CN1433739A - Method and device for biological tissue photoacoustic tomography - Google Patents
Method and device for biological tissue photoacoustic tomography Download PDFInfo
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- CN1433739A CN1433739A CN 03113809 CN03113809A CN1433739A CN 1433739 A CN1433739 A CN 1433739A CN 03113809 CN03113809 CN 03113809 CN 03113809 A CN03113809 A CN 03113809A CN 1433739 A CN1433739 A CN 1433739A
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Abstract
The biological tissue photoacoustic tomography method includes the following steps: (1). making pulse laser come into the biological tissue to produce photoacoustic signal; (2). making a beam of detection focus ultrasonic wave come into the photoacoustic zone, and interacting with photoacoustic signal to form superposition of the above-mentioned two signal; (3). receiving and measuring the superimposed signal; (4) making frequency spectrum separation by using computer, extracting and storing photoacoustic signal; and (5). making filtering and integration treatment of the photoacoustic signal, and utilizing the leaner projection algorithm to implement tissue chromatographic imaging. Said equipment includes laser, ultrasonic wave generator component, acoustic sgnal measuring component, signal amplifier, data collecting card, three-D electric rotating platform and computer.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to the photoacoustic tomography technology, particularly a kind of in biological tissue the method and the device thereof of photoacoustic tomography.
Background technology
In recent years, research and the photoacoustic tomography to optoacoustic effect receives increasing concern.During with certain object of photoirradiation, because it can make its temperature inside change to the absorption of light, thereby the mechanical parameter that causes its regional area changes; When adopting light-pulse generator or modulated light source, the fluctuating of local temperature can cause the flexible of its volume in the object, thereby outside radiative acoustic wave.This phenomenon is called photic sound field effect (abbreviation optoacoustic effect).Optoacoustic effect is actually a kind of conversion process of energy.According to the equation of heat conduction and wave equation as can be known: the generation of photoacoustic signal is not only relevant with light source, and also relevant with the calorifics and the optical characteristics of irradiated object, the propagation of photoacoustic signal is then relevant with the acoustic characteristic of medium.
Photoacoustic signal also can be realized the tomography of biological tissue, because the photoacoustic signal that the absorber of diverse location produces can be rebuild out by certain algorithm.Because photoacoustic signal has carried its inner abundant characteristic information, can be used for judging and screen its inner situation, this method is compared with traditional supersonic sounding or X image method, it can distinguish identical and the testing sample that optical parametric is different of the absorption of acoustic impedance or X ray, this point is to early stage pathological tissues particular importance, because (for example breast carcinoma) acoustic impedance of early stage pathological tissues and the absorption characteristic and the normal surrounding tissue of X ray do not have evident difference, but because the metabolism of pathological tissues is woven with very big difference than normal group on every side, for example, blood capillary around the early stage cancerous issue is just much abundant than normal structure, and oxygen content height, this has than big-difference with regard to the optical characteristics that causes it and normal surrounding tissue, utilize photoacoustic signal just can come imaging according to the metabolic function difference of biological pathological tissues and normal structure, thereby can make diagnosis, improve the accuracy of diagnosis; But because biological tissue is very complicated, to the accurate measurement of photoacoustic signal in the biological tissue be to its feature analyze, the prerequisite of diagnosis and imaging.When generally using detector measurement at present, substantially all be to place sonic transducer, the photoacoustic signal that spreads out of in the measuring samples at the end face of sample; The signal that obtains so generally is the stack of the signal that produces of each sounding point of body sound field at measurement point, therefore rebuild the interior photoacoustic image of measured body again or judge relatively difficulty of its inner definite signal of putting, need multimetering and complicated algorithm deal with data, amount of calculation is very big; And for the application of biological tissue, because it is the strong scattering body of light, incident laser is dispersed very soon, add that biological tissue generally is not isotropic optics and acoustics body, therefore reflection, transmission and the absorption of the sound field of laser generation and sound field are all very complicated, be difficult to obtain the definite photoacoustic signal of each point, so the simplified measurement signal is one of key in application problem.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of prior art, provide a kind of to biological tissue's not damaged, can be to atypic imaging of tissue, imaging precision height, operate biological tissue's photoacoustic tomography method eaily.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photoacoustic tomography device of realizing said method.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: this biological tissue photoacoustic tomography method comprises the steps:
(1) pulse laser incides and produces photoacoustic signal in the biological tissue; We have used the laser of 532nm in our experiment, but can use near infrared laser instead in the application of reality, improve imaging depth;
(2) a branch of detection concentration ultrasonic is incided optoacoustic zone in the 1st step, interact, form the interactional superposed signal of detecting ultrasonic and photoacoustic signal with photoacoustic signal;
(3) receive and measure superposed signal;
(4) computer separates the signal spectrum that collects, and extracts and the storage photoacoustic signal;
(5) computer is photoacoustic signal filtering and Integral Processing, then by linear projection's algorithm to organizing tomography.
