CN113059872A - Aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113059872A CN113059872A CN202110270325.1A CN202110270325A CN113059872A CN 113059872 A CN113059872 A CN 113059872A CN 202110270325 A CN202110270325 A CN 202110270325A CN 113059872 A CN113059872 A CN 113059872A
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/012—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/18—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising iron or steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/003—Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
- B21B2001/386—Plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material comprises a steel plate layer and an aluminum-tin alloy layer; the preparation method of the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material comprises the steps of taking a steel plate as a substrate, obtaining an aluminum-tin alloy plate with a certain proportion of components at the front end by a casting and rolling process, cleaning and polishing the two plates, and then carrying out cold rolling, heat treatment and other processes to prepare the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite plate; the product can be widely applied to the manufacturing fields of rockets, airplanes, automobiles, ships, petroleum and the like. The invention adopts the aluminum-tin alloy as the antifriction layer and the steel plate as the substrate supporting layer, compared with the traditional pure aluminum layer, the aluminum-tin alloy layer can play a better antifriction role, and simultaneously the component proportion of the alloy plate can be automatically adjusted by the front-end aluminum-tin alloy plate casting and rolling process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite material, in particular to an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The steel-aluminum double-layer composite material has the advantages of steel and aluminum materials, abandons the defects of the steel and aluminum materials, and is a composite material with wide application range and great development potential; the existing steel-aluminum double-layer composite material comprises materials prepared by an explosion welding method, a friction welding method, a composite ingot casting hot rolling method and the like, has the technical defects of complex operation, high equipment requirement and the like, has high requirement on parameter control in the composite process, and is relatively complex in equipment maintenance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material comprises a steel plate layer and an aluminum-tin alloy layer, wherein the thickness of the steel plate layer is 1-5mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-tin alloy layer is 0.3-1 mm; the steel plate layer is made of iron-carbon alloy with the carbon content of 0.02-2.11%, the aluminum-tin alloy layer is made of aluminum-tin alloy through casting and rolling, and the casting and rolling wall thickness is 5-10 mm.
Further, the main component of the aluminum-tin alloy is 78-94% of aluminum; 3-20% of tin; ni0.1-5%; 0.1 to 5 percent of copper; 0.1 to 5 percent of silicon; 0.1 to 5 percent of manganese; 0.1 to 5 percent of lead.
A preparation method of an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material comprises the steps of taking a steel plate as a substrate, obtaining an aluminum-tin alloy plate with a certain proportion of components at the front end by a casting and rolling process, cleaning and polishing the two plates, and then carrying out cold rolling to obtain an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite plate; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding aluminum ingots, tin ingots and other metal components with a certain proportion of components into a smelting furnace, and heating to 700-900 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum-tin alloy liquid;
s2, pouring the aluminum liquid, obtaining a plate with a corresponding wall thickness through a cast-rolling process, then carrying out re-rolling on the aluminum-tin alloy plate, and then annealing, wherein the aluminum liquid is reserved in a clean state;
specifically, the casting and rolling process parameters are as follows: the casting and rolling adopts a double-roller inclined casting and rolling machine phi 500 x 600mm, wherein the melt temperature in a front box is 690 and 705 ℃, the roller gap is 6.0-6.3mm, the length of a casting and rolling area is 40-45mm, the water pressure of cooling water is 0.5MPa, the water temperature is lower than 25 ℃, and the casting and rolling speed is 0.8-0.90 m/min.
S3, uncoiling and leveling the steel strip surface in a clean state and environment, polishing the steel strip surface by an abrasive belt grinding process, and eliminating rolling defects on the steel strip surface, so that the steel strip surface is exposed to brand new metal essence, is clean and pollution-free, and has composite surface roughness Ra1.6-12.5 mu m; the non-composite surface roughness Ra of the steel strip is less than or equal to 0.63 mu m;
s4, cleaning, removing impurities and oil from the aluminum-tin alloy plate, polishing the surface layer of the aluminum-tin alloy plate by a steel wire brush wheel polishing process to obtain the treatment effects of refreshing the surface of the alloy strip, cleaning and no pollution, adjusting the rolling amount to be 40-80% and the rolling force to be 300-900t to obtain the rolled aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite plate, and spraying oil-based hot rolling oil during compounding;
s5, performing diffusion annealing on the plate in a vacuum atmosphere at the annealing temperature of 200-600 ℃, and increasing the bonding force between the aluminum-tin alloy and the steel plate;
specifically, the aluminum-tin alloy and steel compounding process is a process of realizing mechanical combination by cracking of surface hardening layers of an aluminum-tin alloy layer and a steel plate layer and contacting and mutual occlusion of fresh metals, and annealing treatment can realize recrystallization recovery of the aluminum-tin alloy layer and the steel plate layer and mutual diffusion between interfaces of the aluminum-steel composite plate, so that the aluminum-steel composite plate is changed from mechanical occlusion under a cold rolling condition into metallurgical combination, and the combination strength of the aluminum-steel interface is improved;
and S6, finally, finish rolling is carried out, the plate is rolled to the required wall thickness, the cooled aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is subjected to uncoiling, inspection, unqualified part marking, coiled belt stub bars, material edges, material tails and the like are removed, and the normalized aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is oiled and coiled into coils.
