CN1888002A - 一种应用聚合粘合剂作为粘合剂粘接木质品或装饰品的方法 - Google Patents

一种应用聚合粘合剂作为粘合剂粘接木质品或装饰品的方法 Download PDF

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CN1888002A
CN1888002A CNA2005100337961A CN200510033796A CN1888002A CN 1888002 A CN1888002 A CN 1888002A CN A2005100337961 A CNA2005100337961 A CN A2005100337961A CN 200510033796 A CN200510033796 A CN 200510033796A CN 1888002 A CN1888002 A CN 1888002A
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朱寿会
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种应用聚合粘合剂作为粘合剂粘接木质品或装饰品的方法,聚合胶合剂采用经过改性的淀粉和聚合高分子制作,将上述制作好的粘结剂粘接木质产品的步骤如下:在-10-50℃的温度下,将上述粘合剂涂在两件需粘结的木质产品表面,在两件木质产品的另一侧表面施加5公斤以上的压力,常温下可在5-25分钟达到表干,24小时内固化,该粘合剂能够粘贴住一切采用木质材料制作的各种产品;采用本发明的胶合剂粘贴的产品可浸水48小时不开裂,在63℃的水中煮3小时不开裂,标准试样剪切强度干强度可达到5-14mpa,湿强度达到2-7mpa。木质产品是下列产品之一:木质家具、布艺家具、厨房家具、胶合板、密度板、细木工板、刨花板。

