CN102608036B - Three-dimensional opto-acoustic imaging system based on acoustic lens and sensor array and method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional opto-acoustic imaging system based on acoustic lens and sensor array and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional opto-acoustic imaging system based on an acoustic leans and a sensor array and a method. The system is a cube experimental table and mainly comprises a laser device, a beam expander, the phonon crystal lens, the opto-acoustic sensor array, a data bus, a ground glass container, a data acquisition module and a computer for image processing, center points of four side surfaces of the cube ground glass container are irradiated by laser, so that a sample is uniformly irradiated by the laser via dispersion of ground glass, and is uniformly heated and expanded, acoustic signals generated by expansion of the sample focus to form a beam, the opto-acoustic sensor array, the data acquisition module and the computer for image processing acquire and record opto-acoustic three-dimensional imaging data in real time, and a three-dimensional light absorption distribution image of the detected sample can be directly seen from a display via image processing. The three-dimensional opto-acoustic imaging system has the advantages of complete functions, stable performance, low cost and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of biology, medical science, material analysis and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photoacoustic imaging technology field, specifically three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method and the device thereof based on acoustic lens and sensor array.
Background technology
Photoacoustic imaging technology is the harmless medical imaging method of one that development in recent years is got up, and it combines the high contrast features of pure optical imagery and the high-penetration depth characteristic of pure ultrasonic imaging, and the imaging of tissue of high resolving power and high-contrast can be provided.Photoacoustic imaging technology is the novel imaging technique that adopts " optical excitation--ultrasonic imaging ".Photoacoustic imaging technology is strong, the highly sensitive detection technique of a kind of adaptive, and the non-destructive that is specially adapted to strong scattering, nontransparent sample detects, very extensive in field application such as biology, medical science, material analysiss.
At present, photoacoustic imaging technology can be concluded three kinds of patterns: phase-control focusing method, filtered back projection's imaging method and acoustic lens imaging method based on Radon inverting.Xing etc., according to the principle of phase-control focusing, utilize the transducer linear array of 320 array elements, have realized fast light acoustic imaging.Wang L.V. etc. develops into a kind of high-resolution acousto-optic imaging method Radon inversion algorithm. and these two kinds of formation methods have all been avoided the restriction of acoustic wave diffraction effect, thereby can realize high-resolution imaging, but because needs scan and data average treatment etc. imaging object, required time is longer, also may cause reconstruction artefact.
The now photoacoustic imaging of existing a lot of simulated tissues and the relevant report in the research of body functional imaging, but its experimental provision complexity, data acquisition time is long, and imaging algorithm complexity, calculated amount is large, the time that obtains a complete reconstruction image needs a few minutes to tens of minutes conventionally, cannot meet the requirement of practical clinical.Simultaneously, owing to adopting mechanical scanning and the long data acquisition of a hundreds of angle, the labile factors such as the random parameter drift that mechanical vibration and instrument work long hours are unavoidably brought stochastic error to result of study, thereby have a strong impact on the quality of imaging and the reliability and stability of result of study.
