US20100162929A1 - Reconfigurable blast resistant building - Google Patents
Reconfigurable blast resistant building Download PDFInfo
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- US20100162929A1 US20100162929A1 US12/644,570 US64457009A US2010162929A1 US 20100162929 A1 US20100162929 A1 US 20100162929A1 US 64457009 A US64457009 A US 64457009A US 2010162929 A1 US2010162929 A1 US 2010162929A1
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- panel
- blast
- building
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
- E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
- E04B1/3483—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
- E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to blast resistant buildings.
- Blast resistant buildings are known in the art for providing protection to personnel working in an explosively hazardous area.
- such buildings have been constructed of steel and/or concrete and have been designed for permanent placement at a specific site.
- industries such as the petroleum or chemical processing industry, as well as in mining and in other industries, there are often construction projects and other turnaround operations that require the temporary placement of a blast resistant building in an area that has the potential for blast overpressure. Therefore, portable blast resistant buildings have been designed specifically for temporary placement at such locations.
- These buildings are typically designed to comply with recommended practices such as those specified in API RP 752 and API RP 753.
- the buildings are usually the size and shape of a trailer and are therefore suitably sized for shipment to their destined location.
- Portable blast resistant buildings currently available are factory assembled by permanently welding steel panels together to form a self-contained unit. This unit is then shipped as a completed or near-finished product to its destined location. Whilst such a design allows for relatively quick field installation and occupancy shortly after arriving at its destined location, due to the permanent welded construction, the layout of the building cannot be reconfigured or modified. For example, the location of blast resistant doors and inner walls may not be moved after the building is assembled. Therefore, such buildings are unable to be customized on site for a particular application. If a new configuration of a building is required, for example, for a new operation or for a new phase in the construction, the current building cannot be reconfigured to suit this application. Instead, a new building is assembled and shipped from the factory, which is both time consuming and expensive.
- Such a structure allows the building to be customizably assembled on site and/or allows the building to be reconfigured to meet the needs of a new application, while at the same time remaining blast resistant due to the provision of the overlapping nested removable panels and the permanent shear walls.
- a panel for a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising a blast-resistant body having a front wall and a pair of side walls.
- One of the pair of side walls has an outwardly directed flange, and the other of the pair of side walls has an inwardly directed flange for abutting against an outwardly directed flange of an adjacent panel.
- a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising permanent shear walls stationed at opposite ends of the building for providing support to the building. Panels of the type described above are placed in seriatim between the shear walls.
- a blast resistant wall for a blast resistant building comprising panels of the type described above placed in seriatim.
- kit for constructing a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising shear walls permanently fixed to upper and lower structural beams, and panels of the type described above for placement in seriatim between the shear walls.
- FIG. 3 is a side view of the building of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 4 is a floor plan of the building of FIG. 1 ;
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a single shear wall unit
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a single intermediate panel
- FIG. 8 is a partially exploded perspective view showing the connection between an intermediate panel and a supporting I-beam
- FIG. 9 is a partially exploded perspective view showing the connection between a shear wall unit and a supporting I-beam
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing two buildings stacked to form a two story unit.
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view of building 2 at a horizontal plane indicated by section line A-A on FIG. 1 .
- FIGS. 2( b ) to 2 ( h ) show enlarged details of those areas indicated in FIG. 2( a ).
- FIG. 2( b ) adjacent shear wall units 6 are shown connected together.
- a perspective view of a portion of a single shear wall unit 6 is shown in FIG. 6 .
- Each shear wall unit 6 comprises a panel 200 with channels 216 welded to the vertical edges of each panel 200 .
- Angle iron reinforcing members 212 a and 212 b are also welded to panel 200 in order to provide additional reinforcement against a blast pressure wave.
- Adjacent shear wall units 6 are connected together using a plurality of bolts 218 that pass through the web of the channels 216 .
- Each panel 200 is offset from the ends of channels 216 by a distance l 1 so that the panel overhangs the channel along one edge and is inset from the channel 216 by a distance l 1 along the opposite edge. Therefore, when two adjacent units are bolted together via bolts 218 , joint 217 is covered by a panel 200 .
- one channel 216 from each unit 6 is removed and an arrangement 204 of three angle irons is used as a connecting member.
- One angle iron is welded to each panel 200 with a leg extending inwardly from the panel 200 .
