CN1752249A - Self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy - Google Patents
Self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN1752249A CN1752249A CN 200510030504 CN200510030504A CN1752249A CN 1752249 A CN1752249 A CN 1752249A CN 200510030504 CN200510030504 CN 200510030504 CN 200510030504 A CN200510030504 A CN 200510030504A CN 1752249 A CN1752249 A CN 1752249A
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Abstract
A self-lubricating antiwear over-eutectic AlSi alloy contains Cu (3-5 Wt%), Si (17.1-20), Fe (0.2-0.5), Bi (2.5-5), Ni (0.2-0.5), P (0.005-0.02), Sr (0.005-0.05), Ba (0.01-0.4), RE (0.005-0.25), Mg (0-0.2), Mn (0-0.5), impurities (0-0.05) and Al (rest). Its advantages are high mechanical performance including elongation percentage, antiwear nature, tension strength, yield strength and hardness, and high machinability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy, belong to the casting alloy technical field.
Background technology
Two-way swash plate is that driven plunger comes and goes a vital part realizing the refrigeration compression in the compressor, and this part guarantees that not only enough intensity is arranged under high speed rotating, and its inclined-plane must possess good wear resistance energy and anti-attrition (low frictional factor).Want the surface of friction of continuous geosyncline plate that lubricant is provided in the course of the work, otherwise, will between the friction metal scuffing take place.In order to reduce the weight of automobile, low density metal is able to widespread use on the other hand, yet even metal has strong wear resistance and low density.If their machining property is poor, production cost will improve.Some material such as cast iron and bronze though have good wear resistance, than great, still are not best selections.The compressor swash plate has experienced from the evolution process of steel → ironcasting → light wear-resistant aluminum alloy material so just.
A390 hypereutectic high-seleium aluminium alloy material commonly used is made two-way swash plate core part both at home and abroad at present.A390 hypereutectic alloy silicon content is up to 16～18%, thereby forms the siliceous point of a large amount of hard on aluminum substrate, improved the wear resistance of aluminium alloy widely.Yet, because a large amount of existence of siliceous point, making the machining property variation of material, machined surface roughness strengthens, thereby can't reach the superior over-all properties that wear resisting property and anti-attrition (low frictional factor) take into account.The machinability variation of material is being thought the wear rate rising of cutting with cutter, and then production cost is improved.In order to overcome above shortcoming, people also will carry out surface treatment after making part with the A390 alloy, and for example anodizing or zinc-plated reduce frictional coefficient and the purpose that strengthens antiwear property to reach, and this has increased operation, has correspondingly increased cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy.
Task of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy is characterized in that the weight percent of alloy composition is as follows: 3.0～5.0%Cu, 17.1～20.0%Si, 0.2～0.5%Fe, 2.5～5.0%Bi, 0.2～0.5%Ni, 0.005～0.02%P, 0.005～0.05%Sr, 0.01～0.4%Ba, 0.005～0.25%RE, ≤ 0.2%Mg, ≤ 0.5%Mn ,≤0.5% impurity element total amount, surplus are Al.
Alloy of the present invention is a kind of transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy, produces high wear resistance and self lubricity preferably by add proper C u, Bi, P, Sr, RE in alloy, and can obtain high hardness by thermal treatment.
Alloy of the present invention has primary silicon crystal hard point in its tissue, this many silicon crystal hard points that distributing on aluminum substrate have good wear resistance; Bismuth-containing in the tissue can partly melt in friction process on the other hand, reduce the frictional coefficient of material surface, thereby make this material have good anti-attrition and work-ing life, become the friction pair material of the alternative renewal of making compressor of air conditioner swash plate class part.
Have primary silicon crystal hard point in the transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy tissue, the tissue of this many silicon crystal hard points that distributing on aluminum substrate has good wear resistance, and silicone content is high more in the alloy, and alloy is just hard more, and wear resistance is just good more.But in transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy because higher silicon content, thick piece sheet primary silicon skewness appears in the tissue that makes this alloy obtain in castingprocesses, Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys is faller gill shape pattern, such silicon phase constitution form severe exacerbation the mechanical property of alloy, reduced machinability, can improve this deficiency by corresponding rotten the processing.The present invention adopts P, Sr, and Ba, RE composite inoculating transcocrystallized Al-Si alloy both can obtain tiny primary silicon tissue, also can make Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys become corynebacterium.
The Bi element that adds among the present invention is a kind of high-density (9.8g/cm
3), low melting point (271 ℃), the soft metal element of soft (9HB) is 2.7g/cm if be evenly distributed on density
3And fusing point is that the Bi of low fusing point can partly melt on the intermetallic surface of friction in 660 ℃ the Al matrix, reduces the frictional coefficient of material surface, played the self-lubricating function of alloy, avoids because the thermogenetic metal interlock of friction.Yet Al-Bi is a monotectic alloy, and both liquid phases are not dissolved each other, because the proportion of Bi is bigger, the proportion of Al is less, under the effect of gravity, adopts the conventional cast method to be easy to take place the Bi segregation, and the uneven distribution of Bi particle will seriously reduce its self-lubricating effect.Can adopt the method for high temperature gradient layer-by-layer solidifying to solve the segregation problem of Bi.