Existing photoacoustic imaging system also exists some shortcomings, general light source adopts pulsed laser, and volume ratio is huger, apparatus expensive, image effect does not also reach the level of other imaging techniques in addition, and the inhalation effects that especially imaging of deep tissues is organized is more serious.And the imaging of existing photoacoustic imaging system great majority adopt that nautical receiving set realizes is two-dimensional imaging, seldom there is the array of use to realize three-dimension high-resolution photoacoustic imaging system.In addition, existing photoacoustic imaging system seldom has the scrambling of considering sample.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency and the shortcoming that existing photoacoustic imaging technology exists, provide one to reduce systematic error, can be in real time, the three-dimensional data of high-speed receiving, accurate recording photoacoustic imaging, and the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging method and system based on acoustic lens and sensor array of the light absorption distribution 3-D view that detects sample can be directly seen in processing on display through image.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
Based on the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system of acoustic lens and sensor array, for square experiment table, comprise laser instrument, beam expanding lens, phonon crystal lens, photoacoustic sensors array, data bus, frosted glass vessel, data acquisition module and the computing machine for image processing; It is characterized in that: described laser instrument and beam expanding lens respectively have four, described frosted glass vessel are placed on square inner bottom surface center position; Four laser instrument portions are in the bottom at four vertical planes of square experiment table, and become spatial vertical state with inner frosted glass vessel; Four beam expanding lenss are close to the outer wall of frosted glass vessel, and locus and laser relative should; Phonon crystal form acoustic lens directly over frosted glass vessel, photoacoustic sensors array be positioned at acoustic lens directly over, in sound lens focal position, and photoacoustic sensors is connected with data acquisition module and computing machine by data bus.The described computing machine for image processing contains image processing, display module and image processing software, the three-dimensional optoacoustic data that receive can be carried out to photoacoustic image noise reduction, strengthen and process, to obtain detecting the light absorption distribution 3-D view of sample, and can on display, show two dimension or 3-D view.
Described acoustic lens is made up of phonon crystal, wherein: phonon crystal is about the evenly coated soft rubber of 0.02cm in shot outside of 0.78cm by diameter, then is embedded in epoxy resin cube and forms.
The method of the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging based on sound lens and sensor array, is characterized in that:
(1) Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation sample expanded by heating transmitting acoustical signal: by four sides of Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation frosted glass container, make the even expanded by heating transmitting of sample acoustical signal, realized the timely interocclusal record of parameter control of laser signal transmitting by sequential control circuit; Record initial time t
0, by the laser instrument center of exposure cage surrounding simultaneously, make sample expanded by heating transmitting acoustic signals;
(2) acoustic lens focuses on: form sound lens by phonon crystal, receive the sound wave of sample transmitting, focus on; Draft the image space of sample in photoacoustic sensors array according to acoustic lens imaging model, the photoacoustic signal of reflection is focused on by phonon crystal;
(3) acoustical signal receive, conditioning: photoacoustic sensors array also receives the photoacoustic signal of transmitting in the focal position of photoacoustic sensors separately, by the three-dimensional data of data acquisition module Real-time Collection, reception and recording light acoustic imaging; Wherein:
In the time that photoacoustic sensors array has acoustic signals, recording the now moment is t
1, be stored in the data-carrier store RAM of computing machine; Photoacoustic sensors array changes faint photoacoustic signal into electric signal simultaneously, and the value of electric signal, is the energy E of reflective sound wave;
According to the negative refraction rule of acoustic lens, can obtain the two-dimensional imaging data f (x, y) in imaging samples region; Utilize travelling time T and can calculating and detect the sample sound source distance L to receiving array of sound wave, this distance L, is the third dimension coordinate data z of the imaging region of sample, wherein: T=t
1-t
0, the velocity of sound in L=T* scattering liquid, (z=L); Utilize coordinate data z in conjunction with two-dimensional imaging data f (x, y) just can obtain the three-dimensional imaging data f (x of the photoacoustic image of the imaging region of sample, y, z), three-dimensional imaging data f (x, the y of the photoacoustic image of the imaging region that the energy E of reflective sound wave is sample, z), be E=f (x, y, z);
(4) photoacoustic image is processed and is shown: the three-dimensional imaging data f (x of described photoacoustic image, y, z), wherein two-dimensional imaging data f (x, y) obtained by acoustic lens imaging model, another dimension coordinate data f (z) by scattering liquid travel time T determine, E is the namely gray-scale value of photoacoustic image of size of sample light acoustic pressure; The three-dimensional imaging data receiving is carried out to enhancing, feature extraction, classification and the identification of photoacoustic image, by the three-dimensional imaging data input computing machine or the single-chip microcomputer that obtain, process and realize the 3-D display and the analysis that detect sample through image.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention has utilized the central point of four sides of Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation square frosted glass container, makes to see through frosted glass scattering uniform irradiation to sample, makes the even expanded by heating of sample, the as far as possible little systematic error that reduces.In addition, utilize the feature of phonon crystal perfect lens, the acoustical signal that sample expansion is produced focuses on and forms wave beam, place acoustical signal in sound lens focal position and accept array, accepting array can be in real time, the three-dimensional data of high-speed receiving, accurate recording photoacoustic imaging, through image, the light absorption distribution 3-D view that detects sample can be directly seen in processing on display, can obtain the light absorption distribution 3-D view of sample.