- a third angle iron connects the two orthogonal legs via bolts 206 .
- Protective seals 208 are welded over joints 210 .
- the channels 216 on units 6 conveniently provide a simple interface for detachably attaching an intermediate panel 10 or interfacing with a door opening 12 .
- FIG. 2( d ) shows the interface between a channel 216 and the right edge of door opening 12 .
- a suitable blast-resistant door typically includes a frame comprising rectangular steel tubing 13 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 2( d )). The steel tubing 13 is bolted to upper and lower hoops 15 and abuts against channel 216 at interface 231 . Conveniently, due to offset l 1 , panel 200 extends over abutting interface 231 between channel 216 and steel tubing 13 , as shown in FIG. 2( d ). Alternatively, when shear wall unit 6 interfaces with the left edge of a door opening, a flange (not shown) is bolted or welded to channel 216 to extend over abutting interface 231 .
- the shear walls 4 are permanently fixed to the hoops 15 to provide structural support to building 2 .
- the shear walls 4 may be permanently fixed to hoops 15 by welded joints or by bolts, as described in more detail below.
- intermediate panels 10 are detachably attached to each other and to hoops 15 and therefore easily removed and rearranged.
- Adjacent intermediate panels 10 are shown detachably connected together in FIG. 2( e ).
- a perspective view of single intermediate panel 10 is shown in FIG. 7 .
- Panel 10 is preferably made from steel and comprises a front wall 20 and two side walls 22 and 24 . Extending from side wall 22 is inwardly directed flange 26 and extending from side wall 24 is outwardly directed flange 28 .
- Inwardly directed flange 26 is spaced closer to front wall 20 by length l 2 , which is substantially equal to the thickness of outwardly directed flange 28 , in order to allow flange 26 to snugly nest against flange 28 of adjacent panel 10 while keeping the front walls 20 of adjacent panels 10 flush.
- Bolts 30 detachably join nested flange 26 to adjacent flange 28 . Although not usually necessary, bolts may also join adjacent panels 10 along joint 32 .
- the nesting of flange 26 against flange 28 ensures that joint 32 is covered and that the inside of building 2 is not directly exposed to a blast force. Therefore, when a pressure wave from an explosion reaches building 2 , the pressure wave is unable to penetrate between adjacent panels 10 and undermine the protection provided by the steel panel structure.
- the nesting flanges 26 and 28 provide a seal between adjacent panels 10 . By having such a structure, adjacent panels 10 may be detachably attached using simple mechanical fasteners such as bolts 30 while at the same time form the seal necessary between adjacent panels 10 to maintain the blast resistant properties of the building.
- FIG. 2( f ) shows the interface between intermediate panel 10 and the right edge of a door opening 12 .
- the steel tubing 13 of the frame of the blast resistant door is bolted to upper and lower hoops 15 and abuts against sidewall 22 at interface 233 .
- a flange 222 is attached to front wall 20 of intermediate panel 10 and projects over and covers abutting interface 233 thereby preventing the inside of building 2 from being directly exposed to a blast force.
- a modified panel 10 a is utilized for interfacing with the left edge of a door opening 12 , as shown in FIG. 2( g ).
- Panel 10 a differs slightly from panel 10 shown in FIG. 2( e ) in order to interface with door opening 12 .
- outwardly directed flange 28 is absent from panel 10 a, but is replaced with an inwardly directed flange 26 a.
- the steel tubing 13 of the frame of the blast resistant door may then abut against sidewall 24 at interface 235 .
- Flange 222 covers abutting interface 235 .
- Bolts 304 connect plate 303 to I-beam 16 .
- the shear wall units 6 are permanently fixed to hoop 15 . This may be facilitated by covering bolts 304 or using tamper-proof bolts. It is also contemplated that plate 303 may instead be welded to I-beam 16 .
- Upper hoop 15 also provides an upper peripheral frame to support roof panels 14 .
- Roof panels 14 preferably have the same structure as intermediate panels 10 , although they are typically not removable or reconfigurable since the overall length and width of building 2 cannot be modified due to the permanent nature of shear walls 4 . Roof panels 14 are either bolted or welded to the top of upper hoop 15 .
- FIG. 4 a floor plan of building 2 is shown. Corrugated steel decking 404 is mounted on steel beams 406 , which are supported by lower hoop 15 .
