CN1856395A - 压花多层纤维结构产品及其制造方法 - Google Patents

压花多层纤维结构产品及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1856395A
CN1856395A CNA2004800276124A CN200480027612A CN1856395A CN 1856395 A CN1856395 A CN 1856395A CN A2004800276124 A CNA2004800276124 A CN A2004800276124A CN 200480027612 A CN200480027612 A CN 200480027612A CN 1856395 A CN1856395 A CN 1856395A
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fibrous structure
layer
product
ply fibrous
structure product
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M·G·小施特尔耶斯
C·S·克劳斯
G·V·韦格勒
K·B·麦克尼尔
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Procter and Gamble Ltd
Procter and Gamble Co
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Abstract

提供了压花多层纤维结构产品及其制造方法。所述压花多层纤维结构产品(10)包括第一层纤维结构(12)和第二层纤维结构(14)，所述两层纤维结构使用粘合剂沿着它们的邻近表面(16，18)分别在粘合部位(20)粘结在一起。所述压花多层纤维结构产品还包括压花部位(22)。所述压花部位显示至少1000μm的压花高度。所述压花部位从压花多层纤维结构产品的x平面沿y方向延伸。所述压花部位非粘性粘结在一起并且非致密。所述粘合部位采用粘合剂(24)粘性粘结在一起并且致密。

Description

压花多层纤维结构产品及其制造方法
发明领域
本发明涉及多层纤维结构产品，更具体地讲涉及压花多层纤维结构产品及其制造方法。
发明背景
压花高度为1000μm或更大的传统压花多层纤维结构产品为本领域所知。然而，这种传统压花多层纤维结构产品包含粘结致密的压花部位。这种传统压花多层纤维结构产品显示产品特性(尤其是湿破裂强度)上的缺陷。这种传统压花多层纤维结构产品显示303g或更小的湿破裂强度。此外，在获得可接受的层粘结强度之前，这种传统压花多层纤维结构产品在压花时会产生与层之间的粘合剂运动相关的问题。这种产品的拉伸强度也典型低于可接受的程度。
现有技术尝试克服现有技术的产品特性上的缺陷，包括在压花之前将过量粘合剂施加到纤维结构层上，然后使各层配对以形成多层纤维结构产品。所述粘合剂覆盖了大于40％的层表面积。为了使该产品具有可接受的层粘结强度，需要施加相对大量的粘合剂。
因此需要一种压花多层纤维结构产品，其中多层纤维结构产品的各层使用粘合剂粘结，并且粘结面积不到40％的层表面积。此外，需要包括压花高度大于1000μm并且湿破裂强度为至少305g和/或层粘结强度为至少1.57g/cm(4g/in)的压花的压花多层纤维结构产品。
发明既述
本发明提供了一种压花多层纤维结构产品，满足了上述要求。
在本发明的一个方面中，提供了包括使用粘合剂沿着两层或多层的邻近表面粘结在一起以形成粘结区域的两层或多层纤维结构的压花多层纤维结构产品，其中粘结区域小于粘结邻近表面的约30％，其中该产品包括两个表面，其中一个表面包括非粘性粘结的压花部位，另一个表面包括粘性粘结的非压花部位，并且其中该纤维结构产品显示至少约1000μm的压花高度。
在本发明的另一个方面中，提供了包括使用粘合剂沿着两层或多层的邻近表面以至少约1.57g/cm(4g/in)的层粘结强度粘结在一起的形成粘结区域的两层或多层纤维结构的压花多层纤维结构产品，其中粘结区域小于粘结邻近表面的约30％，其中该产品显示至少约1000μm的压花高度和至少约305g的湿破裂强度。
在本发明的另一个方面中，提供了包括第一表面和第二表面的压花多层纤维结构产品，其中第一表面包括非粘性粘结的压花部位，第二表面包括粘性粘结的非压花部位。
