CN101813672A - Rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system based on ultrasonic plane array detector and method thereof - Google Patents
Rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system based on ultrasonic plane array detector and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system based on an ultrasonic plane array detector which has the advantages of simple operation, low manufacturing cost and convenient detection and an imaging method thereof. The rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on the ultrasonic plane array detector mainly comprises the following steps: adopting a laser pulse to excite ultrasonic signals which can produce a light induced thermal elastic effect, collecting photoacoustic signals in parallel simultaneously with a plane array detector and multiple array elements, processing the signals in a three-dimensional phase-controlled algorithm, and reconstructing an optical absorption and distribution image for a sample to be detected. The three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging device comprises a photoacoustic excitation source device, a photoacoustic signal receiving and collecting device and a computer component. The invention overcomes the defects of the traditional technology such as low imaging speed, poor stability due to long-term system operation, complex device and the like, simultaneously combines the advantages of pure acoustics and pure optical imaging, and can provide images reflecting optical absorption and distribution of tissues. The device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure and easy promotion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of harmless fast imaging technology, particularly a kind of rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system and method based on ultrasonic plane array detector.
Background technology
Photoacoustic imaging is as a kind of harmless structure of matter detection technique of novelty, obtained very big development in recent ten years, photoacoustic imaging is based on the principle of photic acoustic effect, when shining certain material with pulse laser or periodic intensity light modulated, the part that has the luminous energy absorption characteristic in this material produces periodic momentary variations in temperature, thereby make herein light absorbing medium and the variation of ambient substance periodic stress or pressure because of heat expansion produces, being changed by this acting force at last and the generation ultrasonic signal, is exactly photoacoustic signal.Optoacoustic effect is actually a kind of conversion process of luminous energy-acoustic energy.Photoacoustic signal is different from general ultrasonic signal, and is this by light regulation and control and the acoustical signal that produces carries the optical absorption characteristics of material composition, and the color of optical absorption characteristics and object, mechanical characteristic, structural form etc. are relevant.Photoacoustic imaging is a kind of just based on above principle, as excitaton source, is information carrier to be received ultrasonic with pulse laser, by recombinate out the image technology of organization internal absorption characteristic structure of respective image reconstruction algorithm.Photoacoustic imaging has overcome the shortcoming of some traditional formation method, such as: (OCT) compares with optical coherent chromatographic imaging, because the organism optical strong scattering causes fathoming of OCT to be limited in the shallow-layer of millimeter magnitude, and the photoacoustic imaging technology can reach a centimetre magnitude; Compare with pure ultrasonic imaging, in the little zone of acoustic impedance difference, the contrast of ultrasonoscopy is very low, and photoacoustic technique utilizes the absorption difference of different tissues that the reconstructed image of high-contrast can be provided.Simultaneously, the photoacoustic imaging technology combines the advantage of above two kinds of imaging techniques, that is: the low decay, the high-penetrability that have of the not damaged, high selectivity exciting characteristic and the ultrasonic imaging that have of OCT.Detect low decay with ultrasonic detector, the ultrasound wave of low scattering again in conjunction with the difference of different material optical absorption parameter, just can make photoacoustic technique provide high-resolution on the imaging depth of centimetre magnitude, the high-contrast structures image.Photoacoustic imaging has been used for fields such as micro-imaging, functional imaging and molecular imaging at present, applies to the Image-forming instrument in each field simultaneously and installed also synchronization gain very fast development.
It is two big classes of supersonic sounding device that present opto-acoustic imaging devices mainly is divided into unit transducer and linear array multielement transducer.For with nautical receiving set as the optoacoustic device of sensor mainly by pulsed laser, nautical receiving set, signal amplifier, signals collecting and treatment facility, image reconstruction software constitutes; And with the linear array detector be the optoacoustic device of sensor mainly by pulsed laser, linear array transducer, multi-channel parallel or scan collecting system, image reconstruction software constitutes.More than two kinds of devices may be used to the photoacoustic imaging of two and three dimensions, but obtaining the complete image of a frame often will take long to and carry out input, this is owing to need mobile detector to collect the ultrasonic signal at diverse location place in the process of signals collecting, comes reconstructed image through suitable algorithm again.Mobile detector generally is a mode of taking 360 ° of rotation sweeps of tomography or planar point to sweep, but which kind of mode all exists data acquisition time long, shortcomings such as experimental provision and imaging algorithm complexity.And for a long time in mechanical scanning and the data acquisition, mechanical vibration, electronic equipment stability, operating point drift etc. inevitably factor all can bring stochastic error to imaging results, thereby influence the reliability and the authenticity of quality of reconstructed images and imaging results.Recently the two-dimensional detector that occurs has the ability of the horizontal tomography of different depth, but but will realize in fact also being difficult to the picture that is chosen to the different acquisition depth signal accomplish fast and real time imagery by means of the hardware signal delay circuit.