- FIGS. 4( b ) to 4 ( f ) show enlarged details of those areas indicated in FIG. 4( a ).
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of building 2 taken along line C-C in FIG. 1 .
- Shear wall units 6 and intermediate panels 10 bolt to lower I-beam 16 using the same configuration used to connect units 6 and panels 10 to upper I-beam 16 . That is, a steel plate 305 is also welded to the bottom of each intermediate panel 10 , and bolts 306 connect plate 305 to lower I-beam 16 .
- a steel plate 303 is also welded to the bottom of each shear wall unit 6 , and bolts 304 connect plate 303 to lower I-beam 16 .
- lifting lug 408 is mounted to lower I-beam 16 .
- upper and lower hoops 15 allow multiple buildings 2 to be easily stacked to form a multistory blast resistant building.
- Two buildings 2 stacked to form a two story building is shown in FIG. 10 .
- roof panels 14 are simply removed from ground story building 2
- upper hoop 15 serves as the lower hoop of the second story building 2 .
- shear wall panels 200 and intermediate panels 10 will be installed as necessary to meet the climatic, code compliance, and architectural requirements of the building 2 .
- Structurally Insulated Panels or an equivalent may be installed on the exterior of building 2 in order to provide required climatic insulating resistance and sound insulating resistance required by the particular project.
- the thickness of shear wall panels 200 and intermediate panels 10 will be chosen to suit the blast-resistant requirements of the particular project.
- the thickness of shear wall panels 200 may be appropriately designed to suit the direction and magnitude of the potential blast force.
- the building 2 is assembled and shipped as a completed unit from the factory, or may instead be shipped disassembled or partially assembled and assembled on site.
- the size of the fully assembled building 2 is not limited by the restrictions imposed by transporting a fully assembled building. This allows the envelope of building 2 to be larger and/or shaped differently than prior art portable blast-resistant buildings that are transported from the factory as a fully assembled completed unit.
- the shear walls 4 and hoops 15 are permanently connected to provide a structurally rigid frame for the building.
- the shear walls 4 are dimensioned to provide the shear strength necessary to resist the forces imposed on the building 2 under blast conditions.
- the hoops 15 also provide structural rigidity for the floor and roof and allow buildings 2 to be stacked on one another.
- the connection of the shear walls to the hoops may be accomplished by welding, or, conveniently, by a bolted connection. Where a bolted connection is used, a tamperproof fastener is used to inhibit removal of the shear walls, or the bolted connection is placed in a location that inhibits casual access to the bolts. In this way the integrity of the structure is ensured if the overall configuration is changed.
- the layout of building 2 may be customized to suit the particular application or to make the building more suitable for its particular occupants. For example, consider the embodiment described in FIGS. 1 to 9 . If one wished to add a third door opening half way between the two door openings 12 , one could simply remove the appropriate number of intermediate panels 10 , install panel 10 a, and form an interface with the right and left sides of the door frame in the manner shown in FIGS. 2( f ) and 2 ( g ). If one wished to remove this third door opening at a later date, the intermediate panels 10 could simply be re-installed. In making such modifications, the blast-resistant properties of the building 2 are maintained due to the overlapping nesting structure of steel panels 10 and 10 a.
- intermediate panels 10 may be installed in the interior of the building as desired or as needed to meet the blast-resistant requirements of the project. Therefore, the interior layout of building 2 can also be reconfigured to suit the occupant's changing needs. These changes can be made without adversely affecting the basic structure provided by the shear walls 4 and hoops 15 . As such, recertification of the building is not required each time the configuration is changed.
- FIGS. 1 to 9 represents one specific embodiment.
- the number of panels and/or the dimensions shown in the drawings will vary depending on the design requirements.
- a different size or number of shear wall units may be necessary depending on the design of building, and the number and size of intermediate panels will vary depending on the design.
Abstract
A reconfigurable blast resistant building is disclosed. Shear walls are stationed at the ends of the building to provide rigid support. Intermediate removable panels are detachably attached in seriatim between the shear walls. Each intermediate panel comprises a blast-resistant body having a front wall and a pair of side walls. One of the side walls has an outwardly extending flange, and the other side wall has an inwardly extending flange for abutting against the outwardly extending flange of an adjacent panel to cover the joint between the two panels and protect the inside of the building from being directly exposed to a blast force.