在本发明的另一个方面中，提供了包括第一表面和第二表面的压花多层纤维结构产品，其中第一表面包括非致密压花部位，第二表面包括致密非压花部位。
在本发明的另一个方面中，制造压花多层纤维结构产品的方法包括以下步骤：
将粘合剂施加到两层或多层中的至少一个表面从而将两层或多层纤维结构粘性粘结在一起以形成多层纤维结构，其中粘合剂被施加到小于两层或多层表面中的至少一个的约30％的表面。
提供将多层纤维结构压花使得多层纤维结构显示至少约1000μm的压花高度，以形成压花多层纤维结构产品。
在本发明的另一个方面中，制造压花多层纤维结构产品的方法包括以下步骤：
a)提供第一层纤维结构；
b)提供第二层纤维结构；
c)将粘合剂施加到第一层纤维结构的表面上，使得粘合剂接触小于第一层纤维结构的表面积的约30％；
d)沿着第一层和第二层纤维结构的邻近表面组合并配对第一层和第二层纤维结构，使得粘合剂将两层粘结在一起以形成显示至少约1.57g/cm(4g/in)层粘结强度的多层纤维结构；和
e)提供将多层纤维结构压花使得形成显示至少为1000μm的压花高度的压花多层纤维结构产品。
因此，本发明提供了压花多层纤维结构产品及其制造方法。
附图概述
图1A为依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的一个实施方案的局部侧剖面图。
图1B为依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的另一个实施方案的局部侧剖面图。
图1C为依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的另一个实施方案的局部侧剖面图。
图2为依照本发明的用来制造压花多层纤维结构产品的设备的一个实施方案的示意性侧正视图。
图3为图2所示设备的局部放大侧正视图。
图4为平展形式的包含粘合剂的纤维结构的顶部平面视图。
发明详述
本文所用术语“纤维”是指表观长度远超过其表观宽度(即长度与直径比率为至少约10)的细长颗粒。更具体地讲，本文所用术语“纤维”是指造纸纤维。本发明设想使用多种造纸纤维，例如天然纤维或合成纤维或任何其它合适的纤维以及它们的任意组合。可用于本发明的造纸纤维包括一般称为木浆纤维的纤维素纤维。适用的木浆包括化学木浆，例如牛皮纸木浆、亚硫酸盐木浆和硫酸盐木浆，以及机械木浆，包括例如碎木浆、热力学木浆和化学改性的热力学木浆。然而，化学木浆可能是优选的，因为它们能够赋予由其制造的面巾纸片以出众的柔软触感。也可使用由落叶树(在下文中也指“硬木”)和针叶树(在下文中也指“软木”)得到的木浆。可共混或可供选择地以层状沉积硬木纤维和软木纤维来提供层状纤维网。将美国专利4,300,981和美国专利3,994,771引入本文以公开硬木和软木纤维层。还可适用于本发明的是由的纤维是由回收纸得到，它可以包含任何或全部上述种类和其它非纤维材料，例如最初用于促进造纸的填充剂和粘合剂。除了上述材料以外，本发明还可以使用由聚合物(具体地讲是羟基聚合物)制成的纤维和/或长丝。合适的羟基聚合物的非限制性实施例包括聚乙烯醇、淀粉、淀粉衍生物、脱乙酰壳多糖、脱乙酰壳多糖衍生物、纤维素衍生物、树胶、阿拉伯聚糖、半乳聚糖以及它们的混合物。
本文所用术语“湿破裂强度”是指当润湿并经受垂直于纤维结构和/或纤维结构产品平面的变形时，纤维结构和/或加入纤维结构的纤维结构产品的能量吸收能力的量度。
本文所用术语“定量”是以1bs/3000ft2或g/m2为单位表示的每单位面积样本的重量。测量定量的方法为：准备一个或多个具有特定面积(m2)的样本，然后在最小分辨率为0.01g的上皿天平上称量依据本发明的纤维结构和/或包括这种纤维结构的纤维结构产品的一个样本。使用气流罩保护天平不受气流和其它干扰的影响。天平读数恒定时记录重量。计算平均重量(g)和样本的平均面积(m2)。用平均重量(g)除以样本的平均面积(m2)计算出定量(g/m2)。
本文所用术语“纵向”或“MD”是指与通过造纸机和/或产品制造设备的纤维结构流平行的方向。
本文所用术语“横向”或“CD”是指在纤维结构和/或包括纤维结构的纤维结构产品的相同平面内与纵向垂直的方向。
本文所用术语“薄片厚度”或“厚度”是指样本的宏观厚度。
