CN1799207A - 通过电力线进行数据通信的系统和方法 - Google Patents

通过电力线进行数据通信的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN1799207A
CN1799207A CNA200480015431XA CN200480015431A CN1799207A CN 1799207 A CN1799207 A CN 1799207A CN A200480015431X A CNA200480015431X A CN A200480015431XA CN 200480015431 A CN200480015431 A CN 200480015431A CN 1799207 A CN1799207 A CN 1799207A
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transmission channel
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bank
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CN1799207B (zh
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S·霍尔瓦特
A·雅曼
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ACN ADVANCED COMM NETWORKS SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/02—Channels characterised by the type of signal
    • H04L5/06—Channels characterised by the type of signal the signals being represented by different frequencies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5416—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines by adding signals to the wave form of the power source

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Abstract

提供一种用于在包括低压变电站到房屋连接单元和/或室内配电区域的电力线上进行宽带数据通信的系统和方法。本新方法允许在不同的子信道中进行若干并行的异步数据通信，且每个子信道具有各自的传输功率。子信道分离采用具有较高阻带衰减的带通滤波器。每个子信道中的高数据率利用离散小波多音调制来实现。每个子信道中的粗同步和时域均衡器的系数优化利用训练序列来执行。

Description

通过电力线进行数据通信的系统和方法
发明领域
本发明涉及用于在包括低压变电站和房屋连接单元之间的区域和/或室内配电线的电力线配电网上进行宽带数据通信的系统和方法。
背景技术和相关评估
用于在电力配电线，如低压变电站和房屋连接单元之间和/或室内的配电线上进行数据通信的现有技术系统通常采用至少一个主站和必须向主站注册的从属调制解调器。该相同的网络体系结构还用于在室内配电线上进行宽带数据通信。
此类系统基于时分多址(TDMA)和/或采用正交频分复用(OFDM)技术。虽然OFDM技术允许比时分多址技术更高的数据率，但它们存在一个主要的缺点，因为它们具有差的阻带衰减性能。
主从方法的缺点在于，主站的发射功率电平必须高得足以允许达到最远的从属调制解调器，并且通信带宽必须在若干从属调制解调器之间共享。
用于在配电线上进行数据通信的现有技术系统的主要缺点如下：
·为达到最远的从属调制解调器所需的发射功率电平较高，从而引起相应的电磁辐射；
·控制从属调制解调器发送许可权所需的随机接入方案较复杂；
·主站代表单个故障点；以及
·如果同时采用多个电力线主从系统，则需要在不同主站之间实现时间同步，以避免同时进行的电力线通信之间的干扰。
这些缺点是广泛部署电力线通信的主要障碍。
发明概述
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于在电力线上进行数据通信，允许达到高数据通信速率的系统和方法。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种在电力线上进行数据通信，允许若干个电力线调制解调器至电力线调制解调器数据传输同时通过配电网以异步方式进行的系统和方法。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种在电力线上进行数据通信，允许所述电力线调制解调器采用不同发射功率电平的系统和方法。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种在电力线上进行数据通信，不需要在并行进行的不同电力线通信之间的任何同步的系统和方法。
这些目的通过具有相应独立权利要求的特征的系统和方法来实现，其不同实施例由从属权利要求给出。
这些目的具体通过一种用于从多个发送器到多个通过具有确定的数据传输信道带宽的单个电力网连接的接收器的数据通信方法以及一种数据通信系统来实现；所述方法包括如下步骤：通过在所述发送器与所述接收器之间建立的多个对等传输信道来同时以异步方式传送数据；以及所述数据通信系统包括用于多个通过具有确定的数据传输信道带宽的电力网发送和/或接收数据的通信设备；所述多个通信设备各自包括设计成通过它们之间建立的多个对等传输信道以异步方式传送数据的收发器系统。
根据本发明数据通信方法的优选实施例，所述电力线信道带宽被划分成相同带宽或不同带宽的n个子信道，n是大于2的整数。根据本发明的优选实施例，例如利用具有高阻带衰减的数字滤波器来分离所述n个子信道。