Adopt P-Sr-Ba-RE composite inoculating method, the primary silicon in the realization alloy and the dual metamorphism of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys.Control siliceous some refinement and homogenizing on the matrix effectively, reach the further effect of improving its mechanical property and wear resistance.
The Cu that adds among the present invention can improve the normal temperature and the high-temperature behavior of aluminum silicon alloy.Cu can generate CuAl with the Al reaction in alloy
2, this is separated out by precipitation in the ageing strengthening process, many small and dispersed distribution CuAl of formation
2Particle comes, thereby reaches reinforced effects.
In alloy, add High-Temperature Strengthening element Ni in right amount, to improve the hot strength and the high temperature abrasion resistance of alloy.Owing to adopt P-Sr-Ba-RE composite inoculating method, realize the primary silicon in the alloy and the dual metamorphism of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys, controlled siliceous some refinement and homogenizing effectively, the adding of Ni element not entail dangers to the primary silicon modification effect.
Alloy of the present invention can be loosened to≤0.2wt%Mg the control of Mg content.The adding of Ba element in the alloy has reached the Modification of Eutectic Silicon in Al-Si Cast Alloys effect on the one hand, and it has and suppresses Mg function to the deleterious effect of the self-lubricating of Bi in alloy on the other hand.Therefore, can enlarge the scope of Mg content in the alloy.
The present invention adopts high temperature gradient layer-by-layer solidifying continuously casting process, and its principle is to apply induced current in the molten metal above the continuous cast mold system.Utilize eddy current heating of metal liquid on the one hand.Utilize electromagnetic stirr reinforced metal convective heat exchange on the other hand, thereby the metal base in crystallizer system axially forms a high-temperature gradient field, and the molten metal cave is shoaled, solidify and occur in the very narrow zone, thereby in casting process, realize successively solidifying.This method is controlled at separating out of Bi in the narrow zone of solidified front, avoids the generation of the gravity segregation of Bi element effectively, simultaneously, also makes the solidified structure refinement of alloy monolithic, further improves the over-all properties of material.
Alloy of the present invention can be used on the component of the similar operating mode of swash plate of automobile air conditioner compressor, for example on the swash plate of automobile air conditioner compressor or at the cylinder body of car engine, on the steam jacket.This material has outstanding antiwear property and self-lubricating ability, need not to improve as the surperficial anodizing of traditional A390 alloy or plating Sn the abrasion resistance of alloy.
Embodiment
After now embodiments of the invention being described in.
Embodiment one
Get 4.14kg Cu, 17.6kg Si, 3.7kg Bi, metals such as 73.62kg Al are put into smelting furnace.These metals all are highly purified, are fit to prepare alloy.After metallic element dissolves, adopt to add the processing of going bad of P-Sr-Ba-RE compound modifier, obtain the blank that diameter is 72mm by continuous casting at last.This blank is analyzed by spectrometer, its composition compositional analysis of sample of from the alloy of invention preparation, obtaining the results are shown in table 1, and compare with the composition of traditional A390.Table 2 is listed in the mechanical property contrast after T6 thermal treatment of alloy of the present invention and traditional A390 alloy.
The composition of table 1 alloy of the present invention and traditional A390
| Composition (Wt%) | Cu | Mg | Si | Fe | Mn | Ni | P | Bi | P | Sr | RE | Ba | Al |
| Alloy of the present invention | 4.14 | 0.20 | 17.80 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 3.70 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | Surplus |
| A390 | 4.07 | 0.53 | 17.20 | 0.34 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | Surplus |
Table 2 alloy of the present invention and the traditional mechanical property of A390 alloy after T6 thermal treatment
| Mechanical property | Thermal treatment process | Tensile strength (MPa) | Yield strength (MPa) | Unit elongation (%) | Hardness (HB) |
| Alloy of the present invention | T6 | 346 | 327 | 1.0 | 138 |
| A390 | T6 | 325 | 319 | 1.0 | 131 |
Carry out the frictional behaviour test with alloy of the present invention and traditional A390 alloy,, compare their wear resistance by measuring frictional coefficient.Test records frictional coefficient by the improved frictional testing machines of improved MM-20, transmitter, data acquisition unit.Test conditions is: the rotating speed to the mill material is 200 rev/mins, and load is additional to be 10N, each sample difference running-in earlier 20 minutes, and the measuring friction coefficient time is 30 minutes.Rub(bing)test is divided into two kinds: do not add any lubricating oil during (1) metal to-metal contact.When (2) adding oil drag in process of the test oil addition.No matter result's demonstration of table 3 is metal to-metal contact or add oil drag, and the coefficientoffriction that adds different B i content alloy of the present invention is all less than the coefficientoffriction of A390 alloy, and this illustrates that alloy of the present invention has good self lubricity.
The hypereutectic Al-Si alloy that the present invention obtains has high wear resistance and self lubricity, and is keeping the breaking tenacity similar to traditional A390, tensile strength, yield strength and hardness.Therefore can be applied in the field that requirement is arranged resistance to wearing, even the swash plate of automobile air conditioner compressor for example is without the surface treatment of similar anodizing or Sn metal plating.