本文所用术语“致密”是指纤维结构产品的一部分显示的密度大于纤维结构产品另一部分的密度。例如，依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的致密区域的密度典型为0.19g/cc或更大。在本发明的一个实施方案中，压花多层纤维结构产品包括致密区域，所述致密区域的密度为至少两倍的压花多层纤维结构产品另一部分的密度。
本文所用术语“非致密”是指纤维结构产品的一部分显示的密度小于纤维结构产品另一部分的密度。例如，依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的非致密区域密度典型小于约0.19g/cc。在本发明的一个实施方案中，压花多层纤维结构产品包括非致密区域，所述非致密区域的密度小于两倍的压花多层纤维结构产品另一部分的密度。
本文所用术语“拉伸”可通过测量纤维结构的纵向(MD)和/或横向(CD)干拉伸强度来确定。
本文所用术语“有效厚度”是指在这种压花多层纤维结构产品盘绕的卷筒内的一层压花多层纤维结构产品占据的径向厚度。为了有利于确定有效厚度，本文描述了一种“有效厚度测试方法”。由于卷绕张力和变形嵌套等，压花多层纤维结构产品的有效厚度可能与其薄片厚度不同。
本文所用术语“视密度”或“密度”是指样本定量除以厚度(其中引入了适当转换)。本文所用术语“视密度”的单位是g/cm3(可供选择地为g/cc)。
本文所用术语“堆积体积密度”是指全部纤维结构产品的视密度，而不是其离散面积。
本文所用术语“层”是指与其它层基本邻接且面对面任选设置形成多层纤维结构的单个纤维结构。还设想单个纤维结构通过例如自身折叠可有效地形成两层或多层。
压花多层纤维结构产品
依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品包括使用粘合剂沿着其邻近表面粘结的两层或多层纤维结构。粘合剂可覆盖小于约30％和/或约0.1％至约30％和/或约3％至约30％和/或约5％至约25％和/或约5％至约20％的粘结邻近表面。可以连续和/或不连续的网状(例如分开的离散点和/或分开的离散带)将粘合剂施加到纤维结构的一层或多层上。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，按照本文所述“层粘结强度测试方法”测量，压花多层纤维结构显示至少约1.57g/cm(4g/in)和/或至少约1.97g/cm(5g/in)和/或至少约2.36g/cm(6g/in)的层粘结强度。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，压花多层纤维结构产品包括第一表面和第二表面，其中第一表面包括非粘性粘结的压花部位，第二表面包括粘性粘结的非压花部位。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，压花多层纤维结构产品包括第一表面和第二表面，其中第一表面包括非致密压花部位，第二表面包括致密非压花部位。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，按照本文所述“湿破裂强度测试方法”测量，压花多层纤维结构产品显示至少305g和/或至少约315g和/或至少约325g和/或至少约400g的湿破裂强度。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，按照本文所述“压花高度测试方法”测量，压花多层纤维结构产品包括压花高度为至少1000μm和/或约1000μm至约5000μm和/或约1100μm至约3000μm和/或约1100μm至约2000μm的压花部位。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，压花多层纤维结构产品包括致密和非致密区域，其中致密区域显示254μm(10密耳)或更小和/或约2.54(0.1)至约152.4μm(6密耳)和/或约25.4(1)至约127μm(5密耳)的厚度。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，按照“薄片厚度测试方法”测量压花多层纤维结构产品，其中该产品显示至少约762μm(30密耳)和/或至少约1016μm(40密耳)和/或至少约1.27mm(50密耳)的薄片厚度。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，按照本文所述“拉伸测试方法”测量，压花多层纤维结构产品在最大负荷处显示大于约8％和/或大于约10％和/或大于约12％的横向拉伸。