Deficiency for above mentioned traditional photoacoustic imaging, proposed by the invention a kind ofly can realize three-dimensional image reconstruction fast based on planar detector and three-dimensional phased formation method, the planar detector of hardware just can directly be finished 3-D view in conjunction with the three-dimensional phased algorithm of software and show.This acousto-optic imaging method fast and device are for the instrumentation of realizing photoacoustic technique, and clinicalization has huge impetus.
Summary of the invention
For the shortcoming and deficiency that remedy existing photoacoustic imaging technology, primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector; Utilize this method, any photoacoustic source that is positioned at planar detector signals collecting spatial dimension can both be come out by reconstruct fast in real time.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of system that realizes above-mentioned rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector comprises following operation steps:
(1) ultrasonic plane array detector is fixed on the surface of testee, is full of ultrasonic coupling liquid between ultrasonic plane array detector and testee;
(2) carry out beam-shaping by the laser pulse that laser instrument sent by Space Optical System or fiber optic system after, make its forward direction uniform irradiation testee in detector, excite testee to produce photoacoustic signal;
(3) each submatrix unit of ultrasonic plane array detector collects photoacoustic signal simultaneously, be converted into electric signal after, be stored in the computing machine by multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit transmission;
(4) photoacoustic signal of gathering is handled, utilized three-dimensional phased reconstruction algorithm quick reconfiguration to go out the structural images of testee or the distribution situation of the interior different light absorption compositions of testee.
The described ultrasonic plane array detector of step (1) links to each other with the 3-D scanning platform by fixed support, the locus of adjusting detector by the LABVIEW software control procedure drive stepper motor of computing machine (utilizes this platform can adjust the distance of detector and sample, simultaneously detector is moved freely easily, thereby the absorber in the arbitrary region can be rebuilt be come out.); Described ultrasonic plane array detector is the array ultrasonic detector of many array element plane distribution, its array element be arranged as circle, rectangle or foursquare planar fashion (the test surface shape can customize according to the characteristic of testee).
The described laser instrument of step (2) is a pulsed laser, and described laser pulse wavelength coverage is 400～2500nm (can select the laser of any wavelength to carry out the exciting light acoustical signal according to the attribute of testee); The described ultrasonic coupling liquid of step (1) is a water.
The described collection of step (3) is to adopt many array elements parallel receive photoacoustic signal simultaneously, and the data processing that photoacoustic signal is converted into behind the electric signal is to utilize the multi-channel parallel circuit to realize transmission and storage simultaneously.
Step (4) is described to be handled the data of gathering, and is three-dimensional reconstruction image or the horizontal stroke/vertical tomographic map that draws detected part by the three-dimensional phased reconstruction algorithm of MATLAB program utilization; The phased reconstruction algorithm of described three-dimensional is by the signal value of computed range ultrasonic plane array detector different distance and the collection weight of each array element (phase place time-delay), according to the collection weight of each signal value corresponding light absorption is partly utilized the projection value coherence stack reconstructed image of different weights again.
The described laser pulse of step (2) is by beam-shaping, inlays with the test surface battle array of ultrasonic plane array detector to constitute incorporate probe, reach the uniform irradiation pattern that is complementary with the test surface battle array after, the uniform irradiation testee.
A kind of system that realizes above-mentioned rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector, this system produce device, photoacoustic signal collecting device and Flame Image Process by photoacoustic source and rebuild assembly and be electrically connected successively and form.
Described photoacoustic source produces device and comprises laser instrument, optical system and integrated probe; Described photoacoustic signal collecting device is electrically connected successively by ultrasonic plane array detector, 3-D scanning platform, the real-time Acquisition Circuit of multi-channel parallel and computing machine and forms.
Described laser instrument is tunable pulsed laser device or modulation continuous wave laser; Described optical system is spatial beam Adjustment System or restricted fiber optic system; Described ultrasonic plane array detector links to each other with the 3-D scanning platform by fixed support, adopts LABVIEW data acquisition control program to realize the collection of photoacoustic signal, and handles the motion of stepper motor drive three-dimensional platform.