Further, the rolling mode is one of roll-wrapping asynchronous rolling, straightening asynchronous rolling, asynchronous constant extension rolling or single-machine asynchronous continuous rolling.
Further, in the step S1, a round heavy oil smelting furnace is adopted for smelting, the melt temperature is 720-760 ℃, a resistance heating standing furnace is adopted for standing, the refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, and H is H2The content is less than 0.10ml/100g of aluminum.
Further, in the step S1, the crystal refiner is Al-Ti-B filaments, and CCL is adopted for melt purification4Refining and glass fiber cloth filtering are combined.
Further, in step S2, the entire system needs to be preheated at 300 ℃ for 4 hours or more.
Further, in the step S4, the first rolling reduction is controlled to be 20% to 60%, the subsequent single rolling reduction is controlled to be 20% to 30%, and the cumulative rolling reduction is 40% to 80%.
Further, in the step S5, the annealing temperature is 600 ℃, and when the temperature is maintained for 60min, the crystal grains of the steel plate layer are transformed into fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains along the rolling direction elongated fibrous structure, the structure is completely recrystallized, and the aluminum-steel interface bonding strength is optimal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material prepared by the direct step-by-step cold rolling method has excellent wear resistance and impact toughness; compared with the pure aluminum steel composite material prepared by the traditional explosion welding method, the friction welding method, the composite ingot hot rolling method and other methods, the process flow is simpler, the requirement on equipment is lower, the requirement on the controlled process parameters in the composite process is lower, and meanwhile, a certain amount of tin is added into aluminum to prepare the aluminum-tin alloy, so that the wear resistance of the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material can be improved to a great extent.
Generally, the wall thickness of the aluminum material is about 15-30mm through a drawing casting process, the aluminum-tin alloy layer is formed by casting and rolling the aluminum-tin alloy, the wall thickness of the casting and rolling is generally 5-10mm, the times of a subsequent rolling-annealing process can be reduced due to the small wall thickness, the efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the continuous casting and rolling has the following advantages
A. The equipment is simple and centralized, the time of aluminum water, casting treatment and plate strip hot rolling is shortened, multiple processes of casting, saw cutting, face milling, casting heating, cogging, hot rolling and the like are saved, the production process is simplified, the production period is shortened, the labor productivity is improved, and the automation degree is high;
B. the energy is saved, the consumption is reduced, the production line configuration of the continuous casting and rolling process is reasonable, the mechanism is compact, the operation is convenient, and the energy consumption of a series of procedures required by hot rolling is reduced;
C. the method has the advantages of less geometric waste materials such as crop ends and crop tails, high yield and low production cost;
D. because the thickness of the continuous cast-rolling strip is thinner, the strip can be directly cold-rolled after being cooled, and the electric energy and the heat energy consumed by a high-power hot rolling mill and cast ingot heating are saved;
E. the method has the advantages of less equipment investment, quick response, short investment recovery period, small occupied area and quick construction speed, and is suitable for the construction of small and medium-sized aluminum plate strip enterprises;
F. the continuous cast-rolled blank can completely replace a hot-rolled blank to be used for producing aluminum and aluminum alloy plates, strips and foils;
