CN1861997A - 用于控制内燃机的装置和方法 - Google Patents

用于控制内燃机的装置和方法 Download PDF

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CN1861997A
CN1861997A CNA2006100803138A CN200610080313A CN1861997A CN 1861997 A CN1861997 A CN 1861997A CN A2006100803138 A CNA2006100803138 A CN A2006100803138A CN 200610080313 A CN200610080313 A CN 200610080313A CN 1861997 A CN1861997 A CN 1861997A
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fuel
temperature
combustion engine
catalyst converter
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T·阿尔盖尔
W·朗格尔
J·福尔斯特
J·图尔索
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B69/00—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types
    • F02B69/02—Internal-combustion engines convertible into other combustion-engine type, not provided for in F02B11/00; Internal-combustion engines of different types characterised by constructions facilitating use of same main engine-parts in different types for different fuel types, other than engines indifferent to fuel consumed, e.g. convertible from light to heavy fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/003—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0613—Switch-over from one fuel to another
    • F02D19/0615—Switch-over from one fuel to another being initiated by automatic means, e.g. based on engine or vehicle operating conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0692—Arrangement of multiple injectors per combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/024—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0255—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to increase temperature of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to accelerate the warming-up of the exhaust gas treating apparatus at engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/06—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up
    • F02D41/068—Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for engine starting or warming up for warming-up
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0802—Temperature of the exhaust gas treatment apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
    • F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M69/042—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

提出了一种用于控制内燃机的方法和装置，该内燃机可以用第一和第二燃料运行。设有一个选择装置，其获取对于当前的运行状态在内燃机废气排放方面哪种燃料有利。选择装置使内燃机用相应的燃料运行。

Description

用于控制内燃机的装置和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按独立权利要求前序部分所述的用于控制内燃机的装置和方法，该内燃机可以用第一和第二燃料运行。
背景技术
在DE 101 46 063 A1中已经公开了一种用于控制内燃机的方法，其中内燃机可以用第一和第二燃料运行。在此可以在不同的燃料之间实现自动切换。
发明内容
用于控制内燃机的具有独立权利要求所述特征的按本发明的装置或者按本发明的方法相应地具有优点，即可以降低内燃机的废气排放，其中该内燃机可以用第一和第二燃料运行。
优选的改进方案和改善通过从属权利要求的特征获得。特别简单的是使用气体作为第一燃料，并且使用液体作为第二燃料。作为气体燃料合适的是天然气或者液化气，而作为液体燃料合适的是汽油或者柴油。因为催化器的净化作用与温度密切相关，在选择燃料时需要注意催化器的温度。在此温度或者可以通过分析温度传感器或者也可以通过计算获得。起动阶段对于内燃机总排放是特别重要的，因为在这个阶段中催化器还没有可靠地净化废气。按照本发明，在催化器还没有净化作用的第一阶段中，首先使用气态燃料。在起动后催化器对液态燃料已经具备良好的净化作用而对于气态燃料还没有良好的净化作用的第二温度阶段内，使用液体燃料。然后当加热催化器，使得其对于两种燃料的废气都有良好的净化作用时，重新使用气态燃料，因为使用气态燃料的排放比使用第二燃料的排放低。
附图说明
在附图中示出了本发明的实施例，在下面的说明中进行详细解释。
图1示意示出了具有用于第一和第二燃料的催化器、控制装置和喷嘴的内燃机。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意示出了一个内燃机，其具有一个气缸11，并且在气缸11中有一个活塞12。气缸11的通过活塞12空出的空间构成了燃烧室13，其中通过空气供给装置14输入空气和燃料的混合物。燃料与空气的可燃混合物在燃烧室中燃烧，由此在燃烧室13中压力升高。然后这种压力升高通过相应的活塞12的运动转换成例如用于驱动汽车的运动。在燃烧室13中进行燃烧时产生的燃烧产物，也就是废气通过排气装置15从燃烧室13清除。由此涉及一种内燃机，其通常作为汽油机或者柴油机已经众所周知了。出于简化原因，用于空气燃料混合物输入燃烧室13或者将废气排入排气管15的相应的进气门和排气门没有示出。另外出于简化原因，也没有示出在汽油机和柴油机上普通的火花塞、炽热引火塞或者其它传感器或者控制元件，因为其对于本发明的理解是不重要的。
在图1中燃料的供给是在空气供给装置14中进行的。为此设置气门2、3，其伸入空气供给装置14中。喷嘴2是设计用来喷射液体燃料例如汽油的。通过连接管4该喷嘴2与汽油箱5连接。但是用于液体燃料的喷嘴2也可以直接通入燃烧室，这在柴油机或者汽油直喷发动机中是常见的。喷嘴3设计用于喷射气态燃料例如天然气的。为此喷嘴3通过输入管6与天然气储气罐7连接。燃料通过喷嘴2、3的喷射通过控制仪1来控制，该控制仪通过相应的控制线路8向喷嘴2、3发送相应的控制脉冲。在控制仪1中包含一个选择装置，其决定向空气供给装置14中喷射哪种燃料，也就是说或者喷射汽油或者喷射燃气。如今该选择装置通常作为通用控制仪1中的软件来实现。但是也可以使用机械的选择装置或者相应的特殊的电子开关用于此目的。
燃烧室13中的燃烧的燃烧产物通过排气管15从燃烧室13排出，并排向环境。在此为了净化，将废气导引通过催化器16，在其中进行废气净化。催化器的净化作用取决于催化器16的温度。为了判断催化器16在什么范围内净化废气，因此设置一个温度传感器17，其直接安装在催化器16上或者内部，并且将该催化器16的温度通过电线8传送到控制仪1。作为替代方案也可以通过测量其它的温度信号以及比较值来推导出催化器16的温度，由此确定催化器16的温度。这种替代方案的温度传感器例如可以是温度传感器18，其与燃烧室13直接热接触。这种传感器18例如是测量冷却水温度的传感器。传感器18的信号也通过连接线8传输到控制仪1。另外催化器16的温度也可以简单地根据计算来确定，特别是通过将内燃机在一定时间内的运行状态进行分析，然后推得催化器16的温度。
除了温度，催化器的净化作用还取决于在燃烧室13内燃烧的是这两种可能的燃料中的哪一种。在催化器16的一种非常冷的运行状态下，这例如在冷起动的时候会出现，催化器16只有极其微小的净化作用，而与在燃烧室16中燃烧的是哪种燃料无关。这里对于冷起动应该理解为一种运行状态，其中进行内燃机的起动，而催化器还基本上处于环境温度，也就是说具有40℃以下的温度。在内燃机运行的第一持续时间内，催化器16的温度保持在一个微小的值上，使得催化器对废气基本上没有净化作用。随着温度达到数值级大约为260℃的第一温度，催化器16对于液体燃料、例如汽油已经具有明显取决于燃料的废气净化效果。因此这种燃料的废气由催化器16净化，使得在催化器16之后排入环境的废气比气态燃料的废气清洁。然后当通过内燃机继续运行，催化器的温度继续上升，这样催化器达到高于370℃的温度。催化器16在这个温度以上不仅对于液体燃料如柴油或者汽油的废气具有良好的净化作用，而且对于气态燃料如天然气或者液化气(丁烷和丙烷的混合物)也是如此。但是因为对于气态燃料如天然气或者液化气的燃烧在燃烧时已经产生很少有害物质，因此在催化器16后排出的气态燃料的废气比液体燃料的废气清洁。也就是说，在催化器16较高的温度下，内燃机以气态燃料运行对于废气排放是有利的。
根据本发明，燃料选择装置计算哪种燃料对于当前的内燃机运行状态下的废气排放是有利的。在此催化器的温度是特别重要的，因为根据催化器的温度判断催化器16对于第一燃料(气态燃料)和/或第二燃料(液体燃料)是否具有良好的净化作用。然后根据分别在催化器16后获得的废气排放选择相应有利的燃料。
如果将内燃机关闭足够长的时间，那么催化器具有一个基本上与内燃机的周围温度相当的温度。催化器16在这个温度下对于内燃机废气只有微不足道的净化作用。在内燃机从这种冷状态起动后，也就是所谓的冷起动，催化器16随着内燃机运行时间的增加越来越热，直到其在较长的运行后达到或多或少稳定的最终温度。从该温度升高出发，通过选择装置进行在时间曲线上典型的燃料选择。紧接着在内燃机冷起动之后首先使用在燃烧时引起较少废气排放、也就是较清洁地燃烧的燃料。在汽油/柴油和天然气/液化气之间选择时，在这种冷状态下优选天然气/液化气。因此选择装置在催化器16的冷运行状态下首先选择气态燃料。在一段时间过后，加热催化器16，使得对汽油/柴油的废气可实现显著的净化作用，但对于天然气/液化气的废气还没有显著的净化作用。因此选择装置在内燃机一定的运行时间后从以天然气/液化气运行切换到以汽油/柴油运行。这种使用汽油/柴油燃料的运行状态一直保持到催化器温度升高到使不仅对于汽油/柴油的废气，而且对于天然气/液化气的废气都有净化作用。然后选择装置重新切换燃料并切换到天然气/液化气，因为这种燃料在燃烧时就已经产生很少必须通过催化器16从废气中去除的有害废气。

