CN1792335A - Photoacoustic imaging and chromatographic imaging method based on acoustic lens and apparatus thereof - Google Patents

Photoacoustic imaging and chromatographic imaging method based on acoustic lens and apparatus thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1792335A
CN1792335A CN 200510120664 CN200510120664A CN1792335A CN 1792335 A CN1792335 A CN 1792335A CN 200510120664 CN200510120664 CN 200510120664 CN 200510120664 A CN200510120664 A CN 200510120664A CN 1792335 A CN1792335 A CN 1792335A
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acoustic lens
imaging
optoacoustic
biological tissue
photoacoustic
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CN100446730C (en
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唐志列
陈湛旭
何永恒
张汉超
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South China Normal University
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South China Normal University
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Abstract

An optoacoustic imaging and tomographic imaging method based on acoustic lens includes such steps as using pulse laser beam to irradiate biologic tissue to generate MHz-class ultrasonic (optoacoustic signal), using acoustic lens to image the laser beam excited acoustic pressure of biologic tissue and the acoustic pressures of different layers on the imaging planes, detecting the acoustic pressure distribution on some imaging plane by 2D plane array of optoacoustic sensors to obtain optoacoustic signals, and reconfiguring the tissue image of some layer. Its apparatus is composed of transparent and flexible rubber layer, optical fiber, acoustic lens, 2D plane array of optoacoustic sensors, output circuit, delay-signal conversion circuit, acquisition card and computer.

Description

Photoacoustic imaging and chromatography imaging method and device thereof based on acoustic lens
Technical field
The present invention relates to the photoacoustic tomography technology, specifically be based on the photoacoustic imaging and the chromatography imaging method of acoustic lens.The invention still further relates to the device that described method is used.
Background technology
Photoacoustic tomography is to detect to bury in the scattering medium interior lights to absorb a kind of effective potential medical imaging technology that distributes, and it combines the advantages such as high-penetrability of optical strong contrast and ultra sonic imaging, has become the focus of present research.In photoacoustic imaging research, use short-pulse laser (nanosecond) to be radiated in the biological tissue, biological tissue be because thermal-elastic expansion take place in the faint rising of absorbing light energy amount temperature, produces ultrasonicly, and ultrasonic signal is proportional to the light absorption of biological tissue.So photoacoustic signal has carried the information of organizing optical absorption characteristics, and physiological feature, growth or the metabolism state of the characteristic of the light absorption of biological tissue and tissue, pathological changes characteristic etc. are relevant closely, can be used for judging and screen its inner situation.For example, the luminous absorptance normal structure height of the normal growth situation of biological tissue, early stage cancerous issue.Tissue much smaller than decay and the scattering of tissue to light, uses ultrasonic probe to detect the image that ultrasonic energy reconstructs the distribution of the light absorption in the tissue to Ultrasonic attenuation and scattering.Traditional supersonic sounding or X image technology mainly rely on the difference of the absorption of local acoustical impedance in the biological tissue or X ray to come imaging, but these differences are little in the pathological tissues in early days.And the metabolism of pathological tissues and normal structure on every side differ greatly; For example, blood capillary around the early stage cancerous issue is just much abundant than normal structure, and oxygen content height, this has than big-difference with regard to the optical characteristics that causes it and normal surrounding tissue, utilizes photoacoustic signal just can come imaging according to the metabolic function difference of biological pathological tissues and normal structure.On formation method, the general at present algorithm for reconstructing that uses is rebuild original optoacoustic pattern, but because algorithm itself requires to scan or data are average, consuming time longer, the monitoring tissue that this can not be real-time changes.So real-time acquisition biological tissue tomographic map is the key issue that this technological direction is used.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the defective that exists at prior art, provide a kind of to biological tissue's high-resolution, Noninvasive and operation eaily based on the photoacoustic imaging and the chromatography imaging method of acoustic lens.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photoacoustic imaging and laminated imaging device of realizing said method based on acoustic lens.
Method and apparatus of the present invention can be used for the growth rhythm research of biological tissue, the physiological change research of biological tissue, the studies of lesions of biological tissue etc., for the research of human evolving development history lays the foundation.
The present invention with acoustic lens since the acoustic pressure distribution direct imaging that optoacoustic effect produces on image planes, on image planes, survey then with a two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector, the photoacoustic signal that is obtained is carried out two-dimensional imaging, can obtain the plane picture of biological tissue to be measured in real time.In like manner,, therefore select the different photoacoustic signal of delay time to carry out imaging, can obtain the image of the biological tissue of different aspects apace because the photoacoustic signal that biological tissue produced of different depth is transferred to the asynchronism(-nization) of optoacoustic detector.
