CN1875700A - Novel hybrid crucian carp production method - Google Patents
Novel hybrid crucian carp production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1875700A CN1875700A CNA2006100363960A CN200610036396A CN1875700A CN 1875700 A CN1875700 A CN 1875700A CN A2006100363960 A CNA2006100363960 A CN A2006100363960A CN 200610036396 A CN200610036396 A CN 200610036396A CN 1875700 A CN1875700 A CN 1875700A
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Abstract
New crucian compound crucian product method, comprise that select the famale body of amphiprotic famale-genesis crucian or trans-sperm famale-genesis growth descendant as maternity, select the masculinity that the monosome number equate with the maternity, monosome number as paternity, pass through artificial induction, fecundation and hatch the fry; obtain the compound crucian through twice mannual work selection in the fry cultivation process. The compound crucian that produce by the invention have obvious difference form with maternity, differentiate easily; and have obvious growth advantage compare with maternity; at the same time,remain the tender and novelty sweet of crucian meat.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the fish culture technology, relate to a kind of method of utilizing the allogynogenesis technology to produce compound crucian carp in more detail with obvious form characteristics and growth vigor.
(2) background technology
In order to improve the growth rate of crucian, prior art utilizes the allos sperm growth effects in the natural gynogenesis crucian carp roe of amphoteric generation to be cultivated the new lines of quick growth---and differently educate crucian, comprise hybridized prussian carp, all sorts of flowers crucian carp and fertility crucian etc.Its producing method for seed is as follows:
1. hybridized prussian carp
The female individuals of selecting upright pond crucian carp is for maternal.The make the country prosperous male of red carp of selection is a male parent, produces the hybridized prussian carp fry by artificial induced spawning, fertilization, hatching.
2. all sorts of flowers crucian carp
Selective staining body number is that the female individuals of 166 Pengzhe fish is for maternal.The male of selecting white crucian carp or red carp is a male parent, produces all sorts of flowers carp fry by artificial induced spawning, fertilization, hatching.
3. fertility crucian
Select female: the female individuals in male 〉=Pengzhe fish colony of 10: 1 be a female parent.Selecting the male in the first filial generation tip fin carps of wild stocks of wild tip fin carps or breed is male parent, produces the fertility crucian fry by artificial induced spawning, fertilization, hatching.
The common ground of above-mentioned art methods is: 1. choose naturally occurring crucian in the natural water area (upright pond crucian carp or Pengzhe fish) and do female parent; 2. choose allos male parent not of the same race; 3. this " hybridization " first filial generation of father and mother directly applies to production.
There is following shortcoming in the method that existing employing gynogenesis technology is produced growth crucian carp roe fast generation:
1. the seedling of producing can't be distinguished with female parent on form.Because the first filial generation is almost completely consistent with female parent on form, can't distinguish at all, cause that the raiser can't tell truth from falsehood in actual production, give and palm off commodity opportunity is provided.Above-mentioned various allogynogenesis seedling is pretended to be with common seedling in many seedlings field, causes great loss for numerous raisers.
2. be subjected to the restriction of maternal self hereditary capacity, though the seedling of producing with said method is compared growth with female parent very fast, the raising of growth rate is limited, still can not satisfy demand of practical production.Moreover,, be that the breeding work of purpose is endless to improve growth rate for cultured fishes.
The variety problem of crucian cultivation always is the matter of utmost importance that crucian cultivation already develops, and the fast development each time of crucian cultivation industry is all directly related with the release of new varieties.The fish culture family presses for the new object of more better crucian cultivations.
(3) summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the defective at the prior art existence, a kind of novel crucian---the production method of compound crucian carp is provided, the compound crucian carp that this method produces is distinguished easily with maternal obviously different on form; And compare with female parent and to have the obvious growth advantage; Crucian fine and tender taste, fresh and sweet characteristics have been kept simultaneously.For the breed improvement of crucian provides a kind of new method.
The artificial production method of compound crucian carp of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) selects female individuals of amphoteric gynogenesis crucian or the female individuals in its allogynogenesis filial generation to make female parent, and it is carried out genome analysis;
(2) select the haplochromosome number to make male parent with the male in the cyprinid fish that aforementioned maternal haplochromosome number equates;
(3) aforementioned father, female parent go out allogynogenesis first filial generation fry by artificial induced spawning, fertilization, hatching and breeding production, and fry are cultured in water body;
(4) in the process of culturing, obviously different with female parent on the hand picking form from the first filial generation, the individuality with part male parent feature and fast growth is compound crucian carp.
