CN1840329B - 分层体构件 - Google Patents
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- CN1840329B CN1840329B CN2006100591331A CN200610059133A CN1840329B CN 1840329 B CN1840329 B CN 1840329B CN 2006100591331 A CN2006100591331 A CN 2006100591331A CN 200610059133 A CN200610059133 A CN 200610059133A CN 1840329 B CN1840329 B CN 1840329B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种分层体构件。隔热的分层体构件除了良好的隔热性质外其隔热层还必须有长的使用寿命。按本发明的分层体构件(1)由金属连接层(7)、内部陶瓷层(10)和外部陶瓷层(13)按专门规定的相互协调的层序组成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种分层体构件。
背景技术
这种分层体构件有一个以镍、钴或铁为基的金属合金的基质层。此类产品主要用作燃气轮机构件,尤其用作燃气轮机叶片或热屏装置。这些构件遭遇由腐蚀性燃烧气体组成的热燃气流。因此它们必须能承受高的热负荷。此外,要求这些构件耐氧化和耐腐蚀。尤其对于运动构件,例如燃气轮机叶片,但也对静止的构件,还提出一些机械方面的要求。其中使用能承受热燃气负荷的构件的燃气轮机的功率和效率,随工作温度的提高而增大。为了达到高效率和大功率,由于高的温度,所以燃气轮机负荷特别大的构件用陶瓷材料涂层。这种陶瓷材料在热燃气流与金属基质层之间起隔热层的作用。
面对腐蚀性热燃气流,金属基体通过涂层保护。当代的构件大多有多个涂层,它们分别满足特殊的要求。因此存在一种多层系统。
因为燃气轮机的功率和效率随工作温度提高而增大,所以人们一再设法通过改善涂层系统达到燃气轮机更高的工作能力。
EP0944746B1公开了使用烧绿石(Pyrochloren)作隔热层。
然而,将一种材料用作隔热层不仅需要它有良好的隔热性质,而且还要求与基质层良好地连接。
EP0992603A1公开了一种由氧化钆和氧化锆组成的隔热层系统,它应没有烧绿石结构。
发明内容
因此本发明所要解决的技术问题是提出一种分层体构件,它有良好的隔热性质开且能与基质层良好地连接,并因而整个分层体构件有长的使用寿命。
上述技术问题通过这样一种分层体构件来解决,包括一个基质层和一个金属的连接层,该连接层由重量百分比为24-26%的钴、16-18%的铬、9.5-11%的铝、0.3-0.5%的钇和0.5-2%的铼以及其余为镍组成,其中,有一个稳定的氧化锆层尤其是一种钇稳定的氧化锆层作为在所述金属连接层上的内部陶瓷层,在该内部陶瓷层上还有一外部陶瓷层,该外部陶瓷层由重量百分比至少为80%尤其为100%的烧绿石Gd2Zr2O7组成。
本发明基于下列认识,即整个系统必须看作整体而不应看作相互彼此隔离的各单层,由此可以优化,以达到长的使用寿命。
按照本发明的一扩展设计,所述Gd2Zr2O7可由Gd2Hf2O7代替。
按照本发明的另一扩展设计,所述金属连接层也可用一个重量百分比成分为11-13%的钴、20-22%的铬、10.5-11.5%的铝、0.3-0.5%的钇、1.5-2.5%的铼和其余为镍的金属连接层来代替。
附图说明
下面借助附图所示实施方式对本发明予以详细说明,附图中:
图1表示按本发明的分层体构件;
图2表示一个涡轮叶片;以及
图3表示一台燃气轮机。
具体实施方式
图1表示按本发明的分层体构件1。该分层体构件1包括一个金属的基质层4,尤其对于高温构件它由镍基或钴基的超级高温合金组成。
直接在基质层4上存在一个金属的连接层7,它或者由重量百分比为11-13%的钴、20-22%的铬、10.5-11.5%的铝、0.3-0.5%的钇、1.5-2.5%的铼和其余为镍组成,或者由24-26%的钴、16-18%的铬、9.5-11%的铝、0.3-0.5%的钇、0.5-2%的铼和其余镍组成。
在此金属连接层7上,在涂覆另一些陶瓷层前已经形成一个氧化铝层,或在工作期间已经形成一个这种氧化铝层。
在金属连接层7上或在氧化铝层(未表示)上存在一个完全或部分稳定化的氧化锆层,作为内部的陶瓷层10。优选地采用钇稳定的氧化锆。同样可以使用氧化钙、氧化铈、氧化铪使氧化锆稳定化。
氧化锆优选地作为等离子喷镀层施加,但也可以作为柱状结构借助电子束蒸镀涂覆。
在稳定化的氧化锆层10上施加一个外部陶瓷层13,它大部分由烧绿石相组成,也就是说有重量百分比至少为80%的烧绿石相,以及或由Gd2Hf2O7或由Gd2Zr2O7组成。优选地,该外层13由两种烧绿石相之一100%地组成。
