是甲基。
於另一具体实施例中,Z是H。
於另一具体实施例中,M是苯基;R1是-(CH2)-C(O)-杂环基,-(CH2)CN,-(CH2)-N(C=O)-杂环基,-(CH2)-N(C=O)-CH2-杂环基,-(CH2)-SO2-CH2-NR4R5或-(CH2)-C(R5)(=N-OR6);R3是经取代的嘧啶,X是杂环基及A是甲基。
於另一具体实施例中,q是0。
於另一具体实施例中,Y是S(O2)。
於上述所使用的,及在此整个说明书中,以下各词,除非另有说明,应理解为有如下意义:
″患者″包括人类及动物。
″哺乳动物″意为人类及其他哺乳动物。
″烷基″意为脂肪族烃属基团,可以是直链或支链的,在链上有约1至约20个碳原子。较佳的烷基在链上含约1至约12个碳原子。更佳的烷基在链上含约1至约6个碳原子。支链意为附接於线形烷基上的一或多个低烷基如甲基,乙基或丙基。″低烷基″意为链内有约1至约6个碳原子的基团,而其链是直链或支链。烷基是未经取代的或视需要经一或多个取代基取代的,此等取代基可相同或不同,每一取代基独立选自卤基,烷基,芳基,环烷基,氰基,羟基,烷氧基,烷基硫基,胺基,-NH(烷基),-NH(环烷基),-N(烷基)2,羧基及-C(O)O-烷基。适宜的烷基的非限制性实例包括甲基,乙基,正丙基,异丙基及叔丁基。
″炔基″意为含至少一个碳-碳三键的脂肪族烃属,其可为直链的或支链的,链内含约2至约15个碳原子。较佳的炔基在链上含约2至约12个碳原子;更佳是在链上含约2至约4个碳原子。支链意为附接於线形炔基链上的一或多个低烷基如甲基,乙基或丙基。″低炔基″意为链内有约2至约6个碳原子的基团,而其链是直链或支链。适宜的非限制性的炔基的实例包括乙炔基,丙炔基,2-丁炔基及3-甲基丁炔基。炔基可以是未经取代的或视要以一或多个取代基取代的,此等取代基可相同或不同,各取代基独立选自烷基,芳基及环烷基。
″芳基″意为芳香族单环或多环状环系统,含约6至约14个碳原子,较佳是约6至约10个碳原子。芳基基团可视需要以一或多个″环系统取代基″所取代,该等取代基可相同或不同,如前所定义。适宜的芳基基团的非限制性实例包括苯基及萘基。
″杂芳基″意为芳香族单环或多环状环系统,含约5至约14个环原子,较佳是约5至约10个环原子,其中一或多个环原子是碳之外的元素,例如单独的或组合的氮、氧或硫。较佳的杂芳基含约5至约6个环原子。″杂芳基″可视需要被一或多个相同或不同的″环系统取代基″取代,如此处所述。杂芳基字根名之前的字头氮杂(aza)、氧杂(oxa)或噻(thia)意谓环原子中至少分别有氮、氧或硫存在。杂芳基中的氮原子可视需要氧化成N-氧化物。适宜的杂芳基的非限制性实例包括吡啶基,吡嗪基,呋喃基,噻吩基,嘧啶基,吡啶酮(包括N-取代的吡啶酮),异唑基,异噻唑基,唑基,噻唑基,吡唑基,呋咱基,吡咯基,吡唑基,三唑基,1,2,4-噻二唑基,吡嗪基,哒嗪基,喹喔啉基,二氮杂萘基,羟吲哚基,咪唑并[1,2-a]吡啶基,咪唑并[2,1-b]噻唑基,苯并呋咱基,吲哚基,氮杂吲哚基,苯并咪唑基,苯并噻吩基,喹啉基,咪唑基,噻吩并吡啶基,喹唑啉基,噻吩并嘧啶基,吡咯并吡啶基,咪唑并吡啶基,异喹啉基,苯并氮吲哚基,1,2,4-三嗪基,苯并噻唑基等。″杂芳基″一词也指部分饱和的杂芳基部分,如四氢异喹啉基,四氢喹啉基等。
″芳烷基″或″芳基烷基″意为芳基-烷基基团,其中芳基及烷基的意义如上述。较佳的芳烷基含有低烷基。适宜的芳烷基的非限制性实例包括苄基,2-苯乙基及萘基甲基。经由烷基上的键结合於母体部分上。
″烷基芳基″表示其中烷基及芳基如前文所述的烷基-芳基。较佳烷基芳基包括低烷基。适当的烷基芳基的非限制性实例为甲苯基。经由芳基键结合於母体部分上。
″环烷基″意为非芳香族单-或多环状环系统,含有约3至约10个碳原子,较佳是约5至约10个碳原子。较佳的环烷基环含约5至约7个环原子。环烷基视需要经一或多个″环系统取代基″取代,此等取代基可相同或不同,如上所述。适宜的单环状环烷基的非限制性实例包括环丙基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基等。适宜的多环状环烷基的非限制性实例包括1-萘烷基,降冰片基,金钢烷基等,以及部分饱和的基团,如茚满基,四氢萘基等。
″卤素″意为氟,氯,溴或碘。较佳是氟,氯及溴。
″环系统取代基″意为附接於芳香族或非芳香族环系统的取代基,其是,例如,取代环系统上已有的氢原子。环系统取代基可相同或不同,各独立选自烷基,烯基,炔基,芳基,杂芳基,芳烷基,烷基芳基,杂芳烷基,杂芳基烯基,杂芳基炔基,烷基杂芳基,羟基,羟基烷基,烷氧基,芳基氧基,芳烷氧基,酰基,芳酰基,卤基,硝基,氰基,羧基,烷氧基羰基,芳氧基羰基,芳烷氧基羰基,烷基磺酰基,芳基磺酰基,杂芳基磺酰基,烷基硫基,芳基硫基,杂芳基硫基,芳烷基硫基,杂芳烷基硫基,环烷基,杂环基,-C(=N-CN)-NH2,-C(=NH)-NH2,C(=NH)-NH(烷基),Y1Y2-N-,Y1Y2N-烷基-,Y1Y2NC(O)-,Y1Y2NSO2-及-SO2NY1Y2,其中Y1及Y2可相同或不同,各独立选自氢,烷基,芳基,环烷基及芳烷基。″环系统取代基″也意为同时取代环系统上二个相邻碳原子上的二个氢的取代基(每一碳上的一个H)。该等部分的实例是亚甲基二氧基,亚乙基二氧基,-C(CH3)2-等,其形成如下例的部分:
″杂环基″意为含约3至约10个环原子的非芳香族饱和的单环或多环状环系统,较佳是含约5至约10个环原子,其中环系统中一或多个原子是与碳原子以外的元素,是例如氮,氧或硫,单独的或组合的。於环系统中无相邻的氧及/或硫原子存在。较佳的杂环基含约5至约6个环原子。杂环基字根前的字头氮杂(aza),氧杂(oxa)或噻(thia)意为分别至少有一个氮,氧或硫原子作为环原子存在。杂环基环中的任何-NH可以经保护的形式存在,如,例如,-N(Boc),-N(CBz),-N(Tos)基团等;该等保护也认为是本发明的一部分。杂环基视需要是经一或多个″环系统取代基″取代的,此等取代基可相同或不同,如前述。杂环基中的氮或硫原子视需要可氧化成对应的N-氧化物,S-氧化物或S,S-二氧化物。适宜的单环状杂环基环包括六氢吡啶基,吡咯烷基,六氢吡嗪基,吗啉基,硫代吗啉基,噻唑烷基,1,4-二烷基,四氢呋喃基,四氢苯硫基,内酰胺,内酯等。
应注意到,本发明含杂原子的环系统中相邻於N、O或S的碳原子上无羟基,相邻於其他杂原子的碳上也无N或S基。所以,例如在环
中无-OH直接附接於以2及5标记的碳上。
也应注意到,互变异构形式,例如如下的部分:
於本发明某些具体实施例中被认作是等同的。
″炔基烷基″意为炔基-烷基-基团,其中炔基及烷基的意义如前述。较佳的炔基烷基含低炔基及低烷基基团。键合是经过烷基附接於母体部分上的。适宜的炔基烷基基团的非限制性实例包括丙炔基甲基。
″杂芳烷基″意为杂芳基-烷基-基团,其中的杂芳基及烷基已如前述。较佳的杂芳烷基含低烷基。适宜的芳烷基的非限制性实例包括吡啶基甲基及喹啉-3-基甲基。键合是经由烷基附接於母体部分上的。
″羟基烷基″意为HO-烷基-基团,其中的烷基如前所定义。较佳的羟基烷基含低烷基。适宜的羟基烷基基团的非限制性实例包括羟基甲基及2-羟基乙基。
″酰基″意为H-C(O)-,烷基-C(O)-或环烷基-C(O)-,其中的各基团如前述,键合是经由羰基附接於母体部分上的。较佳的酰基含低烷基。适宜的酰基非限制性实例包括甲酰基,乙酰基及丙酰基。
″芳酰基″意为芳基-C(O)-基团,其中的芳基如前述。键合是经由羰基附接於母体部分上的。适宜的基团的非限制性实例包括苯甲酰基及1-萘酰基。
″烷氧基″意为烷基-O-基团,其中烷基如前述。适宜的烷氧基的非限制性实例包括甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基,异丙氧基及正丁氧基,键合是经由醚氧联於母体部分上的,
″芳基氧基″意为芳基-O-基团,其中的芳基如前述。适宜的芳基氧基的非限制性实例包括苯氧基及萘氧基。键合是经由醚氧附接於母体部分上的。
″芳烷基氧基″意为芳烷基-O-基团,其中芳烷基如前述。适宜的芳烷基氧基的非限制性实例包括苄基氧基及1-或2-萘甲氧基。键合是经醚氧附接於母体部分上的。
″烷基硫基″意为烷基-S-基团,其中烷基如前述。适宜的烷基硫基的非限制性实例包括甲基硫基及乙基硫基。键合是经由硫附接於母体部分上的。
″芳基硫基″意为芳基-S-基团,其中芳基如前述。适宜的芳基硫基的非限制性实例包括苯基硫基及萘基硫基。键合是经由硫附接於母体部分上的。
″芳烷基硫基″意为芳烷基-S-基团,其中芳烷基如前述。适宜的芳烷基硫基的非限制性实例是苄基硫基。键合是经由硫附接於母体部分上的。
″烷氧基羰基″意为烷基-O-CO-基团。适宜的烷氧基羰基的非限制性实例包括甲氧基羰基及乙氧基羰基。键合是经由羰基附接於母体部分上的。
″芳基氧基羰基″意为芳基-O-C(O)-基团。适宜的芳基氧基羰基基团的非限制性实例包括苯氧基羰基及萘氧基羰基。键合是经由羰基附接於母体部分上的。
″芳烷氧基羰基″意为芳烷基-O-C(O)-基团。适宜的芳烷氧基羰基的非限制性实例是苄基氧基羰基。键合是经由羰基附接於母体部分上的。
″烷基磺酰基″意为烷基-S(O2)-基团。较佳的基团是其烷基为低烷基的。键合是经由磺酰基附接於母体部分上的。
″芳基磺酰基″意为芳基-S(O2)-基团。键合是经由磺酰基附接於母体部分上的。
″经取代的″一词意为指定原子上的一或多个氢由选自指定的基团置换,先决条件是指定的原子的正常价在正常情形下不能超过,且取代生成稳定的化合物。取代基及/或变数组合只有在此种组合生成稳定化合物时才是容许的。所谓″稳定化合物″或″稳定构造″意为化合物强壮到在从反应混合物分离时及调配成有效治疗剂时足能保持其纯度。
