CN1788213A - 使用时域脉冲信号快速检测物体的设备和方法 - Google Patents
使用时域脉冲信号快速检测物体的设备和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1788213A CN1788213A CNA2004800067044A CN200480006704A CN1788213A CN 1788213 A CN1788213 A CN 1788213A CN A2004800067044 A CNA2004800067044 A CN A2004800067044A CN 200480006704 A CN200480006704 A CN 200480006704A CN 1788213 A CN1788213 A CN 1788213A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- interested
- known object
- target area
- equipment
- vector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/887—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons
- G01S13/888—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for detection of concealed objects, e.g. contraband or weapons through wall detection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/0209—Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/04—Systems determining presence of a target
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
- G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
- G01S13/18—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein range gates are used
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/282—Transmitters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
- G01S7/292—Extracting wanted echo-signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/411—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity
- G01S7/412—Identification of targets based on measurements of radar reflectivity based on a comparison between measured values and known or stored values
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/881—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for robotics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/883—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for missile homing, autodirectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/886—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for alarm systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
- G01S13/913—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control for landing purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/933—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of aircraft or spacecraft
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/91—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for traffic control
- G01S2013/916—Airport surface monitoring [ASDE]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/93—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
- G01S13/931—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
- G01S2013/9325—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles for inter-vehicle distance regulation, e.g. navigating in platoons
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
公开了一种使用超宽带(UWB)RF信号检测在目标区域中感兴趣的物体的方法和系统。发射机和天线阵列产生超宽带RF脉冲信号,这些信号用来探测可能包括感兴趣的物体的目标区域。天线和信号处理器从该目标区域接收返回信号,并处理这些返回信号以产生一组坐标。所处理的返回信号的坐标与一个预先存在数据库中的多个已知物体的坐标相比较,以便确定在该返回信号和一个已知物体之间是否匹配。当有匹配的指示时,就向该系统的操作员显示存在该已知物体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用时域脉冲信号检测物体的设备和方法,更具体地涉及一种使用超宽带(UWB)RF信号来检测视觉上被遮挡的物体的设备和方法。
背景技术
UWB技术已经出现了几十年,在过去它一直用于基于雷达的应用。高速交换技术的发展使得UWB技术对于低成本的用户通信应用来说更有吸引力。许多公司现在正致力于R&D计划,这些计划在研究把UWB技术延伸到高速率通信领域中,并且FCC正在设定发射极限,这将允许在未经授权的基础上就可采用UWB通信系统。