Above-mentioned artificial induced spawning is general, promptly in mating season, when water temperature reaches more than 16 ℃ (promptly 〉=16 ℃), to the father who chooses, maternal injection oxytocic hormone.Fertilization is meant by ovum artificial collection and gets the smart fertilized egg that obtains, and perhaps will inject father, the female parent of oxytocic hormone and put into same water body spawning and fertilization acquisition fertilized egg voluntarily.Hatching is meant fertilized egg attached to hatching on the bur in hydrostatic or miniflow water, also can be with flowing water hatching in circuit or other container after the fertilized egg unsticking.Breed be meant will hatch fry adopt variety of way in fish pond or other water body, to support to total length more than 5 centimetres.
In above-mentioned steps (4), hand picking is divided into twice, cultures when fry and reaches more than the 5cm (promptly 〉=5cm) time, carry out selecting the first time, according to the difference of growth rate, to pick out growth rate and obviously continue to culture (accounting for 10%) faster than the individuality of other fry, other then eliminates (about 90%); Selecting for the second time is to select further selecting on the basis for the first time, when the fingerling body weight reaches 150 grams above (promptly 〉=150 restraining), manually pick out on the form according to the form difference obviously different with female parent, the individuality with part male parent feature.
The morphological feature that has the individuality of part male parent feature in the first filial generation on the form is unfixed, the difference with selected this difference of father and mother.Concrete discrimination standard has tangible morphological differences with selected individuality (calling " middle choosing is individual " in the following text) with female parent, is engaged in that fish are studied or personnel's naked eyes of breeding production can be recognized and are as the criterion.Discrimination standard on the genetics has two (meet wherein one get final product): 1. select in to comprise the maternal whole chromosome sets and the haplochromosome group of male parent in the individual chromosome group, or comprise the maternal whole chromosome sets and the chromosome dyad of male parent in the individual chromosome group.2. the individual somatic cell dna content of middle choosing reaches tetraploid standard, or individual somatic cell dna content belongs to aneuploid between tetraploid and triploid.
The inventive method is originally carried out genome analysis to father and mother, thereby the cyprinid fish of selecting to equate with maternal haplochromosome number is made male parent.This is the necessary condition that produces compound crucian carp in the first filial generation.The present invention is different from existing crucian seedling production technology or method, and it is not direct yielding ability technology and method, but a kind of method that obtains compound crucian carp.Because the compound crucian carp quantity that once-through operation obtains is very limited, so this method can not directly apply to the production of crucian seedling.The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1. the compound crucian carp that hand picking is come out in the first filial generation is obviously different with female parent on form, and growth rate is obviously faster than normal allogynogenesis filial generation, has potential using value.
2. because compound crucian carp has tangible characteristics on form, be different from existing wild or breed crucian kind or strain.So compare with the crucian seedling that prior art is produced, if be applied to produce, compound crucian carp is difficult for by other people personation.
(4) embodiment
The invention will be further described below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
In December, choose uniformity of type, above female Pengzhe fish reserve parent fish 500 tails of body weight 500 grams, place 2 mu fish pond reinforced cultivating.Randomly draw 5 tail individualities simultaneously and carry out genome analysis, determine its chromosome number be 3n=150 ±.
In the tip fin carps colony that propagates artificially, randomly draw 5 tail individualities and carry out genome analysis, determine that its chromosome number is 2n=100.
In March mating season, when water temperature reached more than 16 ℃, the selective maturation degree was good from the female Pengzhe fish of above-mentioned cultivation, and rounded does not have deformity, and healthy and strong do not have the individuality of wound as female parent; From the above-mentioned tip fin carps colony that carries out the chromosome detection, choose the strong nothing of body wound, bodily form standard, the male more than body weight 750 grams as male parent.To this injection of the father and mother oxytocic hormone that chooses; Carry out artificial insemination with dry method and obtain fertilized egg; Fertilized egg is attached to hydrostatic hatching in cement pit on the window screening sheet; The ripe yolk that begins to throw something and feed after fry hatches 3 days after 6-7 days is transferred to fry and cultivates in the native pool and culture.