″视需要经取代的″一词意为视需要以特定的基团、根或部分作取代。
对于化合物,术语″分离的″或″分离的形式″意为该化合物由合成过程或天然来源或此二者组合中分离出後的物理状态。对于化合物,术语″纯化的″或″纯化形式″或″分离及纯化形式″一词是指该化合物由纯化过程或此处所述过程或本领域技术人员熟知的过程中取得的物理状态,其纯度足可以此处所述标准分析技术或本领域技术人员熟知的分析技术鉴定其特性。
也应注意到,在此说明书、方案、实例及表中的有不满足价的碳及杂原子时,都设定为有足够的氢原子数以满足其价。
在化合物中的官能基名为″经保护的″时,意为此基团为修饰的形式以避免化合物在反应中於保护过的位置有不必要的副反应。适宜的保护基是本领域技术人员熟知的,也见於标准教科书,例如,T.W.Greene et al.,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis(1991),Wiley,New York。
如果任何可变基团在式I中或在任何构成部分中出现一次以上(例如芳基,杂环基,R2等),其每次出现时的定义独立於所有其他出现时的定义。
此处所谓″组合物″一词包括含特定量的特定成分的产物,以及直接或间接以特定量的特定成分形成的任何产物。
此处也包括本发明化合物的药前体及溶剂合物。″药前体″一词是指药物前身的化合物,其在给予患者後,即以代谢或化学过程发生化学转化,产生式I化合物或其盐及/或溶剂合物。关於药前体的讨论见:T.Higuchi and V.Stella,Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems(1987)14of the A.C.S.Symposium Series,及见於:Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design,(1987)Edward B.Roche,ed.,American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press,两者都并入本文供参考。
″溶剂合物″意谓本发明化合物与一或多种溶剂分子的物理结合。此种物理结合包括不同程度的离子及共价键合,包括氢键合。於某些实例中,溶剂合物是可以分离的,例如在一或多种溶剂分子结晶固体的晶体晶格(lattice)内时。″溶剂合物″包括溶液相及可分离的溶剂合物。适宜的溶剂合物的非限制性实例包括乙醇合物,甲醇合物等。″水合物″是溶剂合物,其中溶剂分子是H2O。
″有效量″或″治疗有效量″是指本发明组合物中化合物的量在抑制上述疾病上是有效的,即是产生所需治疗、舒缓、抑制或预防效果。
式I化合物可生成盐,此也在本发明范围内。除非另有说明,此处所指式I化合物应理解为包括其盐。此处所谓″盐″一词是指与无机酸及/或有机酸生成的酸加成盐,以及与无机及/或有机碱生成的盐。此外,在式I化合物含碱性部分,如,但不限於,吡啶或咪唑及酸性部分如,但不限於,羧酸时,可生成两性离子(″内盐″)(″inner salts″),也包括於此处所谓″盐″一词内。较佳是医药上可接受的盐(即无毒的、生理上可接受的),虽则也可用其他的盐。式I化合物的盐可以,例如,通过式I化合物与一定量、如当量量的酸或碱在介质内反应生成,在此种介质内可使盐沉淀出来,或在水介质中反应然後再冻干。
酸加成盐的实例包括乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、富马酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、磷酸盐、丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、丁二酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、等等。此外也有文献讨论了适於用碱性医药化合物生成医药上可接受的盐的酸,例如,P.Stahl et al,Camille G.(eds.)Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts,Properties,Selection and Use.(2002)Zurich:Wiley-VCH;S.Berge et al,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences(1977)66(1)1-19;P.Gould,International J.of Pharmaceutics(1986)33201-217;Anderson et al,The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry(1996),Academic Press,New York;及The Orange Book(Food & Drug Administration,Washington,D.C.on their website)。这些内容并入本文作为参考。
碱盐的实例包括铵盐、碱金属盐,如钠、锂及钾盐、碱土金属盐如钙及镁盐,与有机碱(例如有机胺)如二环己基胺、叔-丁基胺所生成的盐及与胺基酸如精胺酸、赖胺酸等生成的盐。含碱性氮的基团可以通过,如低碳烷基卤化物(例如甲基、乙基、及丁基的氯化物、溴化物及碘化物),二烷基硫酸酯(例如二甲基、二乙基及二丁基硫酸酯),长链卤化物(例如癸基、月桂基及硬脂基的氯化物、溴化物及碘化物),芳烷基卤化物(例如苄基及苯乙基的溴化物)等季化。
所有的此等酸盐及硷盐都视作是本发明范围内的医药上可接受的盐,且所有此等酸盐及碱盐都认作是等同於本发明目的的对应化合物的自由态形式。
本发明之一或多种化合物也可作为、或视需要转化成溶剂合物存在。溶剂合物的制备是周知的。例如,M.Caira et al,J.Pharmaceutical Sci.,93(3),601-611(2004)描述了在醋酸乙酯及水中制备抗真菌大扶康(fluconazole)溶剂合物。类似的溶剂合物,半溶剂合物,水合物等的类似制备方法的叙述见:E.C.van Tonder et al,AAPS PharmSciTech.,5(1),article 12(2004);及A.L.Bingham et al,Chem.Commun.,603-604(2001)。典型的非限制性制法包括将本发明化合物在高於周围温度下溶于需要量的所需溶剂(有机物或水或其混合物)内,并以足以生成晶体的速度冷却,再以标准方法分离。分析技术,如I.R.光谱分析,显示溶剂合物(或水合物)内有溶剂(或水)存在。
式I化合物及其盐,溶剂合物,酯及药前体可以其互变异构体形式(例如酰胺或亚胺基醚)存在。所有该等互变异构物形式都视作是本发明一部分。
所有本发明化合物(包括化合物的盐、溶剂合物、酯及药前体以及药前体的盐、溶剂合物及酯)的立体异构体(例如几何异构体,光学异构体等),例如因各取代基上有不对称碳原子而存在,包括对映体形式(即使无不对称碳该形式也可能存在),旋转异构形式,滞转异构体及非对映异构体形式,如位置异构体(如4-吡啶基及3-吡啶基),都视作属於本发明范围。本发明个别立体异构体可以,例如,基本上不含其他异构体,也可与所有其他异构体或选择的立体异构体作为外消旋物混合。本发明的手性中心可有S或R构形,如IUPAC 1974Recommendations所界定。各术语″盐″、″溶剂合物″、″酯″、″药前体″等词的使用倾向等同适用于本发明化合物的对映异构体、立体异构体、旋转异构体、互变异构体、位置异构体、外消旋体或前药的盐、溶剂合物、酯、药前体等。
式I化合物之多晶形形式及式I化合物的盐、溶剂合物、酯及药前体的多晶形形式都视作包括於本发明之内。
式I化合物可用作CCR5抑制剂及用於与CCR5及人类免疫缺陷病毒有关的疾病的治疗与预防。其可用於治疗,预防及/或舒缓疾病如,例如,後天免疫缺陷综合症(爱滋病),实体器官移植排斥,移植物抗宿主疾病,关节炎,类风湿关节炎,发炎性肠疾病,异位性皮炎,牛皮癣,气喘,过敏或多发性硬化病。所以,本发明一方面是关於含一或多种式I化合物的医药组合物供治疗HIV。
另一方面,本发明关於治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒的方法,包括给予有此治疗需要的病人治疗有效量的一或多种式I化合物。本发明另一方面关於治疗实体器官移植排斥,移植物抗宿主疾病,关节炎,类风湿关节炎,发炎性肠疾病,异位性皮炎,牛皮癣,气喘,过敏或多发性硬化的方法,包括给予有此治疗需要的病人体治疗有效量的一或多种式I化合物。
又一方面,本发明关於治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒的方法,包括给予有此治疗需要的病人治疗有效量的一或多种式I化合物与一或多种用於此治疗的抗病毒剂或其他的剂。本发明又一方面系关於治疗实体器官移植排斥,移植物抗宿主疾病,关节炎,类风湿关节炎,发炎性肠疾病,异位性皮炎,牛皮癣,气喘,过敏或多发性硬化的方法,包括给予有此治疗需要的病人类治疗有效量的一或多种式I化合物及一或多种用於此治疗的抗病毒剂或其他的剂。此组合中的成分CCR5及抗病毒剂或其他的剂可以单一剂量给予或分别给予。也可用含分别剂量形式的套件。