Photoacoustic imaging and chromatography imaging method based on acoustic lens of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) be the pulsed laser irradiation biological tissue of 5~20 nanoseconds (ns) with pulsewidth, producing frequency in biological tissue is the ultrasonic of megahertz (MHz), i.e. photoacoustic signal;
(2) with acoustic lens laser induced biological tissue's acoustic pressure or the distribution of different aspects acoustic pressure are imaged on the image planes with imaging capability;
For example the photoacoustic signal of tumor is just strong than the photoacoustic signal around the tissue; The acoustic lens depth of focus is bigger, and the certain thickness object is had vertical imaging capability; Acoustic lens distributes the different aspects acoustic pressure of biological tissue and is imaged on the corresponding image planes;
(3) on a certain image planes, survey acoustic pressure and distribute, gather photoacoustic signal with the two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector;
(4) photoacoustic signal of being gathered is advanced image reconstruction, obtain the tissue image of a certain aspect clearly.
The present invention can also comprise step (5), i.e. repetitive operation step (3), (4), the light absorption image of acquisition biological tissue different aspects.
In the described step (1), the pulse laser optimal wavelength is 450nm~2000nm.
In the described step (3), select the signal of the different image planes of biological tissue by the time-delay of control acquired signal.
The present invention utilizes acoustic lens that biological tissue's photoacoustic tomography device is made of transparent flexible rubber layer, optical fiber, acoustic lens, two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector, detector output signal circuit, time-delay-signaling conversion circuit, capture card, computer.Wherein transparent flexible rubber layer, optical fiber, acoustic lens is relative with the two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector is installed in the column type al-made chamber; Optical fiber connects to form light source by an adapter and laser instrument; Two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector, detector output signal circuit, time-delay-signaling conversion circuit, capture card, computer are electrically connected successively.
Wherein the two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector has the ability and the spatial resolving power of detecting ultrasonic signal, and the detector output signal circuit is characterized in that and can visit first signal by interim storage surface array detector, amplifies, exports ultrasonic signal then successively.
The fixing a certain time-delay of described time-delay---signaling conversion circuit is converted to corresponding DC voltage to the ultrasonic signal amplitude, and this constant time lag can be regulated.
Data processing software is housed in the computer, is used for organism or tissue image and rebuilds and handle.For example use the automated image acquisition process software of the Visual C++6.0 platform development of Microsoft company.
Described acoustic lens is made by aluminium.The position of this acoustic lens is adjustable, adjustable extent meeting geometric optical imagery character, promptly 1 u + 1 v = 1 f .
The two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector is made by piezoelectric ceramics or Kynoar (PVDF).
This operation principle based on biological tissue's photoacoustic tomography device of acoustic lens is: the pulsed laser irradiation that pulse laser sends is on sample, and sample produces photoacoustic signal; The photoacoustic signal that produces is transformed on the image planes by acoustic lens through couplant; Detector is surveyed the signal of image planes on image planes, time-delay---signaling conversion circuit is fixed same time-delay, and changes the DC voltage of this signal for correspondence; This DC voltage is sent into computer recording through capture card A/D conversion; Computer is converted to gray-scale map and is shown as picture automatically.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect:
(1) apparatus of the present invention are to utilize photoacoustic signal to carry out two-dimensional imaging and tomography, and photoacoustic signal carries more information than traditional ultrasound wave, can realize the biological function imaging.Apparatus of the present invention combine the ultrasonic advantage that has the strong contrast of strong penetration capacity and optical imagery in biological tissue, can not produce radiation injury to organism, compare with traditional medical imaging diagnosis method have Noninvasive, advantage such as not damaged and sensitivity height.
(2) apparatus of the present invention are to utilize TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE to realize tomography, can realize the imaging of super-resolution chromatography.
(3) apparatus of the present invention use acoustic lens because the acoustic pressure that optoacoustic effect excites distribution images on the image planes, has the advantage of realtime imaging to certain aspect of biological tissue; And the imaging depth of focus of acoustic lens is bigger, can utilize temporal time-delay to realize tomography.
(4) time-delay in apparatus of the present invention---signaling conversion circuit, different image planes are selected in the time-delay of control signal collection effectively, reliably easily.
(5) the present invention can obtain identical and the close and tomographic map testing sample that optical parametric is different of acoustic impedance; The present invention adopts acoustic lens directly to biological tissue's tomography, need not the complex image algorithm for reconstructing, can realize the realtime imaging to biological tissue.