UWB无线电设备是一种RF通信装置,它使用高带宽微波脉冲在宽的频带频谱上采用很低的功率密度来发射数字数据。这些装置可以以很高的速率(对于无线本地局域网应用)以及很低的速率(对于遥测应用)来发射数据。在当前FCC规章允许的功率极限内,UWB无线电设备可以以很低的功率在短距离上携带大量数据。UWB无线电设备具有携带信号穿过门和其他障碍物的能力,而这些障碍物往往会反射在更有限的带宽并且在较高的功率电平上的信号。如果使用较高的功率电平,则UWB信号可以传播显著更大的范围。
UWB无线电设备广播使用定时非常精确的数字脉冲。UWB无线电设备不使用正弦波。发射机和接收机高度同步,并且它们用万亿分之一秒的精度发送和接收脉冲。UWB技术用在很高分辨率的雷达和精确(亚厘米)无线电定位系统中。
由于UWB传输是高速脉冲而不是正弦波,因此UWB传输对多径衰落具有高度抗扰性。同时接收同一正弦波信号的多次反射所产生的相长干扰和相消干扰称为多径衰落。对多径衰落的抗扰性使得UWB技术非常适于在否则将遭受与正弦波传输相关的多径衰落的环境中的应用。
UWB装置使用与许多其它系统相同的日益拥塞的无线电频率。UWB装置典型地发出二十亿分之一秒的短电磁脉冲,并且紧跟这些脉冲之后的是该长度的大约200倍的间歇。通过把这些脉冲扩展在一个宽的频谱区域(大约1GHz)上,UWB装置使用极低的功率和极宽的总带宽。UWB技术的倡导者设想很多应用,例如启动家庭用具的家庭安全以及个人区域网。警察和消防部门目前正在测试可以检测墙后的人的UWB装置。
政府和私人产业在UWB技术方面的兴趣正在增加。感兴趣的两种主要UWB应用是用相对小的功率以非常高的速度来传输大量的语音和数据,以及提供墙后物体的详细图像的穿墙雷达。军事、法律实施以及营救机构对精确定位系统也感兴趣。FCC已经批准生产有限的UWB雷达以供警察和救护人员使用。
上述的穿墙UWB系统可以提供墙后或者可见障碍物后东西的视图或图像,但是这种系统不能快速并且可靠地确定这些物体是否是感兴趣的有潜在危险的物体。此外,如果该系统提供了墙后东西的可见图像,那么有可能该装置的操作员会误解该图像。因此,需要一种UWB检测系统,它能够快速并且可靠地确定可见障碍物后面感兴趣的有潜在危险的物体。
发明内容
本发明提供一种UWB检测系统和方法,它能够快速并且可靠地确定墙后或者可见障碍物后面感兴趣的有潜在危险的物体。超宽带RF脉冲信号用于探测目标区域。接收并处理来自该目标区域的返回信号。返回信号的处理包括把这些返回信号分解为时间片特征数据。指定一个感兴趣的已知物体,该物体的先存简档(preexisting profile)已经存储在一个数据库中。检测到感兴趣的已知物体的可能性基于一个矢量的幅度,该矢量代表时间片特征数据和具有先存简档的感兴趣的已知物体的坐标之间的距离。当该矢量的幅度小于一个预定值时,向该系统的用户显示存在该已知物体。
附图说明
图1是描述本发明的设备的框图;
图2是一个建筑物的图示,该建筑物有一个房间,该房间有墙并且包括至少一个感兴趣的物体;
图3是一个说明用于实现本发明的一些应用的图;
图4是一个说明与本发明的设备和方法相关的定时模拟的图;
图5描述一个三维坐标系统、位于该目标区域中感兴趣的物体的实际坐标、以及来自返回信号的时间片特征数据;以及
图6是一个描述用于确定指示检测可能性的矢量D的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在参考图1,框图描述了本发明的设备。该设备优选地包括发射机11、用于发射UWB脉冲的天线12、用于接收返回信号的天线13、以及用于分析这些返回信号的信号处理装置14、用于处理该信号数据的数据处理装置15和用于显示这些结果的显示器16。来自天线12的脉冲探测感兴趣的物体17,并且这些返回信号被反射到天线13上。
在该系统的原型版本中有一个发射机11,它包括一个2×2的固态宽带天线阵列12。从该天线阵列12发射辐射脉冲,该脉冲的上升时间大约是100-500皮秒,以及它的下降时间大约是5-10纳秒。该天线阵列12以5-7千伏/米的量级在发射机11附近产生一个电场。一个dc(直流)电池向该发射机11供电。用脉冲接收天线13测量反射的返回信号,该天线13的接收碟形天线的直径大约为1米。接收信号被馈送到信号处理装置14中,在该原型系统中的信号处理装置14包括一个Tektronics TEK 7404示波器。数据处理装置16优选地包括一个计算机,该计算机通过使用TCP/IP协议和以太网总线被连接到该示波器。在计算机15中捕捉来自示波器的信号并且处理这些信号数据。数据处理的结果随后显示在计算机的显示器16上。
理想地来说,图1中所示的系统尺寸可以减小为包括两个单元的人可便携的系统。第一单元将是手持天线13,类似于雷达枪,用于探测目标区域以寻找感兴趣的物体17。第二单元将包括图1的其余部件,它们被集成到单个单元中。很可能,对于单基地操作,这两个单元可以组合成由同一天线进行发射和接收的单个单元。
现在参考图2,有一个房间20的图示,该房间有墙18,并且该房间20包括至少一个感兴趣的物体17,该物体17可以利用本发明的设备和方法而被检测。箭头19指示了由本发明的设备来照明或探测房间20的方向。在房间20中,感兴趣的物体放在架子21上。文件柜22、电踢脚板加热器23、书桌24以及空调单元25也位于该房间20内。这些物体包括被放置来容纳感兴趣的物体17的支架,也就是架子21。由于架子21可以以不同角度安置或面向本发明的检测装置,因此架子21的取向可能使它的检测变得更复杂。
本发明不限于检测位于墙18后感兴趣的物体。本发明实际上可以应用于所有类型的遮掩或可见障碍物。现在参考图3,该图说明其中可以实现本发明的各种应用40。图3的图明确了难度逐渐增加的环境。最不难的环境是“穿墙”应用以及拥挤控制应用41。其次较难的环境是FAA/国家安全应用42。最难的环境是穿过树叶的应用43。“穿墙”应用和拥挤控制应用41可以使用地面运载工具44、手持/固定站点45、安装在直升机上的应用46或者自动机器人应用47。FAA/国家安全环境42典型地包括机场行李安检48,并且它包括固定站点应用49,其包括核电站、大型集会场所等。困难的穿过树叶的环境43包括用于智能军需品(munition)的安装在大型飞行器上的源50和无人作战飞机(“UCAV”)51。
现在参考图4,该图说明与本发明的设备和方法相关的定时模拟。在图4中,有两个间隔开来的圆柱形物体61、62,它们正被UWB脉冲信号63照射或探测,该脉冲信号在时间t=0开始。探测信号照射圆柱形物体61以产生散射图样65,并且它继续并照射物体62以产生散射图样66。在图4的底部描述了作为时间的函数所绘制的探测信号63。本发明利用散射图样65、66来检测物体61、62是否是感兴趣的物体。
为了检测物体是否是感兴趣的物体,本发明利用一个特征图(signature)数据库,该数据库存储在图1的数据处理装置15中。以不同的方式产生所关注的物体的特征图。优选地,用UWB脉冲信号在测试范围内探测感兴趣的物体17来产生特征图。然后在数据处理装置14中存储返回信号数据,并且随后使用它以确定所关注的物体17的坐标。不管一个标准化物体的取向如何,它的特征图都将是类似的。作为替换,感兴趣的物体的坐标可以通过从不同方向对物体所拍摄的多个图像或照片来产生。这些图像或照片可以被转换为感兴趣的物体的三维数字简档,并且该三维数字简档可以用来对感兴趣的物体计算模拟返回信号。
但是,如果有人打算有大型目标库并且要求准实时的确定,那么确定感兴趣的物体位于现实的目标区域内的可能性是有时间限制的。但是,本发明的设备和方法可以对该检测问题提供一种节省时间的解决方案。
现在参考图5和6,图示和流程图描述了用于确定感兴趣的物体是否位于该目标区域内的技术。图5的图示描绘了一个三维坐标系统。该坐标空间仅仅是一个“特征”空间的概念表示,它也可以是多于三维的,在下面的段落中将描述该坐标空间。在该“特征”空间中示出了感兴趣的物体的实际坐标91。从时域返回信号的任意部分中,提取出该时间片特征坐标92并且在该图中也描绘出来了。在该技术中,确定时间片特征矢量D。时间片特征矢量代表感兴趣的物体的坐标91和从返回信号中得到的时间片特征数据92之间的距离。较小的矢量D的值指示感兴趣的物体位于该目标区域内的可能性较高。