In the described step (1), the pulse laser optimal wavelength is 500nm～1064nm.
In the described step (2), the optimized frequency of concentration ultrasonic is 5～10MHz.
In the described step (3), detector of sound and detecting ultrasonic bundle are on same axis; Receive and measure optoacoustic and the interactional superposed signal of detecting ultrasonic.
In the described step (4), carry out signal spectrum by the real-time Fourier transform of computer utilization and separate, extract photoacoustic signal.
In the described step (5), utilize matlab to realize the reconstruction of filtering, integration and the image of photoacoustic signal.
The photoacoustic tomography device of realizing said method comprises laser instrument, ultrasound wave generating assembly, acoustical signal measurement assembly, signal amplifier, fast fourier transform module, data collecting card, computer, three-D electric platform; The acoustical signal measurement assembly is with the ultrasound wave generating assembly and laser instrument is relative installs, and acoustical signal measurement assembly, signal amplifier, fast fourier transform module, data collecting card, computer are electrically connected successively, and the three-D electric platform also is electrically connected with computer.The work process of this device is: the pulse laser beam that laser instrument produces is radiated on the sample, the focused sound beam that ultrasonic generating assembly produces is by the laser irradiation zone, acoustical signal measurement assembly received signal, enter the fast Flourier module through the signal amplifier amplified signal and carry out fast fourier transform, signal after the conversion is gathered by high-speed data acquisition card, importing computer at last stores, computer is finished the rotation of storage back control three-D electric platform, and the acoustical signal measurement assembly enters next collection position acquired signal.
Described ultrasound wave generating assembly is electrically connected successively by functional generator, power amplifier, ultrasonic transducer and constitutes.
Be connected with the focus supersonic lens on the described ultrasonic transducer.
Described acoustical signal measurement assembly is electrically connected and is formed by hydrophone or piezoelectric transducer, preamplifier, hydrophone or piezoelectric transducer are connected by sound with the ultrasonic transducer of ultrasound wave generating assembly, and preamplifier is electrically connected successively with signal amplifier, data collecting card, computer.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect:
1, combines ultrasound wave to the advantages such as not damaged high-sensitivity detection that biological tissue has stronger penetration capacity and photo-acoustic detection, can not produce radiation injury organism.
2, adopt real-time fast Fourier transform technical finesse modulation signal, can significantly improve the signal to noise ratio of photoacoustic signal.
3, separate by detecting ultrasonic signal in the acoustical signal that will receive, can restore the photoacoustic signal of this point, this method can obtain the original position photoacoustic signal of the tissue under the complex background.
4, testing sample that can optical parametric is different to acoustic impedance is identical is realized tomography; This point is to the diagnosis particular importance of early stage canceration, because cancerous issue in early days, volume ratio is less, ultrasonic and X ray all can not be to its accurately image, but adopt the photoacoustic method of the present invention can be to its tomography, the algorithm of the linear projection that we adopt is simple, and operand is little, can realize fast imaging.
5, the decay of isolated detecting ultrasonic signal can strengthen the contrast of image as the reference of revising the decay in the photoacoustic signal transmission course in the signal that receives;
6, because apparatus of the present invention can realize three-dimensional translating scanning and rotation sweep, can either be to atypic imaging of tissue, also can be to the fault imaging of organizing of the such taper of breast, the suitability is better; Again because data acquisition and image reconstruction all fully by computer control, so the operation of device is comparatively convenient, use fairly simple.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the photoacoustic tomography of biological tissue of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of imaging sample.
Fig. 3 is through the signal graph after the filtering Integral Processing.