Described Flame Image Process and rebuild the MATLAB program that assembly is the three-dimensional phased reconstruction algorithm that is composed of in the computing machine.
In the step (3), planar array detector is made of the square array element of 64 piezoelectricity, and the form with 8 * 8 is evenly distributed on 1cm
2The rectangular area in, the size of array element and the spacing between the array element all are 0.984mm, each signal receiving angle of surveying array element is 14 °; The dominant frequency of detector is 7.5MHz, and bandwidth is 60%; Parallel acquisition equipment is the real-time Acquisition Circuit of 64 passages with the LABVIEW software control, each array element on the detector is corresponding one by one with the passage of Acquisition Circuit by cable, every road signal is finished the conversion of simulating signal to digital signal by Acquisition Circuit, and the preposition processing and amplifying of signal.
Action principle of the present invention is: the photo-acoustic excitation source produces pulse laser (wavelength, repetition frequency can be selected according to actual conditions), carry out beam-shaping by Space Optical System or restricted fiber optic system, make its uniform irradiation to testee, its absorbed inside material is owing to optoacoustic effect produces photoacoustic signal, and propagates into the planar detector that is positioned at the sample top through ultrasonic coupling agent; The signal that receives directly is transferred in the computing machine after the pre-service of multi-channel parallel acquisition system; Utilize three-dimensional phased image algorithm to reconstruct the photoacoustic image that detects the position at last.The present invention is applicable to the fast detecting of big regional complex region, can realize the three-dimensional light acoustic image of non-scanning, overcomes the labile factor that long signals collecting is brought to detection.
Imaging system of the present invention and formation method compared with prior art have following advantage:
(1) the most important innovative point of the present invention is the non-scan light acoustic imaging system of having set up based on planar array detector.Being electrically connected of sensor array element that planar fashion distributes and multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit makes the just reception of energy implementation space multiple spot photoacoustic signal of a pulse laser, realized signals collecting fast.
(2) the present invention has proposed to utilize the quick acousto-optic imaging method of three-dimensional phased algorithm on the basis of system and device.Utilize this algorithm can reconstruct baroque material organization internal light absorption space distribution situation fast, also make this covering device in each signals collecting and image reconstruction, have quick tomoscan function simultaneously.Compare with traditional imaging technique, have high resolving power, high-contrast, the advantage of high investigation depth; Compare with traditional photoacoustic technique, it is slow also to have overcome image taking speed, deal with data redundancy, the shortcoming of algorithm complexity.
(3) the present invention is applicable to that the quick nondestructive of conventional object composition or structure detects, and need not to destroy detected object.
(4) apparatus of the present invention are cheap, and are easy and simple to handle, are beneficial to widely-used.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the theory diagram of the rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system of ultrasonic plane array detector, and wherein 1-1 is a laser instrument, and 2-1 is the deielectric-coating high reflective mirror, 2-2 is that the laser beam splitter mirror is (when light during along 45 ° of incidents, transmitted light is identical with catoptrical intensity), 2-3 is a laboratory sample, 2-4 is a beam expanding lens, 2-5 is ultrasonic coupling liquid, 3-1 is a planar detector, and 4-1 is the parallel acquisition circuit, and 5-1 is PC (personal computer), 6-1 is a stepper motor, and 6-2 is the two-dimensional scan platform.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of described planar detector.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of three-dimensional phased reconstruction algorithm.
Fig. 4 utilizes the apparatus and method of embodiment 1 to carry out lateral cross section photoacoustic imaging lab diagram among the embodiment 2, wherein (a) is the two-dimensional transversal reconstructed image corresponding to below photo in kind among the figure; (b) be the three-dimensional reconstruction image of phase absorber.
Fig. 5 is that embodiment 2 utilizes the apparatus and method of embodiment 1 to carry out longitudinal cross-section photoacoustic imaging lab diagram, and wherein (a) is the vertical reconstructed image of two dimension corresponding to below photo in kind among the figure; (b) be the three-dimensional reconstruction image of absorber.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with concrete example and accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed narration, but implementation method of the present invention is flexible, is not limited only to this routine described concrete operations mode.