System provided by the present invention has perfect in shape and function, stable performance, and the advantage such as with low cost, can be in the widespread use in the fields such as biology, medical science, material analysis, and in the imaging of cancerous issue, the correlative study of the detection aspect of tumour is significant.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is photoacoustic imaging system structural representation.
Fig. 2 is phonon crystal pie graph.
Fig. 3 is that sound wave passes through sound lens focusing image.
Fig. 4 is independent photoacoustic sensors pie graph.
Fig. 5 is photoacoustic sensors array pie graph.
Fig. 6 is data acquisition process work.
Fig. 7 is the flow process of image processing.
Fig. 8 is image 3 d effect graph after treatment.
Reference numeral in Fig. 1: the 1st, laser instrument, the 2nd, beam expanding lens, the 3rd, phonon crystal lens, the 4th, sensor array, the 5th, data bus, the 6th, glass container, the 7th, (cell) sample, 8 expand rear laser, and the 9th, the sound wave of radiation, the 10th, the two dimensional image of detection sample, the 11st, induction fiber, 12 bridge diagrams, 13 cumulative chambeies, 14Shi 256 tunnel simulating signals, 15 is 16 bit data collection plates, the 16th, control panel, the 17th, RAM storer 18 is 3-D views of detected (cell) sample.
Embodiment
Carry out detailed description of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, based on the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system of acoustic lens and sensor array, be square experiment table, a kind of three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system based on acoustic lens and sensor array, is square experiment table; Comprise laser instrument 1, beam expanding lens 2, phonon crystal lens 3, photoacoustic sensors array 4, data bus 5, frosted glass vessel 6, data acquisition module and the computing machine for image processing; It is characterized in that: described laser instrument and beam expanding lens respectively have four, described frosted glass vessel are placed on square inner bottom surface center position; Four laser instrument portions are in the bottom at four vertical planes of square experiment table, and become spatial vertical state with inner frosted glass vessel; Four beam expanding lenss are close to the outer wall of frosted glass vessel, and locus and laser relative should; Phonon crystal form acoustic lens directly over frosted glass vessel, photoacoustic sensors array be positioned at acoustic lens directly over, in sound lens focal position, and photoacoustic sensors is connected with data acquisition module and computing machine by data bus.
1, laser excitation is ultrasonic.
First the initial time t while, being excited by single chip machine controlling circuit record
0, being stored in data-carrier store RAM, the laser instrument of four same models irradiates the center of four sides of frosted glass container simultaneously at this moment, (cell) sample 7 thermally equivalents is expanded and launch acoustic signals.
2, sound wave focuses on.
As shown in Figure 2, the acoustic lens that the acoustical signal exciting forms through phonon crystal focuses on, and in sample, the transmitting sound wave of diverse location focuses on respectively different focuses, and the primitive receiving in battle array lays by these focal positions, these focuses have formed focal plane, receive battle array and overlap with focal plane.As shown in Figure 3, the sound wave that sample is launched is receiving through the Refractive focusing of phonon crystal lens the two dimensional image 10 that forms shadow surface in battle array.Detected target is divided into multiple primitives in visual field, and the division of primitive has determined the resolution of focussing plane, and the reception battle array of native system is 256 primitive focussing planes of 16*16, and it is more careful that matrix is divided, and the two dimensional image receiving is just more clear.
3, sound wave receives.
