CN1796339A

CN1796339A - Dedicated fertilizer for soybean and application

Info

Publication number: CN1796339A
Application number: CN 200410100465
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宇万太; 殷秀岩; 张璐; 马强; 赵少年
Original assignee: Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Applied Ecology of CAS
Priority date: 2004-12-24
Filing date: 2004-12-24
Publication date: 2006-07-05
Anticipated expiration: 2024-12-24
Also published as: CN100381404C

Abstract

This invention involves a fertilizer for soybeans, particularly a special fertilizer for soybeans growing in the soils of lower Liaohe Plain and its applications. The said fertilizer is a mixture of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, with the ratio of N:P:K in the range of 1:0.71-0.97:0.91-1.23. The amount of the special fertilizer applied to soybeans is: 27.5-38.5kg hm-2 of N, 25.1-34.1 kg hm-2 of P, 32.2-42.6 kg hm-2 of K, 5.1-6.9 kg hm-2 of Zn, and 1.27-1.73 kg hm-2 of Mo. This invention ensures an adequate nutrition supply to the growth of soybeans, and can obtain high-yield, high-quality soybeans.

Description

A kind of dedicated fertilizer for soybean and application thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to soybean and use fertilizer, a kind of specifically dedicated fertilizer for soybean and application thereof that is applied in down on the Base of Liaohe Plain soil.

Background technology

Soybean is the leguminous crop of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the overwhelming majority of needed N element is the supply that the fixed nitrogen mechanism that relies on rihizobium japonicum symbiotic with it satisfies its nitrogen in breeding time, soybean is very responsive to the plain reaction of phosphorus, can improve its yield and quality significantly after executing phosphorus, after N, P supply is met, the K element just becomes the critical limitation factor of restriction phase output, and these conclusions are confirmed by our long term experiment result and soybean production practice and other correlation test.

Because soybean has self nitrogen fixation, so on the traditional sense, soybean is nitrogen fertilizer application not.In down Base of Liaohe Plain and even the Northeast, because soil potassium storehouse is abundant, for many years seldom apply potash fertilizer, but along with the prolongation of farming history, soil potassium storehouse exhausts that gradually the effect of application of potash fertilizer is more and more obvious.Therefore, in the present situation of descending the Base of Liaohe Plain soybean fertilization be, do not execute nitrogen potash fertilizer, only execute part phosphate fertilizer, consequently the yield and quality of soybean all is affected.The fertilizer regime of reform traditional is more and more said attention by people.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of dedicated fertilizer for soybean and application thereof that improves soybean yields and quality.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:

A kind of dedicated fertilizer for soybean, fertilizer is mixed by nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, the N in the fertilizer: P: K=1: 0.71～0.97: 0.91～1.23.

The DCD that preferably also contains nitrogen fertilizer amount 1.0～1.5% in the special-purpose fertilizer; Preferably also contain zinc fertilizer and molydbenum fertilizer, N: Zn: Mo=1: 0.15～0.21: 0.037～0.050; Optimum N in the fertilizer: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O: Zn: Mo=1: 2: 1.3: 0.18: 0.044; Described fertilizer can be: nitrogenous fertilizer: urea, sulphur ammonium; Phosphate fertilizer: cross stone, threeflod calcium superphosphate, two ammoniums; Potash fertilizer: vitriolate of tartar, Repone K; Zinc fertilizer: zinc sulfate; Molydbenum fertilizer: ammonium dimolybdate.

Described special-purpose fertilizer is used on the soybean crops, and its amount of application is for making the N cellulose content at 27.5～38.5kghm ^-2, the P cellulose content is at 25.1～34.1kg hm ^-2, the K cellulose content is at 32.2～42.6kg hm ^-2, the Zn cellulose content is at 5.1～6.9kg hm ^-2, the Mo cellulose content is at 1.27～1.73kg hm ^-2Best N is 33.5kg hm ^-2, P is 29.6kg hm ^-2, K is 37.4kg hm ^-2, Zn is 7kg hm ^-2, Mo is 1.5kghm ^-2, the consumption of DCD (dicyandiamide) is 1.0% of a nitrogen fertilizer amount.Need to prove that above consumption, also need be converted accordingly all in element in concrete the application.

The fertilising system of current arable farming, the discordant of using from single-element in the past blindly apply fertilizer, the backward state of experience fertilising, develop into and pay attention to applying fertilizers scientifically the stage of NPK scientific matching, trace element is compound, nutrient discharges controlled architecture.Abundant assurance soybean growth process of the present invention, the nutritional condition that provides can obtain the soybean of output height, quality better; Its characteristics are as follows:

1) the present invention is according to physilogical characteristics, the nutrition absorption model of soybean, change the not fertilizer application mode of nitrogen fertilizer application of traditional soybean, apply a certain amount of nitrogen in soybeans they grow early stage (as: spring is when sowing), suitably supply with soybean part N element, can satisfy demand in soybeans they grow early stage nitrogen nutrition.

