CN1742144A - 防护壁板组件 - Google Patents

防护壁板组件 Download PDF

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CN1742144A
CN1742144A CNA2004800025639A CN200480002563A CN1742144A CN 1742144 A CN1742144 A CN 1742144A CN A2004800025639 A CNA2004800025639 A CN A2004800025639A CN 200480002563 A CN200480002563 A CN 200480002563A CN 1742144 A CN1742144 A CN 1742144A
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J·A·汉克斯
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/541—Joints substantially without separate connecting elements, e.g. jointing by inter-engagement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/64—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B1/6108—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together
    • E04B1/6116—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the frontal surfaces of the slabs connected together by locking means on lateral surfaces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/61—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other
    • E04B2001/6195—Connections for building structures in general of slab-shaped building elements with each other the slabs being connected at an angle, e.g. forming a corner
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather

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  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
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  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Abstract

一种特别适用于防护，以防风吹碎片或爆炸的壁板组件，它包括连接相邻板之间的气隙的弯曲带条，该弯曲带条能够由于突然的外力而弯曲。

Description

防护壁板组件
                       技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于防护壁板组装的方法，该方法使用弯曲带条接头以提供改善的对冲击载荷的抵抗，冲击载荷诸如是由严重的暴风雨事件和爆炸冲击所产生的。
                       发明背景
暴风雨和爆炸的掩体必须为老百姓提供防护，防止在易于产生龙卷风或飓风地区的强烈的暴风雨的袭击或者提供防爆炸事件的军事防护。在业内已知，防护壁和建筑物的设计采取不同的型式。为严重暴风雨事件提出的防护壁设计在由联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA)拟定的各种报告中有详述。用于抵御爆炸的掩体的各种壁的设计在专利技术中详述。
在“获取防暴风雨掩体”(FEMA出版物320)和“社区掩体设计与建筑指南”(FEMA出版物361)中描述了抗产生风力和碎片冲击的龙卷风的壁和建筑物的结构设计。其它设计的抗风力冲击的壁在2000年5月31日由Clemson大学向联邦紧急事务管理局(FEMA)呈送的题为“对强烈暴风雨的增强防护”的报告中详述。尽管这些设计不满足龙卷风冲击的规范，但它们的确对不太强烈的暴风雨提供增强的防护。
美国专利3994105、4143501、4566237、4691483、4748790、4937125的每一个详述了抗爆炸和子弹的壁和建筑物的某些不同型式。
许多这些建造的壁系统提供了生产模块壁系统的能力，这些壁系统继而在使用现场被装配。当使用这种模块方法时，可以期望一种简单的现场接头，它能够容易地装配、提供结构的负荷传递、还提供抗冲击能力。
在业内众所周知，如果在冲击的方向上制造一定的柔性，则这种柔性将改善整个的抗冲击能力。在业内具有这种柔性的各种壁的设计必须以这样一种方式连接在一起，即，不要限制这些壁系统的运动，特别是在连接点的附近。在接头附近最关键，在那里壁在角落处彼此紧靠，或者在其它非平面接头附近，在那里一面壁可以基本上限制其它运动。
很需要有一种组装抗风和爆炸的防护壁系统的方法，它提供壁段之间的改善的柔性。特别需要有一种非平面壁段之间的、容易在现场装配且提供改善的柔性的接头。
                       发明概述