The coefficientoffriction of table 3 alloy of the present invention (adding different B i content) and traditional A390 alloy
| Alloy | A390 (not adding Bi) | Add 2%Bi | Add 3%Bi | Add 4%Bi | Add 5%Bi | Add 6%Bi |
| The μ of metal to-metal contact | 0.471 | 0.386 | 0.405 | 0.407 | 0.397 | 0.414 |
| The μ that adds oil drag | 0.079 | 0.067 | 0.076 | 0.048 | 0.078 | 0.078 |
Claims (1)
1. a self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy is characterized in that the weight percent of alloy composition is as follows: 3.0～5.0%Cu, 17.1～20.0%Si, 0.2～0.5%Fe, 2.5～5.0%Bi, 0.2～0.5%Ni, 0.005～0.02%P, 0.005～0.05%Sr, 0.01～0.4%Ba, 0.005～0.25%RE, ≤ 0.2%Mg, ≤ 0.5%Mn ,≤0.5% impurity element total amount, surplus are Al.
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| CNB2005100305049A CN1320145C (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | Self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy |
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| CNB2005100305049A CN1320145C (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | Self-lubricating high-wear-proof hypereutectic Al-Si alloy |
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| CN1752249A true CN1752249A (en) | 2006-03-29 |
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Cited By (8)
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| CN102518672A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-06-27 | 广州安达汽车零部件股份有限公司 | High-strength bearing bush basal layer |
| CN104141078A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-12 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Wear-resistant alloy having complex microstructure |
| CN104387071A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-04 | 合肥皖为电气设备工程有限责任公司 | Self-lubricating wear-resistant ceramic for cutting tools and preparation method thereof |
| CN106048334A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-10-26 | 重庆大学 | High-plasticity high-strength cast aluminum alloy containing barium and cerium and manufacture method thereof |
| CN106381426A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-02-08 | 兰州理工大学 | Novel damping wear-resisting hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy preparing method based on rare earth cerium modification |
| CN106399767A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-15 | 湖南理工学院 | Sr-containing Al-42Si aluminum alloy and preparation process thereof |
| CN107723537A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-23 | 合肥熠辉轻合金科技有限公司 | A kind of high-strength antifriction aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN107937767A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 苏州仓松金属制品有限公司 | A kind of novel high-performance aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1555423A (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2004-12-15 | �Ѻ͵繤��ʽ���� | Aluminum alloy excellent in machinability, and aluminum alloy material and method for production thereof |
| KR100448536B1 (en) * | 2002-03-27 | 2004-09-13 | 후성정공 주식회사 | free machinability Hyper-eutectic Al-Si alloy |
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| CN102518672B (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2016-02-10 | 广州安达精密工业股份有限公司 | A kind of method and high-strength bearing bush basal layer producing high-strength bearing bush basal layer |
| CN102518672A (en) * | 2012-01-05 | 2012-06-27 | 广州安达汽车零部件股份有限公司 | High-strength bearing bush basal layer |
| CN104141078A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2014-11-12 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Wear-resistant alloy having complex microstructure |
| CN104141078B (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2018-09-21 | 现代自动车株式会社 | Antifriction alloy with complicated microstructure |
| CN104387071A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2015-03-04 | 合肥皖为电气设备工程有限责任公司 | Self-lubricating wear-resistant ceramic for cutting tools and preparation method thereof |
| CN104387071B (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-06-08 | 合肥皖为电气设备工程有限责任公司 | A kind of cutting tool self-lubricating abrasion-resistant pottery and preparation method thereof |
| CN106048334B (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-01-09 | 重庆大学 | High-plastic High Strength Cast Aluminum Alloy of baric and cerium and preparation method thereof |
| CN106048334A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2016-10-26 | 重庆大学 | High-plasticity high-strength cast aluminum alloy containing barium and cerium and manufacture method thereof |
| CN106381426A (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-02-08 | 兰州理工大学 | Novel damping wear-resisting hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy preparing method based on rare earth cerium modification |
| CN106399767A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2017-02-15 | 湖南理工学院 | Sr-containing Al-42Si aluminum alloy and preparation process thereof |
| CN106399767B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2019-06-04 | 湖南理工学院 | A kind of Al-42Si aluminium alloy and its preparation process containing Sr |
| CN107723537A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2018-02-23 | 合肥熠辉轻合金科技有限公司 | A kind of high-strength antifriction aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN107937767A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-04-20 | 苏州仓松金属制品有限公司 | A kind of novel high-performance aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN107937767B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2019-07-26 | 苏州仓松金属制品有限公司 | A kind of novel high-performance aluminum alloy materials and preparation method thereof |
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Address after: 200444 No. 149, upper road, Shanghai, Baoshan District Patentee after: Shanghai University Patentee after: SANDEN HUAYU AUTOMOTIVE AIR-CONDITIONING CO., LTD. Address before: 200444 No. 149, upper road, Shanghai, Baoshan District Patentee before: Shanghai University Patentee before: Sandian Beier Automobile Air-Conditioner Co., Ltd., Shanghai |
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