Description

一种应用聚合粘合剂作为粘合剂粘接木质品或装饰品的方法
技术领域
本发明属于工业粘合剂,尤其是一种应用淀粉和聚合高分子材料作为粘合剂粘接木质品的方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中,采用淀粉制作的胶合剂通常只用于粘结纸质品之类的制品,粘贴强度不高,很难粘贴住需要粘贴强度要求较高的产品,如在家具制作中的木质产品间的粘结固接。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对已有技术所存在的缺点,提供一种应用淀粉和聚合高分子材料作为粘合剂粘接木质品的方法,采用本方法可提高木质产品的粘接强度。
本发明提供一种应用聚合粘合剂作为粘合剂粘接木质品或装饰品的方法,聚合胶合剂的成分包括淀粉和聚合高分子材料,制作粘合剂的方法包括如下步骤:将淀粉进行改性、将聚合高分子原料进行改性;将改性后的淀粉和改性后的聚合高分子放置在温度为40°-80℃的容器中进行接枝聚合制成聚合胶合剂,淀粉改性步骤进一步包括如下步骤:
(一).淀粉的氧化改性:氧化的目的是将淀粉分子上的部分羟基(OH)氧化为醛基及羧基(COOH),可在C2-C6碳原子上的基团上有选择性的进行氧化,氧化是在PH值为6-14的碱性淀粉水溶液中氧化,氧化剂的用量为0.8-10%,碱性溶液水温度为30°-70℃,醛基具有防腐功能,羧基对木质纤维具有增强粘接力的功能;
(二).淀粉的糊化改性:在碱性水溶液中进行,糊化是在氧化的基础上继续对淀粉分子中的剩余羟基进行改性;改性方法是不断加入适量的碱溶液,使淀粉分子中的羟基(OH)变成淀粉纳(st_ONa),这时反应系统中的胶液则由稀变浓,粘度也随之增高;碱性溶液水的添加量确定为1-15%;
(三).淀粉的醚化改性:是在淀粉分子中的某羟基与羟基化合物中的一个羟基通过氧原子的联结形成另外一种淀粉衍生物;添加醚化改性的改性剂为酸类或环氧氯丙烷类;在30°-70℃的胶液中酸或环氧氯丙烷类与淀粉反应形成醚化淀粉衍生物,酸或环氧氯丙烷类的添加量为1-15%,既增加粘性和韧性,又具有一定的防腐功能,增加耐水性及胶接强度;
(四)交联改性:在胶液中加适量的尿素对淀粉分子可起交联作用,在40°-85℃的胶液中,尿素与淀粉分子中的醛基或氧化过程中产生的醛基起缩合作用,形成某种高聚物,尿素的添加量为1-10%,对胶液的粘度与强度起一定辅助作用;
所述的聚合高分子的改性进一步包括如下步骤:将溶解的PVA(聚乙稀醇)或PVAC(聚醋酸乙烯)乳化共聚改性,乳化共聚法:是将溶解的PVA或PVAC溶液降温至50℃-90℃,加入乳化剂、引发剂及适最的VAC(乙酸乙稀)或PA(聚丙烯酸纳)进行乳化聚合,使紧密相联的PVA胶体形成分散型的乳胶粒,降低粘度增加流动性。引发剂的用量确定为1-15%,VAC的用量为3-15%;
所述改性后的淀粉和聚合高分子进行接枝聚合步骤还进一步包括如下步骤:将经过改性的淀粉与改性后的聚合高分子在40℃-80℃的容器中进行接枝聚合在一起相互作用,制出性能最优的天然植物淀粉胶合剂。
将上述制作好的粘合剂粘接木质产品的步骤如下:
在-10-50℃的温度下,将上述粘合剂涂在两件需粘结的木质产品表面,在两件木质产品的另一侧表面施加5公斤以上的压力,常温下可在5-25分钟达到表干,24小时内固化,该粘合剂能够粘贴住一切采用木质材料制作的各种产品;采用本发明的胶合剂粘贴的产品可浸水48小时不开裂,在63℃的水中煮3小时不开裂,标准试样剪切强度干强度可达到5-14mpa,湿强度达到2-7mpa。
上述的木质产品是下列产品之一:木质家具、布艺家具、厨房家具、胶合板、密度板、刨花板
上述的装饰品是下列产品之一:内墙涂料、油漆腻子,内墙磁砖、墙纸、墙布、地毯、皮革。
上述粘结剂还可以应用在涂改液中。
本发明的有益效果:采用本发明的方法,能够粘贴住一切木质产品,如木质家具、布艺家具、厨房家具、胶合板、细木工板、密度板、刨花板,采用本发明的胶合剂粘贴的产品可浸水48小时不开裂,在63℃的水中煮3小时不开裂,标准试样剪切强度干强度可达到5-14mpa,湿强度达到2-7mpa,还可作为内墙涂料、油灰底子的粘胶剂,可用于内墙磁砖、墙纸、墙布、装饰贴纸、地毯及皮革的粘合剂。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种应用聚合粘合剂作为粘合剂粘接木质品或装饰品的方法,聚合胶合剂的成分包括淀粉和聚合高分子材料,制作粘合剂方法包括如下步骤:将淀粉进行改性、将聚合高分子原料进行改性;将改性后的淀粉和改性后的聚合高分子放置在温度为40℃-80℃的容器中进行接枝聚合制成聚合胶合剂,淀粉改性步骤可采用三级改性步骤进行:
采用下列三级改性步骤中一个步骤或两个步骤或三个步骤进行改性,可根据粘结剂的使用目的或场合来决定采用其中的一个步骤或多个步骤来进行改性,在对粘结强度要求不高的,可以只采用其中的一个步骤或两个步骤来进行改性,对于粘结强度要求高的产品,可以采用三级步骤来进行改性,三级改性步骤的顺序可以改变,下面介绍三级改性步骤的具体操作流程:
三级改性的原理是依据淀粉分子中C1-C6碳原子上可能起不同化学反应的基团上进行,经测定C2、C3、C6上的羟基具有化学反应能力,这是淀粉大分子可被改性的内在因素,已知一个淀粉分子含有600-6000个葡萄糖分子,用单一的方法制出的改性淀粉胶只能是改性与未改性的混合淀粉胶;由此可以断定,由单一改性后剩余的原淀粉,可以加进其它助剂被继续改性的可能性,这是三级改性的理论基础及背景。
(一).淀粉的氧化改性:氧化的目的是将淀粉分子上的部分羟基(OH)氧化为醛基及羧基(COOH),可在C1-C6碳原子上的基团上有选择性的进行氧化,氧化是在PH值为6-14的碱性淀粉水溶液中进行,氧化剂的用量为0.8-10%,碱性淀粉水溶液的温度为30°-70℃,醛基具有防腐功能,羧基对木质纤维具有增强粘接力的功能;
(二).淀粉的糊化改性:在碱性水溶液中进行,糊化是在氧化的基础上继续对淀粉分子中的剩余羟基进行改性;改性方法是不断加入适量的碱溶液,使淀粉分子中的羟基(OH)变成淀粉纳(st_ONa),这时反应系统中的胶液则由稀变浓,粘度也随之增高;碱性溶液水的添加量确定为1-15%:
(三).淀粉的醚化改性:是在淀粉分子中的某羟基与羟基化合物中的一个羟基通过氧原子的联结形成另外一种淀粉衍生物;添加醚化改性的改性剂为酸类或环氧氯丙烷类;在30℃-70℃的胶液中酸或环氧氯丙烷类与淀粉反应形成醚化淀粉衍生物,酸或环氧氯丙烷类的添加量为1-15%,既增加粘性和韧性,又具有一定的防腐功能,增加耐水性及胶接强度;
(四)交联改性:在胶液中加适量的尿素对淀粉分子可起交联作用,在40°-85℃的胶液中,尿素与淀粉分子中的醛基或氧化过程中产生的醛基起缩合作用,形成某种高聚物,尿素的添加量为1-10%,对胶液的粘度与强度起一定辅助作用;
所述聚合高分子的改性进一步包括如下步骤:将溶解的PVA(聚乙稀醇)或PVAC(聚醋酸乙烯)乳化共聚改性,乳化共聚法:是将溶解的PVA或PVAC溶液降温至50℃-90℃,加入乳化剂、引发剂及适最的VAC(乙酸乙稀)或PA(聚丙烯酸纳)进行乳化聚合,使紧密相联的PVA胶体形成分散型的乳胶粒,降低粘度增加流动性。引发剂的用量确定为1-15%,VAC的用量为3-15%;
所述改性后的淀粉和聚合高分子进行接枝聚合步骤还进一步包括如下步骤:将经过改性的淀粉与改性的聚合高分子在40℃-80℃的容器中进行接枝聚合在一起相互作用,制作出性能最优的天然植物淀粉胶合剂。
将上述制作好的粘结剂粘接木质产品的步骤如下:
在-10-50℃的温度下,将上述粘合剂涂在两件需粘结的木质产品表面,在两件木质产品的另一侧表面施加5公斤以上的压力,常温下可在5-25分钟达到表干,24小时内固化,该粘合剂能够粘贴住一切采用木质材料制作的各种产品;采用本发明的胶合剂粘贴的产品可浸水48小时不开裂,在63℃的水中煮3小时不开裂,标准试样剪切强度干强度可达到5-14mpa,湿强度达到2-7mpa。
该粘合剂可在-10-50℃的温度下使用,常温下可在5-25分钟达到表干,24小时内固化,标准试样施加5公斤以上的压力,能够粘贴住一切采用木质材料制作的各种产品,如木质家具、布艺家具、厨房家具、胶合板、细木工板、密度板、刨花板,采用本发明的胶合剂粘贴的产品可浸水48小时不开裂,在63℃的水中煮3小时不开裂,标准试样剪切强度干强度可达到5-14mpa,湿强度达到2-7mpa,还可作为内墙涂料、油漆腻子的粘胶剂,可用于内墙磁砖、墙纸、装饰贴纸、墙布、地毯及皮革的粘合剂。