As shown in Figure 4, photoacoustic sensors array is receiver module, sees pressure drag sonic transducer, wherein: photoacoustic sensors array is made up of MEMS for being situated between.It connects into two-way full-bridge circuit by four identical voltage dependent resistor (VDR)s.When having while acting on cumulative chamber along the acoustical signal of Z-direction, cumulative chamber is subject to the excitation of acoustic pressure, produces vibrations, and bottom, cumulative chamber contacts voltage dependent resistor (VDR) by fiber, because this voltage dependent resistor (VDR) connects by Wheatstone bridge mode, in the time of extrinsic motivated, can produce analog current.The acoustic energy that cumulative chamber receives is different, excitation in different size, and voltage dependent resistor (VDR) value is different, and the electric current of generation is different.
In photoacoustic imaging system, a lot of photoacoustic sensors are lined up to a battle array by imaging law and focus distribution, be called reception basic matrix, each photoacoustic sensors is just called array element or primitive.The sound wave process sound lens focusing of a direction on one point (focus) is upper, places one receive primitive at this, can realize the wave beam of this direction is received.On focussing plane, lay a reception battle array (as shown in Figure 5) being made up of multiple primitives, can receive the incident acoustic wave of different directions, different sampling instant correspondences different distances.Photoacoustic sensors array, at the photoacoustic signal that the focal position reception of photoacoustic sensors is launched separately, by single chip machine controlling circuit and counting circuit, calculates the time of photoacoustic signal arrival array, and recording the now moment is t
1, and be stored in data-carrier store RAM, because the composition of sample, three-D profile are inconsistent, so the ultrasound wave ejecting arrives the time t receiving in battle array
1inconsistent, receive battle array time t so utilize
1can obtain sound wave in scattering liquid and travel time T (T=t
1-t
0), simultaneously travel time T [T=t in conjunction with sound wave
1-t
0] can calculate and detect the distance L [in the L=T* scattering liquid velocity of sound] of sample sound source to receiving array, this distance L is the third dimension number of coordinates z (z=L) of the imaging region of sample, obtain the two-dimensional imaging data f (x of image in conjunction with the negative refraction rule of the acoustic lens with above-mentioned, y), can obtain the three-dimensional coordinate (x of photoacoustic image, y, z), simultaneously because photoacoustic sensors changes faint photoacoustic signal into electric signal, the value of electric signal is that the size (amplitude) of sample light acoustic pressure is designated as E, the namely gray-scale value of photoacoustic image.The three-dimensional coordinate data that to sum up can obtain photoacoustic image is E=f (x, y, z), and wherein the coordinate figure of (x, y) is obtained by acoustic lens imaging model, and coordinate figure (z) is determined by the time T of travelling in scattering liquid.
4, data receiver.
As shown in Figure 6, data receiving system is made up of a control panel and 16 data acquisition board of carrying out data acquisition taking 16 passages as unit, sound wave reception basic matrix is received to 256 road simulating signal to be gathered, processes, and three-dimensional optoacoustic data are stored in RAM, so that processing, the image in later stage uses.Data acquisition board receives from receiving Zhen 256 tunnel simulating signals, and the basic structure on every road is identical, can adopt modular mode to design.Each piece collection plate Shang You 16 tunnel analog input, 16 analogy signal processing units, 1 controlled processing unit taking FPGA and DSP as core devices, every like this blocks of data collection plate completes collection, processing and the transmission of 16 road signals, needs altogether 16 collection plates to work simultaneously.Specific works flow process is: central control board is in the time starting transmitter module, to send running parameter to data receiving system and start the order gathering, this part control panel arranges the sampling time of A/D converter according to corresponding running parameter, in the time that sound wave arrives receiver module, control panel can start 16 blocks of data collection plates simultaneously and carry out data acquisition, after data all gather, control panel receive interruption, produce chip selection signal, sheet choosing has the unit of simulating signal to carry out signal condition, through the amplification of analog signal conditioner circuit, filtering, the processing such as envelope detection, be converted to and meet the signal of A/D converter requirement and sample, control panel saves the data in RAM, for post-processed is prepared.