Description
- This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/140,735 filed on Dec. 24, 2008, and incorporated herein by reference.
- The present invention relates generally to blast resistant buildings.
- Blast resistant buildings are known in the art for providing protection to personnel working in an explosively hazardous area. Traditionally, such buildings have been constructed of steel and/or concrete and have been designed for permanent placement at a specific site. However, in industries such as the petroleum or chemical processing industry, as well as in mining and in other industries, there are often construction projects and other turnaround operations that require the temporary placement of a blast resistant building in an area that has the potential for blast overpressure. Therefore, portable blast resistant buildings have been designed specifically for temporary placement at such locations. These buildings are typically designed to comply with recommended practices such as those specified in API RP 752 and API RP 753. The buildings are usually the size and shape of a trailer and are therefore suitably sized for shipment to their destined location.
- Portable blast resistant buildings currently available are factory assembled by permanently welding steel panels together to form a self-contained unit. This unit is then shipped as a completed or near-finished product to its destined location. Whilst such a design allows for relatively quick field installation and occupancy shortly after arriving at its destined location, due to the permanent welded construction, the layout of the building cannot be reconfigured or modified. For example, the location of blast resistant doors and inner walls may not be moved after the building is assembled. Therefore, such buildings are unable to be customized on site for a particular application. If a new configuration of a building is required, for example, for a new operation or for a new phase in the construction, the current building cannot be reconfigured to suit this application. Instead, a new building is assembled and shipped from the factory, which is both time consuming and expensive.
- It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate at least some of the above disadvantages.
- In general terms, the present invention provides a reconfigurable portable blast resistant building. Permanent shear walls are stationed at each end of the building to provide structural support, and removable intermediate panels are assembled between the shear walls as desired to customize the location of doors and inner walls. The removable panels detachably attach next to each other in an overlapping nesting arrangement to cover the joint between adjacent panels and protect the inside of the building from being directly exposed to a blast force. The protection of such joints is necessary to ensure the building remains blast resistant. Preferably, the shear walls and intermediate panels are made of steel, and preferably adjacent intermediate panels are detachably attached using a mechanical fastener such as a nut and bolt.
- Such a structure allows the building to be customizably assembled on site and/or allows the building to be reconfigured to meet the needs of a new application, while at the same time remaining blast resistant due to the provision of the overlapping nested removable panels and the permanent shear walls.
- In one aspect of the invention, there is provided a panel for a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising a blast-resistant body having a front wall and a pair of side walls. One of the pair of side walls has an outwardly directed flange, and the other of the pair of side walls has an inwardly directed flange for abutting against an outwardly directed flange of an adjacent panel.
- In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising permanent shear walls stationed at opposite ends of the building for providing support to the building. Panels of the type described above are placed in seriatim between the shear walls.
- In yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a blast resistant wall for a blast resistant building comprising panels of the type described above placed in seriatim.
- In still another aspect of the invention, there is provided a kit for constructing a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising shear walls permanently fixed to upper and lower structural beams, and panels of the type described above for placement in seriatim between the shear walls.
- Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
FIG. 1 is perspective view of a reconfigurable portable blast resistant building; -
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the building ofFIG. 1 at a horizontal plane indicated by section line A-A onFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 3 is a side view of the building ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 4 is a floor plan of the building ofFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 5 is a cross-section of the building ofFIG. 1 taken along line C-C inFIG. 1 ; -
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a single shear wall unit; -
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a single intermediate panel; -
FIG. 8 is a partially exploded perspective view showing the connection between an intermediate panel and a supporting I-beam; -
FIG. 9 is a partially exploded perspective view showing the connection between a shear wall unit and a supporting I-beam; -
FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing two buildings stacked to form a two story unit; and -
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing three buildings connected side by side. - Referring first to
FIG. 1 , a perspective view of a reconfigurable portable blastresistant building 2 is shown having permanently fixedshear walls 4 atopposite ends 8 andintermediate panels 10 detachably attached in seriatim betweenshear walls 4. Theshear walls 4 extend between upper and lowerstructural hoops 15 that extend about the periphery of thebuilding 2. Eachhoop 15 is constructed from four I-beams 16, which form a rectangle having dimensions corresponding to the perimeter of thebuilding 2.Shear walls 4 comprise steelshear wall units 6 reinforced and fastened together atjoints 217 in a manner explained in detail below. Eachshear wall 4 comprises eightunits 6. Fourunits 6 are arranged on eachend 8 ofbuilding 2, and twounit 6 are situated on side walls adjacent each corner ofbuilding 2. - The span between the
shear walls 4 may be configured to suit the particular needs usingintermediate panels 10. For example, one ormore door openings 12 may be placed where desired betweenshear walls 4. InFIG. 1 , twodoor openings 12 are shown. A blast-resistant door assembly (not shown) is installed in eachopening 12. Such doors assemblies are known in the art. -
FIG. 2 shows a plan view ofbuilding 2 at a horizontal plane indicated by section line A-A onFIG. 1 .FIGS. 2( b) to 2(h) show enlarged details of those areas indicated inFIG. 2( a). - Turning first to
FIG. 2( b), adjacentshear wall units 6 are shown connected together. A perspective view of a portion of a singleshear wall unit 6 is shown inFIG. 6 . Eachshear wall unit 6 comprises apanel 200 withchannels 216 welded to the vertical edges of eachpanel 200. Angleiron reinforcing members panel 200 in order to provide additional reinforcement against a blast pressure wave. Adjacentshear wall units 6 are connected together using a plurality ofbolts 218 that pass through the web of thechannels 216. Eachpanel 200 is offset from the ends ofchannels 216 by a distance l1 so that the panel overhangs the channel along one edge and is inset from thechannel 216 by a distance l1 along the opposite edge. Therefore, when two adjacent units are bolted together viabolts 218, joint 217 is covered by apanel 200. - When connecting two
shear wall units 6 at a 90 degree angle, as inFIG. 2( c), onechannel 216 from eachunit 6 is removed and anarrangement 204 of three angle irons is used as a connecting member. One angle iron is welded to eachpanel 200 with a leg extending inwardly from thepanel 200. A third angle iron connects the two orthogonal legs viabolts 206.Protective seals 208 are welded overjoints 210. - The
channels 216 onunits 6 conveniently provide a simple interface for detachably attaching anintermediate panel 10 or interfacing with adoor opening 12. -
FIG. 2( d) shows the interface between achannel 216 and the right edge ofdoor opening 12. A suitable blast-resistant door (not shown) typically includes a frame comprising rectangular steel tubing 13 (shown in broken lines inFIG. 2( d)). Thesteel tubing 13 is bolted to upper andlower hoops 15 and abuts againstchannel 216 atinterface 231. Conveniently, due to offset l1,panel 200 extends overabutting interface 231 betweenchannel 216 andsteel tubing 13, as shown inFIG. 2( d). Alternatively, whenshear wall unit 6 interfaces with the left edge of a door opening, a flange (not shown) is bolted or welded to channel 216 to extend overabutting interface 231. -
FIG. 2( h) shows the interface between ashear wall unit 6 and anintermediate panel 10.Channel 216 abuts against and is bolted toside wall 22 ofpanel 10. Aseal 228 is welded over joint 230. - As mentioned above, the
shear walls 4 are permanently fixed to thehoops 15 to provide structural support tobuilding 2. Theshear walls 4 may be permanently fixed tohoops 15 by welded joints or by bolts, as described in more detail below. On the other hand,intermediate panels 10 are detachably attached to each other and tohoops 15 and therefore easily removed and rearranged. - Adjacent
