CN1768185A - 移动车辆的传动线路和用于控制传动线路的方法 - Google Patents

移动车辆的传动线路和用于控制传动线路的方法 Download PDF

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CN1768185A
CN1768185A CNA2004800085201A CN200480008520A CN1768185A CN 1768185 A CN1768185 A CN 1768185A CN A2004800085201 A CNA2004800085201 A CN A2004800085201A CN 200480008520 A CN200480008520 A CN 200480008520A CN 1768185 A CN1768185 A CN 1768185A
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贝恩德·奥曼
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/103—Infinitely variable gearings of fluid type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
    • B60W30/1819—Propulsion control with control means using analogue circuits, relays or mechanical links
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2253—Controlling the travelling speed of vehicles, e.g. adjusting travelling speed according to implement loads, control of hydrostatic transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/02—Clutches
    • B60W2510/0208—Clutch engagement state, e.g. engaged or disengaged
    • B60W2510/0225—Clutch actuator position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/12—Brake pedal position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
    • B60W2540/16—Ratio selector position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H45/00—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches
    • F16H2045/002—Combinations of fluid gearings for conveying rotary motion with couplings or clutches comprising a clutch between prime mover and fluid gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
    • F16H61/0213—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal characterised by the method for generating shift signals
    • F16H2061/0234—Adapting the ratios to special vehicle conditions

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Gearings (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)
  • Train Traffic Observation, Control, And Security (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Drives, Propulsion Controls, And Safety Devices (AREA)

Abstract

在一种用于特别是轮式装载机这种作功机械的传动线路中，行驶速度通过加速踏板(11)预先选择而工作液压系统通过选择杆(8)预先选择，其中，将信号输送到电子控制单元(10)，该单元对传动马达(1)和设置在传动马达(1)和流体动力变矩器的泵工作轮(3)之间的离合器(2)这样进行控制，使辅助传动装置(6)为工作液压系统的泵(7)提供足够的转速并不超过预先选择的行驶速度。

Description

移动车辆的传动线路和用于控制传动线路的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按权利要求1前序部分详细定义类型的移动车辆的传动线路。
背景技术
依据分类的传动线路特别是在例如像轮式装载机、平路机或者堆垛机这类作功机械上使用。在这种情况下，发动机通过流体动力变矩器和后置的负荷切换变速器传动车辆的驱动车轮。发动机同样还传动工作液压系统液压泵的辅助传动装置。如果驾驶员打算例如提升轮式装载机的铲斗并缓慢接近载重汽车，那么他同时操作脚制动器和加速踏板，以便提高液压泵发动机的转速并通过脚制动器降低行驶速度。在这种情况下输入流体动力变矩器内的功率转换成热能。
DE 195 21 458 A1公开了一种用于传动机械的电子液压控制装置，其中，在传动马达和流体动力变矩器的泵工作轮之间设置一个离合器，它通过操作另一踏板可在打开方向上激活。为提高发动机的转速，驾驶员操作加速踏板，并为同时降低速度，驾驶员操作在打开方向上操作离合器的另一踏板。因为驾驶员同时还需操作工作液压系统和需要时操作方向盘，对于驾驶员来说，要保持接近所要求的速度极其困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种移动车辆的传动线路或者一种用于控制移动车辆传动线路的方法，特别是用于控制带有用于传动工作液压系统的辅助传动装置的作功机械的方法，该方法可减轻驾驶员的负担。
该目的利用具有主权利要求所述特征，对于移动车辆依据分类的传动线路得以实现。
依据本发明，驾驶员为控制发动机不操作气动踏板，而是利用加速踏板产生信号，将这些信号输送到电子控制单元，而且这些信号与车辆的速度要求相应。该电子控制单元同时识别是否操作控制工作液压系统的选择杆。根据工作液压系统选择杆的状态，电子控制单元控制将发动机与流体动力变矩器的泵工作轮连接的离合器。如果不操作工作液压系统的选择杆，那么电子控制单元识别仅需激活行驶传动装置。在这种状态下最好关闭离合器，并将车辆保持在通过加速踏板预先规定的速度上。
在另一构成方式中，可以这样控制发动机和后置的变速器，优选为可负荷切换的变速器，使得流体动力变矩器、发动机和负荷切换变速器处于最佳效率范围内。同样在这种状态中，可以按照工作状态控制变矩器桥接离合器，该离合器将涡轮于发动机相连。按照加速踏板的位置将传动线路调节到新的速度。
在另一构成方式中，存在接受加速踏板的加速度并依赖于这种加速度控制传动线路的可能性。
在另一构成方式中，存在加速踏板大幅度复位的情况下激活脚制动器的可能性，以便额外制动车辆。
如果现在操作工作液压系统的选择杆，那么电子控制单元识别工作液压系统的液压泵应输送的足够的输送量。为此将发动机提升到液压泵所需的最低转速。该转速也可以取决于选择杆的位置。如果具有发动机这种提升转速的车辆超过通过加速踏板预先规定的行驶速度，那么电子控制单元在打开方向上激活将发动机与流体动力变矩器的泵齿轮轴连接的离合器并将其打开，使车辆不超过预先规定的速度。如果车辆处于其最大功率下并操作选择杆，那么同样在打开方向上操作离合器，其中，车辆处于低于预先规定的行驶速度下。
在另一构成方式中，对负荷切换变速器这样进行控制，使负荷切换变速器的传动比加大，以保持足够的牵引力。这一点最好在为额外操作选择杆加速踏板在增加行驶速度方向上运动的情况下进行。
通过加速踏板仅产生驾驶员行驶速度的信号，存在发动机的功率取决于工作液压系统和行驶传动装置之间需求分配的可能性。通过车辆的加速度例如在装载铲斗升程，即所谓的装载运行时驾驶员额外的手动操作同样是多余的。驾驶员大大减轻了负担。同样存在车辆以最佳油耗运行的可能性。
依据本发明因此存在这种可能性，例如利用轮式装载机接近载重汽车操作工作液压系统的选择杆并在降低速度的方向上回收加速踏板。在这种情况下，发动机会提高其转速，这样可以使铲斗快速提升，而车辆同时无需附加操作其他踏板就可降低其速度。
从加速踏板到加速踏板的变换可与行驶传动装置相关准确识别驾驶员的意图，并因此进一步提高了驾驶的灵活性。随着减少驾驶员的手动操作，可由人工智能控制单元根据实际情况提供制动系统支持的自动限制加减挡。
其他特征参阅附图的说明。
具体实施方式
唯一的附图示出发动机1，它通过初级离合器2传动流体动力变矩器的泵工作轮3。涡轮4传动负荷切换变速器5。发动机1还传动辅助传动装置6，后者传动工作液压系统的液压泵7。通过操作选择杆8将液压泵7的体积流量输送到例如轮式装载机的铲斗这种消耗器9。液压泵7可以是负载检测泵(Load-Sensing-Pump)。电子控制单元10接收选择杆8以及加速踏板11和脚制动踏板12的信号。电子控制单元同样接收发动机1转速、离合器2操作以及负荷切换变速器5转速的传感器信号。如果利用加速踏板11调节行驶速度并同时操作选择杆8，那么电子控制单元10将发动机1调节到最低转速。如果超过通过加速踏板11调节的行驶速度，那么在打开方向上操作离合器2，使行驶速度与通过加速踏板11预先规定的速度相应。如果这样还不够，存在电子控制单元10额外控制脚制动器的可能性。
附图标记
1发动机
2离合器
3泵工作轮
4涡轮
5负荷切换变速器
6辅助传动装置
7液压泵
8选择杆
9消耗器
10电子控制单元
11加速踏板
12脚制动踏板