本发明的电力线调制解调器最好包括用于例如在从所述n个子信道中预先选择的子集中检测通信活动，以便识别一个用于传输要通过所述物理信道发送的数据的空闲子信道的装置。所述数据利用例如离散余弦调制滤波器组或离散小波调制来调制。所述接收器执行码元同步且对所述子信道脉冲响应进行时域均衡，以及对所述发送器所用数据用逆函数处理，以便利用例如离散余弦调制滤波器组或离散小波滤波器组来恢复所述数据。
因此本发明允许多个电力线调制解调器至电力线调制解调器数据通信并行进行，且可以针对各子信道通信分别确定所述发射功率，从而最佳地降低所述子信道之间的干扰。根据本发明，并行数据通信之间无需实现同步，因为它们在分离的子信道上进行。不再有任何单个故障点，因为无需主站和/或无需复杂的接入机制。
附图简介
结合附图考虑以下对本发明实施例的详细说明，可以更好地理解本发明，附图中：
图1是根据本发明优选实施例的收发器系统的概念框图；
图2说明根据本发明优选实施例，将电力线信道带宽划分成若干子信道；
图3a显示根据本发明优选实施例，利用电力线信道带宽的不同子信道并行进行的三个并发的异步数据传输；
图3b示意性地显示通过配电网并行进行的图3a所示的三个数据传输；
图4是图1所示发送器的框图；
图5是图1所示接收器的框图；
图6a显示根据本发明实施例的1MHz带宽的离散余弦调制滤波器组的频率响应；
图6b显示在根据本发明另一个实施例的接收器中采用的4MHz的模拟带通滤波器的频率响应；以及
图7显示根据本发明的一个优选实施例，在图6a的0.70到0.125的归一化频率范围内使用的24个子载波。
发明的详细说明
图1是根据本发明优选实施例的在电力线调制解调器中实现的收发器系统10的框图。所述收发器系统最好包括基于例如离散余弦调制滤波器组或小波分组调制滤波器组的发送器11以及亦基于例如离散余弦调制滤波器组或小波分组调制滤波器组的接收器13。数据通信活动检测器12连接到接收器13。发送器11和接收器13连接到混和电路14，收发器系统10通过该混和电路14连接到配电网16。
根据本发明的优选实施例，在本发明的电力线调制解调器中实现的收发器系统包括发送器11和接收器13，因此它能够既发送数据又接收数据，这可能同时且在不同子信道上进行。但是，本领域技术人员会认识到，在本发明的框架内，有可能构建诸如调制解调器的仅能够发送数据或接收数据的通信设备。于是，此类设备中实现的收发器系统相应地包括发送器11而不包括接收器13或包括接收器13而不包括发送器11。
图2显示根据本发明的实施例，如何将电力线通信网的带宽划分成n个不同带宽的子信道。这些子信道的带宽例如为4MHz、2MHz、1MHz或0.5MHz。
根据本发明的优选实施例，要进行传输的电力调制解调器的接收器13通过活动检测器12逐个选择不同的预选子信道，并通过测量该子信道上的信号能量来监视该子信道上是否存在数据通信活动。活动检测器12以此方式识别可用于传输的空闲子信道，并将此信息传送给发送器11。如果一个以上的子信道可用，则收发器系统最好基于一个或多个预定义的准则，例如子信道的带宽、频率范围、衰减特性、噪声等来选择最佳的子信道。
随后将选择的空闲电力线子信道用于通过配电网传送数据，例如将子信道302用于电力线调制解调器B与电力线调制解调器S之间的数据传输，如图3a所示。由此在这两个调制解调器之间建立了对等数据传输信道。图3a和图3b还显示三个通信如何通过三个并行的对等传输信道同时进行，各通信采用电力线信道带宽的不同子信道。这些并行通信彼此完全独立，因此可以异步方式执行。每个电力线调制解调器A、B、C、R、S和T的收发器系统最好根据图1来实现。
因此本发明的数据通信方法允许生成基于配电网的网状数据通信网，其中每个通信设备可以与该网络的任何其它设备建立对等通信。每个对等通信的传输功率最好经过调整，以适应这两个设备之间的传输线特性。但是，为了避免网络环境的干扰，传输功率必须保持在某些范围内。由于本发明网络具有网状体系结构，因此可将一个或多个通信设备用作例如彼此相距很远的两个通信设备之间的转发器或中继设备。本发明网络的一个或多个通信设备还可以用作至其它网络如因特网的中继设备或网关。
如更详细地显示发送器框图的图4所示，要发送的数据15首先在交织器401中进行交织，然后在转换器402中从串行转换成并行，然后利用星座编码器403进行编码。
星座编码器403的并行输出送到离散余弦调制滤波器组或小波分组调制滤波器组404。滤波器组404的带宽例如为1MHz，余弦调制滤波器组或小波分组调制滤波器组最好具有例如24或64个载波，各具有较高的阻带衰减。
通过包括频率发生器407的调制器405将滤波器组404的串行输出在频率上以数字方式向上频移到所选空闲子信道的频率。调制器405的输出提供给数模转换器406，以便通过选择的配电网子信道传输。
如图5所示。接收信号最好采用带通滤波器501进行带通滤波，然后采用低噪声放大器502进行放大，并利用调制器503向上频移到选择的中频(IF)。该信号随后再次用自动增益控制505放大，经带通滤波器506进行带通滤波，然后才馈送给模数转换器507，以进行数字化，并可能进行过采样。
根据本发明的优选实施例，利用接收器13已知的训练码元，在同步单元508采用匹配滤波技术实现与正在进行发送的调制解调器的发送器的粗同步。最好由发送器为每个新建立的对等数据传输至少发送一次这些训练码元。所发送的训练码元的开始位置由同步单元508检测，同步单元508随后启动同步过程。这些训练码元还用于确定时域递归均衡器509的系数。细同步以及对发送器采样时钟和接收器采样时钟之间的频偏的补偿基于导频码元来执行。
为了恢复所发送的数据，时域均衡器509的输出馈送到滤波器组510，该滤波器组510由例如离散余弦调制滤波器组或小波分组调制滤波器组构成。滤波器组510的并行输出馈送到星座解码器511。星座解码器511的并行输出接着馈送到并串转换器512，并串转换器512的输出接着馈送到解交织器513。解交织器513的输出是所发数据的估计17。