Claims (7)

1、一种应用聚合粘合剂作为粘合剂粘接木质品或装饰品的方法,聚合胶合剂中含有淀粉和聚合高分子材料,制作粘合剂的方法如下:将淀粉进行改性、将聚合高分子进行改性;将改性后的淀粉和改性后的聚合高分子放置在温度为40°-80℃的容器中进行接枝聚合制成聚合胶合剂,淀粉改性步骤包括如下步骤:
淀粉的氧化改性:氧化的目的是将淀粉分子上的部分羟基(OH)氧化为醛基及羧基(COOH),可在C1一C6碳原子上的基团上有选择性的进行氧化,氧化是在PH值为6-14的碱性淀粉水溶液中进行氧化,氧化剂的用量为0.8-10%,淀粉水溶液的温度为30°-70℃,醛基具有防腐功能,羧基对木质纤维具有增强粘接力的功能;
将上述制作好的粘结剂粘接木质产品的步骤如下:
在-10-50℃的温度下,将上述粘合剂涂在两件需粘结的木质产品表面,在两件木质产品的另一侧表面施加5公斤以上的压力,常温下可在5-25分钟达到表干,24小时内固化,该粘合剂能够粘贴住一切采用木质材料制作的各种产品;采用本发明的胶合剂粘贴的产品可浸水48小时不开裂,在63℃的水中煮3小时不开裂,标准试样剪切强度干强度可达到5-14mpa,湿强度达到2-7mpa。
2、根据权利要求1所述的应用淀粉和聚合高分子材料作为粘合剂粘接木质品的方法,所述的木质产品是下列产品之一:木质家具、布艺家具、厨房家具、胶合板、密度板、细木工板、刨花板。
3、根据权利要求1所述的应用淀粉和聚合高分子材料作为粘合剂粘接装饰品的方法,所述的装饰品是下列产品之一:内墙涂料、油漆腻子,内墙磁砖、装饰贴纸、墙纸、墙布、地毯、皮革。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述淀粉改性步骤进一步包括如下步骤:
将经过氧化改性后的淀粉溶液进行糊化改性:糊化改性在碱性水溶液中进行,糊化是在氧化的基础上继续对淀粉分子中的剩余羟基进行改性;改性方法是不断加入适量的碱溶液,使淀粉分子中的羟基(OH)变成淀粉纳(st_ONa),这时反应系统中的胶液则由稀变浓,粘度也随之增高;碱性溶液水的添加量确定为1-15%。
5、根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述淀粉改性步骤还进一步包括如下步骤:
将糊化改性后的淀粉再进行醚化改性:是将淀粉分子中的某羟基与羟基化合物中的一个羟基通过氧原子的联结形成另外一种淀粉衍生物;添加醚化改性的改性剂为酸类或环氧氯丙烷类;在30°-70℃的胶液中酸或环氧氯丙烷类与淀粉反应形成醚化淀粉衍生物,酸或环氧氯丙烷类的添加量为1-15%,既增加粘性和韧性,又具有一定的防腐功能,增加耐水性及胶接强度;
将经过醚化改性的淀粉进行交联改性:在胶液中加适量的尿素对淀粉分子可起交联作用,在40°-85℃的胶液中,尿素与淀粉分子中的醛基或氧化过程中产生的醛基起缩合作用,形成某种高聚物,尿素的添加量为1-10%,对胶液的粘度与强度起一定辅助作用。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的聚合高分子的改性进一步包括如下步骤:将溶解的PVA(聚乙稀醇)或PVAC(聚醋酸乙烯)乳化共聚改性,乳化共聚法:是将溶解的PVA或PVAC溶液降温至50℃-90℃,加入乳化剂、引发剂及适最的VAC(乙酸乙稀)或PA(聚丙烯酸纳)进行乳化聚合,使紧密相联的PVA胶体形成分散型的乳胶粒,降低粘度增加流动性。引发剂的用量确定为1-15%,VAC的用量为3-15%。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于:所述改性后的淀粉和聚合高分子进行接枝聚合步骤还进一步包括如下步骤:
将经过改性的淀粉与改性的聚合高分子在40℃-80℃的容器中进行接枝聚合在一起相互作用,制作出性能最优的天然植物淀粉胶合剂。
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CN104650776B (zh) * 2015-01-28 2016-06-08 海安县紫石涂料有限公司 强力粘合剂

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