该等组合剂的非限制性实例包括核苷及核苷酸反转录酶抑制剂(″NRTI″s),非核苷反转录酶抑制剂(″NNRTI″s),蛋白酶抑制剂(″PI″s),其他抗病毒剂,抗HIV治疗剂等。
此处所用″核苷及核苷酸反转录酶抑制剂″一词意为抑制HIV-1反转录酶活性的核苷及核苷酸及其类似物,该酶催化病毒基因组HIV-1RNA转化成HIV-1DNA。
典型的适宜的NRTIs包括齐多夫定(zidovudine(AZT)),可以商品名RETROVIR由Glaxo-Wellcome Inc.,Research Triangle,NC 27709,购得;地达诺新(didanosine)(ddI),可以商品名VIDEX由Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.,Princeton,NJ 08543购得;扎西胞苷(zalcitabine(ddC),可以商品名HIVID由Roche Pharmaceuticals,Nutley,NJ 07110购得;司他夫定(stavudine)(d4T),可以商品名ZERIT由Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.,Princeton,NJ 08543购得;拉米夫定(lamivudine)(3TC),可以商品名EPIVIR由Glaxo-Wellcome Research Triangle,NC 27709购得;阿波卡韦(abacavir)(1592U89),揭示於WO 96/30025,可以商品名ZIAGEN由Glaxo-Wellcome Research Triangle,NC 27709购得;阿得福韦(adefovir)dipivoxil[bis(POM)-PMEA],可以商品名PREVON由Gilead Sciences,Foster City,CA 94404购得;洛布卡韦(lobucavir)(BMS-180194),一种核苷反转录酶抑制剂,揭示於EP-0358154及EP-0736533,正由Bristol-Myers Squibb,Princeton,NJ 08543发展中;BCH-10652,一种反转录酶抑制剂(为BCH-10618及BCH-10619的外消旋混合物形式),正由Biochem Pharma,Laval,Quebec H7V,4A7,Canada发展中;艾咪催西他宾(emitricitabine)[(-)-FTC],由Emory University以Emory Univ.美国专利5,814,639号授权及由Triangle Pharmaceuticals,Durham,NC 27707发展中;beta-L-FD4(也叫作beta-L-D4C,命名为beta-L-2′,3′-dicleoxy-5-fluoro-cytidene),由Yale University授权给Vion Pharmaceuticals,New Haven CT 06511;DAPD,一种嘌呤核苷酸,(-)-β-D-2,6-二胺基-嘌呤二氧戊环,揭示於EP 0656778,由Emory University及University of Georgia授权给Triangle Pharmaceuticals,Durham,NC 27707;及乐敦脑新(lodenosine)(FddA),9-(2,3-二去氧-2-氟-b-D-苏-戊呋喃酰基)腺嘌呤,一种酸安定的以嘌呤为基础的反转录酶抑制剂,由NIH公开,由U.S.Bioscience Inc.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428发展中。
此处所谓″非核苷反转录酶抑制剂″意为抑制HIV-1反转录酶活性的的非核苷。
典型的适宜的NNRTIs包括奈韦拉平(nevirapine)(BI-RG-587),可以商品名VIRAMUNE由Boehringer Ingelheim,Roxane Laboratories,Columbus,OH43216制造商,购得;地拉韦定(delaviradine)(BHAP,U-90152),可以商品名RESCRIPTOR由Pharmacia & Upjohn Co.Bridgewater NJ 08807购得,依非韦伦(efavirenz)(DMP-266),一种揭示於WO 94/03440的苯并嗪-2-酮,可以商品名SUSTIVA由DuPont Pharmaceutical Co.,Wilmington,DE 19880-0723购得;PNU-142721,一种氟吡啶-硫-嘧酰胺,由Pharmacia and Upjohn,Bridgewater NJ08807发展中;AG-1549(前称Shionogi #S-1153);5-(3,5-二氯苯基)-硫-异丙基-1-(4-吡啶基)甲基-1H-咪唑-2-基甲基碳酸酯,公开於WO96/10019,现正由Agouron Pharmaceuticals,Inc.,LaJolla CA 92037-1020作临床研究;MKC-442(1-乙氧基-甲基)-5-(1-甲基乙基)-6-(苯基甲基)-(2,4-(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮),由Mitsubishi Chemical Co.发现,正由Triangle Pharmaceuticals,Durham,NC 27707发展中;及(+)-calanolide A(NSC-675451)及B,一种香豆素衍生物,公开於NIH美国专利5,489,697号,授权於予Med Chem Research,正与(+)calanolide A及Vita-Invest共同发展为经口服给予产物。
此处所谓″蛋白酶抑制剂″一词意为HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂,即在HIV-1感染中发现的病毒多蛋白质前体(例如病毒GAG及GAG Pol聚蛋白)作蛋白质裂解成个别功能蛋白质所需要的酶。HIV蛋白酶抑制剂包括有拟肽(peptidomimetic)构造的化合物,有高分子量(7600道尔顿)及实质的肽性质,例如CRIXIVAV(可由Merck购得)及非肽蛋白酶抑制剂,例如VIRACEPT(可由Agouron购得)。
典型的适宜的PIs包括沙喹那韦(saquinavir)(Ro31-8959),其硬胶囊可以商品名INVIRASE而其软胶囊可以商品名FORTOVASE由Roche Pharmaceuticals,Nutley,NJ 07110-1199购得;利托那韦(ritonavir)(ABT-538)可以商品名NORVIR由Abbott Laboratories,Abbott Park,IL 60064购得;吲哚那韦(indinavir)(MK-639)可以商品名CRIXIVAN由Merck & Co.,Inc.,West Point,PA 19486-0004购得;奈非那韦(nelfnavir)(AG-1343)可以商品VIRACEPT名由Agouron Pharmaceuticals,Inc.,LaJolla CA 92037-1020购得;安泼那韦(141W94),商品名AGENERASE,为非肽蛋白酶抑制剂,正由Vertex Pharmaceuticals,Inc.,Cambridge,MA 02139-4211发展中,可由Glaxo-Wellcome,Research Triangle,NC under an expanded access program购得;拉西拿韦(lasinavir)(BMS-234475)可由Bristol-Myers Squibb,Princeton,NJ 08543购得(原由Novartis,Basel,Switzerland (CGP-61755)发现;DMP-450,为Dupont发现的环形脲,正由Triangle Pharmaceuticals发展中;BMS-2322623,为氮肽,正由Bristol-Myers Squibb,Princeton,NJ 08543发展中,为一种第二代HIV-1PI;ABT-378正由Abbott,Abbott Park,IL 60064发展中;及AG-1549,为经口使用的活性咪唑胺基甲酸盐,由Shionogi发现(Shionogi #S-1153),正由Agouron Pharmaceuticals,Inc.,LaJolla CA 92037-1020发展中。
