CN1816006A - T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的一种T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法,所述T.38网关至少包括一发送网关和一接收网关,所述发送网关连接一发送传真机,所述接收网关连接一接收传真机,所述方法包括:a)所述发送网关和所述接收网关对收到的所有V.21帧类型进行判断;b)所述接收网关或所述发送网关接收到NSF非标准帧时,对该NSF非标准帧进行修改使对应接收传真机或发送传真机无法收到正确的NSF非标准帧;c)所述接收网关或发送网关将修改后的NSF帧数据打包或调制后继续发送。本发明方法将以私有帧进行传真速率协商的传真流程通过网关处理,修改为按标准帧协商,确保了网关能够正确提取速率参数的方案,保证了网络传真的正常进行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种网络传真技术,尤其涉及的是,网络传真中T.38网关对非标准帧NSF及NSS的一种处理方法。
背景技术
随着Internet使用的普及和技术的成熟,使得传统的传真信息承载在Internet上传输成为可能,因此,IP传真即网络传真的相关技术就应运而生。T.38IP实时传真是一种具有良好的抗网络丢包、抖动能力的IP传真技术,在NGN网络中得到广泛应用。T.38实时传真系统结构如下图1所示,在IP实时传真系统中,两终端传真机1和2之间进行的是实时通信,传真流程遵循T.30协议,两传真机在一次传真通信中,进行信令交互或报文收发,传真机调制发送的数据经过网关时,网关会对调制的信号进行解调,将解调的数据打成T.38协议规定的IP包,通过IP网络发往对方的网关,对端网关从IP包中拆出数据,并调制发送给对应传真机。
普通传真机通常支持以ITU-T V.27ter/V.29/V.17协议规定调制解调速率发送传真页面的报文。在T.30协议中,传真过程被分为5个阶段,其中阶段B为报文前过程,如图2所示的,进行传真能力的协商与训练:首先被叫发送机即被叫传真机发送能力标识DIS(Digital identification signal,是传真接收方发送的数字标识信号),也可能有用户标志帧CSI或NSF(Nonstandard facilities,非标准设备帧:这个消息说明传真操作的某些属性在ITU标准中没有定义,该属性在FIFO中编码,但是编码方式没有定义)信号;主叫发送机即主叫传真机收到该信号后反馈接收命令DCS,该命令提供关于调制器速度、图像宽度、图像编码和页长方面信息,也可能有带有其电话号码的用户信息帧TSI信号或应答NSF帧的非标准设备命令NSS(Nonstandard setup)信号,然后发送训练信号TCF;被叫发送机接收到TCF信号后再反馈接收证实信号CFR。
在图2所示该传真流程的阶段B中,该阶段训练信号TCF是以ITU-TV.27ter/V.29/V.17协议规定的速率调制发送全零数据,其他信号,如能力标识((NSF)(CSI)DIS)、接收命令((TSI)DCS)、接收证实(CFR)都是以ITU-TV.21协议规定的速率和调制方式发送、接收,格式为HDLC的帧。V.21信号的HDLC帧格式如图3所示。
另外,一个完整的V.21帧的T.38IFP包中包括:V.21flag指示包,即t30-ind,对帧数据前的标示序列打的指示包;V.21帧数据包,即hdlc-data,从地址域到FCS前的帧数据打包,可以打成多个包;FCS校验结果包,即hdlc-fcs-ok或hdlc-fcs-bad,如果网关解调接收到的帧数据正确,打hdlc-fcs-ok包;如果错误,打hdlc-fcs-bad包;V.21帧结束包,即sig-end,网关解调接收的V.21帧信号能量消失。
被叫传真机进入阶段B后,主动发出能力标识信号(NSF)(CSI)DIS,其中NSF、CSI为选用帧,DIS帧信号的信息位承载了该传真机的性能参数,包括传真机在报文传输阶段支持的调制解调协议、编码格式、ECM方式等特性。主叫传真机收到DIS后,会根据DIS中承载的被叫传真机能力,结合自身的能力协商出双方共同支持的能力参数,通过DCS发送给被叫传真机。被叫传真机将根据DCS参数来确定以哪种速率进行信道训练及解调接收传真页面。