(6) the present invention can obtain the information of a certain dimension transverse of biological tissue, the imaging mode that obtains a certain axial section information with B ultrasonic etc. is different, this cross direction profiles with the many structures of biological tissue is consistent, for example in vivo vascularity, tumor shape or the like can provide abundanter information for medical diagnosis.
(7) data acquisition of the present invention and image reconstruction be all fully by computer control, so the operation of device is comparatively convenient, and the automaticity height.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of apparatus of the present invention;
Among the figure: 1. column type aluminum exocoel 2. couplants 3. transparent flexible rubber layers 4. optical fiber 5. fiber fixed frames 6. adapters 7. laser instrument 8. acoustic lens 9. two-dimensional array optoacoustic detectors 10. detector output signal circuit 11. time-delay-signaling conversion circuits 12. capture cards 13. computers
Fig. 2 is the acoustic lens tomography principle schematic of the inventive method;
Wherein Fig. 2 a is the tomography schematic diagram of acoustic lens part; Fig. 2 b is optical equivalence figure;
Fig. 3 is the experimental result picture of the acoustic lens simple layer surface imaging of the inventive method;
Wherein Fig. 3 a is four black tape point-like sample drawings that bury in strong scattering solution; Fig. 3 b is the photoacoustic image of sample among Fig. 3 a;
Fig. 4 is the experimental result picture of the acoustic lens tomography of the inventive method;
Wherein Fig. 4 a is the two-layer black tape sample that buries in strong scattering solution, is attached to the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate front and rear surfaces respectively; Fig. 4 b is the photoacoustic image of circle layer correspondence among Fig. 4 a; Fig. 4 c is the photoacoustic image of 3 correspondences among Fig. 4 a;
Fig. 5 is the experimental result picture of acoustic lens of the present invention tomography in biological tissue;
Wherein Fig. 5 a is hidden in lip-deep 3 sample drawings of Carnis Sus domestica tissue; Fig. 5 b is hidden in this Carnis Sus domestica to organize another surperficial circle sample drawing; Fig. 5 c is the photoacoustic image of 3 layer correspondences among Fig. 5 a; Fig. 5 d is the photoacoustic image of circle layer correspondence among Fig. 5 b.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed narration, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As seen from Figure 1, apparatus of the present invention mainly comprise transparent flexible rubber layer 3, optical fiber 4, acoustic lens 8, two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector 9, detector output signal circuit 10, time-delay-signaling conversion circuit 11, capture card 12, computer 13.Wherein transparent flexible rubber layer 3, optical fiber 4, acoustic lens 8 and two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector 9 relative being installed in the column type al-made chamber 1; Optical fiber 4 connects to form light source by an adapter 6 and laser instrument 7; The fiber fixed frame of being made by agar is fixed in the outer intracavity of aluminum column type.Two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector 9, detector output signal circuit 10, time-delay-signaling conversion circuit 11, capture card 12, computer 13 are electrically connected successively.Select for use each member to connect to form this device, wherein: the MOPO (Model:PRO2230) that laser instrument 7 selects for use Spectra-Physics to produce, can send the pulse laser that wavelength is 500nm-2000nm, it is the green laser of 532nm that present embodiment is selected wavelength for use, and its repetition period is 30HZ; Acoustic lens 8 is Design and Machining voluntarily; Two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector 9 selects for use 32*32 to visit first planar array detector; Detector output signal circuit 10 is selected homemade electronic switching circuit for use; Time-delay---signaling conversion circuit 11 is selected homemade peak-holding circuit for use; Capture card 12 is selected the PCL2818HG data collecting card (Model:Advantech) of Adc Inc. for use; Computer 13 is selected Pentium 3 microcomputers for use.