When the fry total length reaches more than 5 centimetres, can begin to carry out the screening first time.The hand picking total length surpasses 10 centimetres individuality (account for sum 10%) in fry colony, and individual the concentrating of middle choosing cultured in the native pool of area more than 5 mu, and all the other are individual all superseded.
Select in above-mentioned whose body weight to reach 150 grams when above, carry out programmed screening.Selecting a back part swells suddenly, kiss the individuality that surpasses identical big or small Pengzhe fish kiss length that shows kept burning day and night, and randomly draw and select individuality to carry out genome analysis in 5 tails, determine its chromosome number be 200 ±, promptly include the chromosome set (150) of a complete set of maternal Pengzhe fish and the chromosome set (50) of single cover tip fin carps.Perhaps chromosome number is not 200, but obviously comprises the chromosome dyad of tip fin carps in its chromosome metacinesis mutually.So far, select individuality to belong to compound crucian carp in just can determining.
Embodiment 2
In November, choose uniformity of type, above female hybridized prussian carp reserve parent fish 300 tails of body weight 500 grams, place 2 mu fish pond reinforced cultivating.Randomly draw 5 tail individualities simultaneously and carry out genome analysis, determine that its chromosome number is 3n=156.
In the tip fin carps colony that propagates artificially, randomly draw 5 tail individualities and carry out genome analysis, determine that its chromosome number is 2n=100.
In March mating season, when water temperature reached more than 18 ℃, the selective maturation degree was good from the female hybridized prussian carp of above-mentioned cultivation, and rounded does not have deformity, and healthy and strong do not have the individuality of wound as female parent; From the above-mentioned tip fin carps colony that carries out the chromosome detection, choose the strong nothing of body wound, bodily form standard, the male more than body weight 750 grams as male parent.To this injection of the father and mother oxytocic hormone that chooses; Carry out artificial insemination with dry method and obtain fertilized egg; Fertilized egg is attached to miniflow water hatching in cement pit on the window screening sheet; The ripe yolk that begins to throw something and feed after fry hatches 3 days after 6-7 days is transferred to fry and cultivates in the native pool and culture.
When the fry total length reaches more than 6 centimetres, can begin to carry out the screening first time.The hand picking total length surpasses 12 centimetres individuality (account for sum 10%) in fry colony, and individual the concentrating of middle choosing cultured in the native pool of area more than 5 mu, and all the other are individual all superseded.
Select in above-mentioned whose body weight to reach 150 grams when above, carry out programmed screening.Selecting a back part swells suddenly, kiss the individuality that surpasses identical big or small hybridized prussian carp kiss length that shows kept burning day and night, and randomly draw and select individuality to carry out genome analysis in 5 tails, determine that its chromosome number is 206, promptly include the chromosome set (156) of a complete set of maternal hybridized prussian carp and the chromosome set (50) of single cover tip fin carps.Perhaps chromosome number is not 206, but obviously comprises the chromosome dyad of tip fin carps in its chromosome metacinesis mutually.So far, select individuality to belong to compound crucian carp in just can determining.
Embodiment 3
In January, choose uniformity of type, above female Pengzhe fish reserve parent fish 500 tails of body weight 500 grams, place 2 mu fish pond reinforced cultivating.Randomly draw 5 tail individualities simultaneously and carry out genome analysis, determine its chromosome number be 3n=150 ±.
In the palpus crucian carp colony that propagates artificially, randomly draw 5 tail individualities and carry out genome analysis, determine that its chromosome number is 2n=100.
In May mating season, when water temperature reached more than 18 ℃, the selective maturation degree was good from the female Pengzhe fish of above-mentioned cultivation, and rounded does not have deformity, and healthy and strong do not have the individuality of wound as female parent; From above-mentioned carried out that chromosome detects must crucian carp colony choose that body is strong not to have wounds, bodily form standard, body weight 250 male more than restraining as male parent.To this injection of the father and mother oxytocic hormone that chooses; Carry out artificial insemination with dry method and obtain fertilized egg; With flowing water hatching in circular hatching channal after the fertilized egg usefulness yellow mud water unsticking; The ripe yolk that begins to throw something and feed after fry hatches 3 days after 6-7 days is transferred to fry and cultivates in the native pool and culture.