G. can use partial recovered waste as raw material, has low production cost and competitive price.
The aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is prepared by adopting a step-by-step cold rolling method, the metal proportion of the aluminum-tin alloy and the specification of the aluminum-tin alloy plate can be automatically adjusted when the aluminum-tin alloy plate is prepared at the front end, and other chemical components can be freely added into the aluminum-tin alloy plate, so that other technical requirements are met, and the requirements of different customers are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an Al-Sn alloy-steel composite material.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present patent will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, an al-sn alloy-steel composite includes a steel plate layer 1 and an al-sn alloy layer 2,
the thickness of the steel plate layer is 1-5mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-tin alloy layer is 0.3-1 mm;
the steel plate layer is made of iron-carbon alloy with the carbon content of 0.02-2.11%, the aluminum-tin alloy layer is made of aluminum-tin alloy through casting and rolling, and the casting and rolling wall thickness is 5-10 mm;
the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material can reduce the frequency of the subsequent rolling-annealing process and improve the efficiency, and because the strip blank of the continuously cast-rolled aluminum-tin alloy layer is thinner, the aluminum-tin alloy layer can be directly cold-rolled after being cooled, thereby saving the electric energy and the heat energy consumed by a high-power hot mill and cast ingot heating; meanwhile, the aluminum-tin alloy layer is prepared by adopting a casting and rolling process, the prepared aluminum-tin alloy layer is a continuous material belt, the aluminum alloy plate prepared by the traditional drawing and casting process is plate-shaped, and when the aluminum alloy plate is compounded with a steel plate layer, a plurality of discontinuous aluminum alloy plates are compounded on the steel plate layer, and compared with the aluminum alloy plate prepared by the traditional drawing and casting process, the aluminum alloy plate has the advantages of less geometrical waste materials such as head cutting, tail cutting and the like, high yield and low production cost;
the aluminum-tin alloy comprises 78-94% of aluminum as main components: (the density of aluminum is small in the metal, and is only 2.7g/cm3Meanwhile, the storage capacity is rich, the price is low, the electric conduction and the heat conduction are good, and although aluminum is soft, a compact aluminum oxide protective layer formed on the surface has good corrosion resistance and has certain wear resistance and impact toughness resistance at the same time); 3-20% of tin (tin is rich in luster, non-toxic, difficult to oxidize and discolor, strong in plasticity, capable of having various surface treatment processes, and simultaneously tin has good antifriction effect, and can greatly improve the wear resistance of the material when used in alloy); ni0.1-5% (nickel is magnetic and has good plasticity, and has good corrosion resistance, nickel is nearly silvery white, hard and malleable, it can be highly polished and corrosion resistant); 0.1-5% of copper (copper is used as a strengthening element and is added to improve the alloy strength); 0.1-5% of silicon (silicon is used as a second phase strengthening element, the alloy strength is improved after the silicon is added, Si atoms can occupy vacancies in an Fe-Al phase structure to hinder the movement of atoms, so that the thickness growth of an Fe-Al reaction layer is inhibited); 0.1-5% of manganese (manganese is used as a strengthening element and is added to improve the alloy strength); 0.1-5% of lead (lead improves the antifriction property and improves the wear resistance of the material);
further, the main component of the aluminum-tin alloy is 78-94% of aluminum; 3-20% of tin; ni0.1-5%; 0.1 to 5 percent of copper; 0.1 to 5 percent of silicon; 0.1 to 5 percent of manganese; 0.1 to 5 percent of lead.
A preparation method of an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material comprises the steps of taking a steel plate as a substrate, obtaining an aluminum-tin alloy plate with a certain proportion of components at the front end by a casting and rolling process, cleaning and polishing the two plates, and then carrying out cold rolling to obtain an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite plate; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding aluminum ingots, tin ingots and other metal components with a certain proportion of components into a smelting furnace, and heating to 700-900 ℃ to form liquid aluminum liquid;
specifically, a circular intermediate frequency smelting furnace is adopted for smelting, the melt temperature is 720-760 DEG CThe standing is carried out by adopting a resistance heating standing furnace, the refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, and H2The content is less than 0.10ml/100g aluminum, the crystal refiner is AL-Ti-B filament, and CCL is adopted for melt purification4A method combining refining and glass fiber cloth filtration;
s2, pouring the aluminum liquid, obtaining a plate with a corresponding wall thickness through a cast-rolling process, then carrying out re-rolling on the aluminum-tin alloy plate, and then annealing, wherein the aluminum liquid is reserved in a clean state;