压花多层纤维结构产品可为卷筒形式。当为卷筒形式时压花多层纤维结构产品可绕芯部卷绕，也可以不绕芯部卷绕。
压花多层纤维结构产品可显示薄片厚度与有效厚度比率可大于1.1和/或大于1.2和/或大于1.3。
当为卷筒形式时，压花多层纤维结构产品可显示大于处于非压花形式的相同多层纤维结构产品的平均薄片厚度的平均有效厚度。
压花多层纤维结构产品可具有介于约10g/m2和约120g/m2之间的定量和约0.10g/cc或更小的堆积体积密度。优选地，该定量将小于约60g/m2，并且堆积体积密度为约0.07g/cc或更小。按照本文所述“定量称量方法”测定，最优选的堆积体积密度应介于约0.02g/cc和约0.07g/cc之间。
压花多层纤维结构产品可包括着色剂，例如印花元素。
图1A显示了依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的一个非限制性实施例。如图1A所示，压花多层纤维结构产品10包括使用粘合剂沿着它们的邻近表面16和18分别在粘合部位20粘结在一起的第一层纤维结构12和第二层纤维结构14。压花多层纤维结构产品10还包括压花部位22。压花部位22显示至少1000μm的压花高度a。压花部位22从压花多层纤维结构产品10的x平面沿y方向延伸。压花部位未粘结在一起并且非致密。粘合部位20使用粘合剂24粘结在一起并且致密。
进一步讲，图1A所示压花多层纤维结构产品10包括第一表面52和第二表面54。
图1B显示了依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的另一个实施方案。如图1B所示，压花多层纤维结构产品10包括使用粘合剂沿着它们的邻近表面16和18分别在粘合部位20粘结在一起的第一层纤维结构12和第二层纤维结构14。压花多层纤维结构产品10还包括压花部位22。压花部位22显示至少1000μm的压花高度a。压花部位22从压花多层纤维结构产品10的x平面沿y方向延伸。压花部位未粘结在一起并且非致密。粘合部位20采用粘合剂24粘结在一起且致密并且保持层粘结强度。
进一步讲，图1B所示压花多层纤维结构产品10包括第一表面52和第二表面54。
图1C显示了依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品的另一个实施方案。如图1C所示，压花多层纤维结构产品10包括用粘合剂沿着它们的邻近表面16和18分别在粘合部位20粘结在一起的第一层纤维结构12和第二层纤维结构14。压花多层纤维结构产品10还包括压花部位22。压花部位22显示至少1000μm的压花高度。压花部位22从压花多层纤维结构产品10的x平面沿y方向延伸。压花部位未粘结在一起并且非致密。粘合部位20采用粘合剂24粘结在一起且致密，并且保持层粘结强度。
进一步讲，图1C所示压花多层纤维结构产品10包括第一表面52和第二表面54。
可设计如图1B和图1C所示的压花多层纤维结构产品10，使其具有与图1A所示压花多层纤维结构产品10相同的外表。然而，在制造该产品的方法的压花步骤期间，形成产品10的多层纤维结构的粘合部位20可能相对于压花部位22移动。
纤维结构
依照本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品可包括一层纤维结构，所述纤维结构包括：通风干燥纤维结构层、密度有差异的纤维结构层、湿法成网纤维结构层、气流成网纤维结构层、常规纤维结构层以及它们的混合物。压花多层纤维结构产品可包括相同类型的层或不同类型层的混合物。
可采用起绉和/或湿微收缩和/或样片变换缩短纤维结构。可供选择地，可以不缩短纤维结构。
纤维结构可为图样致密。图样致密纤维结构的特征在于具有一个较低纤维密度的较高堆积体积区域和一排较高纤维密度的致密区域。可供选择地，高堆积体积区域的特征为枕形区域。可供选择地，将致密区域称为关节形区域。在高堆积体积区域内致密区域可以离散状态间隔开或者在高堆积体积区域内完全或部分相互连接。美国专利4,529,480和4,528,239描述了制造图样致密纤维结构的优选方法和所用装置。
纤维结构可未压实且非图样致密。
纤维结构可为均一化或多层构造。
可用生产单层胚纤维网的纤维配料或生产多层胚纤维网的纤维配料制造纤维结构。
成分
纤维结构和/或由其制造的压花多层纤维结构产品可包含一种或多种成分，例如软化剂、吸收剂(例如表面活性剂)、湿强度剂、洗剂、抗菌剂、着色剂、香料。