在T.38IP实时传真中,DCS经过网关时,发送网关和接收网关都要对DCS的参数进行提取,以实现网关对TCF数据及报文数据的调制、解调。因为DCS是T.30协议规定的标准帧,协议对DCS的信息字段的每个bit位所代表的意义有定义,所以,网关能够提取DCS的参数并解析出速率等信息。
在T.30协议中规定,在传真阶段B,传真机还可以通过非标准设备信号NSF/NSS等来协商速率等参数。所述非标准设备信号在阶段B的协商速率流程如图4所示,进入阶段B后,被叫传真机发送能力标识NSF/(CSI)/DIS,其中CSI为选用帧。NSF的信息字段包括传真机厂商的国家代码、厂商代码、传真机型号、速率参数将怎样承载等信息,主叫传真机收到该非标准能力标识NSF信号,如果主叫传真机符合被叫传真机厂商的私有规定,将回复非标准的接收命令NSS信号,在NSS帧中承载了协商的结果:速率、是否ECM方式等信息;后续发送训练信号TCF以及所述被叫传真机接收到训练信号发送接收证实信号CFR的过程是同标准帧相同。但在通过T.38网关进行网络传真时,由于NSF、NSS的格式是传真机设备商私有定义的,T.38网关没有办法提取到调制解调需要的必备参数,因此在采用非标准帧的情况下,传真过程必然失败。
因此,现有技术的网关对TDM(Time Division Multiplexing,时分多路复用)侧解调接收到的V.21帧及IP侧收到的V.21帧类型都进行判断,如果TDM侧收到NSF,如图5所示的,将对NSF进行丢弃处理,即不对NSF帧数据进行打包发送到IP侧。这样,如果接收传真机发送的是NSF/(CSI)/DIS,由于网关对NSF的丢弃处理,实际到达发送传真机的只有(CSI)/DIS信号,发送传真机回复T.30协议规定的标准帧(TSI)/DCS,DCS承载了调制解调速率、ECM方式等信息。
如果IP侧收到NSF帧信号,如图6所示,网关对IP侧收到NSF帧信号做丢弃处理,不将该帧数据调制发送给发送传真机,继续接收IP侧后续的(CSI)/DIS帧,对(CSI)/DIS正常调制发送。
上述解决方案中,虽然在一般情况下,可以通过网关对NSF的丢弃处理,实现传真机以标准命令DCS承载速率信息。但此方案有以下缺点:
T.30协议规定:发送单个V.21帧或发送多个连续V.21帧前,先传送1s±15%的一串标志序列,以V.21调制的0x7e;经接收和检测到的大于3.45s的任一帧丢弃。
如图7所示,因为网关将NSF帧丢弃,发送网关是从收到前导序列的第一个flag(0x7e)就开始向传真机调制发送0x7e,直到收到后续的DIS帧,这样接收传真机会认为DIS是第一帧信号,之前的0x7e都是前导序列。有些传真机从收到第一个0x7e就开始计时,3.45s内不能接收完DIS,就认为接收命令失败。
其次,网关的初始状态都是语音态,当检测到传真的特征信号CED或V.21flag((NSF)/DIS的前导码)后才切换到传真状态。
在网关的实际应用中,经常会出现因软交换组网复杂使得网关切换速度慢或接收网关对传真事件检测失败等情况,因为T.38网关对NSF信号的干预只能在T.38传真状态进行,因此,出现这两种情况时,会造成NSF在语音状态透传(以语音方式)到发送传真机,如图8所示的,符合私有规定的发送传真机会回复NSS信号,速率协商仍然通过私有帧进行,这样,网关切换到T.38传真状态后就无法提取速率参数,从而导致传真失败。
因此,现有技术存在一定的缺陷,而有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供的一种T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法,由网关对非标准帧NSF、NSS进行修改,使得网络传真机最终以标准帧进行速率协商,网关从标准命令DCS中提取到正确的参数信息,以使网络传真正常进行。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法,所述T.38网关至少包括一发送网关和一接收网关,所述发送网关连接一发送传真机,所述接收网关连接一接收传真机,所述方法包括:
a)、所述发送网关或所述接收网关对收到的所有V.21帧类型进行判断;
b)、所述接收网关或所述发送网关接收到NSF非标准帧时,对该NSF非标准帧进行修改使对应接收传真机或发送传真机无法收到正确的NSF非标准帧;
