CN1808599A - 主轴电机结构及使用该主轴电机结构的硬盘驱动器 - Google Patents

主轴电机结构及使用该主轴电机结构的硬盘驱动器 Download PDF

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CN1808599A
CN1808599A CNA2005101034769A CN200510103476A CN1808599A CN 1808599 A CN1808599 A CN 1808599A CN A2005101034769 A CNA2005101034769 A CN A2005101034769A CN 200510103476 A CN200510103476 A CN 200510103476A CN 1808599 A CN1808599 A CN 1808599A
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spindle motor
circuit board
bearing
hard disk
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CN1808599B (zh
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孙荣
高汀锡
郭朱泳
韩载爀
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • G11BINFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
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    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/24Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
    • F16C17/243Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety related to temperature and heat, e.g. for preventing overheating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/12Impregnating, heating or drying of windings, stators, rotors or machines
    • H02K15/125Heating or drying of machines in operational state, e.g. standstill heating
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/16Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
    • H02K5/167Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings
    • H02K5/1675Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using sliding-contact or spherical cap bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at only one end of the rotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/70Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00Manufacture
    • F05B2230/80Repairing, retrofitting or upgrading methods
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/40Transmission of power
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2280/00Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/10Inorganic materials, e.g. metals
    • F05B2280/1072Copper alloys
    • F05B2280/10721Bronze
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/10Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
    • F16C17/102Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load with grooves in the bearing surface to generate hydrodynamic pressure
    • F16C17/107Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load with grooves in the bearing surface to generate hydrodynamic pressure with at least one surface for radial load and at least one surface for axial load
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2370/00Apparatus relating to physics, e.g. instruments
    • F16C2370/12Hard disk drives or the like
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Abstract

本发明提供一种主轴电机结构,包括安装在底座上的主轴电机,该主轴电机具有使用液体动压支持轴使其能够旋转的液体动压轴承和使用电磁力旋转轴的驱动源。电路板面对底座安装并将驱动功率施加给驱动源。加热器安装在电路板上面对液体动压轴承的位置并加热液体动压轴承。