5, image is processed and is shown.
To in the three-dimensional optoacoustic data importing computing machine (single-chip microcomputer or PC) in data acquisition module, carry out image processing and demonstration.As shown in Figure 7, in image is processed, classic map is looked like to carry out noise reduction and strengthen to process, finally use the visualization procedure storehouse VTK that increases income, developed optoacoustic three-dimensional data Visualization Platform, can be detected (cell) sample light and be absorbed distribution 3-D view 18, as shown in Figure 8.
The principle of work of the measuring system of sensor-based signal flare firing altitude is: first, Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation makes the even expanded by heating transmitting of sample acoustical signal, and sample ejects sound wave and focuses in focal position through acoustic lens, place photoacoustic signal in the focal plane of focus composition and accept array, receive the photoacoustic signal that sample emits, photoacoustic signal is accepted array and is mainly made up of the photoacoustic sensors of seeing piezoresistive effect based on being situated between, the weak acoustic signal receiving is converted to electric signal by this sensor, then by signal conditioning circuit, this electric signal is carried out to preposition amplification, filtering, again simulating signal is converted to digital signal, thereby real time record, store time domain specification and the amplitude characteristic of the ultrasonic signal that each sensor receives, utilize the sound wave two-dimensional imaging data that the model in conjunction with acoustic lens imaging obtains simultaneously between last in liquid middle reaches, can obtain three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging data, by this data storage, be transferred to image processing, display module carries out photoacoustic image noise reduction, strengthen, thereby obtain detecting the light absorption distribution 3-D view of sample.
This system imaging principle science, circuit structure are simple, reduce the hardware size of system, very large reduction the cost of system, the acoustic lens that adopts rational laser to distribute, utilize advanced phonon crystal to form, in conjunction with photoacoustic sensors array, three-dimensional optoacoustic data acquisition and the processing of three dimensional sound view data, realized the demonstration and the analysis that detect the three-dimension high-resolution image of sample.
The operation concrete steps that the present invention applies at sick cell imaging of tissue:
(1) sick cell tissue is placed in to the frosted glass vessel of experiment table.
(2) open the laser instrument of four direction, Emission Lasers, expands by beam expanding lens and frosted glass, makes laser uniform irradiation to pathological tissues.
(3) can heat up and expand and outside transmitting sound wave through the sick cell of Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation, these sound waves focus on the photoacoustic sensors array that 256 primitives by 16*16 of being positioned on focal plane form by phonon crystal.
(4) acoustical signal that photoacoustic sensors is sent sick cell is converted into electric signal, and obtains simulating signal by filter and amplification signal condition, and simulating signal is converted to digital signal by data collecting card.Obtain the imaging model of the two dimensional image of sick cell according to negative refraction rule.
(5) time domain specification of the ultrasonic signal each photoacoustic sensors being received and amplitude characteristic, be sent in RAM, and in conjunction with the model of acoustic lens imaging, can obtain three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging data.
(6) again by computing machine (single-chip microcomputer or PC) by this data storage, be transferred to image processing, display module carries out photoacoustic image noise reduction, enhancing, thereby obtain detecting the light absorption distribution 3 d image data of sample.
(7) three-dimensional data processing and imaging technique have:
Scheme one: be to show through display after three-dimensional data is processed by embedded system.
Scheme two: be that after three-dimensional data is processed by peripheral hardware computing machine, imaging shows.