c)、所述接收网关将修改后的NSF帧数据打包或者所述发送网关将修改后的NSF帧数据调制后继续发送。
所述的处理方法,其中,所述对NSF非标准帧的修改包括将其中的国家代码字节修改为没有国家名称与之对应的数字,并对设备厂商字节及其它参数字节随机修改。
所述的处理方法还包括:
d)、所述发送网关在检测接收到NSS帧时,对NSS帧数据进行打包发送给网络侧,无论该帧的FCS实际校验结果如何,都将该帧的FCS校验结果打FCS-BAD包;然后对该NSS帧数据进行打包继续发送。
所述的处理方法还包括:
e)、所述接收网关在检测接收到NSS帧信号时,所述接收网关收到NSS帧及帧校验结果IFP包,无论校验结果如何,都强制按BAD结果进行处理,所述接收网关将NSS帧数据调制发送给所述接收传真机,并在发送该帧的FCS帧校验序列时,将FCS校验序列的值进行随机修改。
本发明所提供的一种T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法,将以私有帧进行传真速率协商的传真流程通过网关处理,修改为按标准帧协商,确保了网关能够正确提取速率参数的方案,保证了网络传真的正常进行,并保证了非标准帧的透传到传真机后转换为标准帧的协商处理。
附图说明
图1为现有技术的T.38系统网络实时传真系统的结构示意图;
图2为现有技术的普通传真流程中的阶段B的流程示意图;
图3为现有技术的V.21信号的HDLC帧格式示意图;
图4为现有技术的普通传真流程中通过非标准设备帧进行速率协商的流程示意图;
图5为现有技术的网络传真流程中在TDM侧收到NSF帧时的处理流程示意图;
图6为现有技术的网络传真流程中在IP侧收到NSF帧信号时的处理流程示意图;
图7为现有技术的采用网关丢弃NSF帧方案导致flag过长的效果示意图;
图8为现有技术的NSF帧在语音态到达发送传真机网关无法干预的流程示意图;
图9为本发明的所述T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法中的NSF帧的结构示意图;
图10为本发明方法的接收网关对NSF非标准帧的参数进行修改的流程示意图;
图11为本发明方法的发送网关对NSF非标准帧的参数进行修改的流程示意图;
图12为本发明方法中的发送网关对NSS非标准帧的FCS校验结果处理的流程示意图;
图13为本发明方法中的接收网关将IP侧收到的NSS非标准帧作为FCS校验错误帧调制发送的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
以下,将详细描述本发明的较佳实施例。
本发明所述T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法中,所述NSF非标准帧的结构如图9所示,其中包括了传真信息,分别为国家代码、厂商信息和其它参数等;网关对TDM侧解调接收到的V.21帧及IP侧收到的V.21帧类型都进行判断,如果TDM侧收到NSF帧,所述接收网关将TDM侧解调接收到的NSF帧的传真信息字段进行修改,如图10所示的,其中阴影方形表示了接收网关将NSF帧的信息字节进行了修改,即:将NSF帧中的国家代码字节修改为没有国家名称与之对应的数字,在ITU-T T.35协议中已定义了国家名称与代码的对应关系,而对设备厂商字节及后续的传真信息随机修改。将修改后的NSF帧数据打包发送给IP网络。所述发送传真机收到这种处理过后的NSF帧后,从信息字段中提取到的国家代码、厂商等信息与自己的不同,就不回复NSS帧信号,而是根据能力标识DIS来回复标准命令DCS信号。
如果IP侧发送网关收到NSF帧信号,则如图11所示,其中的阴影方形表示发送网关将NSF帧的信息字节进行了修改,所述发送网关对IP侧收到的NSF帧的传真信息字段进行修改,即:将NSF帧中的国家代码字节修改为没有国家名称与之对应的数字,而对设备厂商字节及后续的传真信息随机修改,将修改后的NSF帧数据调制后发送给传真机。