其他抗病毒剂包括羟基脲,利巴韦林(ribavirin),IL-2,IL-12,喷他肤塞(pentafuside)及Yissum Project No.11607。羟基脲(Droxia),为核糖核苷三磷酸还原酶抑制剂,此酶涉及T-细胞的活化,发现於NCI,现正由Bristol-Myers Squibb发展中;其於临床前试验显示在地达诺新(didanosine)活化上有协同作用,也以司他夫定(stavudine)作过研究。IL-2公开于Ajinomoto EP-0142268,Takeda EP-0176299及Chiron美国专利RE 33653,4530787,4569790,4604377,4748234,4752585及4949314,可以商品名PROLEUKIN(alaesleukin)由Chiron Corp.,Emeryville,CA 94608-2997购得,为冻干粉,供静脉输液或皮下给予,使用前以水重建;剂量约1至约20百万国际单位/天,较佳是皮下给予;剂量约15百万国际单位/天,更佳是皮下给予。IL-12公开在WO96/25171,可从Roche Pharmaceuticals,Nutley,NJ 07110-1199及American Home Products,Madison,NJ 07940购得,剂量约0.5微克/公斤/天至约10微克/公斤/天,较佳是皮下给予。喷他夫赛(pentafuside)(DP-178,T-20)为36个胺基酸合成的肽,公开於美国专利5,464,933号,由Duke University授权给Trimeris,其正与DukeUniversity合作发展喷他发赛;喷他夫赛是藉抑制HIV-1稠合於标的膜上起作用。喷他夫赛(3-100毫克/天)是与依非韦伦(efavirenz)及2种PI′s一起作连续皮下输液给予HIV-1阳性病人类,这类病人类是以三重组合治疗(triple combination therapy)难以治疗的;较佳是用100毫克/天。Yissum Project No.11607为以HIV-1 Vif蛋白质为基础的合成蛋白质,正由Yissum Research Development Co.,Jerusalem 91042,Israel作临床前发展。利巴韦林(ribavirin),1-β-D-核糖呋喃酰基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-3-羧酰胺,可由ICN Pharmaceuticals,Inc.,Costa Mesa,CA购得;其制造与调配说明见美国专利4,211,771号。
此处所谓″抗HIV-1治疗″一词意为用於治疗人类HIV-1感染的任何抗HIV-1的单独药物或作为多种药物组合治疗,特别是HAART三重(triple)及四重组合治疗的一部分。典型的适宜的已知抗HIV-1治疗包括,但不限於,多种药物组合制疗,如(i)至少三种药物,选自二种NRTIs,一种PI,第二PI及一种NNRTI;及(ii)至少二种抗HIV-1药物,选自NNRTIs及PIs。典型的适宜的HAART-多药物组合治疗包括:
(a)三重组合治疗如二种NRTIs及一种PI;或(b)二种NRTIs及一种NNRTI;及(c)四重组合治疗,如二种NRTIs,一种PI及第二PI或一种NNRTI。在治疗初次感染的病人类时,较佳是以三重组合治疗开始抗HIV-1治疗;除非是对PIs无耐受性,较佳是用二种NRTIs及一种PI。对药物的顺应是主要的。CD4+及HIV-1-RNA血浆含量应每3-6个月检查一次。如属病毒载高原(viral load plateau),可加第四种药物,例如一种PI或一种NNRTI。请参考下表,其中对典型治疗作进一步说明:
抗HIV-1多药物组合治疗
A.三重组合治疗
1.二种NRTIs1+一种PI2
2.二种NRTIs1+一种NNRTI3
B.四重组合治疗4
二种NRTIs+一种PI+第二种PI或一种NNRTI
C.变通方案5:
二种NRTI1
一种NRTI5+一种PI2
二种Pis6+一种NRTI7或NNRTI3
一种PI2+一种NRTI7+一种NNRTI3
表注解
1.下列之一:齐多夫定(zidovudine)+拉米夫定(lamivudine);
齐多夫定+地达诺新(didanosine);司他夫定(stavudine)+拉米夫定;司他夫定+地达诺新;齐多夫定+扎西胞苷(zalcitabine)
2.吲哚那韦(indinavir),奈非那韦(nelfinavir),利托那韦(ritonavir)或沙喹那韦(saquinavir)软胶囊。
3.奈韦拉平(nevirapine)或地拉韦定(delavirdine)。
4.见A-M.Vandamme et al Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy9:187页193-197及图1+2。
5.变通方案是供因为顺应问题或毒性不能使用推荐方案的患者及供推荐方案失败或复发的患者。双重核苷组合能导致多种患者的HIV抗性及临床失败。
6.大多数据得自沙喹那韦及利托那韦(各为400毫克每天二次)。
7.齐多夫定,司他夫定或地达诺新。
本发明另一具体实施例公开了如下表1化合物。表1也提供化合物的质谱数据(HRMS)。
表1
本发明另一具体实施例公开了下表2化合物。表2还提供此处所列化合物的活性数据(IC50,毫微摩尔,nM),如以Luciferase Replication监定所测定者,详述见本说明後段。
表2
实施方式
本发明化合物,此处也称作发明化合物,特别适用作CCR5拮抗剂。
本发明化合物可按本领域已知方法或下述实例所述方法制造。下述制备方案及实例不应认作是限制公开范围。本领域技术人员可易於了解本发明范围内的另外的机械学通路及类似结构。
下述溶剂及试剂可用此处缩写表示:四氢呋喃(THF);乙醇(EtOH);甲醇(MeOH);乙酸(HOAc或AcOH);醋酸乙酯(EtOAc);N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);三氟醋酸(TFA);三氟醋酸酐(TFAA);1-羟基-苯并三唑(HOBT);间-氯过苯甲酸(MCPBA);三乙基胺(Et3N);二乙醚(Et2O);叔-丁氧基羰基(BOC);1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一-7-烯(DBU);二甲基亚砜(DMSO);对-甲苯磺酸(p-TSA);双(三甲基甲硅烷基)-胺化钾(KHMDA);4-二甲基胺基吡啶(DMAP);N,N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(DIPEA);Alloc:烯丙基氧基胺基甲酸酯;MeCN:乙腈;及1-(3-二甲基-胺基丙基)-3-乙基碳化二亚胺盐酸盐(EDCI)。RT是室温。
方案1
实例1:
步骤1
於4-硝基苄基胺盐酸盐1(7.5克,40毫摩尔)於1∶1EtOAc/H2O(120毫升)内的溶液中加K2CO3(16.5克,119毫摩尔)及氯甲酸烯丙酯(5.07毫升,47.8毫摩尔)。将双相溶液於室温强烈搅拌16小时。水层以EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并之有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩,得15.3克粗制产物,直接使用不必纯化。
步骤2
於乙酰基丙酮酸铜(II)(2.54克,9.7毫摩尔)於EtOH(70毫升)内的泥样物中於0℃缓慢加硼氢化钠(4.71克,124.4毫摩尔)。所得泥样物於0℃搅拌30分钟。加入由步骤1所得硝基化合物(9.2克,38.9毫摩尔)於EtOH(70毫升)内的泥样物,所得溶液於0℃搅拌并任其缓慢升至室温16小时。於此溶液内缓慢加水(20毫升)。然後用硅藻土将溶液过滤,浓缩。粗制产物於水及CH2Cl2间分开。水层用CH2Cl2(3x)萃取。。合并之有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩,得6.8克暗色油体。此产物直接使用不必进一步纯化。
步骤3
於步骤2所得苯胺(2.36克,11.4毫摩尔)於1,2-二氯乙烷(40毫升)内的溶液中加酮3(3.4克,11.4毫摩尔),此化合物的制备公开於PCT公告WO 2003/020716,2003年3月13日出版)及乙酸(1.32毫升,22.8毫摩尔),然后加三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(7.27克,34.3毫摩尔)。此所得混合物於室温搅拌48小时。加氢氧化钠(1M,40毫升),此混合物於室温搅拌30分钟。水层用CH2Cl2(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层於Na2SO4上过滤并浓缩。粗制产物作闪色层分析(2∶1己烷/丙酮)得4.0克(72%)黄色油体。
步骤4
於步骤3所得苯胺(4.0克,8.2毫摩尔)於DMF(30毫升)内的溶液中加苄基溴(2.93毫升,24.6毫摩尔),Cs2CO3(8.0克,24.6毫摩尔)及KI(544毫克,3.28毫摩尔)。将此混合物加热至80℃16小时。再将溶液冷至室温,於水及EtOAc间分开。水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并之有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩,得4.7克橘色油体。此产物直接使用不必进一步纯化。
步骤5
於Boc胺基甲酸酯(步骤4所制)於CH2Cl2(20毫升)内的溶液中加1,3二甲氧基苯(5毫升),再加TFA(20毫升)。此溶液於室温搅拌4小时。将溶液浓缩。将粗制油体於1M HCl及Et2O间分开。水层用Et2O(2x)萃取。然後将水层用3N NaOH将pH调整至10。水层用CH2Cl2(4x)萃取。合并之有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩,得2.95克黄色油体。产物直接使用不必纯化。
步骤6
於步骤5所得胺(2.95克,6.2毫摩尔)的溶液中加EDCI(1.79克,9.3毫摩尔),嘧啶酸5(1.41克,9.3毫摩尔,如美国专利6,391,865号所述),HOBt(1.26克,9.3毫摩尔)及iPr2NEt(5.4毫升,31毫摩尔)。所得溶液於室温搅拌16小时。将溶液浓缩。将粗制油体於1M NaOH及EtOAc间分开。水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并之有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物以闪层分析纯化(梯度2∶1至4∶1丙酮/己烷),得酰胺62.0克,为黄色泡沫(40%3步骤)。
