CN1810144A - Process of preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover - Google Patents
Process of preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover Download PDFInfo
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- CN1810144A CN1810144A CNA2006100202761A CN200610020276A CN1810144A CN 1810144 A CN1810144 A CN 1810144A CN A2006100202761 A CNA2006100202761 A CN A2006100202761A CN 200610020276 A CN200610020276 A CN 200610020276A CN 1810144 A CN1810144 A CN 1810144A
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- feed additive
- protein feed
- mushroom leftover
- waste mushroom
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Abstract
The process of preparing protein feed additive with mushroom leftover includes crushing mushroom leftover with bag eliminated, fermentation and drying, and features the flash evaporation of crushed mushroom leftover before fermentation and the mixed microbial fermentation. The process can eliminate harmful metabolism product, toxin and pollutant microbe from mushroom leftover, crack and decompose cellulose in the material and form optimized protein and other nutritious components, and the protein feed additive can improve the taste and attraction of feed. The present invention may be used in treating various kinds of mushroom leftover to provide cheap concentrated feed while eliminating relevant environmental pollution.
Description
One, technical field
The invention belongs to the waste mushroom leftover reutilization technology field behind the edible fungus culturing, be specifically related to a kind of waste mushroom leftover behind the edible fungus culturing is handled with microbial engineering after, make the method for protein feed additive.
Two, background technology
The culturing raw material of edible mushroom mainly is stalk and cotton seed hulls, after once cultivating, cellulose has decomposed 30% approximately in the raw material, the material of these the easy decomposition and inversion bacterium that has been eaten in the course of cultivation absorbs, residual is the mostly metabolite of difficult decomposition of cellulose, edible mushroom and the contaminating microorganisms and its toxin that more or less exist.These cultivation discarded objects that are called as the bacterium chaff are arbitrarily abandoned in the cultivation area owing to not utilizing again and disposing, and have have both occupied land used, again rural environment are caused severe contamination, harm mushroom industry benign development and new countryside construction.
And facing some problems aspect the livestock and poultry fish culture: because of reasons such as rabid ox diseases, country suspends the use of some animal sources albumen, cause culturing protein raw materials source wretched insufficiency, in addition, progressively the applying of the deep processing of grain and clean fuel alcohol, strive grain with the people, to strive the grain phenomenon more and more outstanding with breed, makes and cause the aquaculture cost height by conventional feed cost of material height such as corn, beans Hectometer, of poor benefits, the concentrated feed breach is big.
Be called as at mushroom industry cultivation discarded object serious environment pollution problem and these in cultivation discarded object of bacterium chaff and also contain amounts of protein, multiple nutrients materials such as abundant vitamin, calcium, phosphorus, in recent years, people have begun to remedy with the bacterium chaff deficiency of aquaculture feed.But directly cooperate other feeds to carry out the less of pasture the bacterium chaff, be simply to handle after the collection of bacterium chaff mostly, be air-dry or dry, pulverize the back and use also have some producers to adopt the method for removing water treatment and heated-air drying to produce animal feeding-stuff containing somatic protein.Though these methods have solved the pollution of waste mushroom leftover to environment, also remedy the deficiency of aquaculture feed to a certain extent, but because it can not eliminate wherein contained harmful metabolite and most of contaminating microorganisms fully, feeding security is low, and addition is also restricted.CN01106380.7 has proposed " detoxification penicillin mushroom dregs and preparation method thereof and as the application of mycoprotein in feed " scheme.This scheme is to be raw material with the penicillin mushroom dregs, and after noxious material was removed in the unicellular fermentation of inoculation brewer's yeast and red vacation, the zymotic fluid drying was prepared from, and concrete operation has strain preparation, the pre-treatment of bacterium slag, ferment tank and spray-drying.Though this scheme can solve penicillin mushroom dregs and produce the problem that occurs in the mycoprotein as raw material, applicable surface is narrow, complex treatment process, and the temperature height, process conditions are wayward, and equipment needed thereby requires high, not too suitable comparatively extensive feed processing.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is problem at the prior art existence, a kind of method with preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover is provided, this method can not only be removed harmful metabolite, the contaminating microorganisms in the bacterium chaff, remaining cellulose is decomposed, give full play to the potential value of bacterium chaff, and suitable face width, treatment process is simple, be easy to grasp, control, it is low to consume energy, comparatively suitable extensive feed processing.