When the fry total length reaches more than 5 centimetres, can begin to carry out the screening first time.The hand picking total length surpasses 10 centimetres individuality (account for sum 10%) in fry colony, and individual the concentrating of middle choosing cultured in the native pool of area more than 5 mu, and all the other are individual all superseded.
Select in above-mentioned whose body weight to reach 150 grams when above, carry out programmed screening.Select the back part individuality of protuberance suddenly, and randomly draw and select individuality to carry out somatic cell dna content mensuration in 5 tails.Determine that its somatic cell dna content belongs to tetraploid, perhaps between tetraploid and triploid.So far, select individuality to belong to compound crucian carp in just can determining.
Embodiment 4
In October, choose uniformity of type, above female hybridized prussian carp reserve parent fish 500 tails of body weight 500 grams, place 2 mu fish pond reinforced cultivating.Randomly draw 5 tail individualities simultaneously and carry out genome analysis, determine that its chromosome number is 3n=156.
In the jian carp colony that propagates artificially, randomly draw 5 tail individualities and carry out genome analysis, determine that its chromosome number is 2n=100.
In April mating season, when water temperature reached more than 18 ℃, the selective maturation degree was good from the female hybridized prussian carp of above-mentioned cultivation, and rounded does not have deformity, and healthy and strong do not have the individuality of wound as female parent; From the above-mentioned jian carp colony that carries out the chromosome detection, choose the strong nothing of body wound, bodily form standard, the male more than body weight 250 grams as male parent.To this injection of the father and mother oxytocic hormone that chooses; Carry out artificial insemination with dry method and obtain fertilized egg; Fertilized egg is attached to hydrostatic hatching in cement pit on the window screening sheet; The ripe yolk that begins to throw something and feed after fry hatches 3 days after 6-7 days is transferred to fry and cultivates in the native pool and culture.
When the fry total length reaches more than 5 centimetres, can begin to carry out the screening first time.The hand picking total length surpasses 10 centimetres individuality (account for sum 10%) in fry colony, and individual the concentrating of middle choosing cultured in the native pool of area more than 5 mu, and all the other are individual all superseded.
Select in above-mentioned whose body weight to reach 150 grams when above, carry out programmed screening.Select and kiss kept burning day and night showing, and randomly draw and select individuality to carry out somatic cell dna content mensuration in 5 tails above the long individuality of identical big or small hybridized prussian carp kiss.Determine that its somatic cell dna content belongs to tetraploid, perhaps between tetraploid and triploid.So far, select individuality to belong to compound crucian carp in just can determining.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of New crucian compound crucian product method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) selects female individuals of amphoteric gynogenesis crucian or the female individuals in its allogynogenesis filial generation to make female parent, and it is carried out genome analysis;
(2) select the haplochromosome number to make male parent with the male in the cyprinid fish that aforementioned maternal haplochromosome number equates;
(3) aforementioned father, female parent go out allogynogenesis first filial generation fry by artificial induced spawning, fertilization, hatching and breeding production, and fry are cultured in water body;
(4) in the process of culturing, obviously different with female parent on the hand picking form from the first filial generation, the individuality with part male parent feature and fast growth is compound crucian carp.
2, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step (4), hand picking is carried out at twice, concrete operations are as follows: when the fry total length reaches 5cm when above, carry out selecting the first time, according to the difference of growth rate, to pick out growth rate and obviously continue to culture faster than the individuality of other fry, the residue individuality is then eliminated; When the fingerling body weight reaches 150 grams when above, carry out selecting the second time, manually pick out on the form according to the form difference obviously different with female parent, the individuality with part male parent feature.
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| CNA2006100363960A CN1875700A (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2006-07-07 | Novel hybrid crucian carp production method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112314478A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-05 | 华南师范大学 | Artificial breeding method for high-yield crucian carps |
| CN115486412A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-12-20 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for efficiently creating new polyploid gynogenesis clone line of silver crucian carp |
-
2006
- 2006-07-07 CN CNA2006100363960A patent/CN1875700A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112314478A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-05 | 华南师范大学 | Artificial breeding method for high-yield crucian carps |
| CN115486412A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-12-20 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for efficiently creating new polyploid gynogenesis clone line of silver crucian carp |
| CN115486412B (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2024-04-02 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method for efficiently creating new polyploid gynogenetic clone line of carassius auratus gibelio |
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