Embodiment 1 device of the present invention and image algorithm
Fig. 1 is the theory structure synoptic diagram of a whole set of imaging device of the present invention, and this device is respectively photoacoustic signal generating device, photoacoustic signal collection and transmission equipment, control probe translation device, computer module by four most of compositions; Four parts are electrically connected successively.Wherein the laser instrument 1-1 of photoacoustic signal generating device be the Nd:YAG pumping the OPO laser instrument (Vibrant 532 I, Opotek, Carlsbad, Calif.), output optical maser wavelength is 690～960nm, pulsewidth is 10ns, repetition frequency is 10Hz.OPO sends pulse laser beam, is divided into a branch of reflected light by beam splitter 2-2, a branch of transmitted light through catoptron 2-1 with 45 ° incident angle twice; The light beam that two beam energies equate is all to be in the plane for the excitation area that increases optoacoustic and the route that laser experienced through just all producing photoacoustic signal with 45 ° incident angle irradiation sample 2-3 behind symmetry and the vertical catoptron 2-1 that places, add a beam expanding lens 2-4 respectively before two-beam incident respectively.The planar array detector 3-1 that is positioned at sample top is made of the square array element of 64 piezoelectricity, and the form with 8 * 8 is evenly distributed on 1cm
2The rectangular area in, the size of array element and the spacing between the array element all are 0.984mm, each signal receiving angle of surveying array element is 14 °.The dominant frequency of detector is 7.5MHz, and bandwidth is 60%.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of planar array detector, the overall outside dimension shape that outer black line frame is a detector, and interior black line frame table shows the zone that 64 piezoelectricity array elements distribute; The array element of rectangle is regularly arranged by 8 * 8 mode, and the array element of red some institute's mark is to be used for the not received signal of ground connection.Planar array detector is collected the signal by water 2-5 coupling, directly is transferred among the computing machine 5-1 by the usb data line via the pre-service of 64 channel parallel acquisition system 4-1, utilizes MATLAB to come reconstruction of three-dimensional images in conjunction with the phased algorithm of three-dimensional at last.Parallel acquisition equipment is the real-time Acquisition Circuit of 64 passages with the LABVIEW software control, each array element on the detector is corresponding one by one with the passage of Acquisition Circuit by cable, every road signal is finished the conversion of simulating signal to digital signal by Acquisition Circuit, and the preposition processing and amplifying of signal.If the light absorption structure that is thought of as diverse location only need change light path, drive two-dimensional scan platform 6-2 by self-editing LABVIEW Control Software control step motor 6-1 then and make detector move to the photoacoustic source top.The device change is simple, easy to operate.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of image reconstruction algorithm of the present invention.At first 64 piezoelectricity array elements receive the spatial light acoustical signal that is in their range of receiving simultaneously, therefore each array element all can be gathered the signal on the different radii scanning cambered surface, just can tell the different signal distributions situations that detect on the degree of depth by the time value and the velocity of propagation of measuring light acoustical signal in medium that write down each array element reception photoacoustic pulse, then these signal values are projected to original location in space according to the projection radius of correspondence, so final those parts with absorbing structure are just come out in the image saliency by the coherence stack of photoacoustic signal value.
The apparatus and method of embodiment 2 Application Examples 1 realize the lateral cross section photoacoustic imaging of analog sample.
At first use 13% gelatin, 12.5% milk, 74.5% water mixes makes a square model, choose two length then and be about 6mm, the hairline of size 100um is embedded in the dark model of 5mm, two hairlines are placed with respect to planar detector 3-1 horizontal parallel, and at a distance of general 4mm, simultaneously detector 3-1 stationkeeping being positioned at sample 2-3 top and adjustment detector 3-1 well is 4mm to the distance on hairline plane.The frequency of operation of OPO laser instrument 1-1 is 15Hz in the experiment, and pulsewidth 10ns, wavelength are 532nm.Pulse laser beam by the device on light path after cover uniformly on two hairlines, excite the photoacoustic signal of generation to be received by planar detector 3-1, after the pre-filtering and prevention greatly through the parallel acquisition 4-1 of system, be transferred to computing machine 5-1 via the usb data line, finally on MATLAB software, realize image reorganization with three-dimensional phased algorithm.Fig. 4 (a) and the horizontal reconstruction chromatography section and the three-dimensional reconstruction image that (b) have provided respectively corresponding to bottom right sample photo.No matter two width of cloth images all can well coincide with the sample photo on position and size.The inventive method and device can access the horizontal tomographic map of optoacoustic of better resolution and contrast as can be seen.
The apparatus and method of embodiment 3 Application Examples 1 realize the longitudinal cross-section photoacoustic imaging of analog sample.