Method with preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover provided by the invention, this method is that the waste mushroom leftover behind the edible fungus culturing is taken off the bag crushing, ferment then, drying forms, before it is characterized in that taking off the waste mushroom leftover fermentation of bag crushing, need to handle through the steam flash distillation earlier, and fermentation is microorganism mixed culture fermentation, pulverizes after the drying again, and the control parameter of its processing step is respectively:
The steam flash distillation is put into the steam flash tank with the bacterium piece of crushing, feeds steam, makes pressure rise to 0.1～0.3MPa, keeps 10～30 minutes, pressure is risen to 0.4～1.0Mpa again after instantaneous exhaust decompression to normal pressure;
Microorganism mixed culture fermentation adds 21.58～58.25 parts of auxiliary materials in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation and 30～50 parts of water are mixed thoroughly by weight, and inoculates 5～10 parts of saccharomycete and 5～10 parts of wood are mould, cultivates 2～3 days down in 28～32 ℃.
Added auxiliary material is by 5～20 parts of wheat bran in the said method, 5～15 parts of hyphopodiums, and 1.0～1.5 parts of urea, 0.5～1.5 part of ammonium sulfate, 10～20 parts of vegetable seed Hectometer, 0.05～0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03～0.05 part of magnesium sulfate is formed.
Saccharomycete of inoculating in the said method and wood are mould all to be that the inventor is homemade.Saccharomycetic concrete preparation method earlier shakes bottle with barms to cultivate 1～2 day under 28～32 ℃, and then move in the seeding tank in 28～32 ℃ down cultivation got final product in 1～2 day.The mould concrete preparation method of wood earlier shakes bottle with wooden mould spore to cultivate 2～3 days under 28～32 ℃, and then move in the seeding tank in 28～32 ℃ down cultivation got final product in 2～3 days.These preparation methods are the routine techniques of microorganism field.
Bag crushing operation that takes off wherein is that the outer polybag film of discarded bacterium bag is sloughed, and cenobium is crushed to piece, makes it easy to carry out the steam flash distillation and handles.First stage of steam flash distillation operation is to utilize steam to make the bacterium piece of crushing soften, remove harmful metabolite of part and toxin, and kill all contaminating microorganisms that adhere on the raw material, second stage is to allow steam outwards explosion type ejection in the raw material, make that undecomposed cellulose etc. expands with cracked in the raw material, increasing the attenuation degree of cellulosic surface area and subsequent processing, and further destroy or harmful metabolite of volatilization and toxin.The setting of microorganism mixed culture fermentation operation then is because harmful metabolite and toxin can only be sterilized, remove or destroy to the steam flash process to the bacterium piece, and material such as cellulose is expanded and cracked etc., but can not decomposition of cellulose, this operation is set, adding discarded auxiliary materials such as hyphopodium in the bacterium piece can make nutritional labeling more coordinate on the one hand, can also promote the saccharomycete and the wooden mould growth that insert on the other hand, inorganic nitrogen in the bacterium piece is converted into high-quality protein, produce abundant nutrients such as vitamin, and can greatly improve palatability and local flavor.Through composite, promptly, add mineral element copper, iron, manganese, zinc etc. and essential amino acid as required as again, just can become biological protein feedstuff by the standard of the relevant feedstuff of country.
In order to make prepared protein feed additive be more convenient for pulverizing and storing, drying process should be controlled prepared protein feed additive moisture content＜12%.
For prepared protein feed additive is more convenient for and composite raw material particle size collocation, pulverizing process should be controlled prepared protein feed additive and sieve with 20～60 eye mesh screens.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has the following advantages:
1, because the present invention has adopted steam flash distillation operation that waste mushroom leftover is handled, thereby not only can remove some harmful components in harmful metabolite, contaminating microorganisms and the former cultivation material in the bacterium chaff, as gossypol etc., also avoided the prior art disadvantage that the microbial contamination amount increases in the process of drying, can increase simultaneously the fermentation enzymolysis degree of cellulosic surface area and subsequent processing, lay the foundation for utilizing nutriment contained in the residual fiber element.