压花多层纤维结构产品的制造方法
可依据以下非限制性实施例制造本发明的压花多层纤维结构产品。
如图2和图3所示，第一层纤维结构12与第一压花辊26(例如螺旋钢压花辊子)的球形突出表面42接触。用来施加粘合剂24的涂敷辊28将粘合剂24施加到第一层纤维结构12，在该部位球形突出表面42支承纤维结构层12。可以离散点50的方式将粘合剂24施加到纤维结构层12以产生包含粘合剂的纤维结构12’，如图4所示。可使用凹版印刷系统(优选为包括凹版辊30的偏移凹版印刷系统)将粘合剂24施加到涂敷辊28。凹版印刷系统可计量从粘合剂盘(未示出)施加到涂敷辊28的一定量的粘合剂24。施加粘合剂24的其它适当方法为本领域的那些普通技术人员所知。粘合剂24可为本领域已知的任何适当粘合剂。优选地，粘合剂24包括聚乙烯醇。
在第一层接触第一压花辊26期间，第一层纤维结构12可处于适于在某些点处控制第一层的张力。
第二层纤维结构14与位于第一层纤维结构12’上的粘合剂24在第一压花辊26和啮合辊32之间的辊隙处接触。第一层与第二层粘合在一起(即结合)形成了多层纤维结构48。啮合辊32可为无孔隙的啮合辊，即表面光滑的啮合辊。
啮合辊32向多层纤维结构48施加压力，并且在第一层纤维结构12’被球形突出表面42支承的粘合部位20处在两层纤维结构之间压缩粘合剂24。这种运动将两层粘结在一起，并且产生至少约4g/in的层粘结强度。此时，未将多层纤维结构48压花。
其次，多层纤维结构48进入具有浅44的第一压花辊26和具有隆起46的第二压花辊34之间的分界面。第二压花辊34可为钢压花辊。将第二压花辊34的隆起46与第一压花辊26的浅44对齐，使得隆起46嵌入浅凹44内。隆起46以至少约1.27mm(50密耳)的长度啮合到浅凹44内，使得在多层纤维结构48内形成至少1000<SP>m□的压花高度。压花多层纤维结构产品10从第一压花辊26和第二压花辊34之间的辊隙退出。
粘合部位20在第一压花辊26与啮合辊32之间的辊隙处和/或在第一压花辊26与第二压花辊34之间的分界面处致密。
由接合第一压花辊26的浅44和第二压花辊34的隆起46产生的压花部位16是非致密的。
纤网处理辊36、38和40可用来控制和/或推进纤维结构12和14和/或多层纤维结构产品10。
与辊相关的箭头表示了在该方法中使用的辊的优选旋转方向。
期望辊26、28、32和34以相同的速度旋转。纤网处理辊36、38和40的旋转速度与辊26、28、32和34可不同。
与纤维结构12和14和/或多层纤维结构产品10相关的箭头表示了纤维结构12和14和/或多层纤维结构产品10的优选纵向。
测试方法：
有效厚度测试
卷筒形式纤维结构的有效厚度由下式确定：
EC＝(RD2-CD2)/(0.00127×SC×SL)
其中EC为纤维结构卷筒中以密耳为单位的单片纤维结构的有效厚度；RD为以英寸为单位的卷筒直径；CD为以英寸为单位的芯部直径；SC为片数；SL为以英寸为单位的片长。
层粘结强度测试方法
依照下述测试方法测量层粘结强度。
将包括粘结两层或多层的粘合剂的单个多层纤维结构保持在约23℃±1℃(73±2)的温度和50％±2％的相对湿度下两(2)小时，如果有必要可将所有的包装和/或包装材料移除，然后将该纤维结构切割为四个(4)76.2mm×208.3mm(3”×8.2”)连续(即非穿孔)的纤维结构样本条。该测试方法测量了纤维结构的两个邻近层之间的层粘结强度。
使用位于胶合板基座上的切割冲模[76.2mm×279.4mm(3”×11”)](市售购自Acme Steel Rule Corp.，5 Stevens St.，Waterbury，Connecticut 06714)准备纤维结构样本条。必须使用柔软的海绵橡胶垫材料修正切割冲模。具有切割76.2mm×208.3mm(3”×8.2”)纤维结构样本条的额外能力的AJDC Cutter 76.2mm(3”)，Model #JDC-3-12Precision Sample Cutter，Thwing-Albert Instrument Company，10960Dutton Road，Philadelphia，PA 19154可用来切割纤维结构样本。从纤维结构中心切割76.2mm(3”)宽的样本条。沿纤维结构的MD方向切割样本条。如果纤维结构为卷筒形式，那么从卷筒的末端切割大于1016mm(40”)的样本。