Fig. 4 is by two-dimentional tomographic map that rotation sweep became to sample shown in Figure 2.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is done further detailed narration, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment
Concrete structure of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, as seen from Figure 1, photoacoustic tomography device of the present invention mainly is made up of laser instrument 1, ultrasound wave generating assembly 2, acoustical signal measurement assembly 3, signal amplifier 4, fast fourier transform module 5, data collecting card 6, computer 7, three-D electric rotating platform 12, ultrasound wave generating assembly 2 and the 3 relative installations of acoustical signal measurement assembly, and by the ultrasonic signal connection, acoustical signal measurement assembly 3, signal amplifier 4, fourier transform module 5, data collecting card 6, computer 7 etc. are electrically connected successively; Wherein ultrasound wave generating assembly 2 is connected and composed successively by functional generator 2-1, power amplifier 2-2, ultrasonic transducer 2-3 and ultrasonic lens 2-4, and ultrasonic lens 2-4 fixes with spiral upper shield and ultrasonic transducer 2-3; Other member is electrically connected successively; Miscellaneous part is: sample 8, light inlet window 9, sample cell 11, three-D electric platform 12; 10 is ultrasonic beam.
Each member type selecting of this photoacoustic tomography device is as follows: the MOPO that laser instrument 1 selects for use Spectra-Physics to produce, can send the pulse laser that wavelength is 500nm-2000nm, and it is the green laser of 532nm that present embodiment is selected wavelength for use.Functional generator 2-1 selects the AFG320 type of U.S. Tektronix company for use; Power amplifier is homemade (gain amplifier 0～20dB, bandwidth 10kHz～12MHz); Ultrasonic transducer 2-3 is a former dish type piezoelectric ceramics; Acoustical signal measurement assembly 3 produces hydrophone (HP1 type) for Britain, and its sensitivity is 950nv/Pa, and frequency band is 200KHz～15MHz, and the diameter of probe is 1mm; Data collecting card 5 is selected the Compuscope 12100 type high-speed data acquisition cards (sampling rate 100MHz) of Gage Applied company for use; Realize filtering and image reconstruction with matlab software; Computer can be selected the P4 microcomputer for use, and is furnished with the GPIB card; Sample cell is the cuboid box made from lucite, and has the quartz glass light inlet window, is full of water in the sample cell, and its inwall scribbles sound-absorbing material; The top plan view of sample 8 as shown in Figure 2, sample be the water with the agar powders of 2 grams and 98 grams be heated to 70 ℃ then cooling condense and form that (A of Fig. 2 represents sample, the agar that the absorber B that buries in the sample, C are proportioning of the same race is added the blue dyeing of safe dish, allow dyeing agar cooling forming earlier, to be embedded in the sample as the dyeing agar of absorber and cooling rapidly when allowing the agar that forms sample be cooled to again, and can make absorber well and the sample combination like this near solid.
Utilize the concrete implementation step of the inventive method of said apparatus realization to be:
(1) functional generator 2-1 generation sine wave signal is used to drive ultrasonic transducer 2-3 after power amplifier 2-2 amplifies, and produces detecting ultrasonic wave beam 10 and also focuses on the sample 8.Used detecting ultrasonic frequency is 5MHz in the present embodiment, is furnished with ultrasonic lens 2-4 at the outfan of ultrasonic transducer 2-3, and focus ultrasonic district diameter is 1.5mm, the burnt long 25mm that is.
(2) wavelength that sends of laser instrument 1 is 532nm, and pulse width is on the laser pulse incident sample of 7ns, produces photoacoustic signal, and this signal and detecting ultrasonic ripple are at photic ultrasonic regional interaction.
(3) hydrophone 3 immerses the rear that places sample 8 in the water, is used for receiving the interactional superposed signal of detecting ultrasonic wave beam 10 and optoacoustic; Hydrophone is on the central axis of detecting ultrasonic wave beam 10.
(4) signal that receives of hydrophone 3 after signal amplifier 4 and fast Flourier module 5, is gathered by data collecting card 6 and to be input to computer 7;
(5) behind the computer 7 storage photoacoustic signals, beginning is gathered next time, and hydrophone 3 is each station acquisition 256 times, computer 7 control three-D electric rotating platform 12 rotary samples 8 then, and hydrophone 3 is to next station acquisition; Hydrophone 3 scannings have two kinds of patterns: translation scan and rotation sweep, translation scan imaging object mainly are more smooth tissues, and rotation sweep mainly is the tissue at the such given shape of breast.At translation scan pattern down-sampling is 20 microns at interval, is 1.8 degree at interval at rotation sweep pattern down-sampling.