另外,为了防止NSF帧在语音通道以语音编码方式透传到发送传真机,导致符合私有定义的发送传真机回复NSS帧,使得网关进入T.38传真态后,收到NSS帧仍无法提取速率参数等信息,所述网关进行如下处理:网关切换到T.38传真态后,对TDM侧解调接收到的V.21帧及IP侧收到的V.21帧类型都进行判断,如果TDM侧收到NSS帧,如图12所示的,图中的阴影圆形代表了发送网关将NSS帧校验结果强制改为BAD,阴影方形代表了接收网关将NSF帧的信息字节进行了修改,所述发送网关进行如下处理:发送网关收到TDM侧的NSS帧,对NSS帧数据进行打包发送给IP侧,无论该帧的FCS实际校验结果是OK还是BAD,都将该帧的FCS校验结果打成FCS-BAD包,如此可以迫使接收传真机再次重传NSF帧,后续程序与上述NSF帧的处理过程相同了。
如果IP侧收到NSS帧信号,在如图13所示的,图中的阴影圆形代表了接收网关向传真机发送NSS帧的FCS校验结果字节时强制修改了校验字节,阴影方形代表了接收网关将NSF帧的信息字节进行了修改,所述接收网关进行如下处理:接收网关收到IP侧的NSS帧、及帧校验结果IFP包,网关将NSS数据调制发送给接收传真机,在发送该帧的FCS帧校验序列时,无论校验结果为OK还是BAD,都强制按BAD结果进行处理,将FCS校验序列的值进行随机修改再发送。
这样,因为网关的对NSS帧的FCS校验序列的修改,接收传真机认为收到的NSS帧信号错误,就会重新发送NSF/DIS。网关就可以按本发明前面提供的对NSF帧内容进行修改的方法,对这次重传的NSF帧进行修改,达到以T.30定义的标准帧信号DIS、DCS进行速率协商的目的。
应当理解的是,本发明的上述针对具体实施例的描述比较具体,并不能因此而理解为对本发明的专利保护范围的限制,其专利保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (4)
1、一种T.38网关对非标准帧的处理方法,所述T.38网关至少包括一发送网关和一接收网关,所述发送网关连接一发送传真机,所述接收网关连接一接收传真机,所述方法包括:
a)、所述发送网关和所述接收网关对收到的所有V.21帧类型进行判断;
b)、所述接收网关或所述发送网关接收到NSF非标准帧时,对该NSF非标准帧进行修改使对应接收传真机或发送传真机无法收到正确的NSF非标准帧;
c)、所述接收网关将修改后的NSF帧数据打包或者所述发送网关将修改后的NSF帧数据调制后继续发送。
2、根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述对NSF非标准帧的修改包括将其中的国家代码字节修改为没有国家名称与之对应的数字,并对设备厂商字节及其它参数字节随机修改。
3、根据权利要求1所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
d)、所述发送网关在检测接收到NSS帧时,对NSS帧数据进行打包发送给网络侧,无论该帧的FCS实际校验结果如何,都将该帧的FCS校验结果打FCS-BAD包;然后对该NSS帧数据进行打包继续发送。
4、根据权利要求1~3任一权项所述的处理方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:
e)、所述接收网关在检测接收到NSS帧信号时,所述接收网关收到NSS帧及帧校验结果IFP包,无论校验结果如何,都强制按BAD结果进行处理,所述接收网关将NSS帧数据调制发送给所述接收传真机,并在发送该帧的FCS帧校验序列时,将FCS校验序列的值进行随机修改。
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CN103581495A (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-12 | 上海贝尔股份有限公司 | 处理传真呼叫的方法和网关设备 |
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CN103581495B (zh) * | 2012-07-31 | 2016-08-10 | 上海贝尔股份有限公司 | 处理传真呼叫的方法和网关设备 |
WO2022042543A1 (zh) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种以太网错误帧的重传方法及相关装置 |
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