CN1747805B - 用于不同类型去屑加工的刀具 - Google Patents

用于不同类型去屑加工的刀具 Download PDF

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CN1747805B
CN1747805B CN2004800035857A CN200480003585A CN1747805B CN 1747805 B CN1747805 B CN 1747805B CN 2004800035857 A CN2004800035857 A CN 2004800035857A CN 200480003585 A CN200480003585 A CN 200480003585A CN 1747805 B CN1747805 B CN 1747805B
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cutter
cutting tip
cutting
chip pocket
tool
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CN1747805A (zh
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弗朗茨·平格
布拉休斯·瑞西莱特
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Sandvik Intellectual Property AB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • B23C5/109Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft with removable cutting inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B29/00Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
    • B23B29/24Tool holders for a plurality of cutting tools, e.g. turrets
    • B23B29/242Turrets, without description of the angular positioning device
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/20Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with removable cutter bits or teeth or cutting inserts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/51Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5147Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling including composite tool
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1902Gang
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1906Rotary cutting tool including holder [i.e., head] having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/1908Face or end mill
    • Y10T407/1924Specified tool shape
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/195Compound tooth arrangement
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/19Rotary cutting tool
    • Y10T407/1952Having peripherally spaced teeth
    • Y10T407/196Varying in cutting edge profile
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T407/00Cutters, for shaping
    • Y10T407/22Cutters, for shaping including holder having seat for inserted tool
    • Y10T407/2222Tool adjustable relative to holder
    • Y10T407/2248Pivoted tool
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00Turning
    • Y10T82/10Process of turning
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00Turning
    • Y10T82/25Lathe
    • Y10T82/2508Lathe with tool turret

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Scissors And Nippers (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Ticket-Dispensing Machines (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于去屑加工的刀具,该刀具包括具有用于容纳可更换切削刀片(5,7A-7C)的切削刀片底座的刀夹(1)以及用于容纳在机床中的紧固部分(9),该刀夹(1)具有至少一个去屑槽(10),其中设置有两个可更换切削刀片(5,7A-7C),所述切削刀片(5,7A-7C)用于不同类型的加工并且其工作表面彼此相对。根据本发明的刀具其特征在于所有切削刀片(5,7A-7C;105,107A-107D)均沿刀夹(1;101)的周边设置,并且位于去屑槽(10;110)中的第一切削刀片(5;105)沿刀具径向方向的径向最外部分设置在位于该去屑槽(10;110)中的第二切削刀片(7A;107A)的径向最外部分的外侧(R1>R2)。