步骤7
於胺基甲酸烯丙酯6(步骤6制得)(1.05克,1.7毫摩尔)於5∶1MeCN/水(60毫升)内的溶液中加二乙基胺(3.5毫升,34毫摩尔),3,3′,3″-次膦基三(苯-磺酸三钠盐(7)(39毫克,0.068毫摩尔,可由Aldrich Chemical Company,Milwaukee,WisConsin购得)及乙酸钯(II)(7.6毫克,0.034毫摩尔)。任此混合物升至室温5小时。将溶液浓缩,得900毫克胺8,为黄色油体。此胺直接使用不必纯化。
步骤8
於步骤7所得胺8(130毫克,0.25毫摩尔)於MeCN(1毫升)内的溶液中加EDCI(72毫克,0.37毫摩尔),N-Boc肌氨酸(70毫克,0.37毫摩尔),HOBt(51毫克,0.37毫摩尔)及iPr2NEt(0.217毫升,1.25毫摩尔)。所得溶液於室温搅拌16小时。将溶液浓缩。粗制油体於1M NaOH及EtOAc间分开。水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物以制备用TLC纯化(1∶1丙酮/己烷)得95毫克白色泡沫(55%)。
步骤9
於步骤8所得胺基甲酸叔丁酯(75毫克)於MeOH(2毫升)内的溶液中加4N HCl(2毫升,於二烷内)。此溶液於室温搅拌3小时。将溶液浓缩,得胺的HCl盐。就C35H48N7O2(MH+)作HRMS计算:598.3869;实测:598.3856。
实例2:
步骤1
於胺8(140毫克,0.27毫摩尔)於CH2Cl2(2毫升)内的溶液中於0℃加Et3N(0.036毫升,0.27毫摩尔)及4-氯丁炔基氯(0.030毫升,0.27毫摩尔)。任此溶液於0℃搅拌30分钟,再於室温搅拌1小时。此溶液用CH2Cl2稀释,用NaHCO3洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制产物溶於无水THF(2毫升)内。於此溶液中加NaH(22毫克,0.56毫摩尔),将溶液加热至回流6小时。将溶液冷至室温,缓慢加水。水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物作制备性TLC纯化(1∶1丙酮/己烷),得32毫克白色泡沫(20%)。加4N HCl(二烷)生成HCl盐,继之蒸发。就C36H47N6O2(MH+)作HRMS计算:595.3761;实测:595.3754。
实例3:
步骤1
於(S)-扁桃酸乙酯(10.0克,55毫摩尔)於CH2Cl2(300毫升)内的溶液中加DMAP(670毫克,5.5毫摩尔),乙酸酐(5.77毫升,61毫摩尔)及iPr2NEt(10.6毫升,61毫摩尔)。此溶液於室温搅拌16小时。再将溶液用CH2Cl2稀释,用NH4Cl(水溶液)洗。有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩,得12.0克油体。此产物直接使用不必纯化。
步骤2
於步骤1所得芳烃(12克,54.1毫摩尔)於乙酸酐(65毫升)内的溶液中於0℃加硝酸(13毫升)及硫酸(15毫升)的混合物。此溶液於0℃搅拌4小时。再将溶液缓慢倒入水内,以EtOAc萃取。有机层用饱和NaHCO3及盐水洗。将有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物作闪色层分析纯化(梯度100∶0至7∶3己烷/EtOAc)得所需硝基产物(9.5克),为3∶1(对∶间)不能分离的硝基区域异构物混合物。
步骤3
於步骤2所得硝基化合物(9.5克,35.6毫摩尔)於EtOH(100毫升)内的溶液中加H2SO4(20滴)。将所得溶液加热至回流16小时。将溶液浓缩。粗制产物於水及EtOAc间分开。水层以EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩,得6.6克醇,为黄色油体。用己烷/二乙醚重结晶分离出对硝基化合物。
步骤4
於步骤3所得醇(3.6克,16毫摩尔)於DMF(10毫升)内的溶液中加叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯(4.8克,32毫摩尔)及咪唑(4.4克,64毫摩尔)。此溶液於室温搅拌16小时。此溶液再以水稀释,用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物以闪色层分析纯化(梯度100∶0-85∶15己烷/EtOAc)得5.0克(92%)甲硅烷基醚,为澄清油体。
步骤5
乙酰基丙酮酸铜(II)(962毫克,3.67毫摩尔)於EtOH(80毫升)内的泥样物中於0℃缓慢加硼氢化钠(1.67克,44.1毫摩尔)。所得泥样物於0℃搅拌30分钟。加入由步骤4所得硝基化合物(5.0克,14.7毫摩尔)在EtOH(80毫升)内的泥样物,所得溶液於0℃搅拌并任其升至室温2.5小时。缓慢加水(10毫升)於此溶液中。然後将溶液用硅藻土过滤并浓缩。粗制产物於水及CH2Cl2间分开。水层用CH2Cl2(3x)萃取。将合并的有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩,得4.24克苯胺,为暗色油体。此产物直接使用不需纯化。
步骤6
将1,2-二氯乙烷(75毫升)内的步骤5所得苯胺(4.24克,13.7毫摩尔)用酮3(4.07克,13.7毫摩尔)及乙酸(1.34毫升,23.3毫摩尔)处理,再用三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(7.26克,34.3毫摩尔)在实例1步骤3所述条件下处理。粗制产物作闪色层分析(梯度9∶1至1∶3己烷/EtOAc)纯化,得4.2克(52%)苯胺,为黄色油体。
步骤7
於步骤6所得苯胺(4.2克,7.1毫摩尔)於DMF(50毫升)内的溶液中加入苄基溴(2.56毫升,21.4毫摩尔),Cs2CO3(6.97克,21.4毫摩尔)及碘化钾(236毫克,1.42毫摩尔)。此混合物於75℃加热16小时。将溶液冷至室温并於水及EtOAc间分开。水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制油体以闪色层分析纯化(梯度100∶0至65∶35己烷/EtOAc),得2.2克(45%)澄清油体。
步骤8
於步骤7所得胺基甲酸酯(2.1克,3.1毫摩尔)於EtOH(50毫升)内的溶液中加入4N HCl(20毫升,於二烷内的溶液)。此溶液於室温搅拌3小时。将溶液浓缩。将油体溶於MeCN(10毫升)。於此溶液中加嘧啶酸5(705毫克,4.6毫摩尔),EDCI(883毫克,4.6毫摩尔),HOBt(621毫克,4.6毫摩尔)及iPr2NEt(5.4毫升,31.0毫摩尔)。此溶液於室温搅拌16小时。将此溶液浓缩,於EtOAc及NaHCO3(水溶液)间分开。水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并之有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制油体以闪色层分析纯化(1∶1丙酮/己烷),得1.5克酰胺。
步骤9
於步骤8所得乙基酯(1.0克,1.7毫摩尔)於EtOH(30毫升)内的溶液中加入2M LiOH(1.7毫升,3.4毫摩尔)。此溶液於室温搅拌6小时。将溶液浓缩,得羧酸锂盐。
步骤10
於步骤9所得羧酸盐(95毫克,0.16毫摩尔)於MeCN(1毫升)内的溶液中加入环丁基胺(0.041毫升,0.48毫摩尔),EDCI(92毫克,0.48毫摩尔),HOBt(66毫克,0.48毫摩尔)及iPr2NEt(0.084毫升,0.48毫摩尔)。此溶液於室温搅拌16小时。将溶液浓缩,於EtOAc及1MNaOH(水溶液)间分开。水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并的有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物以制备用TLC纯化(2∶1丙酮/己烷),得18毫克(18%),为澄清油体。此产物的HCl盐系藉加4NHCl(二烷溶液)生成,再蒸发。就C37H49N6O3(MH+)计算:625.3866;实测:625.3827。
实例4:
步骤1
於4-胺基苯基乙酸(10克,66.2毫摩尔)於烯丙基醇(50毫升)内的溶液中加入H2SO4(4.1毫升,79.3毫摩尔)。将此溶液加热至回流3天。然後将溶液浓缩,於NaHCO3水溶液及CH2Cl2间分开。水层用CH2Cl2(3x)萃取。合并之有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。
步骤2
将步骤1所得苯胺(5.1克,26.7毫摩尔)以酮3(7.9克,26.7毫摩尔),乙酸(3.1毫升,53.4毫摩尔)及三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(17克,80.1毫摩尔)根据实例1步骤3所述条件处理。经闪色层分析(梯度2∶1至1∶0EtOAc/己烷)纯化後得产物,为浅黄色油体。
步骤3