本发明针对特别适用于防护，抵抗风吹的碎片或爆炸的冲击的壁板的组装，它包括：
(a)至少两个彼此以非平面的方位放置的壁板，其中在二相邻壁板之间有一空气间隙；
(b)至少一个弯曲带条跨在二相邻壁板的空气间隙上
其中该弯曲带条被刚性地连接到相邻的壁板上，以及
其中该弯曲带条由于壁板上的外力能够弯曲，外力诸如是来自由风吹的碎片或爆炸冲击造成的冲击。
                       附图简述
图1是例1的掩体系统的示意图。
图2是由例1的弯曲带条固定连接的壁位置的示意图。
                       发明详述
在本发明中，需要采用能耐受由诸如来自爆炸的风吹的碎片等突然冲击产生的力的至少一个壁板。壁板的型式是多样的且可以由金属，如钢，木材或几种不同材料的复合体构成。虽然典型地壁由于冲击将损坏，但是该壁的目的是保持其整体性以保护建筑物的房间内的人。虽然能采用仅一个抗冲击的壁板以防止外力，但是更理想的是为了更大的防护而采用两相邻的壁板以具有抗冲击能力。
来自壁板的防护取决于其构造。较大的对力的耐受能力将转而提供较大的防护。用以确定抗冲击能力的试验程序的一个例子是ASTM程序E 1886-97。示例性地，采用一个33磅(15公斤)2×4的木材抛射体冲击壁。壁耐受抛射体速度的能力是确定其抵抗能力的量度。理想的抵抗能力是在161公里(100英里)每小时的冲击速度。小的抵抗能力是在80或90英里每小时以上的冲击速度下破坏。
在类似的根据ASTM程序E 1886-97以确定抵抗能力的型式中可以使用为获得对由爆炸产生的力的要求抵抗能力的试验程序以确定要采用的壁板的类型。
在2001年10月15日提出的美国专利申请09/977648和2002年12月3日提出的10/308 492中描述了适合于风吹碎片的壁结构，通过参考结合于此。结构的一个例子是复合体，依次包括如下：
(a)具有不大于0.10克/厘米3的密度的材料层，
(b)包含用树酯粘结的纤维的纤维层，和
(c)一层结构护套。
壁组件的结构的一必需部分是使用带条以连接相邻壁板。此处使用的术语“带条”意味着带或板，用以将一物体保持在一固定的位置上。虽然带条可以是金属结构的，如钢或铝，但其它材料也适用，如塑料或不同材料的复合体。
带条被刚性地连接到相邻壁板并保持该壁板在适当位置。但是，该带条能因作用到壁板上的力而弯曲。可以完全理解，带条的弯曲的大小将由其末端的使用来确定。示例性地，对冲击较大抵抗能力的需求将确定对弯曲的较大抵抗能力。同样，带条弯曲的大小将由连接相邻壁板的带条的数目来确定。带条的数目越大，对弯曲的抵抗能力的需求就越小。
为说明的目的，单一带条和的双带条二者均适合。对于金属带条一个合适厚度的例子是从0.06英寸(1.5毫米)到0.375英寸(9.5毫米)，诸如0.075英寸(0.19毫米)到0.150英寸(3.8毫米)。
虽然可以仅在内或外壁部分采用带条，但是最好在内和外壁上有单独的带条以连接相邻壁板。如所使用的术语“内”意味着彼此面对的壁部分，诸如形成房间内部的壁。术语“外”意味着彼此不面对的壁的部分，诸如形成房间外部的壁。带条或多个带条连接呈非平面方位的壁，也就是壁相互成一角度。为了说明的目的，大多数壁成90°角被结合。两壁彼此结合的一个例子是在从30°到120°角的范围内。同样，一般在相邻壁之间有一空气隙，因为如果壁在那里接触则可能在一突然的冲击下带条不可能适当地弯曲。典型的空气隙考虑是至少3毫米(0.125英寸)。在一优选结构中能耐受突然冲击的壁是用连接相邻壁的内和外壁表面上的带条被连接到两相邻壁上。
上述内容中，已经结合对突然冲击(如来自风吹碎片和爆炸)的抵御及防护，描述了使用带条的壁组件的组合。但是不必须具有这种抵抗能力的壁也在本发明的范围以内。因此，可以将具有这种抵抗能力的壁板用到过度突然冲击上。而该带条在作用到一个壁板上的最小力下具有弯曲的能力。
为进一步说明本发明提供以下例子。
                        例1
如图1所示，由制造的壁和顶板组装成的具有外部尺寸为长115英寸、宽64英寸、高94英寸一掩体系统，该壁和顶板设计成保护居住者免受由龙卷风产生的风刮碎片的袭击。使用了五块壁板和一个模块门单元，该门的每一块为宽48英寸、88英寸高。两块48英寸宽、48英寸长的天花板用作房顶。生产板依次使用物品：一层3/4英寸的层板，接下来是11/2英寸厚的钢增强扩展聚苯乙烯芯子，其密度为1磅/英尺3(0.016克/厘米3)，再接下来是由三层13盎司/码2的芳香族聚酰胺布用聚乙烯共聚合物树酯粘结在一起的层叠纤维，接下来是1/2英寸的层板。芯子内的钢增强件是这样制成的，在16英寸中心距上有24号2×4普通金属的结构销，它平放在板的每个面上。如在美国专利4241555中描述的，在发泡工艺过程中添加增强件。材料的各层被使用动力驱动的滚花钉子在板的每个面上绕3英寸中心距的圆周并沿整个范围销钉在6英寸中心距上驱动而紧固结合在一起。
如图2所示装配该板，使用2个11号(0.12英寸厚)薄板金属支架，该支架在两处弯成45°角以产生为装配矩形掩体所要求的90°角连接。1/2英寸层板的表面定向成朝外。使用3个直径为3/8英寸的螺栓将每个板的边缘紧固到金属板连接件上。任何被连接的相邻两板的角落之间有3/8英寸的间隔。
使用一个15公斤2×4(英寸)木材抛射体以100英里/时的速度在几个位置冲击该掩体，以得到满足“Windborne Missile ImpactResistance on Shelter Wall and Ceiling”的能力，它是对龙卷风掩体的国家实施标准的规定，1999年5月28日FEMA提出的第一补充。根据ASTM E 1886-97进行炮筒布置与发射。
对准掩体发射的所有抛射体由于经过它而停止，如FEMA规定所要求的，同时该抛射体被反弹回来。在作用过程中拍的高速摄影照片表明接头在冲击时间向内弯曲，有助于吸收来自抛射体的部分能量。在背侧的层板层表明，在冲击点的周围仅有很小的裂纹。认为该掩体组件符合对龙卷风掩体的国家实施标准的规定。