分别握住每一个样本条并轻轻地用手将层沿MD方向分开并且连续分开50mm(2”)。
不可以使用具有显著缺陷(例如皱纹、弄皱、撕裂、有缺口等)的样本。
样本测量和样本的准备应该在约23℃±1℃(73±2)的温度和50％±2％的相对湿度环境中进行。
可用Thwing-Albert EJA或Intelect-II-STD，目录号1451-24PG；Thwing-Albert Instrument Company张力检验器测量样本的层粘结强度。张力检验器具有通用气动把手(目录号734K)，其具有25.4mm×76.2mm(1”×3”)的插件。张力检验器的测力传感器为5000g。将Sample Size Setting(Load Divider)设置为3。张力检验器按以下步骤操作：
1.将准备好的样本条的一个分离层放在张力检验器的顶网格内。将另一个层放在底网格内。样本条需要置于网格中心并且平直。
2.启动张力检验器。测试完成后记录载荷平均值。从网格内移除样本条并丢弃。检查测力传感器以调零。
3.对每一个样本条重复步骤1和步骤2。
张力检验器将以单位g/25.4mm(g/in)显示载荷平均值。
取四(4)个样本条的平均值从而得到纤维结构的层粘结强度。
粘结面积测试方法
粘结面积是生产纤维结构之前纤维结构制造商所知的一种量度。它表示采用粘合剂粘结在一起的两层或多层纤维结构邻近表面的表面积。最典型地，将粘合剂仅施加到压花辊的压花球形突出的顶端。该面积为压花辊制造商所知，纤维结构制造商可从该面积获得这种粘结面积量度。
此外，可使用仅包含聚乙烯醇粘合剂的纤维结构样本测量粘结面积，而不使用包含非聚乙烯醇的粘合剂。因此，如果典型地使用包含非聚乙烯醇的粘合剂制造纤维结构，那么这种纤维结构的制造商将需要用包含聚乙烯醇的粘合剂代替包含非聚乙烯醇的粘合剂。然后制造商将以相同的方式生产纤维结构，像生产包含非聚乙烯醇粘合剂的纤维结构一样。
其次，包含聚乙烯醇粘合剂的纤维结构样本受硼酸溶液与碘溶液体积比为8∶1的混合溶液作用。硼酸溶液为4％的去离子水硼酸溶液。碘溶液为0.1N的去离子水碘溶液。将该混合溶液喷射到样本上。粘合剂中的聚乙烯醇将变为蓝绿色。可用标准图像分析技术分析所得图像，得到粘结面积的百分比(即粘合剂区域覆盖率)。
同样，可通过识别这种包含非聚乙烯醇粘合剂的纤维结构样本的面积的方法测量仅包含非聚乙烯醇粘合剂的纤维结构样本的粘结面积。例如，将纤维结构样本暴露在某一条件下，例如化学试剂，该试剂将包含非聚乙烯醇的粘合剂染色，对于图像分析技术而言易于观察粘合剂。另一个实施例包括将纤维结构样本暴露在某一条件下，例如化学试剂，该试剂将除了包含非聚乙烯醇的粘合剂以外的其它物质染色，使得对于图像分析技术而言易于观察粘合剂。
如果这些技术中的任何一个识别出纤维结构样本包括的粘结面积为两层或多层邻近表面的表面积的约0.1％至约30％，那么该纤维结构就满足本发明粘结面积方面的要求。
压花高度测试方法
使用市售自GFMesstechnik GmbH，Warthestraβe 21，D14513Teltow/Berlin，Germany的GFM Primos Optical Profiler仪器测量压花高度。GFM Primos Optical Profiler仪器包括基于数字微镜投影的紧凑光学测量传感器，包括以下主要部件：a)具有1024×768直接数控微镜的DMD投影机，b)高分辨率(1300×1000像素)的CCD照相机，c)适于测量至少27×22mm面积的投影镜片，d)适于测量至少27×22mm的光学记录装置；基于小硬石板的台三角架；冷光源；测量、控制及评估计算机；测量、控制及评估软件ODSCAD 4.0(英文版)和侧向(x-y)以及垂直(z)校准调节探针。
GFM Primos Optical Profiler系统使用数字微镜模式投影技术测量样本的表面高度。分析结果为表面高度(z)：xy位图。该系统具有21微米分辨率的27mm×22mm的可视区域。高度分辨率应设定在0.10至1.00微米之间。高度范围为分辨率的64,000倍。
为了测量纤维结构样本，应进行以下操作：
1.打开冷光源。冷光源应设置为4和C，显示器读数为3000K；
2.启动计算机、显示器和打印机，并打开ODSCAD 4.0 PrimosSoftware。
3.从Primos的任务条中选择“Start Measurement”(开始测量)图标，然后点击“Live Pic”按钮。