2) the present invention selects nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide) rightly when applying nitrogenous fertilizer, and the control nitrification suppresses its nitrifying process, makes soybean can obtain the plain supply of competent N early stage in fertility, satisfies the nutrient demand of self.After urea (the nitrogenous fertilizer overwhelming majority of China's application at present is a urea) is manured into soil, under the effect of urine enzyme, at first be hydrolyzed into NH ₄ ⁺, be transformed into NO through nitrification then ₃ ^-, a large amount of NO of accumulation in the soil in the short period of time ₃ ^-, be easy to by leaching loss and migration, behind the adding nitrification inhibitor DCD (dicyandiamide), the nitrification of soil is slowed down, the NO in the soil ₃ ^-Be difficult to a large amount of accumulation, but supply with soybeans they grow lentamente.

3) the present invention is directed to down the few fact of Base of Liaohe Plain soil potassium application, add a certain amount of potash fertilizer, both can improve output, also can improve quality, can also improve the degeneration-resistant row of soybean simultaneously, prevent lodging and chilling injury.

4) the present invention considers to promote the formation and the healthy development of soybean nodulation, adds a certain amount of trace element in dedicated fertilizer for soybean, is in order to improve its photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, also can to improve crop yield and quality simultaneously, satisfying human needs.

Embodiment

1) selection of macroelement and proportioning:

Test-results shows that soybean is with the distinct characteristic that needs himself of three kinds of nutritive elements of NPK on following Base of Liaohe Plain soil, and it should be more more responsive than gramineous crop, and test-results shows to be selected: N: P: K=1: 0.71～0.97: 0.91～1.23; Optimum N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O=1: 2: 1.3;

Unit surface consumption N:33.5kg hm ^-2, P ₂O ₅: 67.5kg hm ^-2, K ₂O:45kg hm ^-2Be that N is 33.5kg hm ^-2, P is 29.6kg hm ^-2, K is 37.4kg hm ^-2According to the difference of arable soil nutrient background, fertilizer amount can fluctuate in ± 15% scope.

2) Wei Liangyuansu selection

According to the physilogical characteristics of soybean, and the special construction with symbiotic nitrogen fixation, the effect of trace elements zn, Mo can not be ignored.N, P that Zn helps in the soybean leaves move accumulation in seed, make soybean have excellent quality, Mo is very big to the formation of leguminous crop root nodule and the effect of solid N, only obtains competent Mo supply, could form great-hearted nodule, Mo is to NO in the soybean body ^3-Be reduced to and have positive influence; The consumption of Zn is every mu of 340-460 gram, and the consumption of Mo is every mu of 70-130 gram, can satisfy normal need fully, and its effect is for many years sustainable.Should illustrate that Liaoning has many places molybdenum ore and plumbous zinc ore within the border, because of Mineral resources are on the brink of exhaustion, formally closing or waiting for of having closed, and its lean ore slag has affluent resources as the soybean micro-fertilizer raw material, does processing slightly and just can utilize.

3) selection of nitrification inhibitor

For the soybean composite fertilizer special that makes development has controllability, help curve model coupling more with soybean absorption of N element, make the soybean fertility obtain plain supply of N of necessity early stage, for the formation of middle and later periods root nodule with healthily admittedly the N function provide physiology to guarantee, make the urea N fertilizer that applies discharge the plain nutrition of N as far as possible, weaken nitrification simultaneously, make the content of nitrate radical few as far as possible, the root system that had both satisfied soybean absorbs, be unlikely to produce volatilization loss again, select DCD (dicyandiamide) as nitrification inhibitor, consumption is 1～1.5% of a nitrogen fertilizer amount.

4) fertilizer ratio N: P: K=1: 0.71～0.97: 0.91～1.23: 0.15～0.21: 0.037～0.050; Optimum N: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O: Zn: Mo=1: 2: 1.3: 0.18: 0.044, the DCD consumption is 1.0～1.5% of a nitrogen fertilizer amount;

Unit surface consumption N cellulose content is at 27.5～38.5kg hm ^-2, the P cellulose content is at 25.1～34.1kghm ^-2, the K cellulose content is at 32.2～42.6kg hm ^-2, the Zn cellulose content is at 5.1～6.9kg hm ^-2, the Mo cellulose content is at 1.27～1.73kg hm ^-2

Being preferably N is 33.5kg hm ^-2, P is 29.6kg hm ^-2, K is 37.4kg hm ^-2, Zn is 7kg hm ^-2, Mo is 1.5kg hm ^-2, the consumption of DCD (dicyandiamide) is the 1.0-1.5% of nitrogen fertilizer amount; Be N:33.5kg hm ^-2, P ₂O ₅: 67.5kg hm ^-2, K ₂O:45kg hm ^-2, Zn is 6kg hm ^-2, Mo is 1.5kg hm ^-2Need to prove that above consumption, also need be converted accordingly all in element in concrete the application; Simultaneously, according to the difference of arable soil nutrient background, fertilizer amount can fluctuate in ± 15% scope.