Finally it should be noted that: with above-mentioned example, be only for clearly illustrate that the present invention does for example, and the not restriction to embodiment technically can also make other changes in different forms above-mentioned explanation.Here also cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments.And the apparent variation deriving thus or variation are still among protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system based on acoustic lens and sensor array is square experiment table; Comprise laser instrument (1), beam expanding lens (2), phonon crystal lens (3), photoacoustic sensors array (4), data bus (5), frosted glass vessel (6), data acquisition module and the computing machine for image processing; It is characterized in that: described laser instrument and beam expanding lens respectively have four, described frosted glass vessel are placed on square inner bottom surface center position; Four laser instrument portions are in the bottom at four vertical planes of square experiment table, and become spatial vertical state with inner frosted glass vessel; Four beam expanding lenss are close to the outer wall of frosted glass vessel, and locus and laser relative should; Phonon crystal lens are the acoustic lenses that are made up of phonon crystal, directly over frosted glass vessel, photoacoustic sensors array be positioned at acoustic lens directly over, in acoustic lens focal position, and photoacoustic sensors is connected with data acquisition module and computing machine by data bus; Wherein: the described computing machine for image processing contains image processing, display module and image processing software, the three-dimensional optoacoustic data that receive can be carried out to photoacoustic image noise reduction, strengthen and process, to obtain detecting the light absorption distribution 3-D view of sample, and can on display, show two dimension or 3-D view.
2. the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system based on acoustic lens and sensor array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described acoustic lens is made up of phonon crystal, wherein: phonon crystal is about the evenly coated soft rubber of 0.02cm in shot outside of 0.78cm by diameter, then be embedded in epoxy resin cube and form.
3. a formation method for the three-dimensional photoacoustic imaging system based on acoustic lens and sensor array claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that:
(1) Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation sample expanded by heating utilizing emitted light acoustical signal: by four sides of Ear Mucosa Treated by He Ne Laser Irradiation frosted glass vessel, make the even expanded by heating utilizing emitted light of sample acoustical signal, realized the timely interocclusal record of parameter control of laser signal transmitting by sequential control circuit; Record initial time t
0, irradiated the center of frosted glass vessel surrounding by laser instrument simultaneously, make sample expanded by heating utilizing emitted light acoustical signal;
(2) acoustic lens focuses on: form acoustic lens by phonon crystal, receive the photoacoustic signal of sample transmitting, focus on; Draft the image space of sample in photoacoustic sensors array according to acoustic lens imaging model, the photoacoustic signal of sample transmitting is focused on by phonon crystal;
(3) reception of photoacoustic signal, conditioning: photoacoustic sensors array also receives the photoacoustic signal of sample transmitting in the focal position of photoacoustic sensors separately, by the three-dimensional data of data acquisition module Real-time Collection, reception and recording light acoustic imaging; Wherein:
In the time that photoacoustic sensors array has photoacoustic signal, recording the now moment is t
1, be stored in the data-carrier store RAM of computing machine; Photoacoustic sensors array changes faint photoacoustic signal into electric signal simultaneously, and the value of electric signal, is the acoustic pressure E of sample utilizing emitted light acoustical signal;
According to the negative refraction rule of acoustic lens, can obtain the two-dimensional imaging data f (x, y) in imaging samples region; Utilize travelling time T and can calculating and detect the sample sound source distance L to receiving array of photoacoustic signal, this distance L, is the third dimension coordinate data z of the imaging region of sample, wherein: T=t
1-t
0, the velocity of sound in L=T* scattering liquid, z=L; Utilize coordinate data z in conjunction with two-dimensional imaging data f (x, y) just can obtain the three-dimensional imaging data f (x of the photoacoustic image of the imaging region of sample, y, three-dimensional imaging data f (x, the y of the photoacoustic image of the imaging region that z), the acoustic pressure E of sample utilizing emitted light acoustical signal is sample, z), be E=f (x, y, z);
(4) photoacoustic image is processed and is shown: the three-dimensional imaging data f (x of described photoacoustic image, y, z), wherein two-dimensional imaging data f (x, y) obtained by acoustic lens imaging model, another dimension coordinate data z is determined by the time T of travelling in scattering liquid, the namely gray-scale value of photoacoustic image of size of sample utilizing emitted light acoustical signal acoustic pressure E; The three-dimensional imaging data receiving is carried out to enhancing, feature extraction, classification and the identification of photoacoustic image, by the three-dimensional imaging data input computing machine or the single-chip microcomputer that obtain, process and realize the 3-D display and the analysis that detect sample through image.
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