Description

主轴电机结构及使用该主轴电机结构的硬盘驱动器
                            技术领域
本发明涉及一种由液体动压轴承支持的主轴电机结构及使用该主轴电机结构的硬盘驱动器,更具体地讲,本发明涉及一种通过加热主轴电机而不用对主轴电机本身的结构进行修改就能够在低温环境下平滑地旋转主轴电机的主轴电机结构,及使用该主轴电机结构的硬盘驱动器。
                            背景技术
信息存储介质之一的硬盘驱动器(HDD)将数据记录在通过主轴电机旋转的盘上或使用读/写头从盘再现数据。
图1是传统的硬盘驱动器的分解透视图。图2是表示图1中的硬盘驱动器的一部分的截面视图。参照图1和图2,硬盘驱动器10包括底座11和结合到底座11的覆盖构件12。用于旋转盘20的主轴电机30和用于将读/写头44移动到盘20的期望的位置的制动器40安装在底座11上。
制动器40包括:摆动臂42,可旋转地结合到安装在底座11上的制动器枢轴41;悬架43,安装在摆动臂42的端部并且支持头44,使头44弹性地偏向盘20;音圈电机50,用于旋转摆动臂42。
印刷电路板70结合到底座11的下表面,绝缘板60位于印刷电路板70和底座11的下表面之间。用于操作主轴电机30、读/写头44和制动器40的半导体芯片71和各种电路单元73安装在印刷电路板70上。
主轴电机30包括:定子31,固定到底座11;转子33,相对于定子31可旋转地安装并固定盘20;液体动压轴承35,设置在定子31和转子33之间并支持转子33,使转子能够旋转;磁性驱动部分39,用于将旋转驱动力施加给转子33。
液体动压轴承35包括:径向轴承部分36,在径向支持转子33的旋转轴33a;推力轴承部分37,在轴向支持旋转轴33a;液体38,注入到径向轴承部分36和推力轴承部分37。因此,当盘20由磁性驱动部分39旋转时,随着注入到径向轴承部分36和推力轴承部分37与旋转轴33a之间的液体形成油膜,液体动压轴承35产生动压。因此,通过支持旋转轴33a使其在定子31和转子33互相不接触的状态下旋转,液体动压轴承35能够减小摩擦载荷。然而,使用上述结构的液体动压轴承的主轴电机的性能在低温下可能恶化。
图3是表示摩擦扭矩根据液体动压轴承的温度变化而变化的曲线图。参照图3,在使用液体动压轴承的硬盘驱动器中,当周围温度大约是15°或更高时,推力轴承部分的摩擦扭矩大约是1.5×10-4[Nm]或更小,并且径向轴承部分的摩擦扭矩大约是0.5×10-4[Nm]或更小,这种情况下不产生任何特别的问题。然而,当周围温度下降到5℃以下时,由于液体的粘度增加,所以径向轴承部分和推力轴承部分每一个与旋转轴之间的摩擦扭矩增加。例如,回顾摩擦扭矩根据液体动压轴承的温度变化而变化,在-5℃时,摩擦扭矩大约是3.1×10-4[Nm];在-10℃时,摩擦扭矩剧烈增加到大约4.2×10-4[Nm]。即可以看出,由于5度的差别,摩擦扭矩的变化量ΔTf大约是1.1×10-4[Nm],这是非常大的量。
因此,根据上述结果,使用液体动压轴承的硬盘驱动器存在的问题在于,在温度低于零度时,旋转主轴电机需要的驱动电流增加,具体地,在-5℃以下,在预定时间内不可能实现正常的旋转驱动。
为了解决这些问题,日本特开第5-166291号(于1993年7月2日公开,标题为“Spindle Motor of Magnetic Disk Apparatus”)公开一种通过加热硬盘驱动器降低液体的粘度而增加主轴电机的旋转速度的方法。公开的设备在主轴电机中具有加热器,使得在低温环境下通过使用加热器加热主轴电机而降低润滑剂的粘度。
然而,由于公开的设备具有在主轴电机内部包括加热器的结构,所以主轴电机的结构复杂并且因此成本增加。
此外,在配置使用液体动压轴承的硬盘驱动器中,仅当使用具有上述加热器结构的主轴电机时,其性能才能发挥。当使用图2所示的不包括加热器结构的主轴电机时,由于在低温环境下摩擦扭矩增加,所以主轴电机的驱动问题仍然困难。
                            发明内容
为了解决上述和/或其它问题,本发明提供一种主轴电机结构,该主轴电机结构通过加热具有液体动压轴承结构的主轴电机,而不用对主轴电机本身的结构进行修改就能够在低温环境下平滑地驱动主轴电机,以及使用该主轴电机结构的硬盘驱动器。
根据本发明的一方面,主轴电机结构包括主轴电机、电路板和加热器。主轴电机,安装在底座上,具有使用液体动压支持轴使其能够旋转的液体动压轴承和使用电磁力旋转轴的驱动源;电路板,面对底座安装并将驱动功率施加给驱动源;加热器,安装在电路板上面对液体动压轴承的位置并加热液体动压轴承。
根据本发明的另一方面,硬盘驱动器包括:底座;主轴电机,安装在底座上,并具有使用液体动压支持轴使其能够旋转的液体动压轴承和使用电磁力旋转轴的驱动源;至少一个盘,安装在主轴电机的轴上并存储数据;制动器,安装在底座上以能够枢转并将能够相对盘读写数据的读/写头移动到所述盘的期望的位置;电路板,面对底座安装并电操作读/写头和驱动源;加热器,安装在电路板上面对液体动压轴承的位置并加热液体动压轴承。
                            附图说明
通过参照附图对本发明优选实施例进行的详细描述,本发明的上述和其它特征和优点将会变得清楚,其中:
图1是传统的硬盘驱动器的分解透视图;
图2是表示图1的硬盘驱动器的一部分的截面图;
图3是表示摩擦扭矩根据液体动压轴承的温度变化而变化的曲线图;
图4是根据本发明实施例的硬盘驱动器的分解透视图;
图5是表示图4的硬盘驱动器的一部分的截面图;
图6是根据本发明实施例的PCB上加热器的透视图;和
图7是根据本发明另一实施例的PCB上加热器的透视图。
                           具体实施方式
参照图4和图5,根据本发明实施例的硬盘驱动器包括:底座111;读/写头121,对盘115执行读/写数据;制动器120,安装在底座111上并驱动头121;主轴电机结构130,旋转盘115。
保护安装在底座111上的组元的覆盖构件113使用螺钉114结合到底座111。因此,能够保护设置在底座111和覆盖构件113之间的空间内的例如盘115、读/写头121和制动器120的组元。
盘115具有至少一个盘的结构,该盘115安装在主轴电机结构130和轴143a上并旋转。制动器120包括:摆动臂125,可旋转地结合到安装在底座111上的制动器枢轴123;悬架127,安装在摆动臂125的端部并且支持读/写头121使其弹性地偏向盘115;音圈电机129,用于旋转摆动臂125。
主轴电机结构130包括主轴电机140、电路板160和加热器170。主轴电机140包括:定子141,固定到底座111;转子143,相对于定子141可旋转地安装并固定盘115;液体动压轴承150,设置在定子141和转子143之间并支持转子143以能够旋转;驱动源145通过电磁力使轴143a相对于转子143旋转。
液体动压轴承150包括:轴承座151,具有里面可注入流体157的内部空间;径向轴承部分153,设置在轴承座151内部并在径向支持轴143a;推力轴承部分155,设置在轴承座151内部并在轴向支持轴143a;帽构件159,结合到轴承座151的端部并支持推力轴承部分155的下部。因此,当盘115由驱动源145旋转时,随着注入到径向轴承部分153和推力轴承部分155与旋转轴143a之间的液体形成油膜,液体动压轴承150产生动压。因此,通过支持旋转轴143a使其能够在定子141和转子143互相不接触的状态下旋转,液体动压轴承150能够减小摩擦载荷。
当主轴电机140不被驱动时,由于自身的重量液体157主要位于轴承座151的下部,即,推力轴承部分155的周围。
电路板160面对底座111安装并将驱动功率施加给驱动源145。此外,电路板160电操作读/写头121和制动器120。为了这个目的,多个半导体芯片161和电路单元安装在电路板160上。
加热器170安装在电路板160上面对液体动压轴承150的位置。加热器170在低温环境下加热注入到轴承座151中的液体157以降低液体157的粘度,使得在初始驱动期间推力轴承部分155的摩擦扭矩减小。
为此,加热器170包括:加热部分171,当施加电流时被加热;绝缘体173;连接端子175,电连接到电路板160并将电流施加给加热部分171。绝缘体173构成加热器170的主体并设置在加热部分171和电路板160之间以防止从加热部分171产生的热传导到电路板160。通过涂覆或镀基于镍铬的加热主体,加热部分171加工在绝缘体173上。加热部分171接触帽构件159的下部以直接加热帽构件159。热润滑脂179被涂覆在帽构件159和加热部分171之间的接触部分上,以增加热传导率。
根据连接端子175的类型加热器170可具有图6和图7所示的形状。图6表示一对引线175a从绝缘体173的下部突出作为连接端子。在这种情况下,如图5所示,引线175a结合到设置在电路板160上的结合孔(未示出)并通过例如焊接连接到电路板160上的导电路径,这样完成了加热器170的安装。图7表示从绝缘体173的侧部伸出的一对引线175b作为连接端子。在这种情况下,当引线175b相对于电路板160上的焊盘(未示出)表面安装时,能够安装加热器170。
当主轴电机结构130周围的温度低并因此液体157的粘度增加而使盘115不能正常旋转时,加热器170加热液体157以降低其粘度。因此,能够防止在低温环境下在初始驱动期间由于摩擦扭矩引起的不良驱动。当探测到盘115的旋转速度低于正常速度时,加热器170加热液体157直到盘115的旋转速度变得正常。因此,主轴电机结构130能够在低温环境下被正常驱动而不用温度探测传感器测量周围温度。
而且,绝缘构件180还设置在主轴电机140和电路板160之间除加热器170以外的位置上。绝缘构件180使电路板160与布置在电路板160上方的底座111电绝缘。
包括加热器的根据本发明上述构造的主轴电机结构能够通过加热构成液体动压轴承的液体以在低温环境下降低液体的粘度而防止主轴电机不良的初始驱动。
而且,通过提供将加热器安装在电路板上的结构以加热液体,主轴电机能够在低温环境下平滑地驱动而不用修改具有液体动压轴承结构的主轴电机本身的结构。因此,当通过使用普通主轴电机而构造的硬盘驱动器时,其结构本身简化并且也能够降低生产成本。
虽然已经参照本发明的优选实施例具体地表示和描述了本发明,但本领域的技术人员应该理解,在不脱离由权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以对这里描述的实施例进行形式和细节上的各种变化。