Claims (9)

1.用于控制内燃机的装置，该内燃机可以用第一和第二燃料运行，其特征在于：设置选择装置(1)，该选择装置(1)获取对于内燃机当前的运行状态哪种燃料在废气排放方面是有利的，并且使内燃机用相应的燃料运行。
2.按权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：作为第一燃料使用气态燃料，并且作为第二燃料使用液体燃料。
3.按权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于：作为气态燃料使用压缩天然气(CNG)或者液化气(LPG)(丁烷和/或丙烷)。
4.按权利要求2或者3所述的装置，其特征在于：作为液体燃料使用汽油或者柴油。
5.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述选择装置(1)获取催化器(16)的温度以获知哪种燃料对于废气排放是有利的，其中该催化器(16)净化内燃机废气。
6.按权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于：所述选择装置分析温度传感器(17、18)的信号用于获取催化器(16)的温度，其中温度传感器(17、18)直接测量催化器(16)的温度或者内燃机的其它温度。
7.按权利要求5或者6所述的方法，其特征在于：所述选择装置为了获取催化器的温度考虑内燃机的运行时间以及运行类型。
8.按前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：所述选择装置在催化器(16)冷状态下起动内燃机时，首先选择第一燃料作为燃料，在催化器(16)加热到超过第一温度后，该选择装置切换到第二燃料，在催化器(16)加热到超过第二温度后，该选择装置重新切换到第一燃料，第二温度高于第一温度，并且其中催化器(16)在低于第一温度的温度下只有微小的废气净化作用，在高于第一温度并且低于第二温度的温度下对第二燃料的废气可以良好地净化，并且对于第一燃料的废气的净化作用比较差，而在高于第二温度的温度下，第一和第二燃料的废气都能良好地净化。
9.用于控制内燃机的方法，该内燃机可以用第一和第二燃料运行，其特征在于：获取对于当前的运行状态在内燃机废气排放方面哪种燃料有利，并且使内燃机用相应的燃料进行运行。
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