4.在约23℃±1℃(73±2)的温度和50％±2％的相对湿度条件下将30mm×30mm的纤维结构产品样本置于投影头下，并调节距离以获得最佳焦点。
5.重复点击“Pattern”(图案)按钮以投射几个聚焦模式之一来帮助获得最佳焦距(获得最佳焦距时软件十字线应与投影十字线对齐)。设置投影头使之与样本表面垂直。
6.通过投影头侧部的孔改变镜头上的孔和/或改变在屏幕上照相机的“gain”(增益)的设置来调节图像亮度。为了控制电噪声水平，“gain”应该小于7。图像最清晰时屏幕底部标示为“I.0.”的红圈应变为绿色。
7.选择Technical Surface/Rough(技术表面/粗糙)测量类型
8.点击“Measure”(测量)按钮。该操作将冻结屏幕上的实况图像，并且同时该图像被捕捉且被数字化。重要的是，此时应保持样本静止不动以避免捕捉的图像模糊。在约20秒内捕捉图像。
9.如果图像令人满意，那么将其保存到扩展名为“.omc”的计算机文件内。这还将保存照相机图像文件“.kam”。
10.点击clipboard/man(剪贴板/人物)图标使日期进入软件的分析部分。
11.现在，点击图标“Draw Cutting Lines”(绘制切割线)。确信将活动线设定为线1。将十字线移到计算机屏像左侧的最低点处并点击鼠标。然后将十字线移到计算机屏像右侧最低点处的当前线上并点击鼠标。现在通过标记点图标点击“Align”(对齐)。在该线的最低点处点击鼠标，然后在该线的最高点处点击鼠标。点击“Vertical”(垂直)距离图标。记录距离量度。将活动线移动到下一条线，并重复前面步骤测量所有的线(共有六条(6)线)。取所有记录数字的平均值，如果单位不是微米应将其转化为微米(μm)。该数字为压花高度。对纤维结构产品样本的另一个图像重复该过程并取压花高度的平均值。
湿破裂强度测试方法
可使用配备了市售自Thwing-Albert Instrument Company，Philadelphia，PA的2000g测力传感器的Thwing-Albert BurstTester目录号177测量湿破裂强度。
取两个(2)多层纤维结构产品样本测量湿破裂强度。使用剪刀沿MD方向将样本剪成相等的两半，使得层沿纵向为约228mm，沿横向为约114mm，每两个(2)层厚度(已有四个样本)。首先，在约23℃±1℃(73±2)的温度和50％±2％的相对湿度环境下将样本放置两个(2)小时。其次使用回形针将样本堆叠在一起对其进行时效处理，并且通过夹具对在105℃(±1℃)的强迫通风炉内的堆叠样本的另一端进行风冷5分钟(±10秒)。加热结束后，从炉内取出堆叠样本，测试前至少冷却三(3)分钟。取一个样本条，握住样本的窄横向边缘，将样本中心浸渍在装有约25mm蒸馏水的平锅里。将样本浸在水中四(4)(±0.5)秒。取出样本，握在手中排水三(3)(±0.5)秒，使水沿横向流出。排水步骤后立即继续测试。将湿样本外表面朝上放置在耐破度测试仪的样本夹持装置的低环中，使得样本的润湿部分完全覆盖样本定位环的开口表面。如果出现皱纹，则将样本丢弃，并使用新样本重复测试。当样本在低样本定位环上适当定位后，打开降低耐破度测试仪的上环的开关。现在，样本定位装置已牢固地夹住了待测试样本。这时，通过按耐破度测试仪上的开始按钮立即开始破裂测试。压杆开始朝着样本的润湿表面上升。在样本被撕开或破裂的瞬间记录最大读数。压杆将自动倒退并返回初始位置。在另外三(3)个样本上重复上述程序，共进行四(4)次测试，即四(4)次平行实验。记录四(4)次平行实验的平均值作为结果，精确到g。
薄片厚度测试方法
确定纤维结构样本的薄片厚度或厚度的操作如下：切割纤维结构产品使其尺寸大于加载底脚装载面，加载底脚装载面的圆形表面积为约20.25cm2(3.14平方英寸)。将样本限定在一个水平平面和加载底脚装载面之间。加载底脚装载面对样本施加的围压为14.7g/cm2(约0.21psi)。平面和加载底脚装载面之间的所得间隙即为厚度。这种测量可在VIR电子厚度测定器(型号为II，购自马萨诸塞州Philadelphia的Thwing-Albert Instrument Company)上实现。重复测量厚度并记录至少五(5)次以计算平均厚度。所述结果以密耳为单位表示。
拉伸测试方法
通过提供2.5cm×12.7cm(一(1)英寸×五(5)英寸)的纤维结构条来测量拉伸。将每条置于温度为约23℃±1℃(73±2)的温度和50％±2％的相对湿度的房间内的电子张力检验器(型号1122，购自Instron Corp.，Canton，Massachusetts)上。张力检验器的十字头速度为约5.1cm/分钟(2.0英寸/分钟)，且标距为约10.2cm(4.0英寸)。测量最大负荷下的拉伸。