2, because the present invention has also adopted microorganism mixed culture fermentation operation that waste mushroom leftover is proceeded to handle after steam flash distillation operation, thereby on the one hand bacterium chaff mesostroma is partly decomposed, make full use of nutriment contained in this part cellulose, on the other hand because of in fermentation enzymolysis bacterium chaff, having added auxiliary material such as hyphopodium, make it further to optimize during the fermentation nutritional labelings such as protein, as improve true protein content and lysine content, produce abundant nutrients such as vitamin, and contain multiple digestive enzymes, as protease, amylase etc., greatly improve palatability and attractant, the zymophyte chaff hyphopodium feed additive that the present invention is prepared is different from the conventional feed additive.
3, because the bacterium chaff hyphopodium protein feed additive after the inventive method is handled has contained considerable nutriment, wherein crude protein content just is 20%, more than 30% of alternative ox concentrated feed, or substitute middle hog grower feed more than 20%, thereby when mixed feeds such as preparation ox, sheep, pig, only need add less substance and get final product, can reduce aquaculture cost greatly, it is estimated that the nursing cost of average every ox can reduce by 100 yuan, economic benefit is very considerable.
4, the inventive method not only is suitable for face width, and treatment process is uncomplicated, and process conditions are easy to grasp, control, and it is low to consume energy, comparatively suitable extensive feed processing.
5, since the inventive method can handle the bacterium chaff in a large number and prepare protein feed additive, thereby both can thoroughly solve the severe contamination problem of edible mushroom producing region environment, can reduce aquaculture cost again, maximally utilise natural resources, for aquaculture provides concentrated feed of high quality and at a reasonable price, also expanded industrial chain simultaneously, increase farmers' income, increased new job opportunity, for the recycling economy that develops eco-agriculture has been filled an important ring.
Four, the specific embodiment
Below by embodiment the present invention is specifically described; be necessary to be pointed out that at this following examples only are used for that the invention will be further described; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention; the person skilled in the art in this field makes some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the content of the invention described above to the present invention, still belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
At first will discard the outer polybag film of bacterium bag and slough, and cenobium wherein will be crushed to piece, put into the steam flash tank then, feed steam, and make steam pressure rise to 0.3Mpa, keep 30 minutes after, again pressure is risen to 0.4Mpa, and immediately exhaust decompression to normal pressure; By weight, add 10 parts in wheat bran, 8 parts of hyphopodiums, 1.0 parts in urea in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation, 0.5 part in ammonium sulfate, 10 parts of vegetable seed Hectometer, 0.05 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03 part in magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of homemade Yeast Cultivation liquid and 5 parts and 30 parts water of wooden mould nutrient solution are mixed thoroughly, cultivate 2 days for 28 ℃; Protein feed additive with gained after the microorganism mixed culture fermentation is dried to moisture content＜12% then, pulverizes at last, and crushed material sieves with 20～60 eye mesh screens and gets final product.
Embodiment 2
At first will discard the outer polybag film of bacterium bag and slough, and cenobium wherein will be crushed to piece, put into the steam flash tank then, feed steam, make steam pressure rise to 0.15Mpa, keep 25 minutes after, again pressure is risen to 1.0Mpa, and immediately exhaust decompression to normal pressure; By weight, add 15 parts in wheat bran, 5 parts of hyphopodiums, 1.2 parts in urea in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation, 1.0 parts in ammonium sulfate, 18 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0.1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 part in magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of homemade Yeast Cultivation liquid and 8 parts and 40 parts water of wooden mould nutrient solution are mixed thoroughly, cultivate 3 days for 30 ℃; Protein feed additive with gained after the microorganism mixed culture fermentation is dried to moisture content＜12% then, pulverizes at last, and crushed material sieves with 20～60 eye mesh screens and gets final product.