Shown in Fig. 2 a, b, acoustic lens imaging of the inventive method and tomography principle are as follows: the power of photoacoustic signal is proportional to the absorption coefficient of light of sample, and photoacoustic signal has all features (as interfering and diffraction) of fluctuation, according to Fourier's imaging theory, acoustic lens with spatial fourier transform character, can directly carry out two-dimensional imaging to photoacoustic signal, thing with the picture between corresponding one by one, shown in Fig. 2 a, its optical equivalence figure is shown in Fig. 2 b, by measuring the distribution of amplitudes of each point photoacoustic signal on the image planes, just can obtain two-dimentional photoacoustic image.According to the object-image conjugate principle, the needed time of corresponding picture point is identical on the photoacoustic signal arrival image planes that each point sends on the object plane, and the time of the photoacoustic signal that different object plane produced arrival image planes has nothing in common with each other, utilize TIME RESOLVED TECHNIQUE, gather the image planes photoacoustic signal by controlling different delay times, thereby obtain the photoacoustic image of different image faces.Its work process is as follows: the laser that laser instrument 7 sends imports four optical fiber through adapter 6, incide strong scattering solution from the laser of four optical fiber output and form equally distributed light field, the uniform distribution light field sees through transparent flexible rubber layer 3 and illuminates testing sample, and in sample, inspire photoacoustic signal, photoacoustic signal is imaged on the two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector 9 by acoustic lens imaging 8, two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector 9 converts photoacoustic signal to the signal of telecommunication, and by detector output signal circuit 10 amplification and signal processing, carry out signals collecting by capture card 12 then, and be input to computer 13 and store and image reconstruction, obtain the photoacoustic image of an aspect.Select different delay times by time-delay-signaling conversion circuit 11 then, obtain the photoacoustic image of different aspects.
Use strong scattering solutions simulate biological tissue environment, imaging function to the single aspect of acoustic lens is specifically implemented, shown in Fig. 3 a, four black tape point-like samples (being attached on the transparent lucite) bury in strong scattering solution, when transparent flexible rubber layer contact solution, and parallel relative with the aspect at sample place, regulate acoustic lens to the appropriate location, can be quickly and easily in the photoacoustic image of computer reconstructing shown in Fig. 3 b.
Use strong scattering solutions simulate biological tissue environment, acoustic lens tomography function is specifically implemented.Shown in Fig. 4 a, burying has two-layer black tape sample in strong scattering solution, and one deck is the ring shape sample, and another layer is three black tape point-like samples, and they are attached to the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate front and rear surfaces respectively.Be similar to the concrete enforcement of above-mentioned acoustic lens simple layer surface imaging, promptly obtain the photoacoustic imaging figure of the circle layer shown in Fig. 4 b, only need to regulate control time-delay---signaling conversion circuit on this basis, the promptly convenient photoacoustic imaging figure that obtains 3 layers shown in Fig. 4 c fast.
In biological tissue, acoustic lens tomography function is specifically implemented.Shown in Fig. 5 a, b, be stained with the black glue pattern of a ring shape and 3 shapes on two aspects of the Pork-pieces of a thick 5mm of being about respectively.Be similar to the concrete enforcement of above-mentioned acoustic lens tomography, promptly obtain the photoacoustic imaging figure of two aspects shown in Fig. 5 c, d respectively.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of photoacoustic imaging and chromatography imaging method based on acoustic lens is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) be the pulsed laser irradiation biological tissue of 5~20 nanoseconds with pulsewidth, producing frequency in biological tissue is the ultrasonic of megahertz, i.e. photoacoustic signal;
(2) with acoustic lens laser induced biological tissue's acoustic pressure and the distribution of different aspects acoustic pressure are imaged on the image planes;
(3) on a certain image planes, survey acoustic pressure and distribute, gather photoacoustic signal with the two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector;
(4) photoacoustic signal of being gathered is carried out image reconstruction, obtain the tissue image of a certain aspect clearly.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that further comprising the steps of:
(5) repetitive operation step (3), (4), the light absorption image of acquisition biological tissue different aspects.
3, method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that in the described step (1), pulse laser wavelength is 450nm~2000nm.
4, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that in the described step (3), selectes the signal of the different image planes of biological tissue by the time-delay of control acquired signal.
5, realize the device of one of claim 1-5 described method, it is characterized in that constituting by transparent flexible rubber layer, optical fiber, acoustic lens, two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector, detector output signal circuit, time-delay-signaling conversion circuit, capture card, computer; Wherein transparent flexible rubber layer, optical fiber, acoustic lens is relative with the two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector is installed in the column type al-made chamber; Optical fiber connects to form light source by an adapter and laser instrument; Two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector, detector output signal circuit, time-delay---signaling conversion circuit, capture card, computer are electrically connected successively.
6, according to the described device of claim 5, it is characterized in that described acoustic lens made by aluminium, the position of acoustic lens is adjustable, adjustable extent meeting geometric optical imagery character, promptly 1 u + 1 v = 1 f .
7,, it is characterized in that described two-dimensional array optoacoustic detector made by piezoelectric ceramics or Kynoar (PVDF) according to claim 5 or 6 described devices.
CNB2005101206642A 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 Photoacoustic imaging and chromatographic imaging method based on acoustic lens and apparatus thereof Expired - Fee Related CN100446730C (en)

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