将DMF(30毫升)内的步骤2所得苯胺(4.3克,9.1毫摩尔)以苄基溴(3.27毫升,27.4毫摩尔),碘化钾(604毫克,3.64亳摩尔)及Cs2CO3(8.9克,27.4毫摩尔)在实例1步骤4所述条件下处理。经闪色层分析(1∶1EtOAc/己烷)纯化後得产物,为浅黄色油体。
步骤4
於无水THF(50毫升)内的步骤3所得烯丙基酯(1.16克,2.1毫摩尔)内於-78℃加双(三甲基甲矽烷基)酰胺化钾(1M,於己烷内的溶液,6.2毫摩尔)。此溶液於-78℃搅拌5分钟。将N-氟苯磺酰胺(1.95克,6.2毫摩尔)於THF(10毫升)内的溶液加於烯醇酸盐溶液内,所得溶波於-78℃搅拌20分钟。将水倒入此冷反应混合物内。待混合物升至室温後,水层用EtOAc(3x)萃取。合并之有机层用盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物作闪色层分析纯化(梯度100∶0至65∶35己烷/EtOAc),得660毫克(53%),为橘色油体。
步骤5
将CH2Cl2(6毫升)内的步骤4所得胺基甲酸叔丁酯(685毫克,1.12毫摩尔)以TFA(3毫升)如实例1步骤5所述条件处理。收取後,将粗制自由态胺溶於MeCN(3毫升)内,以嘧啶5(136毫克,1.54毫摩尔),EDCl(296毫克,1.54毫摩尔),HOBt(208毫克,1.54毫摩尔)及iPrNEt(0.532毫升,3.0毫摩尔)在实例1步骤6条件下处理。经闪色层分析(梯度1∶9至2∶3丙酮/己烷)纯化後得酰胺产物(190毫克,27%),为澄清油体。此产物的HCl盐系藉加4N HCI(二烷溶液)继之蒸发生成。就C36H44F2N5O3(MH+)作HRMS计算:632.3412;实测:632.3442。
实例5:
步骤1
於4-氯-2-羟基吡啶(500毫克,3.86毫摩尔)於苯(8毫升)内的溶液中加K2CO3(1.6克,11.6毫摩尔),碘甲烷(2.3毫升,11.6毫摩尔)及碘化四丁基铵(144毫克,0.39毫摩尔)。此混合物於室温搅拌24小时。加水,此混合物用EtoAc(3x)萃取。合并之有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤,浓缩。粗制产物作制备用TLC纯化(1∶1己烷/丙酮),得449毫克产物(81%),为结晶固体。
步骤2
将CH2Cl2内的酮3(5。0克,16.9毫摩尔)以苄基胺(1.67毫升,15.3毫摩尔),三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.89克,18.4毫摩尔)及乙酸(1.1毫升,18.4毫摩尔)在实例1步骤3所述条件下处理。经闪色层分析(20∶1CH2Cl2/7N NH3,於MeOH内)得产物(5.79克,98%)。
步骤3
於甲苯(3毫升)内的步骤2所得胺(270毫克,0.70毫摩尔)中加步骤1所得氯化物(100毫克,0.70毫摩尔),乙酸钯(II)(31毫克,0.14毫摩尔),叔丁氧化钠(270毫克,2.8毫摩尔)及三-叔丁基膦(110毫克,0.56毫摩尔)。此混合物於110℃加热19小时。再将混合物冷至室温,以EtOAc稀释,用硅藻土过滤。於滤过物中加1M NaOH。水层用EtOAc(2x)萃取。合并的有机层以盐水洗,於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物作制备用TLC(1∶1己烷/丙酮)纯化,得产物(58毫克,17%),为橘色油体。
步骤4
将MeOH(1毫升)内的步骤3所得胺基甲酸叔丁酯(58毫克,0.12毫摩尔)以4N HCl(0.3毫升,於二烷内的溶液)在实例3步骤8条件下处理。粗制HCl盐以嘧啶酸5(55毫克,0.36毫摩尔),EDCI(46毫克,0.24毫摩尔),HOBt(32毫克,0.24毫摩尔)及iPr2NEt(0.84毫升,0.48毫摩尔)在实例3步骤8条件下处理。。粗制产物以制备用TLC(95∶5EtOAc/三乙基胺)纯化,得46毫克(66%),为油体。此产物的HCl盐系藉加4NHCl(二烷溶液)并继之蒸发制得。就C31H41N6O2(MH+)计算:529.3291;实测:529.3269。
实例6:
步骤1
将4-胺基苄基醇(1.23克,10毫摩尔)於DMF(10毫升)内的溶液以叔丁基二甲基甲硅烷基氯(1.5克,10毫摩尔)及咪唑(820毫克,12毫摩尔)如实例3步骤4所述处理。粗制产物(1.98克)直接使用不必纯化。步骤2
将CH2Cl2(30毫升)内的步骤1所得苯胺(1.98克,8.35毫摩尔)以酮3(2.47克,8.35毫摩尔),三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.52克,16.7毫摩尔)及乙酸(1.0毫升,16.7毫摩尔)在实例1步骤3条件下处理。经闪色层分析(7∶3己烷/丙酮)纯化後得产物(1.7克,39%)。
步骤3
将DMF(15毫升)内的步骤2所得苯胺(1.7克,3.29毫摩尔)以苄基溴(0.59毫升,4.93毫摩尔),Cs2CO3(2.14克,6.58毫摩尔)及碘化钾(10毫克)在实例1步骤4条件下处理。经闪色层分析(7∶3己烷/丙酮)纯化後得产物(1.84克,92%)。
步骤4
将於2:5CH2Cl2/MeOH(7毫升)内的步骤3所得胺基甲酸叔丁酯(500毫克,0.82毫摩尔)通过加入4N HCl(6毫升,二烷内的溶液)在实例3步骤8条件下处理。将CH2Cl2(3毫升)内的自由态胺以嘧啶5(105毫克),HOBt(123毫克),EDCI(175毫克)及iPr2NEt(147毫克)在实例1步骤6所述条件下处理。经以制备用TLC纯化後得产物。
步骤5
将二烷(3毫升)内的步骤4所得苄基醇(50毫克,0.09毫摩尔)以水(5滴),4NHCl(水溶液)(0.1毫升)及甲烷亚磺酸钠盐(51毫克,0.43毫摩尔)处理。此溶液於55℃搅拌4小时。此混合物以NaHCO3(水溶液)处理,用EtOAc萃取。有机层於Na2SO4上干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制产物以制备用TLC(9∶1CH2Cl2/MeOH)纯化,得产物(30毫克,57%)。此产物HCl盐系藉加4N HCl(二烷内的溶液)并蒸发生成。就C33H44N5O3S(MH+)计算:590.3165;实测:590.3187。
用本发明所述化合物制备医药组合物时可用固体或液体的惰性的医药上可接受的载体。固体形式的制剂包括散,片,可分散的颗粒,胶囊,扁囊剂及栓剂。散及锭可含约5至约95%的活性成分。适宜的固体载体是本领域已知的,例如碳酸镁,硬脂酸镁,滑石粉,糖或乳糖。锭、散、扁胶囊及胶囊可以适於经口给予的固体形式的剂形使用。医药上可接受的载体的例及各种组合物的制造方法可见於A.Gennaro(ed.),Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,18thEdition,(1990),Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania。
液体形式的制剂包括溶液、悬浮剂及乳液。其例包括,但不限於,供非经肠给予的水或水-丙二醇溶液或加了甜味制及混浊剂的供口服的溶液,悬浮液及乳液。液体形式的制剂也可包括供鼻内给予的溶液。
供吸入给予的喷雾制剂可包括溶液及散形式的固体,其可与医药上可接受的载体如惰性压缩气体,如氮,组合。
也包括固体形式的制剂,其可於使用前短时间转化成液体形式的制剂供经口或非经肠给予。该等液体形式包括溶液,悬浮液及乳液。
本发明化合物也可经皮给药。经皮组合物可为霜、洗液、喷雾剂及/或乳液形式,也可以包含在经皮使用的基质膏贴内或储存器型容器内,这些都是本领域常规技术。
本发明化合物也可经口、静脉内、鼻内或皮下给予。
化合物较佳是经口给予。
医药制剂较佳是单位剂型。以此形式,制剂又可分成适宜大小的单位剂型,内含治疗有效量的式I化合物。
制剂单位剂量内的活性化合物的量可作变化或从约10毫克至约500毫克,较佳是从约25毫克至约300毫克,更佳是从约50毫克至约250毫克,最佳是从约55毫克至约200毫克作调整,根据特定使用而定。
本发明化合物实际使用量可根据病人类需要及要治疗的情况严重程度变化。特定情形下适宜剂量的决定属于本领域内的技术。为便利起见,每日总剂量可以分开,根据需要,一日之内分成数份给予,
本发明化合物及/或其医药上可接受的盐的量及给予频率可根据临床医生的判断考虑及年龄、病情及患者体型及要治疗的症状的严重性而作调整。一般每日剂量是约100毫克/天至约300毫克/天,较佳是150毫克/天至250毫克/天,更佳是约200毫克/天,分成二至四剂。
用以与本发明化合物组合的NRTIs、NNRTIs、PIs及其他剂的剂量及投药方案可由临床医生根据包装说明书批准的剂量及投药方案并考虑患者的年龄、性别及病情以及要治疗的病情的严重性而作决定。
於较佳具体实施例中,本发明化合物可通过给予需此治疗的患者治疗有效量的一或多种式I化合物,较佳是与一或多种医药上可接受的载体组合,用於治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒。一或多种,较佳是一至四种,用於抗HIV-1治疗的抗病毒剂可与本发明化合物组合使用。抗病毒剂可与本发明一或多种化合物组合成单一剂型。一或多种本发明化合物及抗病毒剂可以任何顺序给予,例如,相继、合并或同时给予。此组合治疗中各活性剂的量可为不同量(剂量)或相同量(剂量)。各活性剂可以固定量存在於同一剂型内,例如10毫克权利要求1化合物及10毫克抗病毒剂可存在於单一片内,此种″单一片″的说明可为,例如,抗胆固醇药物VYTORIN*(可由Merck Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals,kenilworth,New Jersey购得)。