现在参考图6,流程图描述了用于确定矢量D的方法。在步骤81中,从信号处理装置14中得到主要的返回信号。在步骤82中,数据处理装置15把该返回信号分解为N/维特征空间,并且指定感兴趣的物体的坐标。在步骤83中,每个时间片特征矢量与其先存简档已经存储在数据库中的感兴趣物体的坐标相比较。在步骤84,基于该矢量D的幅度确定检测的可能性。
在关于如何确定这些特征维和特征值上出现了问题,其中这些特征维和特征值在该N维特征空间中定位一个已知目标的体积。研究者已经发现,来自目标的宽带返回信号可以表达为高斯和减幅正弦函数的某种组合。作为在类似的数学函数表示中实现这些函数的一个例子,如T.K.Sarkar,Briefing在“Target ID Using Half FourierTransform(HFT),CEM Lab,Syracuse University,Fall,2000”中所述的,使用半傅里叶空间。分数傅里叶变换通常写为下面的形式:
等式1
其中x(t)=原始时间函数
Xα=分数傅里叶变换
该变换的内核如下:
等式2
注意,对于α=π/2,这可以简化为常见的傅里叶变换,或者
注意,对于半傅里叶变换,
等式3
等式4
现在,如果我们假定我们的宽带返回信号可以通过下述级数来表征:
其中,用下式得到常数an:
并且我们巧妙地选择hn(t),以便:
从而分数傅里叶变换变为:
等式5
Sarkar表明,当使用Hermite多项式Hn(t)时,
这进一步建议,当我们根据这些多项式表达我们的时域函数时,那么
λn=e-inα
等式6
其中,通过通常的递归关系来得到Hermite多项式:
H0=1,
H1(x)=2x,
Hn+1(x)=2xHn(x)-2nHn-1(x)
现在,检查等式5和6,我们了解对于一组已知目标可以如何定义和规定n维“特征”空间的定义。特征空间的维数N变为精确表达高斯或减幅正弦函数所需要的Hermite函数的数量,其中该函数用于模拟该宽带返回信号(在规定的误差内)。然后,常数αn的值与它们相应的误差Δαn为库中的目标特征定义N-维“形状”,该形状的体积从对αn的点的说明中的误差来产生。
当然,有可能用除了上述之外的特定形式来具体实施本发明,而不背离本发明的精神。因此,上述的实施例仅仅是说明性的,无论如何不应认为是限制性的。本发明的范围由下面的权利要求而不是前面的描述来确定,并且处在权利要求范围内的所有变化和等效方式都应包含在内。
Claims (14)
1.一种使用超宽带(UWB)RF信号检测在目标区域中感兴趣的物体的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)用该超宽带RF脉冲信号来探测该目标区域;
b)从该目标区域接收多个返回信号;
c)通过把这些返回信号分解为时间片特征数据来处理这些返回信号;
d)指定感兴趣的一个已知物体的坐标,该已知物体的先存简档已经存储在一个数据库中;
e)基于矢量的幅度来确定检测到一个感兴趣已知物体的可能性,该矢量的幅度代表该时间片特征数据和一个具有先存简档的感兴趣的已知物体的坐标之间的距离;以及
f)当该矢量的幅度小于一个预定值时,显示存在该已知物体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述已知物体的坐标被存储在一个特征图数据库中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中感兴趣的物体位于墙后。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中感兴趣的物体被藏在人身上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中感兴趣的物体被树叶遮掩。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中从运载工具中检测感兴趣的物体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中该确定步骤包括半傅里叶变换的使用。
8.一种使用超宽带(UWB)RF信号检测在目标区域中感兴趣的物体的设备,包括以下步骤:
a)发射机,用于使用该超宽带RF脉冲信号来探测该目标区域;
b)接收机,用于从该目标区域接收多个返回信号;
c)信号处理器,用于通过把这些返回信号分解为时间片特征数据来处理这些返回信号;
d)用于指定感兴趣的一个已知物体的坐标的装置,该已知物体的先存简档已经存储在一个数据库中;
e)基于矢量的幅度来确定检测到一个感兴趣已知物体的可能性的装置,该矢量幅度代表该时间片特征数据和一个具有先存简档的感兴趣的已知物体的坐标之间的距离;以及
f)显示器,用于当该矢量的幅度小于一个预定值时显示存在该已知物体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中该发射机包括一个天线。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,其中该接收机包括一个天线。
11.根据权利要求10所述的设备,其中该接收机和发射机共享单个天线。
12.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中该设备被安装在地面运载工具中。
13.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中该设备被安装在空中运载工具中。
14.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中该设备是一个手持单元。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/385,629 US6806821B2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2003-03-12 | Apparatus and method for rapid detection of objects with time domain impulsive signals |
US10/385,629 | 2003-03-12 | ||
PCT/US2004/007515 WO2005001513A2 (en) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | Apparatus and method for rapid detection of objects with time domain impulsive signals |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1788213A true CN1788213A (zh) | 2006-06-14 |
CN1788213B CN1788213B (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
Family
ID=32961533