specifically, the casting and rolling process parameters are as follows: the casting and rolling adopts a double-roller inclined casting and rolling machine phi 500 x 600mm, wherein the temperature of a melt in a front box is 690 and 705 ℃, the roll gap is 6.0-6.3mm, the length of a casting and rolling area is 40-45mm, the water pressure of cooling water is 0.5MPa, the water temperature is lower than 25 ℃, the casting and rolling speed is 0.8-0.90m/min, the whole system needs preheating treatment at 300 ℃ for more than 4 hours,
s3, uncoiling and leveling the steel strip surface in a clean state and environment, polishing the steel strip surface by an abrasive belt grinding process, and eliminating rolling defects on the steel strip surface, so that the steel strip surface is exposed to brand new metal essence, is clean and pollution-free, and has composite surface roughness Ra1.6-12.5 mu m; the non-composite surface roughness Ra of the steel strip is less than or equal to 0.63 mu m;
s4, cleaning, removing impurities and oil from the aluminum-tin alloy plate, polishing the surface layer of the aluminum-tin alloy plate by a steel wire brush wheel polishing process to obtain the treatment effects of refreshing the surface of the alloy strip, cleaning and no pollution, adjusting the rolling amount to be 40-80% and the rolling force to be 300-900t to obtain the rolled aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite plate, and spraying oil-based hot rolling oil during compounding;
specifically, the first rolling reduction is controlled to be between 20 and 60 percent, the subsequent single rolling reduction is controlled to be between 20 and 30 percent, the accumulated rolling reduction is 40 to 80 percent,
s5, performing diffusion annealing on the plate in a vacuum atmosphere at the annealing temperature of 200-600 ℃, and increasing the bonding force between the aluminum-tin alloy and the steel plate;
specifically, the aluminum-tin alloy and steel compounding process is a process of realizing mechanical combination by cracking of surface hardening layers of an aluminum-tin alloy layer and a steel plate layer and contacting and mutual occlusion of fresh metals, and annealing treatment can realize recrystallization recovery of the aluminum-tin alloy layer and the steel plate layer and mutual diffusion between interfaces of the aluminum-steel composite plate, so that the aluminum-steel composite plate is changed from mechanical occlusion under a cold rolling condition into metallurgical combination, and the combination strength of the aluminum-steel interface is improved;
the annealing temperature is 600 ℃, and when the temperature is kept for 600min, the crystal grains of the steel plate layer are converted into fine and equiaxial recrystallized crystal grains along the rolling direction elongated fiber structure, the structure is completely recrystallized, and the aluminum-steel interface bonding strength is optimal;
and S6, finally, finish rolling is carried out, the plate is rolled to the required wall thickness, the cooled aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is subjected to uncoiling, inspection, unqualified part marking, coiled belt stub bars, material edges, material tails and the like are removed, and the normalized aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is oiled and coiled into coils.
Further, the rolling mode is one of roll-wrapping asynchronous rolling, straightening asynchronous rolling, asynchronous constant extension rolling or single-machine asynchronous continuous rolling.
The frequency of the subsequent rolling-annealing process can be reduced, the efficiency is improved, and because the thickness of the continuously cast-rolled strip is thinner, the strip can be directly cold-rolled after being cooled, so that the electric energy and the heat energy consumed by a high-power hot rolling mill and ingot casting heating are saved; meanwhile, the aluminum-tin alloy layer is prepared by adopting a casting and rolling process, the prepared aluminum-tin alloy layer is a continuous material belt, the traditional aluminum alloy plate is prepared by adopting a drawing and casting process, the prepared aluminum alloy plate is plate-shaped, and when the aluminum alloy plate is compounded with a steel plate layer, a plurality of discontinuous aluminum alloy plates are compounded on the steel plate layer.
The invention provides an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material prepared by a direct step-by-step cold rolling method, which has excellent wear resistance and impact toughness and belongs to a new material in the field of composite plates; compared with the pure aluminum steel composite material prepared by the traditional explosion welding method, the friction welding method, the composite ingot hot rolling method and other methods, the process flow is simpler, the requirement on equipment is lower, the requirement on the controlled process parameters in the composite process is lower, and a certain amount of tin is added into aluminum to prepare the aluminum-tin alloy, so that the wear resistance of the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material can be improved to a great extent.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present patent have been described in detail, the present patent is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present patent within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. An aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material comprises a steel plate layer and an aluminum-tin alloy layer, and is characterized in that the thickness of the steel plate layer is 1-5mm, and the thickness of the aluminum-tin alloy layer is 0.3-1 mm; the steel plate layer is made of iron-carbon alloy with the carbon content of 0.02-2.11%, the aluminum-tin alloy layer is made of aluminum-tin alloy through casting and rolling, and the casting and rolling wall thickness is 5-10 mm.
