Background technique
Sliding bearing mainly comprises bearing shell, lining, flange watt and thrust plate.The Main Function of sliding bearing has: 1, supporting axle and parts on shaft, the running accuracy of retainer shaft; 2, the friction and wear between rotating shaft and supporting is reduced.Steam turbine, centrifugal compressor, internal-combustion engine, large-size machine etc. all need to adopt sliding bearing.Therefore sliding bearing is the strength member in internal-combustion engine.
At present, the material of sliding bearing mainly contains copper base and alumina-base material, and the bearing capacity of copper-based material is high, be used on the internal-combustion engine of high year at a high speed, along with the sharp rising of price of the development, particularly copper material of economic and society, Ge great main engine factory commercial city is making great efforts to reduce costs; On the other hand, due to the rise of crude oil price, need again the volume reducing motor, the unit load of sliding bearing is in rising.At this moment a kind of good material is needed to replace.And aluminum alloy is lower due to bearing capacity, be generally used in low speed low year occasion, aluminium distribution is very extensive, cheap, and owing to being that wear resistance, anti-seizing property are superior, the time as material for sliding bearing is also relatively more of a specified duration, but the bearing capacity of aluminum alloy low be problem in the industry always.Therefore, a kind of high strength is developed and cheap sliding bearing new material becomes problem main now.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of cost is low, the method for the production high-strength bearing bush basal layer of environmental protection and fatigue resistance is high, wear resistance is good, cost is low, the high-strength bearing bush basal layer of environmental protection.
Technological scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of high-strength bearing bush basal layer, it is characterized in that described bearing substrate layer is positioned at the top of steel back layer, described base layer is aluminum alloy top layer, and wherein the weight percent proportioning of each element is: in tin 3.5 ~ 9.0%, silicon 1.5 ~ 5.0%, copper 0.1 ~ 5.0%, nickel 0.1 ~ 3.0%, manganese 0.1 ~ 0.5%, vanadium 0.1 ~ 0.3%, rhenium or lanthanum or cerium, any one or any two kinds of combinations 0.1 ~ 5%, impurity≤0.5%, surpluses are aluminium.
In described aluminum alloy top layer, the weight percentage of each element can be specifically:
In described aluminum alloy top layer: the tin of 5.5%, the silicon of 2.5%, 1.0% copper, the nickel of 1.0%, manganese, the vanadium of 0.15%, the rhenium of 4.0% of 0.2%, surplus is aluminium.
In described aluminum alloy top layer: the tin of 5.5%, the silicon of 3.0%, 0.9% copper, the nickel of 1.1%, manganese, the vanadium of 0.18%, the lanthanum of 4.0% of 0.25%, surplus is aluminium.
In described aluminum alloy top layer: the tin of 6.5%, the silicon of 1.5%, 2.0% copper, the nickel of 0.7%, manganese, the vanadium of 0.10%, the cerium of 4.0% of 0.25%, surplus is aluminium.
In described aluminum alloy top layer: the tin of 6.0%, the silicon of 3.0%, the copper of 0.7%, nickel, the manganese of 0.5%, vanadium, the cerium of 2.0%, the lanthanum of 3.0% of 0.5% of 2.0%, surplus is aluminium.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of producing high-strength bearing bush basal layer, comprises the following steps:
1) aluminium, tin, silicon, copper, nickel, manganese, vanadium material are prepared burden in advance and carried out melting refinement;
2) to add in rhenium or lanthanum or cerium any one or any two kinds of refinings after degasification again, through repeatedly rolling, make aluminium ingot;
3) then aluminium ingot is compound on steel plate, finally forms high-strength bearing bush basal layer.
Through experimental verification, each material added in the present invention has that to act on 1. tin be as follows be added into as producing the composition of soft constituent element respectively, and aluminium generates eutectic.Add tin, the surface property of alloy can be made to improve, improve the corrosion resistance of alloy; If the content of tin is too high, intensity and the hardness of alloy will be affected.Experiment proves, after the content of tin is more than 13%, the hardness of alloy declines more than 15%.When the content of tin is too low, lower than 3% time, the corrosion resistance of alloy declines more than 50%.2. silicon can provide intensity, bearing capacity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, recrystallization temperature and seizure resistance and reduce thermal expansion coefficient.By aluminum alloy rolled to steel time, the silicon in alloy can also prevent the formation of crisp iron-aluminum compound, is conducive to improving the adhesion strength between bearing layer.Along with the rising of silicone content, separate out silicon particle in alloy, the hardness of alloy significantly strengthens.When the content of silicon reaches 5%, under the fatigue strength of alloy more than 20%.When silicone content is more than 5%, plasticity and machinability worsen.3. nickel to carry heavy alloyed Young's modulus, and energy reinforced alloys, puies forward heavy alloyed heat-resisting quantity.If nickel content is too high, the hardness of alloy significantly strengthens.When content 3%, hardness improves 10%; When content reaches 5%, hardness improves more than 20%.The corrosion resistance of alloy significantly declines.Meanwhile, because hardness is high, the technology capability of material declines.The life-span of cutter declines more than 30%.4. vanadium, manganese can carry heavy alloyed Young's modulus; Reduce the impact of the poisonous metals such as iron, improve the metallographic structure of alloy, thus play the effect of reinforced alloys.If too high levels, the segregation of alloy will be caused.Through experiment, when the content of manganese vanadium is more than 0.8%, metallographic skewness, deposits a large amount of needle-like or leaf-like tissue in alloy.5. copper can carry heavy alloyed Young's modulus, plays the effect of reinforced aluminium alloy, also can reduce the degree that alloy rigidity reduces under high temperature.6. in aluminum alloy, trace rare-earth element is added, significantly can improve the metallographic structure of aluminum alloy, crystal grain thinning, remove gas and objectionable impurities in aluminum alloy, reduce the formation of crack of aluminum alloy, thus improve the intensity of aluminum alloy, improve processibility, the heat resistance of aluminum alloy, plasticity and forgeability can also be improved, improve hardness, gain in strength and toughness, but due to rare earth price, in order to reduce costs, can not excessive use.
As can be seen here, beneficial effect of the present invention is: one, compare traditional aluminum alloy material and have the advantage that fatigue resistance is high, good corrosion resistance, bearing capacity are high; Two, the advantage that copper base bush material has low cost is compared; Three, material of the present invention is not leaded, meets the requirement of environmental protection.
Embodiment 5
A kind of production method of high-strength bearing bush basal layer is prepared burden in advance and carry out melting refinement at aluminium, tin, silicon, copper, nickel, manganese, vanadium material, any one or two kinds of refinings in rhenium or lanthanum or cerium are added again after degasification, through repeatedly rolling, make aluminium ingot, then be compound on steel plate, final formation high tensile aluminium alloy sliding bearing.
As shown in Figure 1, high-strength bearing bush basal layer is made up of aluminium alloy layer 2, and aluminium alloy layer 2 is positioned on steel back layer 1.
The present invention compared with the prior art example performance comparison as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
Adopt the fatigue resistance of " sapphire fatigue test board " copper test alloy material in table 1, when the fatigue resistance of material reaches 120MPa, fatigue does not occur and meets internal-combustion engine requirement.
Adopt the corrosion resistance of " salt spray test chamber " test material in table 1, the corrosion resistance of material of the present invention comparatively in comparative example tin aluminium and Gao Xi aluminium material all to get well.
In sum, the various performance of the present invention is excellent.