无定形的相或纯Gd2或纯ZrO2或纯HfO2在这里不予考虑。由没有烧绿石相的GdO2和ZrO2或HfO2组成的混合相是不希望的和应极小化。
本发明的要点是认识到不仅要优化外部陶瓷层13与内部陶瓷层10的相互作用,而且金属连接层7对这种双层陶瓷结构的外部陶瓷层13的寿命和功能有重要的影响。
图2用透视图表示流体机械的工作叶片120或导向叶片130,它沿纵轴线121延伸。
此流体机械可以是飞机或发电厂的燃气轮机、蒸汽轮机或压缩机。
叶片120、130沿纵轴线121彼此相继地有固定区400、与之邻接的叶片平台403以及叶身406。
作为导向叶片130,叶片130在其叶片顶端415有另一个平台(未表示)。
在固定区400构成一个叶根183,它用于将工作叶片120、130固定在一轴或一轮盘上(未表示)。叶根183例如设计为锤头。也可以不同地设计为纵树形或燕尾形叶根。
叶片120、130对于流过叶身406的介质有进口边409和流出边412。
在传统的叶片120、130中,在叶片120、130的所有区域400、403、406采用例如实心金属材料,尤其超级高温合金。
例如由EP1204776B 1、EP1306454、EP1319729A1、WO99//67435或WO00/44949已知这种超级高温合金;这些文件所涉及的合金的化学成分是本申请公开内容的一部分。
在这里,叶片120、130可以通过借助定向凝固的铸造法、锻造法、铣削法或这些方法的组合制造。
具有单晶结构的工件用作这些机器的构件,即它们在工作时遭受高的机械、热和/或化学负荷。
生产这种单晶体工件例如通过熔体的定向凝固进行。在这里涉及铸造方法,其中,液态的金属合金定向凝固为单晶结构,亦即单晶工体。在这里树枝状晶体沿热流定向,以及或构成条状晶体结构(柱状,亦即晶粒沿工件的全长延伸,以及在这里按通常的习惯用语称为定向凝固),或构成单晶结构,亦即整个工件由单个晶体组成。在此方法中人们必须避免向球状(多晶体)凝固过渡,因为通过不定向生长必然构成横向和纵向晶界,它们会使定向凝固的或单晶的构件良好的性质消失。
若一般地谈论定向凝固组织,则既指单晶体,它们没有晶界或至多小角度晶界,也指条状晶体结构,它们一定有沿纵向延伸的晶界,但没有横向的晶界。对于第二种提到的晶体结构,人们也称定向凝固结构(directionallysolidified structures)。
由US-PS6024792和EP0892090A1已知这些方法;这些文件是本申请公开内容的一部分。
同样,叶片120、130可以有防腐蚀或氧化的涂层,例如MCrAlX;M是铁(Fe)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)组中的至少一种元素,X是一种活性元素以及代表钇(Y)和/或硅和/或至少一种稀土元素或铪(Hf)。由EP0486489B 1、EP0786017B1、EP0412397B1或EP1306454A1已知这些合金,它们所涉及的合金化学成分应是本申请公开内容的一部分。
在MCrAlX上还可以存在一个隔热层以及例如由ZrO2、Y2O4-ZrO3组成,也就是说它没有、部分或完全通过氧化钇和/或氧化钙和/或氧化镁稳定化。通过适用的涂层方法,例如电子束蒸镀(EB-PVD),在隔热层内产生条状晶粒。
再加工(整修)的意思是,构件120、130在其使用后必要时必须除去保护层(例如通过喷砂)。之后进行去除腐蚀和/或氧化层或产物。必要时还要修理在构件120、130中的裂纹。然后进行构件120、130的再涂层和重新使用构件120、130。
叶片120、130可设计为空心或实心。当叶片120、130应冷却时,它是空心的以及必要时还有气膜冷却孔418(虚线所示)。
图3用局部纵剖面举例表示燃气轮机100。
燃气轮机100在内部有一个可绕旋转轴线102旋转地支承的有一轴101的转子103,它也称涡轮转子。涡转子103彼此相继地有进气机匣104、压气机105、例如花托状燃烧室110,尤其环形燃烧室,包括多个同轴布置的燃烧器107、涡轮108和排气机匣109。
环形燃烧室110与例如环形的热燃气通道111连通。在那里例如四个前后串联的涡轮级112构成所述的涡轮108。
每个涡轮级112例如由两个叶片环构成。沿工质113的流动方向看,在热燃气通道111内导向叶片排115的后面有一个由工作叶片120构成的叶排125。
导向叶片130固定在定子143的内机匣138上,反之,一个叶排125的工作叶片120例如借助涡轮盘133装在转子103上。在转子103上连接有一发电机或加工机械(未表示)。
在燃气轮机100运行时,空气135被压气机105通过进气机匣104吸入并压缩。在压气机105在涡轮一侧的端部制备的压缩空气供给燃烧器107,以及在那里与燃料混合。此混合物然后在燃烧室110内燃烧形成工质113。从那里出发,工质113沿热燃气通道111在导向叶片130和工作叶片120上流过。工质113在工作叶片120上膨胀作功和传递冲量,所以工作叶片120驱动转子103以及转子驱动与之连接的加工机械。