2. An aluminium-tin alloy-steel composite material according to claim 1, characterised in that the aluminium-tin alloy comprises 78-94% aluminium as the main component; 3-20% of tin; ni0.1-5%; 0.1 to 5 percent of copper; 0.1 to 5 percent of silicon; 0.1 to 5 percent of manganese; 0.1 to 5 percent of lead.
3. A preparation method of an aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is characterized in that a steel plate is used as a base plate, an aluminum-tin alloy plate with a certain proportion of components is obtained at the front end of the base plate by a casting and rolling process, and then the two plates are cleaned, polished and rolled into the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material by cold rolling; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, adding aluminum ingots, tin ingots and other metal components in a certain proportion into a smelting furnace, and heating to 700-900 ℃ to obtain liquid aluminum-tin alloy liquid;
s2, pouring the aluminum-tin alloy liquid, performing a cast-rolling process to obtain a plate with a corresponding wall thickness, performing re-rolling on the aluminum-tin alloy plate, and annealing the aluminum-tin alloy plate for later use in a clean state;
specifically, the casting and rolling process parameters are as follows: the casting and rolling are performed by a double-roller casting and rolling machine phi 500 x 600mm, wherein the melt temperature in a front box is 690 and 705 ℃, the roll gap is 6.0-6.3mm, the length of a casting and rolling area is 40-45mm, the water pressure of cooling water is 0.5MPa, the water temperature is lower than 25 ℃, and the casting and rolling speed is 0.8-0.90 m/min.
S3, uncoiling and leveling the steel strip surface in a clean state and environment, polishing the steel strip surface by an abrasive belt grinding process, and eliminating rolling defects on the steel strip surface, so that the steel strip surface is exposed to brand new metal essence, is clean and pollution-free, and has composite surface roughness Ra1.6-12.5 mu m; the non-composite surface roughness Ra of the steel strip is less than or equal to 0.63 mu m;
s4, cleaning, removing impurities and oil from the aluminum-tin alloy plate, polishing the surface layer of the aluminum-tin alloy plate by a steel wire brush wheel polishing process to obtain the treatment effects of refreshing the surface of the alloy strip, cleaning and no pollution, adjusting the rolling amount to be 40-80% and the rolling force to be 300-900t to obtain the rolled aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite plate, and spraying oil-based hot rolling oil during compounding;
s5, performing diffusion annealing on the plate in a vacuum atmosphere at the annealing temperature of 200-600 ℃, and increasing the bonding force between the aluminum-tin alloy and the steel plate;
specifically, the aluminum-tin alloy and steel compounding process is a process of realizing mechanical combination by cracking of surface hardening layers of an aluminum-tin alloy layer and a steel plate layer and contacting and mutual occlusion of fresh metals, and annealing treatment can realize recrystallization recovery of the aluminum-tin alloy layer and the steel plate layer and mutual diffusion between interfaces of the aluminum-steel composite plate, so that the aluminum-steel composite plate is changed from mechanical occlusion under a cold rolling condition into metallurgical combination, and the combination strength of the aluminum-steel interface is improved;
and S6, finally, finish rolling is carried out, the plate is rolled to the required wall thickness, the cooled aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is subjected to uncoiling, inspection, unqualified part marking, coiled belt stub bars, material edges, material tails and the like are removed, and the normalized aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material is oiled and coiled into coils.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rolling mode is one of roll-covering asynchronous rolling, straightening asynchronous rolling, asynchronous constant elongation rolling or single-machine asynchronous continuous rolling.
5. An Al-Sn alloy-steel composite material as claimed in claim 3The preparation method is characterized in that in the step S1, a circular intermediate frequency smelting furnace is adopted for smelting, the melt temperature is 720-760 ℃, a resistance heating standing furnace is adopted for standing, the refining temperature is 720-740 ℃, and H is H2The content is less than 0.10ml/100g of aluminum.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein the crystal refiner in step S1 is Al-Ti-B wire, and CCL is used for melt purification4Refining and glass fiber cloth filtering are combined.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the entire system is preheated at 300 ℃ for 4 hours or more in step S2.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum-tin alloy-steel composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the rolling reduction of the first pass in the step S4 is controlled to be 20% -60%, the rolling reduction of the subsequent single pass is controlled to be 20% -30%, and the cumulative rolling reduction is 40-80%.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein the annealing temperature in step S5 is 600 ℃, and the temperature is maintained for 600min, so that the crystal grains of the steel plate layer are transformed into fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains along the rolling direction elongated fibrous structure, the structure is completely recrystallized, and the aluminum-steel interface bonding strength is optimal.
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