在发明详述中引用的所有文献的相关部分均引入本文以供参考；任何文献的引用并不可认为是对其作为本发明的现有技术的认可。
尽管已用具体实施方案来说明和描述了本发明，但对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是，在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下可做出许多其它的变化和修改。因此，有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。

Claims (13)

1.一种包括第一表面和第二表面的压花多层纤维结构产品，其中所述第一表面包括非粘性粘结的压花部位，并且所述第二表面包括粘性粘结的非压花部位。
2.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述第一表面包括非致密压花部位，并且所述第二表面包括致密非压花部位。
3.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述产品包括两层或多层纤维结构，所述两层或多层纤维结构使用粘合剂沿所述两层或多层的邻近表面粘结在一起以形成粘接区域，其中所述粘结区域小于所述被粘结的邻近表面的30％，其中所述产品包括两个表面，其中一个表面包括非粘性粘结的压花部位，并且另一个表面包括粘性粘结的非压花部位，并且其中所述纤维结构产品显示至少1000μm的压花高度。
4.如权利要求3所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述两层或多层纤维结构以至少4g/in的层粘结强度粘结在一起。
5.如权利要求3所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述纤维结构产品显示至少305g的湿破裂强度。
6 如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述产品包括两层或多层纤维结构，所述两层或多层纤维结构使用粘合剂沿所述两层或多层的邻近表面以至少4g/in的层粘结强度粘结在一起以形成粘接区域，其中所述粘结区域小于30％的所述被粘结的邻近表面，其中所述产品显示至少1000μm的压花高度和至少305g的湿破裂强度。
6.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述纤维结构产品显示至少40密耳的薄片厚度。
7.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述纤维结构产品显示大于1.1的薄片厚度与有效厚度比率。
8.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述纤维结构产品在最大负荷下显示大于8％的横向拉伸。
9.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述纤维结构产品为卷筒形式。
10.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述粘合剂以分开的离散点和/或分开的离散带形式呈现在所述邻近表面上。
11.如权利要求1所述的纤维结构产品，其中所述两层或多层纤维结构中的至少一个包括选自下组中的纤维结构：通风干燥纤维结构层、密度有差异的纤维结构层、湿法成网纤维结构层、气流成网纤维结构层、常规纤维结构层以及它们的组合。
12.一种用来制造如前述任一项权利要求所述的压花多层纤维结构产品的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
a)通过将粘合剂施加到所述两层或多层中的至少一个表面将两层或多层纤维结构粘性粘结在一起以形成多层纤维结构，其中所述粘合剂被施加到小于所述两层或多层表面中的至少一个的30％的表面。
b)将所述多层纤维结构压花，使得所述多层纤维结构显示至少1000μm的压花高度，以形成所述压花多层纤维结构产品。
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