Embodiment 3
At first will discard the outer polybag film of bacterium bag and slough, and cenobium wherein will be crushed to piece, put into the steam flash tank then, feed steam, make steam pressure rise to 0.25Mpa, keep 20 minutes after, again pressure is risen to 0.6Mpa, and immediately exhaust decompression to normal pressure; By weight, add 20 parts in wheat bran, 15 parts of hyphopodiums, 1.5 parts in urea in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation, 1.5 parts in ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of vegetable seed Hectometer, 0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 part in magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of homemade Yeast Cultivation liquid and 10 parts and 50 parts water of wooden mould nutrient solution are mixed thoroughly, cultivate 3 days for 32 ℃; Protein feed additive with gained after the microorganism mixed culture fermentation is dried to moisture content＜12% then, pulverizes at last, and crushed material sieves with 20～60 eye mesh screens and gets final product.
Embodiment 4
At first will discard the outer polybag film of bacterium bag and slough, and cenobium wherein will be crushed to piece, put into the steam flash tank then, feed steam, and make steam pressure rise to 0.2Mpa, keep 10 minutes after, again pressure is risen to 0.5Mpa, and immediately exhaust decompression to normal pressure; By weight, add 18 parts in wheat bran, 5 parts of hyphopodiums, 1.5 parts in urea in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation, 1.0 parts in ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of rapeseed dregs, 0.15 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.04 part in magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of homemade Yeast Cultivation liquid and 5 parts and 50 parts water of wooden mould nutrient solution are mixed thoroughly, cultivate 3 days for 32 ℃; Protein feed additive with gained after the microorganism mixed culture fermentation is dried to moisture content＜12% then, pulverizes at last, and crushed material sieves with 20～60 eye mesh screens and gets final product.
Embodiment 5
At first will discard the outer polybag film of bacterium bag and slough, and cenobium wherein will be crushed to piece, put into the steam flash tank then, feed steam, and make steam pressure rise to 0.2Mpa, keep 10 minutes after, again pressure is risen to 0.5Mpa, and immediately exhaust decompression to normal pressure; By weight, add 18 parts in wheat bran, 5 parts of hyphopodiums, 1.5 parts in urea in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation, 1.0 parts in ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of vegetable seed Hectometer, 0.15 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.04 part in magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of homemade Yeast Cultivation liquid and 5 parts and 50 parts water of wooden mould nutrient solution are mixed thoroughly, cultivate 3 days for 32 ℃; Protein feed additive with gained after the microorganism mixed culture fermentation is dried to moisture content＜12% then, pulverizes at last, and crushed material sieves with 20～60 eye mesh screens and gets final product.
Embodiment 6
At first will discard the outer polybag film of bacterium bag and slough, and cenobium wherein will be crushed to piece, put into the steam flash tank then, feed steam, make steam pressure rise to 0.18Mpa, keep 18 minutes after, again pressure is risen to 0.7Mpa, and immediately exhaust decompression to normal pressure; By weight, add 5 parts in wheat bran, 10 parts of hyphopodiums, 1.5 parts in urea in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation, 1.5 parts in ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of vegetable seed Hectometer, 0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03 part in magnesium sulfate, 10 parts of homemade Yeast Cultivation liquid and 10 parts and 30 parts water of wooden mould nutrient solution are mixed thoroughly, cultivate 2 days for 32 ℃; Protein feed additive with gained after the microorganism mixed culture fermentation is dried to moisture content＜12% then, pulverizes at last, and crushed material sieves with 20～60 eye mesh screens and gets final product.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method with preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover, this method is that the waste mushroom leftover behind the edible fungus culturing is taken off the bag crushing, ferment then, drying forms, before it is characterized in that taking off the waste mushroom leftover fermentation of bag crushing, need to handle through the steam flash distillation earlier, and fermentation is microorganism mixed culture fermentation, pulverizes after the drying again, and the control parameter of its processing step is respectively:
The steam flash distillation is put into the steam flash tank with the bacterium piece of crushing, feeds steam, makes pressure rise to 0.1～0.3MPa, keeps 10～30 minutes, pressure is risen to 0.4～1.0Mpa again after instantaneous exhaust decompression to normal pressure;
Microorganism mixed culture fermentation adds 21.58～58.25 parts of auxiliary materials in 100 parts of bacterium pieces after flash distillation and 30～50 parts of water are mixed thoroughly by weight, and inoculates 5～10 parts of saccharomycete and 5～10 parts of wood are mould, cultivates 2～3 days down in 28～32 ℃.