可与本发明化合物组合使用的抗病毒剂包括核苷及核苷酸反转录酶抑制剂,非核苷反转录酶抑制剂,蛋白酶抑制剂及其他列於下面的不属於这些类别的抗病毒药物。抗病毒剂的特定例包括,但不限於,齐多夫定(zidovudine),拉米夫定(lamivudine),扎西胞苷(zalcitabine),地达诺新(didanosine),司他夫定(stavudine),阿波卡韦(abacavir),阿德福韦(adefovir),地披福西(dipivoxil),洛布卡韦(lobucavir),BCH-10652,依米催西他宾(emitricitabine),beta-L-FD4,DAPD,洛顿诺新(lodenosine),奈韦拉平(nevirapine),地拉韦定(delaviridine),依非韦伦(efavirenz),PNU-142721,AG-1549,MKC-442,(+)-calanolide A and B,沙喹那韦(saquinavir),吲哚那韦(indinavir),利托那韦(ritonavir),奈非那韦(nelfinavir),拉新那韦(lasinavir),DMP-450,BMS-2322623,ABT-378,安泼那韦(amprenavir),羟基脲(hydroxyurea),利巴韦林(ribavirin),IL-2,IL-12,喷他福赛(pentafuside),Yissum No.11607及AG-1549。特别是称作HAART的组合可与本发明化合物用於此组合。
与一种以上的活性剂作组合治疗时,而此活性剂是分离的剂量调配物时,活性剂可分别给予或结合给予。此外,一种成分的给予可在其他剂给予之前或同时或相继给予。
本发明另一方面提供治疗实体器官移植排斥,移植物对抗寄主疾病,关节炎,类风湿关节炎,发炎性肠疾病,异位性皮炎,牛皮癣,气喘,过敏或多发性硬化的方法,此法包括给予需此治疗的病人治疗有效量的一或多种式I化合物,较佳是与一或多种医药上可接受的载体混合的。於另一具体实施例中,此治疗实体器官移植排斥,移植物对抗寄主疾病,关节炎,类风湿关节炎,发炎性肠疾病,异位性皮炎,牛皮癣,气喘,过敏或多发性硬化的方法还包括给予一或多种其他的用於治疗该疾病的药剂与一或多种式I化合物的组合。
已知的治疗类风湿关节炎,移植排斥,移植物对抗寄主疾病,发炎性肠疾病及多发性硬化的可与本发明化合物组合给予的剂如下:
实体器官移植排斥和移植物对抗寄主疾病:免疫抑制剂如环孢素及白细胞间介素-10(IL-10),他克莫司(tacrolimus),抗淋巴球球蛋白,OKT-3抗体及类固醇;
发炎性肠疾病:IL-10(见美国专利5,368,854号),类固醇及阿若非啶(azulfidine)。
类风湿关节炎:甲胺喋呤(methotrexate),硫唑嘌呤(azathioprine),环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide),类固醇及霉酚酸酯(mycophenolate mofetil);
多发性硬化:干扰素-β,干扰素-α及类固醇。
本发明又一方面关於套件,其在单一包装的分别容器内含有医药组合物,以用于组合治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒。於一容器内是医药组合物,其含一或多种医药上可接受的载体内的一或多种式I化合物,於另一容器内是一或多种医药组合物,含有效量的一或多种抗病毒剂或其他用於治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒的药剂,它们包含於一或多种医药上可接受的载体内。
本发明HIV-1治疗的目的是减少HIV-1-RNA病毒负载,使之低於可测出的极限。本发明说明书中″HIV-1-RNA可测出的极限″一词意为以多周期反转录PCR方法作定量测定时,患者每毫升血浆中少於约200至少於约50HIV-1-RNA复本(copies)。HIV-1-RNA於本发明较佳是以Amplicor-1Monitor 1.5(可由Roche Diagnostics)或Nuclisens HIV-1QT-1方法测定。
用於测定CCR5拮抗活性及HIV复制抑制活性的试验在专利申请系列INO1481K内有详细说明。下述试验用以测定本发明化合物的CCR5拮抗活性及HIV复制抑制活性。
趋化性试验:趋化性试验为功能试验,其定性试验化合物的激动对抗拮抗性质。此种监定测出非黏壁(non-adherent)鼠细胞系表达人类CCR5(BaF-550)对试验化合物或天然配位体(即RANTES,MIP-1β)发生反应而迁移过膜的能力。细胞迁移过可渗透的膜朝向有激动活性的化合物。拮抗剂化合物不仅不能诱发趋化性而且也能抑制细胞对已知的CCR5配位体反应而迁移。本发明化合物的活性也由趋化性试验测定。
趋化性试验程序:将Ba/F3-hCCR5无性繁殖系550(a.k.a.B550)细胞在加了10%胎牛血清(FBS)、1X Pen-Strep、1X Glutamax、1XHEPES、1X 2-氢硫基乙醇及mIL-3的RPMI-1640内以1微克/升培养。除非另有说明,所有的组织培养试剂是购自Invitrogen(Carlsbad,California)。FBS系得自Gemini Bio-Products,Woodland,California。鼠IL-3系得自R and D Systems,Minneapolis,Minnesota。
人类MIP-1β(hMIP-1β)是购自R and D Systems,以终浓度1nM用於此监定。化合物系於DMSO内重建并以趋化性监定基质稀释,由0.1nM至1000nM(终浓度)。
试验时,先将细胞於纯RPMI 1640介质内洗二次,然後再以适宜的浓度悬浮於试验介质内。试验介质是在RPMI 1640内含10%Ba/F3构成。试验所用细胞终密度约2.5x106个细胞/毫升。趋化性是用有5微米过滤孔大小的96-凹ChemoTx system*(NeuroProbe,Inc.,Gaithersburg,Maryland,Cat.#:101-5)进行。
化合物是根据制造商说明用於拮抗趋化性研究。简言之,是将每一化合物与hMIP-1β混合,於96-凹ChemoTx system之底凹凹内置约29微升混合物。将过滤筛置於顶部,将25微升与适宜浓度的化合物混合的细胞置於过滤器上。将组合的碟於37℃在湿室内培养2小时。培养完後,刮除细胞并将碟系统以1000转/分钟於IEC Centra-8R离心器上离心5分钟。移除过滤器筛,将ChemoTx碟倒置於装有漏斗的96凹碟上。将碟系统以1000转/分钟离心5分钟。以介质将凹内的容积增至100微升,使碟休息约20分钟。用购自Promega(Madison,Wisconsin)的Cell Titer Glo Luminescent Assay及TROPIX TR717Microplate Luminometer(PE Applied Biosystems,Boston,Massachusetts)根据制造商说明测定迁移的细胞数。
萤光素酶复制试验:
由Dr.Susan Pontow(Washington University,St.Louis MO)取得编码全长以HIV-1ADA Bgl II片代替有gp 120V-3回折(loop)的HIV-1pNL-4-Luc基因组的质粒,YU-2或HxB(ADA-Luc-FL,YU-2-Luc-FL及HxB-Luc-FL)。用Superfect(Qiagen)或Mirus感染试剂将质粒转染至293T细胞,以产生复制竞争萤光素酶报道基因原种(reporter virus stocks)。转染後48小时收集病毒原种,滴定U-87-CCR5或CXCR4细胞产生的萤光素酶。将U87-CD4-CCR5细胞(104/凹)置於96凹细胞培养碟内并培养过夜。移除培养基,用50微升新鲜培养基(DMEM,10%FCS)及50微升以培养基稀释的化合物。用化合物於37℃培养细胞1小时。移出生成的上清液,代之以20微升含化合物的培养基,并以等量的稀释的或未稀释的病毒原种於37℃感染3-4小时。用DMEM洗细胞一次,加200微升含化合物的培养基。将培养物培养3天,细胞於萤光素酶溶胞缓冲液(Promega,Madison,WI)内溶解,并转移至Immulon碟(Dynex Technologies,Chantilly VA)。於溶胞产物内加入等容积的萤光素酶基质(Promega,Madison WI),立即以Wallac Luminometer读碟。用GraphPad PRISM软体测定50%及90%抑制浓度。
虽则本发明已联系前述具体实施例作了说明,本领域普通技术人员会明白,还可作多种替换、修正及变化。所有这些替换、修正及变化都被认作是属於本发明精神及范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种以下结构式代表的化合物
或其医药上可接受的盐;其中:
p是1;
M是苯基;
R1选自下列基团:
-(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)-杂环基,
-S(O2)(羟基(C1-C6)烷基),