Description

用于不同类型去屑加工的刀具
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于去屑加工的刀具,该刀具包括具有用于容纳可更换的切削刀片的切削刀片底座的刀夹以及用于容纳在机床中的紧固部分,该刀具具有至少一个去屑槽,其中设置有两个可更换的切削刀片,所述切削刀片用于执行不同类型的加工并且具有彼此相对的工作表面。根据本发明的刀具优选用于金属加工。
背景技术
DE 37 33 298 C2公开了一种用于去屑加工的组合刀具,其根据一种实施方式该组合刀具在同一个去屑槽中具有两个可转位的刀片,所述切削刀片设置成沿着刀具的周边方向相互分开。其中一个切削刀片为中心切削刀片而第二个切削刀片为周边刀片。利用所述组合刀具,可以进行不同类型的去屑加工,例如车削、铣削和钻削。
EP 1 186 367 A1公开了一种用来进行车削和铣削的刀具。对设置在刀具上的切削刀片应该进行的加工类型并没有进行明确的区分,同样的切削刀片例如可以用于铣削和车削两种加工类型。而且,设置在去屑槽中的两个切削刀片用于车削。
发明内容
本发明的一个主要目的在于提供一种用于上面所述类型的去屑加工刀具,该刀具在进行去屑加工时用于执行多种不同的加工操作,例如铣削和车削。
本发明的另一个目的在于对可更换的切削刀片进行设置以使得它们在执行不同类型的去屑加工时不互相干扰。
本发明提出一种用于去屑加工的刀具,该刀具包括具有用于容纳可更换的切削刀片的切削刀片底座的刀夹以及用于容纳在机床中的紧固部分,该刀夹具有至少一个去屑槽,其中设置有两个可更换的切削刀片,所述切削刀片用于不同类型的加工并且具有彼此相对的工作表面,其特征在于,该刀夹具有至少一个去屑槽,并且位于该去屑槽中的第一切削刀片沿刀具径向方向的径向最外部分设置在位于该去屑槽中的第二切削刀片的径向最外部分的外侧(R1>R2),且该第一切削刀片是相同的。
附图说明
下面参考附图描述本发明的实施例,其中:
图1示出根据本发明的刀具的第一实施例的立体图;
图2示出根据图1的刀具的前视图;
图3示出根据图1的刀具与工件相接合时的侧视图;
图4示出根据本发明的刀具的另一种可选实施例的立体图;
图5示出根据图4的刀具的前视图。
具体实施方式
示于图1-3的根据本发明的刀具包括刀夹1,其具有多个用于接收可更换的切削刀片5和7A-7C的切削刀片底座,以及与该刀夹1结合成一体并且用于容纳在机床中的紧固部分9。该紧固部分9在其自由端部可设置有例如商标名称为CAPTOR的连接器。该连接器适当地以如此方式形成,使得其在机床中是可定向的,即,其应当仅可能以如此方式安装到机床中以使得刀具的定向成为已知的。
切削刀片5和7A-7C以适当的方式固定在其各自的切削刀片底座中,在所示的实施例中,利用中心螺丝固定切削刀片5并且利用中心螺丝和杠杆系统固定切削刀片7A-7C。根据本发明的刀具优选用于进行金属加工。
如图1和2所示,刀夹装有四个铣削刀片5以及三个车削刀片7A-7C。这些车削刀片具有各自的附图标记7A、7B和7C的原因在于所述刀片具有不同的类型,刀片7A用于螺纹加工,刀片7B用于精加工而刀片7C用于粗加工。除了一个铣削刀片5,其余的刀片5和7A-7C成对地分组使得成对的刀片5和7A-7C设置在同一个去屑槽10中,在共同的去屑槽10中,成对的刀片5和7A-7C其工作表面彼此相对。术语“工作表面”应该理解为各个刀片的具有切屑成形件的表面,其中,例如,对于可转位的刀片可具有两个这样的表面。
当根据图1-3的刀具用于铣削时,为了使车削刀片7A-7C不影响铣削刀片5,该铣削刀片5沿着轴向延伸超过车削刀片7A-7C,刀具的轴向方向由刀具的中心线CL限定。在图3中,示出设置在共同的去屑槽中的两个刀片5和7A沿轴向延伸情况的差别,图3中的所述差别用δ表示。作为示例性的而非限制性的目的,通常δ在0.2mm<δ<1mm的范围内。为同一目的,位于车削刀片7A-7C上沿径向的最远点比位于铣削刀片5上沿径向的最远点更加靠近刀具的中心线CL。在图2中,对于车削刀片7C该点与刀具的中心线CL之间的距离用R2表示,而对于铣削刀片5相应的距离用R1表示。在这方面,关系R1>R2应该成立。作为示例性的而非限制性的目的,通常距离R1-R2在0.2mm<R1-R2<2mm的范围内。
在图2中可看出,车削刀片7A-7C的切削刃11设置在相对于第一参考线L1的一定距离处,该参考线L1通过刀具的旋转中心,刀具的旋转轴线CL位于该旋转中心中,在图2中所述旋转轴线CL垂直于纸面延伸。刀片7A的切削刃11A位于距第一参考线L1距离为a的位置处,并且刀片7B的切削刃11B位于距第一参考线L1距离为b的位置处。该距离a和b在图2的纸面中进行测量。
图3示出根据本发明的刀具如何对工件A进行加工的情况,更确切地说,示出车削刀片7B如何加工工件A的情况。在这方面,应该指出如图3所示在对刀具施压时,即刀片7A和7B加工工件A时,第一参考线L1应该与工件的中心轴线/旋转轴线CL1平行。这是必须的,以便使得刀片7A和7B的切削刃11A和11B分别就例如断屑和间隙等方面应当获得相对于工件A的正确定向。在图3所示的情形中,第一参考线L1相对于工件的旋转轴线CL1横向的偏移距离为b,第一参考线L1的位移发生在基本形成图2和图3所示刀具前表面的平面内。
因此,如上所述并且如图2和3所示,切削刃11A位于距第一参考线L1的距离为a的位置处,而切削刃11B位于距第一参考线L1的距离为b的位置处。由此切削刃11A、11B位于第一参考线L1的两侧。如此进行布置以便使得当车削刀片7B对工件A进行加工时车削刀片7A不会影响工件A。这意味着切削刃11A和11B位于在彼此相距a+b的距离处,如图3所示。因此,可以确保当车削刀片7B对工件A进行去屑加工时车削刀片7A不会影响工件A。在图3中,刀片7A相对于工件A的“间隙”/安全范围用c表示。
下面,进行的推导说明,位移a计算为间隙c的函数。此时,假设a=b。
Figure B2004800035857D00041
a=偏移量(mm)总偏移量=2a
r=工件的半径(mm)
c=安全范围(mm)
由勾股定理可得:r2+(2a)2=(r+c)2→r2+4a2=r2+c2+2rc
两边消去r2并且用4除。然后求出所得表达式的根,并得到如下
a = r × c 2 + c 2 4
关系:
令c=0.2mm,则得到
因此根据上面的推导得到将位移a定义成工件半径的函数的关系,其中可以选择不同的间隙/安全范围c。
a = r 10 + 1 100
在图4和5中,示出根据本发明的一种可选的刀具,其设置有八个刀片,更确切地说,四个铣削刀片105和四个车削刀片107A-107D。根据其所应该执行的加工类型,该车削刀片107A-107D可具有不同的类型。
由于铣削刀片105的数目与车削刀片107A-107D的数目相等,根据图4和5的实施例中的所有刀片均成对地进行分组,即一个铣削刀片105与一个车削刀片107A-107D配置在同一个刀片槽110中。
相应地,如在根据1-3的实施例中,沿着直径方向相对的车削刀片彼此相对地位移使得当它们处于非工作位置时并不以不合理的方式影响工件。如在图5中最为清楚显示的,其中位于所示刀具上的车削刀片107A和107B相对于第一参考线L1位移一定的距离。更确切地说,刀片107A位于距第一参考线L1的距离为a的位置处,而切削刃107B位于距第一参考线L1的距离为b的位置处。刀片107A和107B位于第一参考线L1的两侧。而且,沿直径方向设置的刀片107C和107D也相应地位于距第二参考线L2一定的距离处,刀片107C位于距在距离为c的位置处,而刀片107D位于距在距离为d的位置处。刀片107C和107D位于第二参考线L2的两侧。至于参考线L2在刀具转位即例如将刀片107C压靠在工件上时的定向,在描述图3时关于参考线L1所述内容对其同样成立。
同样,对于刀片105、107A-107D相对于刀具中心线沿径向的定向,对于上述实施例所述的关系同样成立,即R1>R2。
在所附权利要求中进行如下限定,即某些刀片用于铣削而某些刀片用于车削。这应当这样理解,即所述的刀片分别形成为主要用于铣削和车削。然而,例如在某些条件下,主要用于铣削的刀片还可用于车削,对此并未进行限制。
一般来说,根据本发明的刀具,为使用者提供了一种可能性,即使用同一个刀具可以进行多种不同类型的去屑加工操作。
在上述实施例中,沿直径方向设置的车削刀片7A,7B;107A,107B;107C,107D位于距共同的参考线L1;L2一定的距离处,这些刀片位于参考线的两侧。这种实施例给出令人满意的安全性从而非工作刀片将不影响工件A。但是,原则上其中一个刀片位于距共同的参考线L1;L1,L2一定的距离处是足够的。本文中所感兴趣的方面在于沿直径方向相对的刀片之间的相互距离,即a+b;a+b或者c+d。当然,可理解的是,如果b充分大以使得非工作刀片不影响工件A,则a例如可以是零。
附图标记列表
1;101        工具端头
5;105        可更换切削刀片
7A-7C;
107A-107D      可更换切削刀片
9;109         紧固部分
10;110        去屑槽
11A,11B;
111A-111C      切削刃
CL             中心线
CL1            旋转轴线
L1             第一参考线
L2             第二参考线
R1             第一径向距离
R2             第二径向距离