(6) after computer 7 has been gathered data, earlier by matlab produce one group with acquired signal have identical sample rate and and the signal of detecting ultrasonic signal same frequency and carry out Fourier transform, the signal of this conversion and the Fourier-transformed signal of collection are made convolution elimination detecting ultrasonic signal and done inverse fourier transform, allow filtered signal filter low frequency signal by high-pass digital filter more then, at last signal is pressed the time domain integration, by this a series of operation, we have obtained the data for projection of each collection position, Fig. 3 is the data for projection of a certain position, the D of Fig. 3 is the signal of the sample surfaces of Fig. 2, E is the signal of the absorber of B among Fig. 2, X-axis is represented the incident degree of depth of light, and Y-axis is illustrated in the intensity of the signal of corresponding position; With the method imaging of the signal behind the integration by linear projection, the signal that concrete enforcement is a certain station acquisition is redistributed data for projection to the each point on the path along the direction of propagation of detecting ultrasonic after above-mentioned processing conversely; So obtain the tomographic map of the sample among Fig. 2, specifically as shown in Figure 4, G is the image of C correspondence of the sample of Fig. 2 among Fig. 4, and H is the image of the absorber B correspondence among Fig. 2, F is the projected image of the data for projection of Fig. 3, and as can be seen from Figure 4 absorber, sample surfaces basically can both be corresponding.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of biological tissue photoacoustic tomography method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) pulse laser incides and produces photic sound field in the biological tissue;
(2) a branch of detection concentration ultrasonic is incided the optoacoustic zone, interact, form the interactional superposed signal of detecting ultrasonic and photoacoustic signal with photic sound field;
(3) receive and measure superposed signal;
(4) computer separates the signal spectrum that collects, and extracts and the storage photoacoustic signal;
(5) computer is photoacoustic signal filtering and Integral Processing, then by linear projection's algorithm to organizing tomography.
2, biological tissue according to claim 1 photoacoustic tomography method, it is characterized in that: in the described step (1), pulse laser wavelength is 500nm～1064nm.
3, biological tissue according to claim 1 photoacoustic tomography method, it is characterized in that: in the described step (2), the focus supersonic wave frequency is 5～10MHz.
4, biological tissue according to claim 1 photoacoustic tomography method is characterized in that: in the described step (4), carry out signal spectrum by the real-time Fourier transform of computer utilization and separate, extract photic acoustical signal.
5, biological tissue according to claim 1 photoacoustic tomography method is characterized in that: in (3) step, on same axis, detector of sound adopts translation scan and rotation sweep dual mode scanning imagery zone all the time for detector of sound and ultrasonic transducer.
6, a kind of device of photoacoustic tomography is characterized in that: comprise laser instrument, ultrasound wave generating assembly, acoustical signal measurement assembly, signal amplifier, fast fourier transform module, data collecting card, computer, three-D electric platform; The acoustical signal measurement assembly is with the ultrasound wave generating assembly and laser instrument is relative installs, and acoustical signal measurement assembly, signal amplifier, fast fourier transform module, data collecting card, computer are electrically connected successively, and three-D electric platform and computer are electrically connected.
7, biological tissue according to claim 6 photoacoustic tomography device, it is characterized in that: described ultrasound wave generating assembly is electrically connected successively by functional generator, power amplifier, ultrasonic transducer and constitutes.
8, biological tissue according to claim 6 photoacoustic tomography method is characterized in that: be connected with the focus supersonic lens on the described ultrasonic transducer.
9, biological tissue according to claim 6 photoacoustic tomography device, it is characterized in that: described acoustical signal measurement assembly is electrically connected and is formed by hydrophone or piezoelectric transducer, signal amplifier, hydrophone or piezoelectric transducer are connected by sound with the ultrasonic transducer of ultrasound wave generating assembly, and signal amplifier, fast Flourier module, data collecting card, computer are electrically connected successively.
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| CN100434042C (en) * | 2004-01-06 | 2008-11-19 | 华南师范大学 | Method of biological tissue optical and ultrasonic collection and tomographic imaging and its device |
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| CN103347439A (en) * | 2010-11-11 | 2013-10-09 | 纽约市哥伦比亚大学托管会 | Dynamic optical tomographic imaging devices, methods and systems |
| CN102824185A (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2012-12-19 | 北京大学 | Photoacoustic tomography system combined with acoustical transmission reflector and imaging method thereof |
| WO2014056134A1 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2014-04-17 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Imaging method combining ultrasound with photoacoustic image, and imaging device |
| CN103829961A (en) * | 2014-03-21 | 2014-06-04 | 南京大学 | Multi-mode photoacoustic imaging method combined with limited angle X ray imaging and ultrasonic imaging |
| CN108603784A (en) * | 2015-11-02 | 2018-09-28 | 普渡研究基金会 | Method and apparatus for the detection of cancer incisxal edge |
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