intermediate panels 10 are shown detachably connected together inFIG. 2( e). A perspective view of singleintermediate panel 10 is shown inFIG. 7 .Panel 10 is preferably made from steel and comprises afront wall 20 and twoside walls side wall 22 is inwardly directedflange 26 and extending fromside wall 24 is outwardly directedflange 28. Inwardly directedflange 26 is spaced closer tofront wall 20 by length l2, which is substantially equal to the thickness of outwardly directedflange 28, in order to allowflange 26 to snugly nest againstflange 28 ofadjacent panel 10 while keeping thefront walls 20 ofadjacent panels 10 flush.Bolts 30 detachably join nestedflange 26 toadjacent flange 28. Although not usually necessary, bolts may also joinadjacent panels 10 along joint 32. The nesting offlange 26 againstflange 28 ensures that joint 32 is covered and that the inside of building 2 is not directly exposed to a blast force. Therefore, when a pressure wave from an explosion reaches building 2, the pressure wave is unable to penetrate betweenadjacent panels 10 and undermine the protection provided by the steel panel structure. The nesting flanges 26 and 28 provide a seal betweenadjacent panels 10. By having such a structure,adjacent panels 10 may be detachably attached using simple mechanical fasteners such asbolts 30 while at the same time form the seal necessary betweenadjacent panels 10 to maintain the blast resistant properties of the building. -
FIG. 2( f) shows the interface betweenintermediate panel 10 and the right edge of adoor opening 12. Thesteel tubing 13 of the frame of the blast resistant door is bolted to upper andlower hoops 15 and abuts againstsidewall 22 atinterface 233. Aflange 222 is attached tofront wall 20 ofintermediate panel 10 and projects over andcovers abutting interface 233 thereby preventing the inside of building 2 from being directly exposed to a blast force. - A modified
panel 10 a is utilized for interfacing with the left edge of adoor opening 12, as shown inFIG. 2( g).Panel 10 a differs slightly frompanel 10 shown inFIG. 2( e) in order to interface withdoor opening 12. Specifically, outwardly directedflange 28 is absent frompanel 10 a, but is replaced with an inwardly directedflange 26 a. Thesteel tubing 13 of the frame of the blast resistant door may then abut againstsidewall 24 atinterface 235.Flange 222covers abutting interface 235. - Turning now to
FIG. 3 , a rear view ofbuilding 2 is shown inFIG. 3( a), and a cross-section through line B-B ofFIG. 3( a) is shown inFIG. 3( b).Shear wall units 6 andintermediate panels 10 are bolted to the bottom face of upper I-beam 16 viabolts FIGS. 8 and 9 . As shown inFIG. 8 , asteel plate 305 is welded to the top of eachintermediate panel 10.Bolts 306connect plate 305 to the lower face of I-beam 16. Similarly, as shown inFIG. 9 , asteel plate 303 is welded to the top of eachshear wall unit 6.Bolts 304connect plate 303 to I-beam 16. Theshear wall units 6 are permanently fixed tohoop 15. This may be facilitated by coveringbolts 304 or using tamper-proof bolts. It is also contemplated thatplate 303 may instead be welded to I-beam 16. -
Upper hoop 15 also provides an upper peripheral frame to supportroof panels 14.Roof panels 14 preferably have the same structure asintermediate panels 10, although they are typically not removable or reconfigurable since the overall length and width of building 2 cannot be modified due to the permanent nature ofshear walls 4.Roof panels 14 are either bolted or welded to the top ofupper hoop 15. - Turning next to
FIG. 4 , a floor plan of building 2 is shown.Corrugated steel decking 404 is mounted onsteel beams 406, which are supported bylower hoop 15.FIGS. 4( b) to 4(f) show enlarged details of those areas indicated inFIG. 4( a).FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of building 2 taken along line C-C inFIG. 1 .Shear wall units 6 andintermediate panels 10 bolt to lower I-beam 16 using the same configuration used to connectunits 6 andpanels 10 to upper I-beam 16. That is, asteel plate 305 is also welded to the bottom of eachintermediate panel 10, andbolts 306connect plate 305 to lower I-beam 16. Similarly, asteel plate 303 is also welded to the bottom of eachshear wall unit 6, andbolts 304connect plate 303 to lower I-beam 16. - As shown in
FIG. 4( b), and also inFIG. 5 , liftinglug 408 is mounted to lower I-beam 16. This allows building 2 to be easily transported once assembled. For example, a cord may be placed througheyelet 410 in each liftinglug 408, and then by pulling the cord using a crane, the building may be lifted onto or off of a truck. - Conveniently, upper and
lower hoops 15 allowmultiple buildings 2 to be easily stacked to form a multistory blast resistant building. Twobuildings 2 stacked to form a two story building is shown inFIG. 10 . To construct the building shown inFIG. 10 ,roof panels 14 are simply removed fromground story building 2, andupper hoop 15 serves as the lower hoop of thesecond story building 2. - Additionally,
multiple buildings 2 may be connected side by side to increase the occupancy space. One such embodiment is shown inFIG. 11 . Threebuildings shear walls Intermediate panels 10 are removed from the back side of building 2 a and the front side of building 2 c. All intermediate panels are also removed from building 2 b.Shear walls 4 b are then connected to shearwalls joints joints - It will be appreciated that interior and exterior finishes to shear