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2004800067044A Expired - Fee Related CN1788213B (zh) | 2003-03-12 | 2004-03-12 | 使用时域脉冲信号快速检测物体的设备和方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6806821B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1601990B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5186682B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101017463B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1788213B (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2518865C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004018278D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005001513A2 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106199738A (zh) * | 2015-02-15 | 2016-12-07 | 鲍星合 | 物体存在检测装置及方法 |
CN108535714A (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-14 | 加驰(厦门)智能科技有限公司 | 一种毫米波雷达检测开放空间遮挡物体的方法及装置 |
CN112384823A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-02-19 | 艾克索纳科技公司 | 使用超宽带(uwb)雷达检测目标模式的系统和方法 |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001094975A1 (en) * | 2000-06-06 | 2001-12-13 | Altratek Inc. | System and method for detection and tracking of targets |
US7676194B2 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2010-03-09 | Rappaport Theodore S | Broadband repeater with security for ultrawideband technologies |
EP1819304B1 (en) | 2004-12-09 | 2023-01-25 | Twelve, Inc. | Aortic valve repair |
US7478021B2 (en) * | 2005-03-07 | 2009-01-13 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Method and means for generating high-order hermite functions for simulation of electromagnetic wave devices |
US7298312B2 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-11-20 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Detecting small, time domain impulsive communications signals |
WO2007008204A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-18 | Catcher Inc. | Portable handheld security device |
FR2890772B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-09 | 2012-03-16 | Thales Sa | Procede et systeme de localisation d'individus a l'interieur d'un batiment |
US7920088B2 (en) * | 2006-03-03 | 2011-04-05 | Scott Randall Thompson | Apparatus and method to identify targets through opaque barriers |
US7665663B2 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2010-02-23 | Itt Manufacturing Enterprises, Inc. | Method and apparatus for target discrimination within return signals |
US8211051B2 (en) * | 2006-09-24 | 2012-07-03 | Delaporte Stephen E | Electroactive polymer actuated cerebrospinal fluid shunt |
IL187708A (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2013-04-30 | Camero Tech Ltd | A bone-through radar radar system and a method for operating it |
FR2925169B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-18 | 2012-03-09 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et systeme d'aide a la caracterisation d'environnement par des signaux radiofrequence ultra large bande. |
US9579149B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2017-02-28 | Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. | Low profile catheter assemblies and associated systems and methods |
US10290948B2 (en) | 2015-08-02 | 2019-05-14 | Vayyar Imaging Ltd | System and method for radio frequency penetration imaging of an object |
CN105699960A (zh) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院电子学研究所 | 用于实现超宽带伪随机编码实时脉冲压缩的装置 |
TWM554171U (zh) * | 2017-08-17 | 2018-01-11 | Liu Mian Zhi | 可攜式雷達感測裝置 |
US10983210B2 (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2021-04-20 | Otis Elevator Company | Elevator sensor array system |