Claims (5)

1.用于去屑加工的刀具,该刀具包括具有用于容纳可更换的切削刀片(5,7A-7C;105,107A-107D)的切削刀片底座的刀夹(1;101)以及用于容纳在机床中的紧固部分(9;109),该刀夹(1;101)具有至少一个去屑槽(10;110),其中设置有两个可更换的切削刀片(5,7A-7C;105,107A-107D),所述两个可更换的切削刀片为第一切削刀片和第二切削刀片,所述切削刀片(5,7A-7C;105,107A-107D)用于不同类型的加工并且具有彼此相对的工作表面,其特征在于,该刀夹(1;101)具有至少一个去屑槽(10;110),并且位于该去屑槽(10;110)中的第一切削刀片(5;105)沿刀具径向方向的径向最外部分设置在位于该去屑槽(10;110)中的第二切削刀片(7A;107A)的径向最外部分的外侧,且在去屑槽的数目多于一个的情形下位于各个去屑槽中的该第一切削刀片(5;105)是相同的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刀具,其特征在于,该第一切削刀片(5;105)沿刀具轴向方向伸出超过第二切削刀片(7A;107A)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的刀具,其特征在于,该切削刀片(5,7A-7C;105,107A-107D)的工作切削刃设置为与刀夹(1;101)的周边相连接。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的刀具,其特征在于,该第一切削刀片(5;105)用于旋转加工,并且第二切削刀片(7A;107A)用于车削。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的刀具,其特征在于,该刀具具有至少两个沿直径方向设置在刀夹(1;101)上的去屑槽(10;110)。
CN2004800035857A 2003-02-06 2004-02-05 用于不同类型去屑加工的刀具 Expired - Fee Related CN1747805B (zh)

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WO2004069455A1 (en) 2004-08-19
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CN1747805A (zh) 2006-03-15
DE602004027601D1 (de) 2010-07-22
KR101037880B1 (ko) 2011-05-31
US7121176B2 (en) 2006-10-17
KR20050123093A (ko) 2005-12-29
EP1590117A1 (en) 2005-11-02
ATE470523T1 (de) 2010-06-15
SE0300296D0 (sv) 2003-02-06
JP2006517153A (ja) 2006-07-20
US20040177491A1 (en) 2004-09-16

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