walls 4 andintermediate panels 10 will be installed as necessary to meet the climatic, code compliance, and architectural requirements of thebuilding 2. For example, Structurally Insulated Panels or an equivalent may be installed on the exterior of building 2 in order to provide required climatic insulating resistance and sound insulating resistance required by the particular project. It will also be appreciated that the thickness ofshear wall panels 200 andintermediate panels 10 will be chosen to suit the blast-resistant requirements of the particular project. For example, the thickness ofshear wall panels 200 may be appropriately designed to suit the direction and magnitude of the potential blast force. - In use, the
building 2 is assembled and shipped as a completed unit from the factory, or may instead be shipped disassembled or partially assembled and assembled on site. Conveniently, if thebuilding 2 is being transported disassembled or partially assembled, then the size of the fully assembledbuilding 2 is not limited by the restrictions imposed by transporting a fully assembled building. This allows the envelope of building 2 to be larger and/or shaped differently than prior art portable blast-resistant buildings that are transported from the factory as a fully assembled completed unit. - The
shear walls 4 andhoops 15 are permanently connected to provide a structurally rigid frame for the building. Theshear walls 4 are dimensioned to provide the shear strength necessary to resist the forces imposed on thebuilding 2 under blast conditions. Thehoops 15 also provide structural rigidity for the floor and roof and allowbuildings 2 to be stacked on one another. The connection of the shear walls to the hoops may be accomplished by welding, or, conveniently, by a bolted connection. Where a bolted connection is used, a tamperproof fastener is used to inhibit removal of the shear walls, or the bolted connection is placed in a location that inhibits casual access to the bolts. In this way the integrity of the structure is ensured if the overall configuration is changed. - With the
shear walls 4 installed, the layout of building 2 may be customized to suit the particular application or to make the building more suitable for its particular occupants. For example, consider the embodiment described inFIGS. 1 to 9 . If one wished to add a third door opening half way between the twodoor openings 12, one could simply remove the appropriate number ofintermediate panels 10, installpanel 10 a, and form an interface with the right and left sides of the door frame in the manner shown inFIGS. 2( f) and 2(g). If one wished to remove this third door opening at a later date, theintermediate panels 10 could simply be re-installed. In making such modifications, the blast-resistant properties of thebuilding 2 are maintained due to the overlapping nesting structure ofsteel panels FIGS. 1 to 9 ,intermediate panels 10 may be installed in the interior of the building as desired or as needed to meet the blast-resistant requirements of the project. Therefore, the interior layout of building 2 can also be reconfigured to suit the occupant's changing needs. These changes can be made without adversely affecting the basic structure provided by theshear walls 4 andhoops 15. As such, recertification of the building is not required each time the configuration is changed. - Although the invention has been described with reference to certain specific embodiments, various modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as identified in the claims appended hereto.
- Notably, it will be appreciated that the design shown in
FIGS. 1 to 9 represents one specific embodiment. In particular, the number of panels and/or the dimensions shown in the drawings will vary depending on the design requirements. For example, a different size or number of shear wall units may be necessary depending on the design of building, and the number and size of intermediate panels will vary depending on the design.
Claims (12)
1. A panel for a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising a blast-resistant body having a front wall and a pair of side walls; one of said pair of side walls having an outwardly directed flange, and the other of said pair of side walls having an inwardly directed flange for abutting against an outwardly directed flange of an adjacent panel.
2. The panel of claim 1 wherein said inwardly directed flange of said panel is spaced closer to said front wall of said panel than said outwardly directed flange of said panel by an amount substantially equal to the thickness of said outwardly directed flange, whereby when said inwardly directed flange of said panel is abutted against said outwardly directed flange of said adjacent panel, said front wall of said panel is substantially flush with a front wall of said adjacent panel.
3. The panel of claim 2 wherein said body is made of steel.
4. A blast resistant wall for a blast resistant building comprising panels of claim 2 fastened in seriatim.
5. The blast resistant wall of claim 4 wherein said panels are detachably attached in seriatim using a mechanical fastener.
6. A reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising permanently fixed shear walls stationed at opposite ends of said building, and panels of claim 2 fastened in seriatim between said shear walls.
7. The reconfigurable blast resistant building of claim 6 wherein said panels are detachably attached in seriatim using a mechanical fastener.