US10775482B2 (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2020-09-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Human detection and identification in a setting using millimeter-wave radar |
CN112513672A (zh) | 2018-07-24 | 2021-03-16 | 史密斯英特康公司 | 一种远程检测系统 |
US11183772B2 (en) | 2018-09-13 | 2021-11-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Embedded downlight and radar system |
US11543514B2 (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2023-01-03 | Elemenf Hope, Inc. | Activity detection in sand environment |
CN112946768A (zh) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-06-11 | 西安思丹德信息技术有限公司 | 一种具有识别能力非接触隐匿物探测装置和方法 |
EP4137997B1 (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2024-06-12 | Tata Consultancy Services Limited | Methods and system for goal-conditioned exploration for object goal navigation |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2222016A (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1990-02-21 | Gen Electric Co Plc | Target recognition |
US5457394A (en) * | 1993-04-12 | 1995-10-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Impulse radar studfinder |
JPH07244714A (ja) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-09-19 | Omron Corp | 物体検出装置 |
US5446461A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-08-29 | Hughes Missile Systems Company | Concrete penetrating imaging radar |
JPH08320930A (ja) * | 1995-05-24 | 1996-12-03 | Toshiba Corp | テクスチャ解析処理装置 |
JP2716401B2 (ja) * | 1995-06-06 | 1998-02-18 | ヒューズ・ミサイル・システムズ・カンパニー | コンクリートを貫通する映像レーダ |
US5640168A (en) | 1995-08-11 | 1997-06-17 | Zircon Corporation | Ultra wide-band radar antenna for concrete penetration |
US5668555A (en) | 1995-09-01 | 1997-09-16 | Starr; Jon E. | Imaging system and apparatus |
SE509733C2 (sv) * | 1996-07-05 | 1999-03-01 | Foersvarets Forskningsanstalt | Sätt att detektera och klassificera objekt med hjälp av radar |
US6133876A (en) | 1998-03-23 | 2000-10-17 | Time Domain Corporation | System and method for position determination by impulse radio |
JPH11344564A (ja) * | 1998-06-02 | 1999-12-14 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | 信号特徴自動判別方法 |
JP2000020725A (ja) * | 1998-07-06 | 2000-01-21 | Ntt Data Corp | パターン認識辞書作成方法及び装置、記録媒体 |
JP2000305654A (ja) * | 1999-04-15 | 2000-11-02 | Kazunari Men | キーボードの入力特徴を用いた個人認証 |
US6552677B2 (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2003-04-22 | Time Domain Corporation | Method of envelope detection and image generation |
WO2003042919A2 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-22 | Pulse-Link, Inc. | Ultra-wideband imaging system |
-
2003
- 2003-03-12 US US10/385,629 patent/US6806821B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-03-12 CA CA2518865A patent/CA2518865C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-12 JP JP2006532320A patent/JP5186682B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-12 CN CN2004800067044A patent/CN1788213B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-12 KR KR1020057016611A patent/KR101017463B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-12 WO PCT/US2004/007515 patent/WO2005001513A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-03-12 DE DE602004018278T patent/DE602004018278D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-12 EP EP04785729A patent/EP1601990B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106199738A (zh) * | 2015-02-15 | 2016-12-07 | 鲍星合 | 物体存在检测装置及方法 |