2, according to the described method of claim 1 with preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover, it is characterized in that added auxiliary material is by 5～20 parts of wheat bran, 5～15 parts of hyphopodiums, 1.0～1.5 parts of urea, 0.5～1.5 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10～20 parts of vegetable seed Hectometer, 0.05～0.2 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.03～0.05 part of magnesium sulfate is formed.
3,, it is characterized in that drying process should control prepared protein feed additive moisture content＜12% according to claim 1 or 2 described methods with preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover.
4,, it is characterized in that pulverizing process should control prepared protein feed additive and sieve with 20～60 eye mesh screens according to claim 1 or 2 described methods with preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover.
5,, it is characterized in that pulverizing process should control prepared protein feed additive and sieve with 20～60 eye mesh screens according to the described method with preparing protein feed additive with waste mushroom leftover of claim 3.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101085999B (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2010-06-09 | 北京科技大学 | Method for kitchen garbage lactic acid fermentation facilitated by mushroom bran |
| CN102715339A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2012-10-10 | 陈华友 | Microorganism fodder production method based on pleurotus eryngii mushroom cultivating residues |
| CN102972623A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-20 | 广东省微生物研究所 | Method for producing protein feed through hypsizygus marmoreus fungus chaff solid state fermentation and protein feed being produced via method for producing protein feed through hypsizygus marmoreus fungus chaff solid state fermentation |
| CN104171759A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-03 | 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所 | Edible mushroom residue feed preparation process |
| CN104397337A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 融水苗族自治县水产畜牧兽医局 | Method for reducing crude fibers to produce feed by utilization of straw fermentation |
| CN104509691A (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2015-04-15 | 广西柳州市鹿寨县春天农业有限公司 | Fungus chaff bird feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN108740346A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-06 | 段建梅 | Edible fungi residue feed production method |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL194978C (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 2003-04-03 | Transportbedrijf R C Van Rijns | Process for processing mushroom feet into an industrially useful product. |
| CN1089440A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1994-07-20 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Produce the method for animal feeding-stuff containing somatic protein with waste mushroom |
| JPH08181A (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 1996-01-09 | Noboru Yamamoto | Production of feed, fertilizer, etc., using waste mushroom cultivation medium |
| CN1579197A (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-02-16 | 王升厚 | Bacterisugar mono-cell protein feed producing method |
| CN1653936B (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2011-06-15 | 迟乃玉 | Method for preparing composite micro-ecological enzyme for feeding the ruminant by using disused mushroom dregs |
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2006
- 2006-02-14 CN CNB2006100202761A patent/CN100389672C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101085999B (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2010-06-09 | 北京科技大学 | Method for kitchen garbage lactic acid fermentation facilitated by mushroom bran |
| CN102715339A (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2012-10-10 | 陈华友 | Microorganism fodder production method based on pleurotus eryngii mushroom cultivating residues |
| CN102972623A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-20 | 广东省微生物研究所 | Method for producing protein feed through hypsizygus marmoreus fungus chaff solid state fermentation and protein feed being produced via method for producing protein feed through hypsizygus marmoreus fungus chaff solid state fermentation |
| CN104509691A (en) * | 2013-12-14 | 2015-04-15 | 广西柳州市鹿寨县春天农业有限公司 | Fungus chaff bird feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN104171759A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2014-12-03 | 中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所 | Edible mushroom residue feed preparation process |
| CN104397337A (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-03-11 | 融水苗族自治县水产畜牧兽医局 | Method for reducing crude fibers to produce feed by utilization of straw fermentation |
| CN108740346A (en) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-11-06 | 段建梅 | Edible fungi residue feed production method |
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