8. The reconfigurable blast resistant building of claim 7 wherein said permanently fixed shear walls include a shear wall comprising a blast-resistant panel having opposite vertical edges, a first channel connected to one of said opposite vertical edges, and a second channel connected to the other of said opposite vertical edges; said blast-resistant panel offset from edges of said first channel and said second channel to define an overhanging portion, the overhanging portion covering a joint between said shear wall and an adjacent shear wall.
9. The reconfigurable blast resistant building of claim 8 wherein said blast-resistant panel is inset from an outer edge of the first channel by a length l1 and overhangs an outer edge of said second channel by said distance l1 to define the overhanging portion, the overhanging portion connecting to a surface of a first channel of the adjacent shear wall.
10. The reconfigurable blast resistant building of claim 9 wherein said blast-resistant panel is welded to said first channel and said second channel.
11. The reconfigurable blast resistant building of claim 10 wherein at least one reinforcing member is welded to said blast-resistant panel between said first channel and said second channel.
12. A kit for constructing a reconfigurable blast resistant building comprising shear walls permanently fixed to upper and lower structural beams, and panels of claim 2 for detachable attachment in seriatim between said shear walls.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/644,570 US20100162929A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2009-12-22 | Reconfigurable blast resistant building |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14073508P | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | |
US12/644,570 US20100162929A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2009-12-22 | Reconfigurable blast resistant building |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20100162929A1 true US20100162929A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
Family
ID=42283134
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US12/644,570 Abandoned US20100162929A1 (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2009-12-22 | Reconfigurable blast resistant building |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20100162929A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2689002A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
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US20170205324A1 (en) * | 2014-02-05 | 2017-07-20 | Score Group Plc | Pressure test cell |
US20180010352A1 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2018-01-11 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Anti-ballistic shelter |
CN108018963A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-11 | 深圳大学 | Bottom section assembled anti-knock function can recover shear wall |
US20190017262A1 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2019-01-17 | Alonso P. Rodriguez | Refractory enclosures for high density energy storage systems |
US10443260B2 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2019-10-15 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Modular anti-ballistic, blast and forced entry resistant shelter system |
US20200190841A1 (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Flashing systems and methods for modular blast, ballistic, and forced entry resistant shelters |
CN112195837A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 北京工业大学 | Replaceable pier anti-explosion device suitable for pier with circular section and installation method of replaceable pier anti-explosion device |
US20220251864A1 (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2022-08-11 | Baker Engineering & Risk Consultants, Inc. | Fragment-, overpressure-, radiation-, and toxic-resistant emergency safety shelter |
CN114991315A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏智建美住智能建筑科技有限公司 | Shear force wall body and steel structure column's mixed structure boxed room convenient to alignment |
CN114991310A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏智建美住智能建筑科技有限公司 | Box-type house convenient to straighten and capable of being built quickly |
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US20180010352A1 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2018-01-11 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Anti-ballistic shelter |
US10443260B2 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2019-10-15 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Modular anti-ballistic, blast and forced entry resistant shelter system |
US20190368215A1 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2019-12-05 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Modular anti-ballistic shelter system |
US10858855B2 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2020-12-08 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Modular anti-ballistic shelter system |
US11629519B2 (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2023-04-18 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Blast, ballistic and forced entry resistant shelter |
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US20190017262A1 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2019-01-17 | Alonso P. Rodriguez | Refractory enclosures for high density energy storage systems |
US10767364B2 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2020-09-08 | Alonso P. Rodriguez | Refractory enclosures for high density energy storage systems |
CN108018963A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-11 | 深圳大学 | Bottom section assembled anti-knock function can recover shear wall |
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US20200190841A1 (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-06-18 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Flashing systems and methods for modular blast, ballistic, and forced entry resistant shelters |
US10865582B2 (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2020-12-15 | United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Flashing systems and methods for modular blast, ballistic, and forced entry resistant shelters |
CN112195837A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-08 | 北京工业大学 | Replaceable pier anti-explosion device suitable for pier with circular section and installation method of replaceable pier anti-explosion device |
CN114991315A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏智建美住智能建筑科技有限公司 | Shear force wall body and steel structure column's mixed structure boxed room convenient to alignment |
CN114991310A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-02 | 江苏智建美住智能建筑科技有限公司 | Box-type house convenient to straighten and capable of being built quickly |
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