CN112384823A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-02-19 | 艾克索纳科技公司 | 使用超宽带(uwb)雷达检测目标模式的系统和方法 |
CN108535714A (zh) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-09-14 | 加驰(厦门)智能科技有限公司 | 一种毫米波雷达检测开放空间遮挡物体的方法及装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20060022226A (ko) | 2006-03-09 |
JP5186682B2 (ja) | 2013-04-17 |
CA2518865A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
CN1788213B (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
CA2518865C (en) | 2012-01-24 |
US20040178942A1 (en) | 2004-09-16 |
KR101017463B1 (ko) | 2011-02-25 |
WO2005001513A2 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
EP1601990A4 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
EP1601990A2 (en) | 2005-12-07 |
DE602004018278D1 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
JP2007515620A (ja) | 2007-06-14 |
WO2005001513A3 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
EP1601990B1 (en) | 2008-12-10 |
US6806821B2 (en) | 2004-10-19 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1788213B (zh) | 使用时域脉冲信号快速检测物体的设备和方法 | |
Nag et al. | Ultrawideband through-wall radar for detecting the motion of people in real time | |
US6617996B2 (en) | Ground penetrating radar with audible output | |
Protiva et al. | Estimation of wall parameters from time-delay-only through-wall radar measurements | |
US20020190915A1 (en) | Impulse radar antenna array and method | |
US6075480A (en) | Down range returns simulator | |
EP2087368B1 (en) | Method and system for detecting signal sources in a surveillance space | |
CN1289918C (zh) | 侵入物体检测装置及其设定装置 | |
KR102675643B1 (ko) | 타깃으로부터 반사되어 수신된 방사선의 처리 | |
Guerin et al. | Passive direction finding | |
Barnes et al. | Covert situational awareness with handheld ultrawideband short-pulse radar | |
Jerauld et al. | Electric and magnetic fields and field derivatives from lightning stepped leaders and first return strokes measured at distances from 100 to 1000 m | |
Xu et al. | Chaos through-wall imaging radar | |
Zhu et al. | Simultaneous observations of electric field changes, wideband magnetic field pulses, and VHF emissions associated with K processes in lightning discharges | |
Kakubari et al. | Enhancement of passive surveillance system for airport surface movement | |
Kirk et al. | Waveform design for cognitive radar: target detection in heavy clutter | |
CN111443333B (zh) | 一种基于频谱综合的多方位匹配信号生成方法 | |
Shao et al. | Radio frequency radiation beam pattern of lightning return strokes: Inferred from FORTE satellite observations | |
Kapilevich et al. | Passive non-imaging mm-wave sensor for detecting hidden objects | |
Pochanin et al. | GPR for pavement monitoring | |
EP0816872A1 (en) | Borehole probe with one or more radar antennae | |
Price et al. | Impacts of wall–target interaction on matched illumination waveforms for twri | |
Bi et al. | Single‐station radar‐based UAV position estimation in complex urban environments | |
Qiu et al. | Clutter Environment Perception Based on Prototypical Network | |
Fogle | Software defined radio (SDR) with applications in radar systems |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20100908 Termination date: 20160312 |