卤代-(C1-C6)烷基-C(O)OR5,
-(C1-C6)烷基-C(R5)(=N-OR6),和
-S(O2)(杂环基);其中所述杂环基选自六氢吡啶基,吡咯烷基,六氢吡嗪基和吗啉基,其各自任选被取代;
R2选自芳基、和芳基(C1-C6)烷基,其中所述芳基是苯基,且所述芳基(C1-C6)烷基是苄基;
R3选自芳基、6-员的杂芳基和6员的杂芳基-N-氧化物,其中每一该芳基、杂芳基和杂芳基-N-氧化物是未经取代或独立被1-4个取代基取代的,该取代基可相同或不同,各取代基独立选自R11、R12、R13及R14,其中所述芳基是苯基,所述6员杂芳基是嘧啶基,及所述杂芳基-N-氧化物是嘧啶基-N-氧化物;
R5及R6可相同或不同,各独立选自H和(C1-C6)烷基;
R9,R10及Z可相同或不同,各独立选自氢和(C1-C6)烷基;
R11及R12可相同或不同,各独立选自(C1-C6)烷基、-NR19R20和-OH;
R13选自H、-N(R20)C(O)N(R20R21)和-N(H)S(O2)(C1-C6)烷基;
R14是(C1-C6)烷基;
R19,R20及R21可各相同或不同,各独立选自H和(C1-C6)烷基;和
A选自H、(C1-C6)烷基和(C2-C6)烯基。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中A是甲基。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中Z是H。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1是-(CH2)-C(O)-杂环基,或-(CH2)-C(R5)(=N-OR6),且A是甲基。
5.权利要求1的化合物,其中R1选自下列基团:
-CH2-(C=O)-吗啉,
-CH(CH3)-(C=O)-吗啉,
-C(CH3)2-(C=O)-吗啉,
-C(CH3)2-C(=O)-吡咯烷,和
-C(CH3)2-C(=O)-六氢吡啶。
8.一种医药组合物,其包含治疗有效量的至少一种权利要求1的化合物并结合至少一种医药上可接受的载体。
9.一种医药组合物,其包含治疗有效量的至少一种权利要求7的化合物并结合至少一种医药上可接受的载体。
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PCT/US2004/036273 WO2005042517A2 (en) | 2003-11-03 | 2004-11-01 | Bipiperidinyl derivatives useful as inhibitors of chemokine receptors |
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US20080108586A1 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2008-05-08 | Incyte Corporation | Combination therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection |
US8119661B2 (en) * | 2007-09-11 | 2012-02-21 | Astrazeneca Ab | Piperidine derivatives and their use as muscarinic receptor modulators |
JOP20200052A1 (ar) | 2013-12-19 | 2017-06-16 | Bayer Pharma AG | بيبريدينيل تتراهيدرو كوينولينات مستبدلة واستخدامها كمعضدات مستقبل أدريني ألفا- 2c |
CN106029657A (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-10-12 | 拜耳制药股份公司 | 作为肾上腺素能受体α2C拮抗剂的取代的联哌啶基衍生物 |
KR20160098424A (ko) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-08-18 | 바이엘 파마 악티엔게젤샤프트 | 치환된 피페리디닐-테트라히드로퀴놀린 |
US20160318866A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 | 2016-11-03 | Bayer Pharma Aktiengesellschaft | Substituted bipiperidinyl derivatives |
CN105456273A (zh) * | 2014-09-02 | 2016-04-06 | 杭州雷索药业有限公司 | 奈韦拉平在制备抗炎药物中的应用 |
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US5368854A (en) | 1992-08-20 | 1994-11-29 | Schering Corporation | Use of IL-10 to treat inflammatory bowel disease |
US5889006A (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1999-03-30 | Schering Corporation | Muscarinic antagonists |
IL117149A0 (en) * | 1995-02-23 | 1996-06-18 | Schering Corp | Muscarinic antagonists |
US5952349A (en) * | 1996-07-10 | 1999-09-14 | Schering Corporation | Muscarinic antagonists for treating memory loss |
US5977138A (en) * | 1996-08-15 | 1999-11-02 | Schering Corporation | Ether muscarinic antagonists |
US6391865B1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2002-05-21 | Schering Corporation | Piperazine derivatives useful as CCR5 antagonists |
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AR033452A1 (es) | 2001-03-29 | 2003-12-17 | Schering Corp | Antagonistas de ccr5 utiles para el tratamiento del sida |
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AR046923A1 (es) | 2006-01-04 |
US20060025441A1 (en) | 2006-02-02 |
KR20060100409A (ko) | 2006-09-20 |
CA2544377A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
JP4757802B2 (ja) | 2011-08-24 |
ZA200603479B (en) | 2007-09-26 |
EP1687295B1 (en) | 2011-08-17 |
JP2007510653A (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
WO2005042517A2 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
WO2005042517A3 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
CN1898231A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
ATE520683T1 (de) | 2011-09-15 |
EP1687295A2 (en) | 2006-08-09 |
PE20050574A1 (es) | 2005-10-08 |
CN101798299A (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
JP2008031180A (ja) | 2008-02-14 |
US7652142B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
TW200528445A (en) | 2005-09-01 |
IL175331A0 (en) | 2006-09-05 |
AU2004285051A1 (en) | 2005-05-12 |
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