5) actual fertilizer is formed for example, referring to table 1:

Table 1 per hectare fertilizer amount (kg/hm ²)

Sequence number	Nitrogenous fertilizer	Phosphate fertilizer	Potash fertilizer	Nitrification inhibitor	Zinc fertilizer	Molydbenum fertilizer
Sequence number	Nitrogenous fertilizer	Phosphate fertilizer	Potash fertilizer	Nitrification inhibitor	Zinc fertilizer	Molydbenum fertilizer	1	Urea 73	Cross stone 424	Vitriolate of tartar 90	DCD 0.8	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6
2	Urea 73	Threeflod calcium superphosphate 148	Vitriolate of tartar 90	DCD 0.8	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6	1	Urea 73	Cross stone 424	Vitriolate of tartar 90	DCD 0.8	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6
2	Urea 73	Threeflod calcium superphosphate 148	Vitriolate of tartar 90	DCD 0.8	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6	3	Urea 15	Two ammoniums 148	Vitriolate of tartar 90	DCD 1.7	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6
4	Sulphur ammonium 168	Cross stone 424	Repone K 71	DCD 1.7	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6	3	Urea 15	Two ammoniums 148	Vitriolate of tartar 90	DCD 1.7	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6
4	Sulphur ammonium 168	Cross stone 424	Repone K 71	DCD 1.7	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6	5	Sulphur ammonium 168	Threeflod calcium superphosphate 148	Repone K 71	DCD 1.7	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6
6	Sulphur ammonium 35	Two ammoniums 148	Repone K 71	DCD 1.8	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6	5	Sulphur ammonium 168	Threeflod calcium superphosphate 148	Repone K 71	DCD 1.7	Zinc sulfate 14.8	Ammonium dimolybdate 2.6

Annotate: Zn and Mo can save cost with the mine tailings of the west of Liaoning, Liaoning noise made in coughing or vomiting left side molybdenum ore and the mine tailings of various places, Liaoning lead zinc ore.

6) application process: when sowing the seed in spring, make base manure and once apply.

7) effect of fertilizer:

Test is handled:

I. nitrogen, potash fertilizer are not executed in contrast, only execute phosphate fertilizer, and fertilizer amount is 30kg/hm ²

II. special-purpose fertile, N, P, K fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer amount are 33.5kg/hm ², the potash fertilizer consumption is 37.4kg/hm ², the phosphate fertilizer consumption is 29.6kg/hm ², other adds DCD, and consumption is 1% of a nitrogen fertilizer amount, zinc sulfate 7.0kg/hm ², ammonium dimolybdate 2.6kg/hm ²

Table 2 effect of fertilizer in 2003,2004 compares (kg/hm ²)

Time and processing		The yield of kernels	Stalk output
Time and processing		The yield of kernels	Stalk output	2003	Contrast	1731.48	1835.43
Special-purpose fertile	2425.81	2480.46			Contrast	1731.48	1835.43
Special-purpose fertile	2425.81	2480.46	2004		Contrast	1815.93	1859.90
Special-purpose fertile	2313.00	2451.78			Contrast	1815.93	1859.90
Special-purpose fertile	2313.00	2451.78		Average volume increase %		33.58	33.47

As can be seen from Table 2, special-purpose fertilizer contrasted seed volume increase 40.10% in 2003, stalk volume increase 35.14%; Special-purpose fertile contrast volume increase 27.37% in 2004, stalk volume increase 31.82%, seed on average increases production 33.58%, and stalk on average increases production 33.47%, and production-increasing function is very remarkable.

Claims

1. dedicated fertilizer for soybean, it is characterized in that: fertilizer is mixed by nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, the N in the fertilizer: P: K=1: 0.71～0.97: 0.91～1.23.

2. according to the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the DCD that wherein also contains nitrogen fertilizer amount 1.0～1.5%.

3. according to the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 1, it is characterized in that: wherein also contain zinc fertilizer and molydbenum fertilizer, N: Zn: Mo=1: 0.15～0.21: 0.037～0.050.

4. according to the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 3, it is characterized in that: the N in the fertilizer: P ₂O ₅: K ₂O: Zn: Mo=1: 2: 1.3: 0.18: 0.044.

5. the application of the described dedicated fertilizer for soybean of claim 1 is characterized in that: described special-purpose fertilizer is used on the soybean crops its amount of application for making the N cellulose content at 27.5～38.5kg hm ^-2, the P cellulose content is at 25.1～34.1kg hm ^-2, the K cellulose content is at 32.2～42.6kg hm ^-2, the Zn cellulose content is at 5.1～6.9kghm ^-2, the Mo cellulose content is at 1.27～1.73kg hm ^-2