Claims (8)

1.移动车辆的传动线路，带有发动机(1)，它一方面通过流体动力变矩器传动行驶传动装置的可切换变速器(5)，另一方面传动用于传动工作液压系统液压泵(7)的辅助传动装置(6)，其中，流体动力变矩器的泵工作轮(3)通过离合器(2)与发动机(1)连接，其特征在于，将工作液压系统选择杆(8)的信号和行驶传动装置加速踏板(11)的信号输送到电子控制单元(10)，该电子控制单元这样控制发动机(1)和离合器(2)，使得根据加速踏板(11)的位置调节行驶速度，并根据选择杆(8)的位置调节辅助传动装置(6)的转速。
2.用于控制移动车辆传动线路的方法，该传动线路带有发动机(1)，它一方面通过流体动力变矩器传动行驶传动装置的可切换变速器(5)，另一方面传动用于传动工作液压系统液压泵(7)的辅助传动装置(6)，其中，流体动力变矩器的泵工作轮(3)通过离合器(2)与发动机(1)连接，其特征在于，将工作液压系统选择杆(8)的信号和行驶传动装置加速踏板(11)的信号输送到电子控制单元(10)，该电子控制单元这样控制发动机(1)和离合器(2)，使得根据加速踏板(11)的位置调节行驶速度，并根据选择杆(8)的位置调节辅助传动装置(6)的转速。
3.按权利要求2所述用于控制传动线路的方法，其中，在关闭离合器(2)情况下操作选择杆(8)时，在打开方向上这样操作离合器(2)，使辅助传动装置(6)达到确定的转速。
4.按权利要求2所述用于控制传动线路的方法，其中，在发动机(1)低于最大功率工作且关闭离合器并随后操作选择杆(8)时，在打开方向上这样操作离合器(2)和这样控制发动机(1)，使辅助传动装置(6)达到确定的转速并使行驶速度与加速踏板(11)的位置相应。
5.按权利要求2所述用于控制传动线路的方法，其中，在发动机(1)低于最大功率工作且关闭离合器并随后操作选择杆(8)时，在打开方向上这样操作离合器(2)和这样控制发动机(1)，使辅助传动装置(6)达到确定的转速并在行驶阻力增加的情况下降低行驶速度。
6.按权利要求2所述用于控制传动线路的方法，其中，在降低速度的方向上操作选择杆(8)和操作加速踏板(11)时，发动机(1)的转速上升。
7.按权利要求6所述用于控制传动线路的方法，其中，行驶速度通过操作脚制动器而降低。
8.按权利要求2所述用于控制传动线路的方法，其中，在提高速度的方向上操作选择杆(8)和操作加速踏板(11)时，辅助传动装置(6)的转速上升并将变速器(5)在更大传动比的方向上调节。
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