Claims (12)

1、一种主轴电机结构,包括:
主轴电机,安装在底座上,并具有使用液体动压支持轴使所述轴能够旋转的液体动压轴承,并且具有使用电磁力旋转所述轴的驱动源;
电路板,面对所述底座安装并将驱动功率施加给所述驱动源;和
加热器,安装在所述电路板上面对所述液体动压轴承的位置用来加热所述液体动压轴承。
2、如权利要求1所述的主轴电机结构,其中,所述液体动压轴承包括:
轴承座,具有内部空间,在该内部空间中能注入液体;
径向轴承部分,设置在所述轴承座内并在径向支持所述轴;
推力轴承部分,设置在所述轴承座内并结合到所述轴的一端以在轴向支持所述轴;和
帽构件,结合到所述轴承座的端部并支持所述推力轴承部分的下部。
3、如权利要求2所述的主轴电机结构,其中,所述加热器包括:
加热部分,接收电流并产生热;
绝缘体,设置在所述加热部分和所述电路板之间,并隔绝从所述加热部分产生的热向所述电路板的传导;和
连接端子,电连接到所述电路板。
4、如权利要求3所述的主轴电机结构,其中,所述加热部分接触所述帽构件的下部并直接加热所述帽构件。
5、如权利要求4所述的主轴电机结构,其中,热润滑脂涂覆在所述帽构件和所述加热部分之间的接触部分上以增加热传导率。
6、如权利要求1所述的主轴电机结构,还包括绝缘构件,该绝缘构件设置在所述主轴电机和所述电路板之间除所述加热器的位置之外的位置,并使所述底座与所述电路板电绝缘。
7、一种硬盘驱动器,包括:
底座;
主轴电机,安装在所述底座上,并具有使用液体动压支持轴使其能够旋转的液体动压轴承,并且具有使用电磁力旋转所述轴的驱动源;
至少一个盘,安装在所述主轴电机的轴上并存储数据;
制动器,安装在所述底座上,能够枢转并将能够相对盘读写数据的读/写头移动到所述盘的期望的位置;
电路板,面对所述底座安装并电操作所述读/写头和所述驱动源;和
加热器,安装在所述电路板上面对所述液体动压轴承的位置用来加热所述液体动压轴承。
8、如权利要求7所述的硬盘驱动器,其中,所述液体动压轴承包括:
轴承座,具有内部空间,在该内部空间中能注入液体;
径向轴承部分,设置在所述轴承座内并在径向支持所述轴;
推力轴承部分,设置在所述轴承座内并结合到所述轴的一端以在轴向支持所述轴;和
帽构件,结合到所述轴承座的端部并支持所述推力轴承部分的下部。
9、如权利要求8所述的硬盘驱动器,其中,所述加热器包括:
加热部分,接收电流并产生热;
绝缘体,设置在所述加热部分和所述电路板之间,并隔绝从所述加热部分产生的热向所述电路板的传导;和
连接端子,电连接到所述电路板。
10、如权利要求9所述的硬盘驱动器,其中,所述加热部分接触所述帽构件的下部并直接加热所述帽构件。
11、如权利要求10所述的硬盘驱动器,其中,热润滑脂涂覆在所述帽构件和所述加热部分之间的接触部分上以增加热传导率。
12、如权利要求7所述的硬盘驱动器,还包括:绝缘构件,设置在所述主轴电机和所述电路板之间除所述加热器的位置之外的位置,并使所述底座与所述电路板电绝缘。
CN2005101034769A 2005-01-21 2005-09-15 主轴电机结构及使用该主轴电机结构的硬盘驱动器 Expired - Fee Related CN1808599B (zh)

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