Similar to Example 2, with two and embodiment 2 sizes, measure-alike hairline is placed in the model of same constituent equally, in two hairline a certain planes that are placed on perpendicular to detector 3-1 parallel to each other, is 4mm equally apart.The distance of 3-1 to two hair of detector is respectively 28mm and 32mm.The laser instrument 1-1 of experiment is operated in the 15Hz frequency, and pulsewidth is 10ns, wavelength 532nm.Through the sample 2-3 of the bundle laser uniform irradiation of two after the beam splitting on different depth, the photoacoustic signal of generation receives by detector 3-1, after the 4-1 of the parallel acquisition system pre-service, is transferred to computing machine 5-1 and finishes image reconstruction.Fig. 5 (a) and the vertical reconstruction chromatography section and the three-dimensional reconstruction image that (b) have provided respectively corresponding to bottom right sample photo.Can draw to draw a conclusion from result of experiment: the present invention and device can reconstruct the optoacoustic tomographic map of sample on the different depth, can access the information at different tomographies place, have fast vertically chromatography imaging capability.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector is characterized in that comprising following operation steps:
(1) ultrasonic plane array detector is fixed on the surface of testee, is full of ultrasonic coupling liquid between ultrasonic plane array detector and testee;
(2) carry out beam-shaping by the laser pulse that laser instrument sent by Space Optical System or fiber optic system after, make its forward direction uniform irradiation testee in detector, excite testee to produce photoacoustic signal;
(3) each submatrix unit of ultrasonic plane array detector collects photoacoustic signal simultaneously, be converted into electric signal after, be stored in the computing machine by multi-channel parallel Acquisition Circuit transmission;
(4) photoacoustic signal of gathering is handled, utilized three-dimensional phased reconstruction algorithm quick reconfiguration to go out the structural images of testee or the distribution situation of the interior different light absorption compositions of testee.
2. the rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described ultrasonic plane array detector of step (1) links to each other with the 3-D scanning platform by fixed support, drives the locus of stepper motor adjustment detector by the LABVIEW software control procedure of computing machine; Described ultrasonic plane array detector is the array ultrasonic detector of many array element plane distribution, its array element be arranged as circle, rectangle or foursquare planar fashion.
3. the rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the described laser instrument of step (2) is a pulsed laser, and described laser pulse wavelength coverage is 400～2500nm; The described ultrasonic coupling liquid of step (1) is a water.
4. the rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described collection of step (3) is to adopt many array elements parallel receive photoacoustic signal simultaneously, and the data processing that photoacoustic signal is converted into behind the electric signal is to utilize the multi-channel parallel circuit to realize transmission and storage simultaneously.
5. the rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (4) is described to be handled the photoacoustic signal of gathering, and is three-dimensional reconstruction image or the horizontal stroke/vertical tomographic map that draws detected part by the three-dimensional phased reconstruction algorithm of MATLAB program utilization; The phased reconstruction algorithm of described three-dimensional is by the signal value of computed range ultrasonic plane array detector different distance and the collection weight of each array element, according to the collection weight of each signal value corresponding light absorption is partly utilized the projection value coherence stack reconstructed image of different weights again.
6. the rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described laser pulse of step (2) passes through beam-shaping, inlay the formation integrated probe with the test surface battle array of ultrasonic plane array detector, after reaching the uniform irradiation pattern that is complementary with the test surface battle array, the uniform irradiation testee.
7. system that realizes the described rapid three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method based on ultrasonic plane array detector of claim 1 is characterized in that: this system produces device, photoacoustic signal collecting device and Flame Image Process by photoacoustic source and rebuilds assembly and is electrically connected successively and forms.
8. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described photoacoustic source produces device and comprises laser instrument, optical system and integrated probe; Described photoacoustic signal collecting device is electrically connected successively by ultrasonic plane array detector, 3-D scanning platform, the real-time Acquisition Circuit of multi-channel parallel and computing machine and forms.
9. system according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described laser instrument is tunable pulsed laser device or modulation continuous wave laser; Described optical system is spatial beam Adjustment System or restricted fiber optic system; Described ultrasonic plane array detector links to each other with the 3-D scanning platform by fixed support, adopts LABVIEW data acquisition control program to realize the collection of photoacoustic signal, and handles the motion of stepper motor drive three-dimensional platform.
10. system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described Flame Image Process and rebuild the MATLAB program that assembly is the three-dimensional phased reconstruction algorithm that is composed of in the computing machine.
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