图6a显示1MHz带宽的离散余弦调制滤波器组510的频率响应的一个实例。横轴显示归一化频率[×2πrad/s]，而纵轴显示以dB为单位的振幅。可以看出，调制数据信号的能量局限在非常窄的频率范围内，在该范围外对其进行强烈衰减。由于该独特特性，使用不同频率范围的此类信号可以在一条传输线路上传输，而彼此之间不会产生显著的串扰。因此不同的数据传输可以在相邻子信道上并行地异步启动，而无相互干扰的风险。
在接收器一侧，为了重新得到所发送的信息，采用与图6b所示类似的频率响应的带通滤波器来对接收信号进行滤波。在图6b中，横轴显示以MHz为单位的频率，而纵轴显示以dB为单位的振幅。通过使滤波器的频率响应以期望的子信道为中心，就可仅接收到该子信道上发送的信号。
根据本发明的优选实施例，收发器系统10包括发送器11，发送器11利用离散余弦调制滤波器组或小波分组调制滤波器组404对待发送的数据进行调制。因此收发器系统10是一个多载波收发器系统，并且所传输的数据调制在所选子信道中的可用频率带宽内的多个(例如24个)子载波(图7)上。在图7中，横轴显示归一化频率，而纵轴显示以dB为单位的振幅。最好这样配置收发器系统10，使得可以根据特定子信道频带中预定的或测量的传输特性来选择对每个子载波不同的发射功率电平和编码数据比特数量或数据率。传输特性可能取决于例如信噪比、可用带宽、衰减等。因此收发器系统10最好包括用于确定和/或存储特定于这些子载波的特性的未显示的装置和/或存储区。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于从多个发送方(11)到多个通过具有确定数据传输信道带宽的单个电力网连接的接收器(11)的数据通信的方法；所述方法包括如下步骤：通过在所述多个发送方(11)与所述多个接收方(11)之间建立的多个对等传输信道来同时以异步方式传送数据。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：所述信道带宽被划分成多个子信道，每个所述并行对等传输信道采用所述子信道中不同的一个。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：利用具有高阻带衰减的带通滤波器将所述信道带宽划分成多个子信道。
4.权利要求2或3之一所述的方法，其特征在于：包括由所述发送器执行如下步骤：
检测多个所述子信道上的数据传输活动；以及
选择无任何数据传输活动的子信道以便传输数据。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：所述数据传输信道带宽包括在1.6MHz至40MHz的频带内。
6.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：包括利用离散余弦调制滤波器组(404)来调制所述数据的步骤。
7.权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：包括利用小波分组滤波器组来调制所述数据的步骤。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：包括使每个所述接收器与对应的发送器同步的步骤。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于：所述同步步骤利用所述接收器已知且由所述对应发送器发送的训练序列来执行。
10.权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：每个所述对等传输信道上的数据传输以不同的传输功率执行。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于：所述传输功率适应沿所述对应的对等传输信道的信号衰减。
12.权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：包括利用公钥-私钥加密方法来对所述数据加密的步骤。
13.一种用于数据通信的系统，包括用于通过具有确定的数据传输信道带宽的电力网发送和/或接收数据的多个通信设备；所述多个通信设备各自包括设计成通过在所述多个通信设备之间建立的多个对等传输信道来以异步方式传送数据的收发器系统(10)。
14.如权利要求13所述的系统，其特征在于：所述收发器系统(10)包括发送器(11)和/或接收器(12)。
15.权利要求13或14之一所述的系统，其特征在于：每个所述对等传输信道采用所述数据传输信道的不同子信道来建立。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统，其特征在于：所述发送器(11)和/或接收器(12)包括滤波器组(404，510)，用于对要利用多个子载波通过所述子信道发送和/或接收的数据进行调制和/或解调。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统，其特征在于：所述收发器系统(10)配置为针对所述多个子载波中的每个子载波，根据相应子载波频率范围中的传输特性，以不同的数据率和/或发射功率电平进行传输。
18.如权利要求16或17之一所述的系统，其特征在于：所述滤波器组(404，510)是离散余弦调制滤波器组。
19.如权利要求16或17之一所述的系统，其特征在于：所述滤波器组(404，510)是小波分组滤波器组。
20.如权利要求15至19中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于：所述收发器系统(10)包括活动检测器(12)，用于检测多个所述子信道上的数据传输活动。
21.如权利要求13至20中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于：所述接收器(11)包括同步化设备(507)，用于使所述接收器(11)与对应的发送器(12)同步。
22.如权利要求21所述的系统，其特征在于：借助所述接收器已知且由所述对应发送器发送的训练序列来使所述接收器同步。
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