Claims (17)

1.一种壁板组件包括：
(a)至少两块彼此呈非平面方位放置的壁板，其中两相邻壁板之间有一空气间隙；
(b)至少一个弯曲带条跨在两相邻壁板之间的空气间隙上
其中该弯曲带条刚性地连接到两相邻壁板上，以及
其中该弯曲带条由于作用在壁板上的力能够弯曲。
2.权利要求1的组件，用单独的带条连接相邻两壁板的内和外表面。
3.权利要求1的组件，用单独的带条将一个壁板连接到两个壁板。
4.权利要求1的组件，其中带条包括带。
5.权利要求1的组件，其中带条包括板。
6.权利要求1的组件，其中带条包括金属。
7.权利要求6的组件，其中带条包括钢。
8.权利要求6的组件，其中带条包括铝。
9.权利要求1的组件，其中带条包括复合体。
10.权利要求1的组件，其中两壁板以相互30°至120°之间的角度放置。
11.权利要求1的组件，其中连接的两壁板之间具有至少0.125英寸(3毫米)的间隙。
12.权利要求1的组件，其中使用单一金属带条。
13.权利要求1的组件，其中使用双金属带条。
14.权利要求1的组件，其中带条在0.075英寸(0.19毫米)和0.150英寸(3.8毫米)之间。
15.权利要求1的组件，其中一块壁板依次包括如下：
(a)具有不大于0.10克/厘米3的密度的一材料层，
(b)包含以树酯粘结的纤维的纤维层，
(c)一层结构护套。
其中当根据ASTM试验程序E1886-97由-33公斤(15磅)的抛射体以161公里(100英里)/小时的速度冲击所述安装在一刚性框架上的复合体时纤维层将在5.0至17.5厘米的范围中挠曲。
16.权利要求1的组件，其中带条能够由于来自风吹的碎片或爆炸的外力而弯曲。
17.权利要求16的组件，其中带条能够由于100英里/小时的风速的碎片而弯曲。
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JP2006515654A (ja) 2006-06-01
US20040177568A1 (en) 2004-09-16
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KR20050103471A (ko) 2005-10-31

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