在燃气轮机100运行期间,遭遇热工质113的构件受热负荷。除了砌衬在环形燃烧室110内的热屏元件外,沿工质113流动方向看的第一涡轮级112的导向叶片130和工作叶片120热负荷最大。
为了能承受住在那里存在的温度,它们可以借助冷却剂冷却。
这些构件的基质层同样可以有定向结构,亦即是单晶体(SX结构),或只有纵向晶粒(DS结构)。
作为构件,尤其涡轮叶片120、130,以及燃烧室110构件用的材料,例如采用铁基、镍基或钴基超级高温合金。例如由EP1204776B1、EP1306454、EP1319729A1、WO99/67435或WO00/44949已知这种超级高温合金;这些文件所涉及的合金的化学成分是本申请公开内容的一部分。
叶片120、130同样可以有防腐蚀的涂层(MCrAlX;M是铁(Fe)、钴(Co)、镍(Ni)组中至少一种元素,X是一种活性元素以及代表钇(Y)和/或硅和/或至少一种稀土元素或铪)。由EP0486489B1、EP0786017B1、EP0412397B1或EP1306454A1已知这种合金,它们所涉及的化学成分应是本申请公开内容的一部分。
在MCrAlX上还可以存在一个隔热层以及例如由ZrO2、Y2O3-ZrO2组成,也就是说它没有、部分或完全通过氧化钇和/或氧化钙和/或氧化镁稳定化。通过适用的涂层方法,例如电子束蒸镀(EB-PVD),在隔热层内产生条状晶粒。
导向叶片130有一个面朝涡轮108内机匣138的导向叶片叶根(这里没有表示)和一个与导向叶片叶根对置的导向叶片端部。导向叶片端部面朝转子103以及固定在定子143的一固定环140上。
Claims (5)
1.一种分层体构件,包括一个基质层(4)和一个金属的连接层(7),该连接层(7)由重量百分比为24-26%的钴、16-18%的铬、9.5-11%的铝、0.3-0.5%的钇和0.5-2%的铼以及其余为镍组成,其中,有一个稳定的氧化锆层作为在所述金属连接层(7)上的内部陶瓷层(10),在该内部陶瓷层(10)上还有一外部陶瓷层(13),该外部陶瓷层(13)由重量百分比至少为80%的烧绿石型结构Gd2Zr2O7组成。
2.按照权利要求1所述的分层体构件,其特征为:所述稳定的氧化锆层是一种钇稳定的氧化锆层。
3.按照权利要求1所述的分层体构件,其特征为:该外部陶瓷层(13)由重量百分比为100%的烧绿石型结构Gd2Zr2O7组成。
4.按照权利要求1所述的分层体构件,其特征为:Gd2Zr2O7由Gd2Hf2O7代替。
5.按照权利要求1所述的分层体构件,其特征为:所述金属连接层(7)用一个重量百分比成分为11-13%的钴、20-22%的铬、10.5-11.5%的铝、0.3-0.5%的钇、1.5-2.5%的铼和其余为镍的金属连接层(7)代替。
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EP05007225A EP1707653B1 (de) | 2005-04-01 | 2005-04-01 | Schichtsystem |
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CA (1) | CA2541289A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE502005009754D1 (zh) |
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US20090246008A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
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TW200643220A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
ES2346228T3 (es) | 2010-10-13 |
EP1707653B1 (de) | 2010-06-16 |
CN1840329A (zh) | 2006-10-04 |
JP2006281783A (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
DE502005009754D1 (de) | 2010-07-29 |
BRPI0601049A (pt) | 2006-12-05 |
CA2541289A1 (en) | 2006-10-01 |
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KR20060105634A (ko) | 2006-10-11 |
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